xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/cc/cc_cubic.c (revision a9696510f5caef4a7c525fcf4359597798829350)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Lawrence Stewart <lstewart@freebsd.org>
5  * Copyright (c) 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This software was developed by Lawrence Stewart while studying at the Centre
9  * for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, made
10  * possible in part by a grant from the Cisco University Research Program Fund
11  * at Community Foundation Silicon Valley.
12  *
13  * Portions of this software were developed at the Centre for Advanced
14  * Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne,
15  * Australia by David Hayes under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
16  *
17  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
19  * are met:
20  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 /*
40  * An implementation of the CUBIC congestion control algorithm for FreeBSD,
41  * based on the Internet Draft "draft-rhee-tcpm-cubic-02" by Rhee, Xu and Ha.
42  * Originally released as part of the NewTCP research project at Swinburne
43  * University of Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures,
44  * Melbourne, Australia, which was made possible in part by a grant from the
45  * Cisco University Research Program Fund at Community Foundation Silicon
46  * Valley. More details are available at:
47  *   http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/
48  */
49 
50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/kernel.h>
55 #include <sys/limits.h>
56 #include <sys/malloc.h>
57 #include <sys/module.h>
58 #include <sys/socket.h>
59 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
60 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
61 #include <sys/systm.h>
62 
63 #include <net/vnet.h>
64 
65 #include <net/route.h>
66 #include <net/route/nhop.h>
67 
68 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
69 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
70 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
71 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
72 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
73 #include <netinet/tcp_log_buf.h>
74 #include <netinet/tcp_hpts.h>
75 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
76 #include <netinet/cc/cc_cubic.h>
77 #include <netinet/cc/cc_module.h>
78 
79 static void	cubic_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, uint16_t type);
80 static void	cubic_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv);
81 static int	cubic_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv, void *ptr);
82 static void	cubic_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t type);
83 static void	cubic_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv);
84 static int	cubic_mod_init(void);
85 static void	cubic_post_recovery(struct cc_var *ccv);
86 static void	cubic_record_rtt(struct cc_var *ccv);
87 static void	cubic_ssthresh_update(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t maxseg);
88 static void	cubic_after_idle(struct cc_var *ccv);
89 static size_t	cubic_data_sz(void);
90 static void	cubic_newround(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t round_cnt);
91 static void	cubic_rttsample(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t usec_rtt,
92        uint32_t rxtcnt, uint32_t fas);
93 
94 struct cc_algo cubic_cc_algo = {
95 	.name = "cubic",
96 	.ack_received = cubic_ack_received,
97 	.cb_destroy = cubic_cb_destroy,
98 	.cb_init = cubic_cb_init,
99 	.cong_signal = cubic_cong_signal,
100 	.conn_init = cubic_conn_init,
101 	.mod_init = cubic_mod_init,
102 	.post_recovery = cubic_post_recovery,
103 	.after_idle = cubic_after_idle,
104 	.cc_data_sz = cubic_data_sz,
105 	.rttsample = cubic_rttsample,
106 	.newround = cubic_newround
107 };
108 
109 static void
110 cubic_log_hystart_event(struct cc_var *ccv, struct cubic *cubicd, uint8_t mod, uint32_t flex1)
111 {
112 	/*
113 	 * Types of logs (mod value)
114 	 * 1 - rtt_thresh in flex1, checking to see if RTT is to great.
115 	 * 2 - rtt is too great, rtt_thresh in flex1.
116 	 * 3 - CSS is active incr in flex1
117 	 * 4 - A new round is beginning flex1 is round count
118 	 * 5 - A new RTT measurement flex1 is the new measurement.
119 	 * 6 - We enter CA ssthresh is also in flex1.
120 	 * 7 - Socket option to change hystart executed opt.val in flex1.
121 	 * 8 - Back out of CSS into SS, flex1 is the css_baseline_minrtt
122 	 * 9 - We enter CA, via an ECN mark.
123 	 * 10 - We enter CA, via a loss.
124 	 * 11 - We have slipped out of SS into CA via cwnd growth.
