1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Lawrence Stewart <lstewart@freebsd.org> 3 * Copyright (c) 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation 4 * All rights reserved. 5 * 6 * This software was developed by Lawrence Stewart while studying at the Centre 7 * for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, made 8 * possible in part by a grant from the Cisco University Research Program Fund 9 * at Community Foundation Silicon Valley. 10 * 11 * Portions of this software were developed at the Centre for Advanced 12 * Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, 13 * Australia by David Hayes under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation. 14 * 15 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 16 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 17 * are met: 18 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 19 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 20 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 21 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 22 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 /* 38 * An implementation of the CUBIC congestion control algorithm for FreeBSD, 39 * based on the Internet Draft "draft-rhee-tcpm-cubic-02" by Rhee, Xu and Ha. 40 * Originally released as part of the NewTCP research project at Swinburne 41 * University of Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, 42 * Melbourne, Australia, which was made possible in part by a grant from the 43 * Cisco University Research Program Fund at Community Foundation Silicon 44 * Valley. More details are available at: 45 * http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/ 46 */ 47 48 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 49 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 50 51 #include <sys/param.h> 52 #include <sys/kernel.h> 53 #include <sys/malloc.h> 54 #include <sys/module.h> 55 #include <sys/socket.h> 56 #include <sys/socketvar.h> 57 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 58 #include <sys/systm.h> 59 60 #include <net/vnet.h> 61 62 #include <netinet/tcp.h> 63 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h> 64 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h> 65 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h> 66 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h> 67 #include <netinet/cc/cc_cubic.h> 68 #include <netinet/cc/cc_module.h> 69 70 static void cubic_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, uint16_t type); 71 static void cubic_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv); 72 static int cubic_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv); 73 static void cubic_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t type); 74 static void cubic_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv); 75 static int cubic_mod_init(void); 76 static void cubic_post_recovery(struct cc_var *ccv); 77 static void cubic_record_rtt(struct cc_var *ccv); 78 static void cubic_ssthresh_update(struct cc_var *ccv); 79 80 struct cubic { 81 /* Cubic K in fixed point form with CUBIC_SHIFT worth of precision. */ 82 int64_t K; 83 /* Sum of RTT samples across an epoch in ticks. */ 84 int64_t sum_rtt_ticks; 85 /* cwnd at the most recent congestion event. */ 86 unsigned long max_cwnd; 87 /* cwnd at the previous congestion event. */ 88 unsigned long prev_max_cwnd; 89 /* Number of congestion events. */ 90 uint32_t num_cong_events; 91 /* Minimum observed rtt in ticks. */ 92 int min_rtt_ticks; 93 /* Mean observed rtt between congestion epochs. */ 94 int mean_rtt_ticks; 95 /* ACKs since last congestion event. */ 96 int epoch_ack_count; 97 /* Time of last congestion event in ticks. */ 98 int t_last_cong; 99 }; 100 101 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_CUBIC, "cubic data", 102 "Per connection data required for the CUBIC congestion control algorithm"); 103 104 struct cc_algo cubic_cc_algo = { 105 .name = "cubic", 106 .ack_received = cubic_ack_received, 107 .cb_destroy = cubic_cb_destroy, 108 .cb_init = cubic_cb_init, 109 .cong_signal = cubic_cong_signal, 110 .conn_init = cubic_conn_init, 111 .mod_init = cubic_mod_init, 112 .post_recovery = cubic_post_recovery, 113 }; 114 115 static void 116 cubic_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, uint16_t type) 117 { 118 struct cubic *cubic_data; 119 unsigned long w_tf, w_cubic_next; 120 int ticks_since_cong; 121 122 cubic_data = ccv->cc_data; 123 cubic_record_rtt(ccv); 124 125 /* 126 * Regular ACK and we're not in cong/fast recovery and we're cwnd 127 * limited and we're either not doing ABC or are slow starting or are 128 * doing ABC and we've sent a cwnd's worth of bytes. 