xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 3311ff84eac3b7e82f28e331df0586036c6d361c)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
34 
35 #include "opt_inet.h"
36 #include "opt_inet6.h"
37 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
38 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/systm.h>
42 #include <sys/domain.h>
43 #include <sys/hhook.h>
44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
45 #include <sys/lock.h>
46 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
47 #include <sys/mutex.h>
48 #include <sys/protosw.h>
49 #include <sys/sdt.h>
50 #include <sys/socket.h>
51 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
52 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
53 
54 #include <net/if.h>
55 #include <net/route.h>
56 #include <net/vnet.h>
57 
58 #include <netinet/cc.h>
59 #include <netinet/in.h>
60 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
61 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
62 #include <netinet/ip.h>
63 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
64 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
65 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
66 #ifdef INET6
67 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
68 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
69 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
70 #endif
71 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
72 #include <netinet/tcp_fastopen.h>
73 #endif
74 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
75 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
76 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
77 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
78 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
79 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
80 #ifdef TCPPCAP
81 #include <netinet/tcp_pcap.h>
82 #endif
83 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
84 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
85 #endif
86 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
87 #include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
88 #endif
89 
90 #ifdef IPSEC
91 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
92 #endif /*IPSEC*/
93 
94 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
95 
96 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
97 
98 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
99 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
100 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
101 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
102 
103 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
104 #define	V_tcp_do_tso		VNET(tcp_do_tso)
105 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
106 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
107 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
108 
109 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
110 #define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
111 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
112 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
113 
114 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
115 #define	V_tcp_do_autosndbuf	VNET(tcp_do_autosndbuf)
116 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
117 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
118 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
119 
120 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
121 #define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_inc)
122 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
123 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
124 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
125 
126 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
127 #define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_max	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_max)
128 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
129 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
130 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
131 
132 static void inline	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp,
133 			    struct tcphdr *th, struct tcpopt *to,
134 			    long len, int tso);
135 static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
136 
137 /*
138  * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
139  */
140 static void inline
141 hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
142     struct tcpopt *to, long len, int tso)
143 {
144 	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
145 
146 	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
147 		hhook_data.tp = tp;
148 		hhook_data.th = th;
149 		hhook_data.to = to;
150 		hhook_data.len = len;
151 		hhook_data.tso = tso;
152 
153 		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
154 		    tp->osd);
155 	}
156 }
157 
158 /*
159  * CC wrapper hook functions
160  */
161 static void inline
162 cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
163 {
164 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
165 
166 	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
167 		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
168 }
169 
170 /*
171  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
172  */
173 int
174 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
175 {
176 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
177 	long len, recwin, sendwin;
178 	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
179 	struct mbuf *m;
180 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
181 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
182 	struct tcphdr *th;
183 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
184 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
185 #ifdef IPSEC
186 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
187 #endif
188 	int idle, sendalot;
189 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
190 	struct sackhole *p;
191 	int tso, mtu;
192 	struct tcpopt to;
193 #if 0
194 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
195 #endif
196 #ifdef INET6
197 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
198 	int isipv6;
199 
200 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
201 #endif
202 
203 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
204 
205 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
206 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
207 		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
208 #endif
209 
210 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
211 	/*
212 	 * For TFO connections in SYN_RECEIVED, only allow the initial
213 	 * SYN|ACK and those sent by the retransmit timer.
214 	 */
215 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FASTOPEN) &&
216 	    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
217 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&    /* inital SYN|ACK sent */
218 	    (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))          /* not a retransmit */
219 		return (0);
220 #endif
221 	/*
222 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
223 	 * and flags that will be used.
224 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
225 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
226 	 */
227 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
228 	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur)
229 		cc_after_idle(tp);
230 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
231 	if (idle) {
232 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
233 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
234 			idle = 0;
235 		}
236 	}
237 again:
238 	/*
239 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
240 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
241 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
242 	 */
243 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
244 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
245 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
246 	sendalot = 0;
247 	tso = 0;
248 	mtu = 0;
249 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
250 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
251 
252 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
253 	/*
254 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
255 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
256 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
257 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
258 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
259 	 */
260 	/*
261 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
262 	 */
263 	sack_rxmit = 0;
264 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
265 	len = 0;
266 	p = NULL;
267 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
268 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
269 		long cwin;
270 
271 		cwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt;
272 		if (cwin < 0)
273 			cwin = 0;
274 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
275 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
276 			/*
277 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
278 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
279 			 * for this hole.