125 	 * 12 - After idle has re-enabled hystart++
126 	 */
127 	struct tcpcb *tp;
128 
129 	if (hystart_bblogs == 0)
130 		return;
131 	tp = ccv->ccvc.tcp;
132 	if (tp->t_logstate != TCP_LOG_STATE_OFF) {
133 		union tcp_log_stackspecific log;
134 		struct timeval tv;
135 
136 		memset(&log, 0, sizeof(log));
137 		log.u_bbr.flex1 = flex1;
138 		log.u_bbr.flex2 = cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt;
139 		log.u_bbr.flex3 = cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt;
140 		log.u_bbr.flex4 = cubicd->css_rttsample_count;
141 		log.u_bbr.flex5 = cubicd->css_entered_at_round;
142 		log.u_bbr.flex6 = cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt;
143 		/* We only need bottom 16 bits of flags */
144 		log.u_bbr.flex7 = cubicd->flags & 0x0000ffff;
145 		log.u_bbr.flex8 = mod;
146 		log.u_bbr.epoch = cubicd->css_current_round;
147 		log.u_bbr.timeStamp = tcp_get_usecs(&tv);
148 		log.u_bbr.lt_epoch = cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry;
149 		log.u_bbr.pkts_out = cubicd->css_last_fas;
150 		log.u_bbr.delivered = cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas;
151 		log.u_bbr.pkt_epoch = ccv->flags;
152 		TCP_LOG_EVENTP(tp, NULL,
153 		    &tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_rcv,
154 		    &tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_snd,
155 		    TCP_HYSTART, 0,
156 		    0, &log, false, &tv);
157 	}
158 }
159 
160 static void
161 cubic_does_slow_start(struct cc_var *ccv, struct cubic *cubicd)
162 {
163 	/*
164 	 * In slow-start with ABC enabled and no RTO in sight?
165 	 * (Must not use abc_l_var > 1 if slow starting after
166 	 * an RTO. On RTO, snd_nxt = snd_una, so the
167 	 * snd_nxt == snd_max check is sufficient to
168 	 * handle this).
169 	 *
170 	 * XXXLAS: Find a way to signal SS after RTO that
171 	 * doesn't rely on tcpcb vars.
172 	 */
173 	u_int cw = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
174 	u_int incr = CCV(ccv, t_maxseg);
175 	uint16_t abc_val;
176 
177 	cubicd->flags |= CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART;
178 	if (ccv->flags & CCF_USE_LOCAL_ABC)
179 		abc_val = ccv->labc;
180 	else
181 		abc_val = V_tcp_abc_l_var;
182 	if ((ccv->flags & CCF_HYSTART_ALLOWED) &&
183 	    (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) &&
184 	    ((cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) == 0)) {
185 		/*
186 		 * Hystart is allowed and still enabled and we are not yet
187 		 * in CSS. Lets check to see if we can make a decision on
188 		 * if we need to go into CSS.
189 		 */
190 		if ((cubicd->css_rttsample_count >= hystart_n_rttsamples) &&
191 		    (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt != 0xffffffff) &&
192 		    (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt != 0xffffffff)) {
193 			uint32_t rtt_thresh;
194 
195 			/* Clamp (minrtt_thresh, lastround/8, maxrtt_thresh) */
196 			rtt_thresh = (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt >> 3);
197 			if (rtt_thresh < hystart_minrtt_thresh)
198 				rtt_thresh = hystart_minrtt_thresh;
199 			if (rtt_thresh > hystart_maxrtt_thresh)
200 				rtt_thresh = hystart_maxrtt_thresh;
201 			cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 1, rtt_thresh);
202 
203 			if (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt >= (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt + rtt_thresh)) {
204 				/* Enter CSS */
205 				cubicd->flags |= CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
206 				cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry = cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas;
207 				/*
208 				 * The draft (v4) calls for us to set baseline to css_current_round_min
209 				 * but that can cause an oscillation. We probably shoudl be using
210 				 * css_lastround_minrtt, but the authors insist that will cause
211 				 * issues on exiting early. We will leave the draft version for now
212 				 * but I suspect this is incorrect.
