xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/cc/cc_cubic.c (revision 0440b3d2cbf83afb55209a9938b31a48912f222c)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Lawrence Stewart <lstewart@freebsd.org>
5  * Copyright (c) 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This software was developed by Lawrence Stewart while studying at the Centre
9  * for Advanced Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, made
10  * possible in part by a grant from the Cisco University Research Program Fund
11  * at Community Foundation Silicon Valley.
12  *
13  * Portions of this software were developed at the Centre for Advanced
14  * Internet Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne,
15  * Australia by David Hayes under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
16  *
17  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
18  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
19  * are met:
20  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
22  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
23  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
24  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 /*
40  * An implementation of the CUBIC congestion control algorithm for FreeBSD,
41  * based on the Internet Draft "draft-rhee-tcpm-cubic-02" by Rhee, Xu and Ha.
42  * Originally released as part of the NewTCP research project at Swinburne
43  * University of Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures,
44  * Melbourne, Australia, which was made possible in part by a grant from the
45  * Cisco University Research Program Fund at Community Foundation Silicon
46  * Valley. More details are available at:
47  *   http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/
48  */
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/kernel.h>
52 #include <sys/limits.h>
53 #include <sys/malloc.h>
54 #include <sys/module.h>
55 #include <sys/socket.h>
56 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
57 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
58 #include <sys/systm.h>
59 
60 #include <net/vnet.h>
61 
62 #include <net/route.h>
63 #include <net/route/nhop.h>
64 
65 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
66 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
67 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
68 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
69 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
70 #include <netinet/tcp_log_buf.h>
71 #include <netinet/tcp_hpts.h>
72 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
73 #include <netinet/cc/cc_cubic.h>
74 #include <netinet/cc/cc_module.h>
75 
76 static void	cubic_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, ccsignal_t type);
77 static void	cubic_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv);
78 static int	cubic_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv, void *ptr);
79 static void	cubic_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, ccsignal_t type);
80 static void	cubic_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv);
81 static int	cubic_mod_init(void);
82 static void	cubic_post_recovery(struct cc_var *ccv);
83 static void	cubic_record_rtt(struct cc_var *ccv);
84 static void	cubic_ssthresh_update(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t maxseg);
85 static void	cubic_after_idle(struct cc_var *ccv);
86 static size_t	cubic_data_sz(void);
87 static void	cubic_newround(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t round_cnt);
88 static void	cubic_rttsample(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t usec_rtt,
89        uint32_t rxtcnt, uint32_t fas);
90 
91 struct cc_algo cubic_cc_algo = {
92 	.name = "cubic",
93 	.ack_received = cubic_ack_received,
94 	.cb_destroy = cubic_cb_destroy,
95 	.cb_init = cubic_cb_init,
96 	.cong_signal = cubic_cong_signal,
97 	.conn_init = cubic_conn_init,
98 	.mod_init = cubic_mod_init,
99 	.post_recovery = cubic_post_recovery,
100 	.after_idle = cubic_after_idle,
101 	.cc_data_sz = cubic_data_sz,
102 	.rttsample = cubic_rttsample,
103 	.newround = cubic_newround
104 };
105 
106 static void
107 cubic_log_hystart_event(struct cc_var *ccv, struct cubic *cubicd, uint8_t mod, uint32_t flex1)
108 {
109 	/*
110 	 * Types of logs (mod value)
111 	 * 1 - rtt_thresh in flex1, checking to see if RTT is to great.
112 	 * 2 - rtt is too great, rtt_thresh in flex1.
113 	 * 3 - CSS is active incr in flex1
114 	 * 4 - A new round is beginning flex1 is round count
115 	 * 5 - A new RTT measurement flex1 is the new measurement.
116 	 * 6 - We enter CA ssthresh is also in flex1.
117 	 * 7 - Socket option to change hystart executed opt.val in flex1.
118 	 * 8 - Back out of CSS into SS, flex1 is the css_baseline_minrtt
119 	 * 9 - We enter CA, via an ECN mark.
120 	 * 10 - We enter CA, via a loss.
121 	 * 11 - We have slipped out of SS into CA via cwnd growth.