280 			 */
281 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
282 				/*
283 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
284 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
285 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
286 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
287 				 */
288 				p = NULL;
289 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
290 			} else
291 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
292 				len = ((long)ulmin(cwin,
293 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
294 		} else
295 			len = ((long)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
296 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
297 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
298 		    __func__, off));
299 		if (len > 0) {
300 			sack_rxmit = 1;
301 			sendalot = 1;
302 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
303 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
304 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
305 		}
306 	}
307 after_sack_rexmit:
308 	/*
309 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
310 	 * state flags.
311 	 */
312 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
313 		flags |= TH_FIN;
314 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
315 		flags |= TH_SYN;
316 
317 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
318 	/*
319 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
320 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
321 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
322 	 * and go to transmit state.
323 	 */
324 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
325 		if (sendwin == 0) {
326 			/*
327 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
328 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
329 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
330 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
331 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
332 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
333 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
334 			 * up sending the packet without recording
335 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
336 			 *
337 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
338 			 * because if we don't have any more data
339 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
340 			 * itself.
341 			 */
342 			if (off < sbused(&so->so_snd))
343 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
344 			sendwin = 1;
345 		} else {
346 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
347 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
348 		}
349 	}
350 
351 	/*
352 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
353 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
354 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
355 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
356 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
357 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
358 	 *
359 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
360 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
361 	 * wind up 0.
362 	 *
363 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
364 	 * in which case len is already set.
365 	 */
366 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
367 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
368 			len = ((long)ulmin(sbavail(&so->so_snd), sendwin) -
369 			    off);
370 		else {
371 			long cwin;
372 
373                         /*
374 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
375 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
376 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
377 			 */
378 			len = ((long)ulmin(sbavail(&so->so_snd), tp->snd_wnd) -
379 			    off);
380 			/*
381 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
382 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
383 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
384 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
385 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
386 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
387 			 */
388 			if (len > 0) {
389 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
390 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
391 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
392 				if (cwin < 0)
393 					cwin = 0;
394 				len = lmin(len, cwin);
395 			}
396 		}
397 	}
398 
399 	/*
400 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
401 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
402 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
403 	 */
404 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
405 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
406 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
407 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
408 		/*
409 		 * When sending additional segments following a TFO SYN|ACK,
410 		 * do not include the SYN bit.
411 		 */
412 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FASTOPEN) &&
413 		    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED))
414 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
415 #endif
416 		off--, len++;
417 	}
418 
419 	/*
420 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
421 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
422 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
423 	 */
424 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
425 		len = 0;
426 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
427 	}
428 
429 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
430 	/*
431 	 * When retransmitting SYN|ACK on a passively-created TFO socket,
432 	 * don't include data, as the presence of data may have caused the
433 	 * original SYN|ACK to have been dropped by a middlebox.
434 	 */
435 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FASTOPEN) &&
436 	    (((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) && (tp->t_rxtshift > 0)) ||
437 	     (flags & TH_RST)))
438 		len = 0;
439 #endif
440 	if (len <= 0) {
441 		/*
442 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
443 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
444 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
445 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
446 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
447 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
448 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
449 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
450 		 *
451 		 * We also do a general check here to ensure that
452 		 * we will set the persist timer when we have data
453 		 * to send, but a 0-byte window. This makes sure
454 		 * the persist timer is set even if the packet
455 		 * hits one of the "goto send" lines below.
456 		 */
457 		len = 0;
458 		if ((sendwin == 0) && (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state)) &&
459 			(off < (int) sbavail(&so->so_snd))) {
460 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
461 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
462 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
463 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
464 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
465 		}
466 	}
467 
468 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
469 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
470 
471 	/*
472 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
473 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
474 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
475 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
476 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
477 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
478 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
479 	 *
480 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
481 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
482 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
483 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
484 	 *     have data to make use of it);
485 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
486 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
487 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
488 	 *
489 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
490 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
491 	 * maximum.