213 				 */
214 				cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt = cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt;
215 				cubicd->css_entered_at_round = cubicd->css_current_round;
216 				cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 2, rtt_thresh);
217 			}
218 		}
219 	}
220 	if (CCV(ccv, snd_nxt) == CCV(ccv, snd_max))
221 		incr = min(ccv->bytes_this_ack,
222 			   ccv->nsegs * abc_val *
223 			   CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
224 	else
225 		incr = min(ccv->bytes_this_ack, CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
226 
227 	/* Only if Hystart is enabled will the flag get set */
228 	if (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) {
229 		incr /= hystart_css_growth_div;
230 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 3, incr);
231 	}
232 	/* ABC is on by default, so incr equals 0 frequently. */
233 	if (incr > 0)
234 		CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = min((cw + incr),
235 					 TCP_MAXWIN << CCV(ccv, snd_scale));
236 }
237 
238 static void
239 cubic_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, uint16_t type)
240 {
241 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
242 	unsigned long w_tf, w_cubic_next;
243 	int ticks_since_cong;
244 
245 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
246 	cubic_record_rtt(ccv);
247 
248 	/*
249 	 * For a regular ACK and we're not in cong/fast recovery and
250 	 * we're cwnd limited, always recalculate cwnd.
251 	 */
252 	if (type == CC_ACK && !IN_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)) &&
253 	    (ccv->flags & CCF_CWND_LIMITED)) {
254 		 /* Use the logic in NewReno ack_received() for slow start. */
255 		if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) <= CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) ||
256 		    cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks == TCPTV_SRTTBASE) {
257 			cubic_does_slow_start(ccv, cubic_data);
258 		} else {
259 			if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) {
260 				/*
261 				 * We have slipped into CA with
262 				 * CSS active. Deactivate all.
263 				 */
264 				/* Turn off the CSS flag */
265 				cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
266 				/* Disable use of CSS in the future except long idle  */
267 				cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
268 				cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 11, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
269 			}
270 			if ((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT) &&
271 			    (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART)) {
272 				/* RFC8312 Section 4.7 */
273 				cubic_data->flags &= ~(CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT |
274 						       CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART);
275 				cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
276 				cubic_data->K = 0;
277 			} else if (cubic_data->flags & (CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART |
278 						 CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT)) {
279 				cubic_data->flags &= ~(CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART |
280 						       CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT);
281 				cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks;
282 				cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd /
283 							CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
284 			}
285 			if ((ticks_since_cong =
286 			    ticks - cubic_data->t_last_cong) < 0) {
287 				/*
288 				 * dragging t_last_cong along
289 				 */
290 				ticks_since_cong = INT_MAX;
291 				cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks - INT_MAX;
292 			}
293 			/*
294 			 * The mean RTT is used to best reflect the equations in
295 			 * the I-D. Using min_rtt in the tf_cwnd calculation
296 			 * causes w_tf to grow much faster than it should if the
297 			 * RTT is dominated by network buffering rather than
298 			 * propagation delay.
299 			 */
300 			w_tf = tf_cwnd(ticks_since_cong,
301 			    cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks, cubic_data->max_cwnd,
302 			    CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
303 
304 			w_cubic_next = cubic_cwnd(ticks_since_cong +
305 			    cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks, cubic_data->max_cwnd,
306 			    CCV(ccv, t_maxseg), cubic_data->K);
307 
308 			ccv->flags &= ~CCF_ABC_SENTAWND;
309 
310 			if (w_cubic_next < w_tf) {
311 				/*
312 				 * TCP-friendly region, follow tf
313 				 * cwnd growth.
314 				 */
315 				if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) < w_tf)
316 					CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = ulmin(w_tf, INT_MAX);
317 			} else if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) < w_cubic_next) {
318 				/*
319 				 * Concave or convex region, follow CUBIC
320 				 * cwnd growth.
321 				 * Only update snd_cwnd, if it doesn't shrink.
322 				 */
323 				CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = ulmin(w_cubic_next,
324 				    INT_MAX);
325 			}
326 
327 			/*
328 			 * If we're not in slow start and we're probing for a
329 			 * new cwnd limit at the start of a connection
330 			 * (happens when hostcache has a relevant entry),
331 			 * keep updating our current estimate of the
332 			 * max_cwnd.