129 */ 130 if (type == CC_ACK && !IN_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)) && 131 (ccv->flags & CCF_CWND_LIMITED) && (!V_tcp_do_rfc3465 || 132 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) <= CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) || 133 (V_tcp_do_rfc3465 && ccv->flags & CCF_ABC_SENTAWND))) { 134 /* Use the logic in NewReno ack_received() for slow start. */ 135 if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) <= CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) || 136 cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks == TCPTV_SRTTBASE) 137 newreno_cc_algo.ack_received(ccv, type); 138 else { 139 ticks_since_cong = ticks - cubic_data->t_last_cong; 140 141 /* 142 * The mean RTT is used to best reflect the equations in 143 * the I-D. Using min_rtt in the tf_cwnd calculation 144 * causes w_tf to grow much faster than it should if the 145 * RTT is dominated by network buffering rather than 146 * propagation delay. 147 */ 148 w_tf = tf_cwnd(ticks_since_cong, 149 cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks, cubic_data->max_cwnd, 150 CCV(ccv, t_maxseg)); 151 152 w_cubic_next = cubic_cwnd(ticks_since_cong + 153 cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks, cubic_data->max_cwnd, 154 CCV(ccv, t_maxseg), cubic_data->K); 155 156 ccv->flags &= ~CCF_ABC_SENTAWND; 157 158 if (w_cubic_next < w_tf) 159 /* 160 * TCP-friendly region, follow tf 161 * cwnd growth. 162 */ 163 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = w_tf; 164 165 else if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) < w_cubic_next) { 166 /* 167 * Concave or convex region, follow CUBIC 168 * cwnd growth. 169 */ 170 if (V_tcp_do_rfc3465) 171 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = w_cubic_next; 172 else 173 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) += ((w_cubic_next - 174 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd)) * 175 CCV(ccv, t_maxseg)) / 176 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd); 177 } 178 179 /* 180 * If we're not in slow start and we're probing for a 181 * new cwnd limit at the start of a connection 182 * (happens when hostcache has a relevant entry), 183 * keep updating our current estimate of the 184 * max_cwnd. 185 */ 186 if (cubic_data->num_cong_events == 0 && 187 cubic_data->max_cwnd < CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd)) 188 cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd); 189 } 190 } 191 } 192 193 static void 194 cubic_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv) 195 { 196 197 if (ccv->cc_data != NULL) 198 free(ccv->cc_data, M_CUBIC); 199 } 200 201 static int 202 cubic_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv) 203 { 204 struct cubic *cubic_data; 205 206 cubic_data = malloc(sizeof(struct cubic), M_CUBIC, M_NOWAIT|M_ZERO); 207 208 if (cubic_data == NULL) 209 return (ENOMEM); 210 211 /* Init some key variables with sensible defaults. */ 212 cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks; 213 cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks = TCPTV_SRTTBASE; 214 cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks = 1; 215 216 ccv->cc_data = cubic_data; 217 218 return (0); 219 } 220 221 /* 222 * Perform any necessary tasks before we enter congestion recovery. 223 */ 224 static void 225 cubic_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t type) 226 { 227 struct cubic *cubic_data; 228 229 cubic_data = ccv->cc_data; 230 231 switch (type) { 232 case CC_NDUPACK: 233 if (!IN_FASTRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) { 234 if (!IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) { 235 cubic_ssthresh_update(ccv); 236 cubic_data->num_cong_events++; 237 cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd = cubic_data->max_cwnd; 238 cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd); 239 } 240 ENTER_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)); 241 } 242 break; 243 244 case CC_ECN: 245 if (!IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) { 246 cubic_ssthresh_update(ccv); 247 cubic_data->num_cong_events++; 248 cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd = cubic_data->max_cwnd; 249 cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd); 250 cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks; 251 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh); 252 ENTER_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)); 253 } 254 break; 255 256 case CC_RTO: 257 /* 258 * Grab the current time and record it so we know when the 259 * most recent congestion event was. Only record it when the 260 * timeout has fired more than once, as there is a reasonable 261 * chance the first one is a false alarm and may not indicate 262 * congestion. 