492 	 *
493 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
494 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
495 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
496 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
497 	 * delay*bandwith product.  However testing has shown this not
498 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
499 	 * of available bandwith (the non-use of it) for wasting some
500 	 * socket buffer memory.
501 	 *
502 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
503 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
504 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
505 	 *
506 	 * XXXGL: should there be used sbused() or sbavail()?
507 	 */
508 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
509 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat &&
510 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) >= (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) &&
511 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
512 		    sendwin >= (sbused(&so->so_snd) -
513 		    (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
514 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
515 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
516 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
517 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
518 		}
519 	}
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
523 	 * hardware).
524 	 *
525 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
526 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
527 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
528 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
529 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
530 	 * segment or packet.
531 	 */
532 #ifdef IPSEC
533 	/*
534 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
535 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
536 	 */
537 	ipsec_optlen = ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
538 #endif
539 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
540 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
541 	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
542 #ifdef IPSEC
543 	    ipsec_optlen == 0 &&
544 #endif
545 	    tp->t_inpcb->inp_options == NULL &&
546 	    tp->t_inpcb->in6p_options == NULL)
547 		tso = 1;
548 
549 	if (sack_rxmit) {
550 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + sbused(&so->so_snd)))
551 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
552 	} else {
553 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una +
554 		    sbused(&so->so_snd)))
555 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
556 	}
557 
558 	recwin = sbspace(&so->so_rcv);
559 
560 	/*
561 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
562 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
563 	 *
564 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
565 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
566 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
567 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
568 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
569 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
570 	 *	- we need to retransmit
571 	 */
572 	if (len) {
573 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
574 			goto send;
575 		/*
576 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
577 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
578 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
579 		 *
580 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
581 		 */
582 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
583 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
584 		    len + off >= sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
585 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
586 			goto send;
587 		}
588 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
589 			goto send;
590 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
591 			goto send;
592 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
593 			goto send;
594 		if (sack_rxmit)
595 			goto send;
596 	}
597 
598 	/*
599 	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
600 	 *
601 	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
602 	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
603 	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
604 	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
605 	 * provides the most current window information.
606 	 *
607 	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
608 	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
609 	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
610 	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
611 	 * and the application is doing small reads.
612 	 *
613 	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
614 	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
615 	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
616 	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
617 	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
618 	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
619 	 * carry further window increases.
620 	 *
621 	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
622 	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
623 	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
624 	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
625 	 * half-open state.
626 	 */
627 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
628 	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
629 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
630 		/*
631 		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
632 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
633 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
634 		 */
635 		long adv;
636 		int oldwin;
637 
638 		adv = min(recwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
639 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
640 			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
641 			adv -= oldwin;
642 		} else
643 			oldwin = 0;
644 
645 		/*
646 		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as the old
647 		 * size when it is scaled, then don't force a window update.
648 		 */
649 		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale == (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
650 			goto dontupdate;
651 
652 		if (adv >= (long)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
653 		    (adv >= (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
654 		     recwin <= (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
655 		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg))
656 			goto send;
657 	}
658 dontupdate:
659 
660 	/*
661 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
662 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
663 	 */
664 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
665 		goto send;
666 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
667 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
668 		goto send;
669 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
670 		goto send;
671 	/*
672 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
673 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
674 	 */
675 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
676 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
677 		goto send;
678 	/*
679 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
680 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
681 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
682 	 */
683 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
684 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
685 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
686 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
687 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
688 		goto just_return;
689 	}
690 	/*
691 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
692 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
693 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
694 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
695 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
696 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
697 	 *
698 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
699 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
700 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
701 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
702 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
703 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
704 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
705 	 *
706 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
707 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
708 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
709 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
710 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
711 	 */
712 	if (sbavail(&so->so_snd) && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
713 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
714 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
715 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
716 	}
717 
718 	/*
719 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
720 	 */
721 just_return:
722 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
723 	return (0);
724 
725 send:
726 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
727 	if (len > 0) {
728 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
729 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
730 		else
731 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
732 	}
733 	/*
734 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
735 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
736 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
737 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
738 	 * link header, i.e.