333 			 */
334 			if (((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT) == 0) &&
335 			    cubic_data->max_cwnd < CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd)) {
336 				cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
337 				cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd /
338 				    CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
339 			}
340 		}
341 	} else if (type == CC_ACK && !IN_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)) &&
342 	    !(ccv->flags & CCF_CWND_LIMITED)) {
343 		cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT;
344 	}
345 }
346 
347 /*
348  * This is a Cubic specific implementation of after_idle.
349  *   - Reset cwnd by calling New Reno implementation of after_idle.
350  *   - Reset t_last_cong.
351  */
352 static void
353 cubic_after_idle(struct cc_var *ccv)
354 {
355 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
356 
357 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
358 
359 	cubic_data->max_cwnd = ulmax(cubic_data->max_cwnd, CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd));
360 	cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd / CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
361 	if ((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) == 0) {
362 		/*
363 		 * Re-enable hystart if we have been idle.
364 		 */
365 		cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
366 		cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
367 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 12, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
368 	}
369 	newreno_cc_after_idle(ccv);
370 	cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks;
371 }
372 
373 static void
374 cubic_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv)
375 {
376 	free(ccv->cc_data, M_CC_MEM);
377 }
378 
379 static size_t
380 cubic_data_sz(void)
381 {
382 	return (sizeof(struct cubic));
383 }
384 
385 static int
386 cubic_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv, void *ptr)
387 {
388 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
389 
390 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(ccv->ccvc.tcp->t_inpcb);
391 	if (ptr == NULL) {
392 		cubic_data = malloc(sizeof(struct cubic), M_CC_MEM, M_NOWAIT|M_ZERO);
393 		if (cubic_data == NULL)
394 			return (ENOMEM);
395 	} else
396 		cubic_data = ptr;
397 
398 	/* Init some key variables with sensible defaults. */
399 	cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks;
400 	cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks = TCPTV_SRTTBASE;
401 	cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks = 1;
402 
403 	ccv->cc_data = cubic_data;
404 	cubic_data->flags = CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
405 	/* At init set both to infinity */
406 	cubic_data->css_lastround_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
407 	cubic_data->css_current_round_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
408 	cubic_data->css_current_round = 0;
409 	cubic_data->css_baseline_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
410 	cubic_data->css_rttsample_count = 0;
411 	cubic_data->css_entered_at_round = 0;
412 	cubic_data->css_fas_at_css_entry = 0;
413 	cubic_data->css_lowrtt_fas = 0;
414 	cubic_data->css_last_fas = 0;
415 
416 	return (0);
417 }
418 
419 /*
420  * Perform any necessary tasks before we enter congestion recovery.
421  */
422 static void
423 cubic_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t type)
424 {
425 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
426 	u_int mss;
427 
428 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
429 	mss = tcp_maxseg(ccv->ccvc.tcp);
430 
431 	switch (type) {
432 	case CC_NDUPACK:
433 		if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) {
434 			/* Make sure the flags are all off we had a loss */
435 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
436 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
437 			cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 10, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
438 		}
439 		if (!IN_FASTRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
440 			if (!IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
441 				cubic_ssthresh_update(ccv, mss);
442 				cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT;
443 				cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks;
444 				cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd / mss);
445 			}
446 			ENTER_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags));
447 		}
448 		break;
449 
450 	case CC_ECN:
451 		if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) {
452 			/* Make sure the flags are all off we had a loss */
453 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
454 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
455 			cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 9, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
456 		}
457 		if (!IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
458 			cubic_ssthresh_update(ccv, mss);
459 			cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT;
460 			cubic_data->t_last_cong = ticks;
461 			cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd / mss);
462 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh);
463 			ENTER_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags));
464 		}
465 		break;
466 
467 	case CC_RTO:
468 		/* RFC8312 Section 4.7 */
469 		if (CCV(ccv, t_rxtshift) == 1) {
470 			cubic_data->t_last_cong_prev = cubic_data->t_last_cong;
471 			cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd_cp = cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd;
472 		}
473 		cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT | CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT;
474 		cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd = cubic_data->max_cwnd;
475 		CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = ((uint64_t)CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) *
476 					  CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
477 		CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = mss;
478 		break;
479 
480 	case CC_RTO_ERR:
481 		cubic_data->flags &= ~(CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT | CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT);
482 		cubic_data->max_cwnd = cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd;
483 		cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd = cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd_cp;
484 		cubic_data->t_last_cong = cubic_data->t_last_cong_prev;
485 		cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->max_cwnd / mss);
486 		break;
487 	}
488 }
489 
490 static void
491 cubic_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv)
492 {
493 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
494 
495 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
496 
497 	/*
498 	 * Ensure we have a sane initial value for max_cwnd recorded. Without
499 	 * this here bad things happen when entries from the TCP hostcache
500 	 * get used.