263 */ 264 if (CCV(ccv, t_rxtshift) >= 2) { 265 cubic_data->num_cong_events++; 266 cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks; 267 } 268 break; 269 } 270 } 271 272 static void 273 cubic_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv) 274 { 275 struct cubic *cubic_data; 276 277 cubic_data = ccv->cc_data; 278 279 /* 280 * Ensure we have a sane initial value for max_cwnd recorded. Without 281 * this here bad things happen when entries from the TCP hostcache 282 * get used. 283 */ 284 cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd); 285 } 286 287 static int 288 cubic_mod_init(void) 289 { 290 291 cubic_cc_algo.after_idle = newreno_cc_algo.after_idle; 292 293 return (0); 294 } 295 296 /* 297 * Perform any necessary tasks before we exit congestion recovery. 298 */ 299 static void 300 cubic_post_recovery(struct cc_var *ccv) 301 { 302 struct cubic *cubic_data; 303 int pipe; 304 305 cubic_data = ccv->cc_data; 306 pipe = 0; 307 308 /* Fast convergence heuristic. */ 309 if (cubic_data->max_cwnd < cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd) 310 cubic_data->max_cwnd = (cubic_data->max_cwnd * CUBIC_FC_FACTOR) 311 >> CUBIC_SHIFT; 312 313 if (IN_FASTRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) { 314 /* 315 * If inflight data is less than ssthresh, set cwnd 316 * conservatively to avoid a burst of data, as suggested in 317 * the NewReno RFC. Otherwise, use the CUBIC method. 318 * 319 * XXXLAS: Find a way to do this without needing curack 320 */ 321 if (V_tcp_do_rfc6675_pipe) 322 pipe = tcp_compute_pipe(ccv->ccvc.tcp); 323 else 324 pipe = CCV(ccv, snd_max) - ccv->curack; 325 326 if (pipe < CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh)) 327 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = pipe + CCV(ccv, t_maxseg); 328 else 329 /* Update cwnd based on beta and adjusted max_cwnd. */ 330 CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = max(1, ((CUBIC_BETA * 331 cubic_data->max_cwnd) >> CUBIC_SHIFT)); 332 } 333 cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks; 334 335 /* Calculate the average RTT between congestion epochs. */ 336 if (cubic_data->epoch_ack_count > 0 && 337 cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks >= cubic_data->epoch_ack_count) { 338 cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks = (int)(cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks / 339 cubic_data->epoch_ack_count); 340 } 341 342 cubic_data->epoch_ack_count = 0; 343 cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks = 0; 344 cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd / CCV(ccv, t_maxseg)); 345 } 346 347 /* 348 * Record the min RTT and sum samples for the epoch average RTT calculation. 349 */ 350 static void 351 cubic_record_rtt(struct cc_var *ccv) 352 { 353 struct cubic *cubic_data; 354 int t_srtt_ticks; 355 356 /* Ignore srtt until a min number of samples have been taken. */ 357 if (CCV(ccv, t_rttupdated) >= CUBIC_MIN_RTT_SAMPLES) { 358 cubic_data = ccv->cc_data; 359 t_srtt_ticks = CCV(ccv, t_srtt) / TCP_RTT_SCALE; 360 361 /* 362 * Record the current SRTT as our minrtt if it's the smallest 363 * we've seen or minrtt is currently equal to its initialised 364 * value. 365 * 366 * XXXLAS: Should there be some hysteresis for minrtt? 367 */ 368 if ((t_srtt_ticks < cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks || 369 cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks == TCPTV_SRTTBASE)) { 370 cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks = max(1, t_srtt_ticks); 371 372 /* 373 * If the connection is within its first congestion 374 * epoch, ensure we prime mean_rtt_ticks with a 375 * reasonable value until the epoch average RTT is 376 * calculated in cubic_post_recovery(). 377 */ 378 if (cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks > 379 cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks) 380 cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks = 381 cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks; 382 } 383 384 /* Sum samples for epoch average RTT calculation. */ 385 cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks += t_srtt_ticks; 386 cubic_data->epoch_ack_count++; 387 } 388 } 389 390 /* 391 * Update the ssthresh in the event of congestion. 392 */ 393 static void 394 cubic_ssthresh_update(struct cc_var *ccv) 395 { 396 struct cubic *cubic_data; 397 398 cubic_data = ccv->cc_data; 399 400 /* 401 * On the first congestion event, set ssthresh to cwnd * 0.5, on 402 * subsequent congestion events, set it to cwnd * beta. 403 */ 404 if (cubic_data->num_cong_events == 0) 405 CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) >> 1; 406 else 407 CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = ((u_long)CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) * 408 CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT; 409 } 410 411 412 DECLARE_CC_MODULE(cubic, &cubic_cc_algo); 413