739 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
740 	 */
741 	optlen = 0;
742 #ifdef INET6
743 	if (isipv6)
744 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
745 	else
746 #endif
747 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
748 
749 	/*
750 	 * Compute options for segment.
751 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
752 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
753 	 * syncache.
754 	 */
755 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
756 		to.to_flags = 0;
757 		/* Maximum segment size. */
758 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
759 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
760 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
761 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
762 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
763 			/*
764 			 * Only include the TFO option on the first
765 			 * transmission of the SYN|ACK on a
766 			 * passively-created TFO socket, as the presence of
767 			 * the TFO option may have caused the original
768 			 * SYN|ACK to have been dropped by a middlebox.
769 			 */
770 			if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FASTOPEN) &&
771 			    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
772 			    (tp->t_rxtshift == 0)) {
773 				to.to_tfo_len = TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_LEN;
774 				to.to_tfo_cookie = (u_char *)&tp->t_tfo_cookie;
775 				to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
776 			}
777 #endif
778 		}
779 		/* Window scaling. */
780 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
781 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
782 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
783 		}
784 		/* Timestamps. */
785 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
786 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
787 			to.to_tsval = tcp_ts_getticks() + tp->ts_offset;
788 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
789 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
790 			/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
791 			if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
792 			    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
793 				tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
794 		}
795 		/* Selective ACK's. */
796 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
797 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
798 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
799 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
800 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
801 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
802 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
803 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
804 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
805 			}
806 		}
807 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
808 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
809 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
810 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
811 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
812 
813 		/* Processing the options. */
814 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
815 	}
816 
817 #ifdef INET6
818 	if (isipv6)
819 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
820 	else
821 #endif
822 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
823 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
824 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
825 	else
826 		ipoptlen = 0;
827 #ifdef IPSEC
828 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
829 #endif
830 
831 	/*
832 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
833 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxseg length.
834 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
835 	 * the segment.
836 	 */
837 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxseg) {
838 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
839 
840 		if (tso) {
841 			u_int if_hw_tsomax;
842 			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegcount;
843 			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegsize;
844 			struct mbuf *mb;
845 			u_int moff;
846 			int max_len;
847 
848 			/* extract TSO information */
849 			if_hw_tsomax = tp->t_tsomax;
850 			if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = tp->t_tsomaxsegcount;
851 			if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = tp->t_tsomaxsegsize;
852 
853 			/*
854 			 * Limit a TSO burst to prevent it from
855 			 * overflowing or exceeding the maximum length
856 			 * allowed by the network interface:
857 			 */
858 			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
859 			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
860 
861 			/*
862 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum payload
863 			 * length:
864 			 */
865 			if (if_hw_tsomax != 0) {
866 				/* compute maximum TSO length */
867 				max_len = (if_hw_tsomax - hdrlen -
868 				    max_linkhdr);
869 				if (max_len <= 0) {
870 					len = 0;
871 				} else if (len > max_len) {
872 					sendalot = 1;
873 					len = max_len;
874 				}
875 			}
876 
877 			/*
878 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum segment
879 			 * size and count:
880 			 */
881 			if (if_hw_tsomaxsegcount != 0 &&
882 			    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize != 0) {
883 				/*
884 				 * Subtract one segment for the LINK
885 				 * and TCP/IP headers mbuf that will
886 				 * be prepended to this mbuf chain
887 				 * after the code in this section
888 				 * limits the number of mbufs in the
889 				 * chain to if_hw_tsomaxsegcount.