501 	 */
502 	cubic_data->max_cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
503 }
504 
505 static int
506 cubic_mod_init(void)
507 {
508 	return (0);
509 }
510 
511 /*
512  * Perform any necessary tasks before we exit congestion recovery.
513  */
514 static void
515 cubic_post_recovery(struct cc_var *ccv)
516 {
517 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
518 	int pipe;
519 
520 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
521 	pipe = 0;
522 
523 	if (IN_FASTRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
524 		/*
525 		 * If inflight data is less than ssthresh, set cwnd
526 		 * conservatively to avoid a burst of data, as suggested in
527 		 * the NewReno RFC. Otherwise, use the CUBIC method.
528 		 *
529 		 * XXXLAS: Find a way to do this without needing curack
530 		 */
531 		if (V_tcp_do_newsack)
532 			pipe = tcp_compute_pipe(ccv->ccvc.tcp);
533 		else
534 			pipe = CCV(ccv, snd_max) - ccv->curack;
535 
536 		if (pipe < CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh))
537 			/*
538 			 * Ensure that cwnd does not collapse to 1 MSS under
539 			 * adverse conditions. Implements RFC6582
540 			 */
541 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = max(pipe, CCV(ccv, t_maxseg)) +
542 			    CCV(ccv, t_maxseg);
543 		else
544 			/* Update cwnd based on beta and adjusted max_cwnd. */
545 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = max(((uint64_t)cubic_data->max_cwnd *
546 			    CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT,
547 			    2 * CCV(ccv, t_maxseg));
548 	}
549 
550 	/* Calculate the average RTT between congestion epochs. */
551 	if (cubic_data->epoch_ack_count > 0 &&
552 	    cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks >= cubic_data->epoch_ack_count) {
553 		cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks = (int)(cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks /
554 		    cubic_data->epoch_ack_count);
555 	}
556 
557 	cubic_data->epoch_ack_count = 0;
558 	cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks = 0;
559 }
560 
561 /*
562  * Record the min RTT and sum samples for the epoch average RTT calculation.
563  */
564 static void
565 cubic_record_rtt(struct cc_var *ccv)
566 {
567 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
568 	int t_srtt_ticks;
569 
570 	/* Ignore srtt until a min number of samples have been taken. */
571 	if (CCV(ccv, t_rttupdated) >= CUBIC_MIN_RTT_SAMPLES) {
572 		cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
573 		t_srtt_ticks = CCV(ccv, t_srtt) / TCP_RTT_SCALE;
574 
575 		/*
576 		 * Record the current SRTT as our minrtt if it's the smallest
577 		 * we've seen or minrtt is currently equal to its initialised
578 		 * value.
579 		 *
580 		 * XXXLAS: Should there be some hysteresis for minrtt?
581 		 */
582 		if ((t_srtt_ticks < cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks ||
583 		    cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks == TCPTV_SRTTBASE)) {
584 			cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks = max(1, t_srtt_ticks);
585 
586 			/*
587 			 * If the connection is within its first congestion
588 			 * epoch, ensure we prime mean_rtt_ticks with a
589 			 * reasonable value until the epoch average RTT is
590 			 * calculated in cubic_post_recovery().
591 			 */
592 			if (cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks >
593 			    cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks)
594 				cubic_data->mean_rtt_ticks =
595 				    cubic_data->min_rtt_ticks;
596 		}
597 
598 		/* Sum samples for epoch average RTT calculation. */
599 		cubic_data->sum_rtt_ticks += t_srtt_ticks;
600 		cubic_data->epoch_ack_count++;
601 	}
602 }
603 
604 /*
605  * Update the ssthresh in the event of congestion.
606  */
607 static void
608 cubic_ssthresh_update(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t maxseg)
609 {
610 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
611 	uint32_t ssthresh;
612 	uint32_t cwnd;
613 
614 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
615 	cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
616 
617 	/* Fast convergence heuristic. */
618 	if (cwnd < cubic_data->max_cwnd) {
619 		cwnd = ((uint64_t)cwnd * CUBIC_FC_FACTOR) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
620 	}
621 	cubic_data->prev_max_cwnd = cubic_data->max_cwnd;
622 	cubic_data->max_cwnd = cwnd;
623 
624 	/*
625 	 * On the first congestion event, set ssthresh to cwnd * 0.5
626 	 * and reduce max_cwnd to cwnd * beta. This aligns the cubic concave
627 	 * region appropriately. On subsequent congestion events, set
628 	 * ssthresh to cwnd * beta.
629 	 */
630 	if ((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT) == 0) {
631 		ssthresh = cwnd >> 1;
632 		cubic_data->max_cwnd = ((uint64_t)cwnd *
633 		    CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
634 	} else {
635 		ssthresh = ((uint64_t)cwnd *
636 		    CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
637 	}
638 	CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = max(ssthresh, 2 * maxseg);
639 }
640 
641 static void
642 cubic_rttsample(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t usec_rtt, uint32_t rxtcnt, uint32_t fas)
643 {
644 	struct cubic *cubicd;
645 
646 	cubicd = ccv->cc_data;
647 	if (rxtcnt > 1) {
648 		/*
649 		 * Only look at RTT's that are non-ambiguous.
650 		 */
651 		return;
652 	}
653 	cubicd->css_rttsample_count++;
654 	cubicd->css_last_fas = fas;
655 	if (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt > usec_rtt) {
656 		cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt = usec_rtt;
657 		cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas = cubicd->css_last_fas;
658 	}
659 	if ((cubicd->css_rttsample_count >= hystart_n_rttsamples) &&
660 	    (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt != 0xffffffff) &&
661 	    (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt != 0xffffffff)) {
662 		/*
663 		 * We were in CSS and the RTT is now less, we
664 		 * entered CSS erroneously.
665 		 */
666 		cubicd->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
667 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 8, cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt);
668 		cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
669 	}
670 	if (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED)
671 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 5, usec_rtt);
672 }
673 
674 static void
675 cubic_newround(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t round_cnt)
676 {
677 	struct cubic *cubicd;
678 
679 	cubicd = ccv->cc_data;
680 	/* We have entered a new round */
681 	cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt = cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt;
682 	cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
683 	cubicd->css_rttsample_count = 0;
684 	cubicd->css_current_round = round_cnt;
685 	if ((cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) &&
686 	    ((round_cnt - cubicd->css_entered_at_round) >= hystart_css_rounds)) {
687 		/* Enter CA */
688 		if (ccv->flags & CCF_HYSTART_CAN_SH_CWND) {
689 			/*
690 			 * We engage more than snd_ssthresh, engage
691 			 * the brakes!! Though we will stay in SS to
692 			 * creep back up again, so lets leave CSS active
693 			 * and give us hystart_css_rounds more rounds.
694 			 */
695 			if (ccv->flags & CCF_HYSTART_CONS_SSTH) {
696 				CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = ((cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas + cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry) / 2);
697 			} else {
698 				CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas;
699 			}
700 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry;
701 			cubicd->css_entered_at_round = round_cnt;
702 		} else {
703 			CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
704 			/* Turn off the CSS flag */
705 			cubicd->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
706 			/* Disable use of CSS in the future except long idle  */
707 			cubicd->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
708 		}
709 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 6, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
710 	}
711 	if (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED)
712 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 4, round_cnt);
713 }
714 
715 DECLARE_CC_MODULE(cubic, &cubic_cc_algo);
716 MODULE_VERSION(cubic, 2);
717