890 				 */
891 				if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= 1;
892 				max_len = 0;
893 				mb = sbsndmbuf(&so->so_snd, off, &moff);
894 
895 				while (mb != NULL && max_len < len) {
896 					u_int mlen;
897 					u_int frags;
898 
899 					/*
900 					 * Get length of mbuf fragment
901 					 * and how many hardware frags,
902 					 * rounded up, it would use:
903 					 */
904 					mlen = (mb->m_len - moff);
905 					frags = howmany(mlen,
906 					    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
907 
908 					/* Handle special case: Zero Length Mbuf */
909 					if (frags == 0)
910 						frags = 1;
911 
912 					/*
913 					 * Check if the fragment limit
914 					 * will be reached or exceeded:
915 					 */
916 					if (frags >= if_hw_tsomaxsegcount) {
917 						max_len += min(mlen,
918 						    if_hw_tsomaxsegcount *
919 						    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
920 						break;
921 					}
922 					max_len += mlen;
923 					if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= frags;
924 					moff = 0;
925 					mb = mb->m_next;
926 				}
927 				if (max_len <= 0) {
928 					len = 0;
929 				} else if (len > max_len) {
930 					sendalot = 1;
931 					len = max_len;
932 				}
933 			}
934 
935 			/*
936 			 * Prevent the last segment from being
937 			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can be
938 			 * emptied:
939 			 */
940 			max_len = (tp->t_maxseg - optlen);
941 			if ((off + len) < sbavail(&so->so_snd)) {
942 				moff = len % max_len;
943 				if (moff != 0) {
944 					len -= moff;
945 					sendalot = 1;
946 				}
947 			}
948 
949 			/*
950 			 * In case there are too many small fragments
951 			 * don't use TSO:
952 			 */
953 			if (len <= max_len) {
954 				len = max_len;
955 				sendalot = 1;
956 				tso = 0;
957 			}
958 
959 			/*
960 			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
961 			 * after the bulk sending is done.
962 			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
963 			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
964 			 * last segment.
965 			 */
966 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
967 				sendalot = 1;
968 
969 		} else {
970 			len = tp->t_maxseg - optlen - ipoptlen;
971 			sendalot = 1;
972 		}
973 	} else
974 		tso = 0;
975 
976 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
977 	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
978 
979 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
980 #ifdef INET6
981 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
982 #else
983 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
984 #endif
985 		panic("tcphdr too big");
986 /*#endif*/
987 
988 	/*
989 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
990 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
991 	 */
992 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
993 
994 	/*
995 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
996 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
997 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
998 	 */
999 	if (len) {
1000 		struct mbuf *mb;
1001 		u_int moff;
1002 
1003 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
1004 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
1005 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
1006 			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
1007 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
1008 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
1009 		} else {
1010 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
1011 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
1012 		}
1013 #ifdef INET6
1014 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
1015 			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
1016 		else
1017 #endif
1018 			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1019 
1020 		if (m == NULL) {
1021 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1022 			error = ENOBUFS;
1023 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1024 			goto out;
1025 		}
1026 
1027 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1028 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1029 
1030 		/*
1031 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
1032 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
1033 		 */
1034 		mb = sbsndptr(&so->so_snd, off, len, &moff);
1035 
1036 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
1037 			m_copydata(mb, moff, (int)len,
1038 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
1039 			m->m_len += len;
1040 		} else {
1041 			m->m_next = m_copy(mb, moff, (int)len);
1042 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
1043 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1044 				(void) m_free(m);
1045 				error = ENOBUFS;
1046 				sack_rxmit = 0;
1047 				goto out;
1048 			}
1049 		}
1050 
1051 		/*
1052 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
1053 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
1054 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
1055 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
1056 		 */
1057 		if ((off + len == sbused(&so->so_snd)) && !(flags & TH_SYN))
1058 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
1059 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1060 	} else {
1061 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1062 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
1063 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
1064 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
1065 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
1066 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
1067 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
1068 		else
1069 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
1070 
1071 		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1072 		if (m == NULL) {
1073 			error = ENOBUFS;
1074 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1075 			goto out;
1076 		}
1077 #ifdef INET6
1078 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
1079 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
1080 			M_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
1081 		} else
1082 #endif
1083 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1084 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1085 	}
1086 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
1087 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
1088 #ifdef MAC
1089 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
1090 #endif
1091 #ifdef INET6
1092 	if (isipv6) {
1093 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
1094 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
1095 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
1096 	} else
1097 #endif /* INET6 */
1098 	{
1099 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
1100 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
1101 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
1102 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
1103 	}
1104 
1105 	/*
1106 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
1107 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
1108 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
1109 	 */
1110 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
1111 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
1112 		tp->snd_nxt--;
1113 	/*
1114 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
1115 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
1116 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
1117 	 * RFC 3168.
1118 	 */
1119 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn) {
1120 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
1121 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
1122 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1123 		} else
1124 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
1128 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
1129 		/*
1130 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
1131 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
1132 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
1133 		 */
1134 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
1135 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
1136 #ifdef INET6
1137 			if (isipv6)
1138 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
1139 			else
1140 #endif
1141 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
1142 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
1143 		}
1144 
1145 		/*
1146 		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
1147 		 */
1148 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
1149 			flags |= TH_CWR;
1150 			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
1151 		}
1152 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
1153 			flags |= TH_ECE;
1154 	}
1155 
1156 	/*
1157 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
1158 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
1159 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
1160 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
1161 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
1162 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
1163 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
1164 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1165 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1166 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1167 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1168 	 */
1169 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1170 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1171 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1172 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1173 		else
1174 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1175 	} else {
1176 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1177 		p->rxmit += len;
1178 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1179 	}
1180 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1181 	if (optlen) {
1182 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1183 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1184 	}
1185 	th->th_flags = flags;
1186 	/*
1187 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1188 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1189 	 */
1190 	if (recwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1191 	    recwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
1192 		recwin = 0;
1193 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1194 	    recwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1195 		recwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1196 	if (recwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
1197 		recwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
1198 
1199 	/*
1200 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1201 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1202 	 * case is handled in syncache.
1203 	 */
1204 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1205 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1206 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1207 	else
1208 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1209 
1210 	/*
1211 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1212 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1213 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1214 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1215 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1216 	 * the connection.
1217 	 */
1218 	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1219 		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1220 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1221 	} else
1222 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1223 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1224 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1225 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1226 	} else
1227 		/*
1228 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1229 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1230 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1231 		 * number wraparound.
1232 		 */
1233 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1234 
1235 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
1236 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) {
1237 		int sigoff = to.to_signature - opt;
1238 		tcp_signature_compute(m, 0, len, optlen,
1239 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + sigoff, IPSEC_DIR_OUTBOUND);
1240 	}
1241 #endif
1242 
1243 	/*
1244 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1245 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1246 	 */
1247 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1248 	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1249 #ifdef INET6
1250 	if (isipv6) {
1251 		/*
1252 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
1253 		 * in ip6_output.
1254 		 */
1255 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1256 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1257 		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1258 	}
1259 #endif
1260 #if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1261 	else
1262 #endif
1263 #ifdef INET
1264 	{
1265 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1266 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1267 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1268 
1269 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1270 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1271 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1272 	}
1273 #endif
1274 
1275 	/*
1276 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1277 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1278 	 */
1279 	if (tso) {
1280 		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxseg - optlen,
1281 		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1282 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1283 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxseg - optlen;
1284 	}
1285 
1286 #ifdef IPSEC
1287 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen - ipsec_optlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1288 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %ld + %u + %u - %u != %u",
1289 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, ipsec_optlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1290 #else
1291 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1292 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %ld + %u + %u != %u",
1293 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1294 #endif
1295 
1296 	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1297 	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1298 
1299 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1300 	/*
1301 	 * Trace.
1302 	 */
1303 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1304 		u_short save = 0;
1305 #ifdef INET6
1306 		if (!isipv6)
1307 #endif
1308 		{
1309 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1310 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1311 		}
1312 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1313 #ifdef INET6
1314 		if (!isipv6)
1315 #endif
1316 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1317 	}
1318 #endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1319 	TCP_PROBE3(debug__input, tp, th, mtod(m, const char *));
1320 
1321 	/*
1322 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1323 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1324 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1325 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1326 	 */
1327 	/*
1328 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before checksum calculation,
1329 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1330 	 */
1331 #ifdef INET6
1332 	if (isipv6) {
1333 		struct route_in6 ro;
1334 
1335 		bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
1336 		/*
1337 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1338 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1339 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1340 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1341 		 */
1342 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1343 
1344 		/*
1345 		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1346 		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1347 		 * the option header lengths as well.
1348 		 */
1349 		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1350 
1351 		if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss)
1352 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1353 		else
1354 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1355 
1356 		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1357 			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1358 
1359 		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1360 
1361 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1362 		/* Save packet, if requested. */
1363 		tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1364 #endif
1365 
1366 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1367 		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts, &ro,
1368 		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1369 		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1370 
1371 		if (error == EMSGSIZE && ro.ro_rt != NULL)
1372 			mtu = ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1373 		RO_RTFREE(&ro);
1374 	}
1375 #endif /* INET6 */
1376 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1377 	else
1378 #endif
1379 #ifdef INET
1380     {
1381 	struct route ro;
1382 
1383 	bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
1384 	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1385 #ifdef INET6
1386 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1387 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1388 #endif /* INET6 */
1389 	/*
1390 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1391 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1392 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1393 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1394 	 *
1395 	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1396 	 */
1397 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss) {
1398 		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1399 		tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1400 	} else {
1401 		tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1402 	}
1403 
1404 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1405 		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1406 
1407 	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1408 
1409 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1410 	/* Save packet, if requested. */
1411 	tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1412 #endif
1413 
1414 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &ro,
1415 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1416 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1417 
1418 	if (error == EMSGSIZE && ro.ro_rt != NULL)
1419 		mtu = ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1420 	RO_RTFREE(&ro);
1421     }
1422 #endif /* INET */
1423 
1424 out:
1425 	/*
1426 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1427 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1428 	 */
1429 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1430 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1431 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1432 
1433 		/*
1434 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1435 		 */
1436 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1437 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1438 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1439 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1440 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1441 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1442 			}
1443 		}
1444 		if (sack_rxmit)
1445 			goto timer;
1446 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1447 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1448 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1449 			/*
1450 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1451 			 * not currently timing anything.
1452 			 */
1453 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1454 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1455 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1456 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1457 			}
1458 		}
1459 
1460 		/*
1461 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1462 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1463 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1464 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1465 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1466 		 * of retransmit time.
1467 		 */
1468 timer:
1469 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1470 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1471 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1472 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1473 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1474 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1475 			}
1476 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1477 		} else if (len == 0 && sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
1478 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1479 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1480 			/*
1481 			 * Avoid a situation where we do not set persist timer
1482 			 * after a zero window condition. For example:
1483 			 * 1) A -> B: packet with enough data to fill the window
1484 			 * 2) B -> A: ACK for #1 + new data (0 window
1485 			 *    advertisement)
1486 			 * 3) A -> B: ACK for #2, 0 len packet
1487 			 *
1488 			 * In this case, A will not activate the persist timer,
1489 			 * because it chose to send a packet. Unless tcp_output
1490 			 * is called for some other reason (delayed ack timer,
1491 			 * another input packet from B, socket syscall), A will
1492 			 * not send zero window probes.
1493 			 *
1494 			 * So, if you send a 0-length packet, but there is data
1495 			 * in the socket buffer, and neither the rexmt or
1496 			 * persist timer is already set, then activate the
1497 			 * persist timer.
1498 			 */
1499 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1500 			tcp_setpersist(tp);
1501 		}
1502 	} else {
1503 		/*
1504 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1505 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1506 		 */
1507 		int xlen = len;
1508 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1509 			++xlen;
1510 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1511 			++xlen;
1512 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1513 		}
1514 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1515 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + len;
1516 	}
1517 
1518 	if (error) {
1519 
1520 		/*
1521 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1522 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1523 		 *
1524 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1525 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1526 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1527 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1528 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1529 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1530 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1531 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1532 		 */
1533 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1534 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1535 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1536 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1537 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1538 				p->rxmit -= len;
1539 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1540 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1541 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1542 			} else
1543 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1544 		}
1545 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1546 		switch (error) {
1547 		case EPERM:
1548 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1549 			return (error);
1550 		case ENOBUFS:
1551 	                if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1552 			    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1553 	                        tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1554 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1555 			return (0);
1556 		case EMSGSIZE:
1557 			/*
1558 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1559 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1560 			 * its MTU.
1561 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1562 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1563 			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1564 			 * it and try again.
1565 			 */
1566 			if (tso)
1567 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1568 			if (mtu != 0) {
1569 				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1570 				goto again;
1571 			}
1572 			return (error);
1573 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1574 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1575 		case ENETDOWN:
1576 		case ENETUNREACH:
1577 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1578 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1579 				return (0);
1580 			}
1581 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1582 		default:
1583 			return (error);
1584 		}
1585 	}
1586 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1587 
1588 	/*
1589 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1590 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1591 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1592 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1593 	 */
1594 	if (recwin >= 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1595 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1596 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1597 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1598 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1599 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1600 #if 0
1601 	/*
1602 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1603 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1604 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1605 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1606 	 */
1607 	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1608 		goto again;
1609 #endif
1610 	if (sendalot)
1611 		goto again;
1612 	return (0);
1613 }
1614 
1615 void
1616 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1617 {
1618 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1619 	int tt;
1620 
1621 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1622 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1623 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1624 	/*
1625 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1626 	 */
1627 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1628 		      TCPTV_PERSMIN, TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1629 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1630 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1631 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1632 }
1633 
1634 /*
1635  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1636  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1637  *
1638  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1639  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1640  *
1641  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1642  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1643  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1644  *
1645  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1646  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1647  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1648  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1649  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1650  */
1651 int
1652 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1653 {
1654 	u_int mask, optlen = 0;
1655 
1656 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1657 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1658 			continue;
1659 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1660 			break;
1661 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1662 		case TOF_MSS:
1663 			while (optlen % 4) {
1664 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1665 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1666 			}
1667 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1668 				continue;
1669 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1670 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1671 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1672 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1673 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1674 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1675 			break;
1676 		case TOF_SCALE:
1677 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1678 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1679 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1680 			}
1681 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1682 				continue;
1683 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1684 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1685 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1686 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1687 			break;
1688 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1689 			while (optlen % 2) {
1690 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1691 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1692 			}
1693 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1694 				continue;
1695 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1696 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1697 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1698 			break;
1699 		case TOF_TS:
1700 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1701 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1702 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1703 			}
1704 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1705 				continue;
1706 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1707 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1708 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1709 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1710 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1711 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1712 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1713 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1714 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1715 			break;
1716 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1717 			{
1718 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1719 
1720 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1721 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1722 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1723 			}
1724 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE)
1725 				continue;
1726 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1727 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1728 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1729 			to->to_signature = optp;
1730 			while (siglen--)
1731 				 *optp++ = 0;
1732 			break;
1733 			}
1734 		case TOF_SACK:
1735 			{
1736 			int sackblks = 0;
1737 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1738 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1739 
1740 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1741 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1742 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1743 			}
1744 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1745 				continue;
1746 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1747 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1748 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1749 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1750 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1751 			while (sackblks--) {
1752 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1753 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1754 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1755 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1756 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1757 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1758 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1759 				sack++;
1760 			}
1761 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1762 			break;
1763 			}
1764 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
1765 		case TOF_FASTOPEN:
1766 			{
1767 			int total_len;
1768 
1769 			/* XXX is there any point to aligning this option? */
1770 			total_len = TCPOLEN_FAST_OPEN_EMPTY + to->to_tfo_len;
1771 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < total_len)
1772 				continue;
1773 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_FAST_OPEN;
1774 			*optp++ = total_len;
1775 			if (to->to_tfo_len > 0) {
1776 				bcopy(to->to_tfo_cookie, optp, to->to_tfo_len);
1777 				optp += to->to_tfo_len;
1778 			}
1779 			optlen += total_len;
1780 			break;
1781 			}
1782 #endif
1783 		default:
1784 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1785 			break;
1786 		}
1787 	}
1788 
1789 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1790 	if (optlen % 4) {
1791 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1792 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1793 	}
1794 	/*
1795 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1796 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1797 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1798 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1799 	 */
1800 	while (optlen % 4) {
1801 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1802 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1803 	}
1804 
1805 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1806 	return (optlen);
1807 }
1808