122 	 * 12 - After idle has re-enabled hystart++
123 	 */
124 	struct tcpcb *tp;
125 
126 	if (hystart_bblogs == 0)
127 		return;
128 	tp = ccv->tp;
129 	if (tcp_bblogging_on(tp)) {
130 		union tcp_log_stackspecific log;
131 		struct timeval tv;
132 
133 		memset(&log, 0, sizeof(log));
134 		log.u_bbr.flex1 = flex1;
135 		log.u_bbr.flex2 = cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt;
136 		log.u_bbr.flex3 = cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt;
137 		log.u_bbr.flex4 = cubicd->css_rttsample_count;
138 		log.u_bbr.flex5 = cubicd->css_entered_at_round;
139 		log.u_bbr.flex6 = cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt;
140 		/* We only need bottom 16 bits of flags */
141 		log.u_bbr.flex7 = cubicd->flags & 0x0000ffff;
142 		log.u_bbr.flex8 = mod;
143 		log.u_bbr.epoch = cubicd->css_current_round;
144 		log.u_bbr.timeStamp = tcp_get_usecs(&tv);
145 		log.u_bbr.lt_epoch = cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry;
146 		log.u_bbr.pkts_out = cubicd->css_last_fas;
147 		log.u_bbr.delivered = cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas;
148 		log.u_bbr.pkt_epoch = ccv->flags;
149 		TCP_LOG_EVENTP(tp, NULL,
150 		    &tptosocket(tp)->so_rcv,
151 		    &tptosocket(tp)->so_snd,
152 		    TCP_HYSTART, 0,
153 		    0, &log, false, &tv);
154 	}
155 }
156 
157 static void
158 cubic_does_slow_start(struct cc_var *ccv, struct cubic *cubicd)
159 {
160 	/*
161 	 * In slow-start with ABC enabled and no RTO in sight?
162 	 * (Must not use abc_l_var > 1 if slow starting after
163 	 * an RTO. On RTO, snd_nxt = snd_una, so the
164 	 * snd_nxt == snd_max check is sufficient to
165 	 * handle this).
166 	 *
167 	 * XXXLAS: Find a way to signal SS after RTO that
168 	 * doesn't rely on tcpcb vars.
169 	 */
170 	u_int cw = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
171 	uint32_t mss = tcp_fixed_maxseg(ccv->tp);
172 	u_int incr = mss;
173 	uint16_t abc_val;
174 
175 	cubicd->flags |= CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART;
176 	if (ccv->flags & CCF_USE_LOCAL_ABC)
177 		abc_val = ccv->labc;
178 	else
179 		abc_val = V_tcp_abc_l_var;
180 	if ((ccv->flags & CCF_HYSTART_ALLOWED) &&
181 	    (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) &&
182 	    ((cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) == 0)) {
183 		/*
184 		 * Hystart is allowed and still enabled and we are not yet
185 		 * in CSS. Lets check to see if we can make a decision on
186 		 * if we need to go into CSS.
187 		 */
188 		if ((cubicd->css_rttsample_count >= hystart_n_rttsamples) &&
189 		    (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt != 0xffffffff) &&
190 		    (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt != 0xffffffff)) {
191 			uint32_t rtt_thresh;
192 
193 			/* Clamp (minrtt_thresh, lastround/8, maxrtt_thresh) */
194 			rtt_thresh = (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt >> 3);
195 			if (rtt_thresh < hystart_minrtt_thresh)
196 				rtt_thresh = hystart_minrtt_thresh;
197 			if (rtt_thresh > hystart_maxrtt_thresh)
198 				rtt_thresh = hystart_maxrtt_thresh;
199 			cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 1, rtt_thresh);
200 
201 			if (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt >= (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt + rtt_thresh)) {
202 				/* Enter CSS */
203 				cubicd->flags |= CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
204 				cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry = cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas;
205 				/*
206 				 * The draft (v4) calls for us to set baseline to css_current_round_min
207 				 * but that can cause an oscillation. We probably shoudl be using
208 				 * css_lastround_minrtt, but the authors insist that will cause
209 				 * issues on exiting early. We will leave the draft version for now
210 				 * but I suspect this is incorrect.
211 				 */
212 				cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt = cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt;
213 				cubicd->css_entered_at_round = cubicd->css_current_round;
214 				cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 2, rtt_thresh);
215 			}
216 		}
217 	}
218 	if (CCV(ccv, snd_nxt) == CCV(ccv, snd_max))
219 		incr = min(ccv->bytes_this_ack,
220 			   ccv->nsegs * abc_val * mss);
221 	else
222 		incr = min(ccv->bytes_this_ack, mss);
223 
224 	/* Only if Hystart is enabled will the flag get set */
225 	if (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) {
226 		incr /= hystart_css_growth_div;
227 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 3, incr);
228 	}
229 	/* ABC is on by default, so incr equals 0 frequently. */
230 	if (incr > 0)
231 		CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = min((cw + incr),
232 					 TCP_MAXWIN << CCV(ccv, snd_scale));
233 }
234 
235 static void
236 cubic_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, ccsignal_t type)
237 {
238 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
239 	unsigned long W_est, W_cubic;
240 	int usecs_since_epoch;
241 	uint32_t mss = tcp_fixed_maxseg(ccv->tp);
242 
243 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
244 	cubic_record_rtt(ccv);
245 
246 	/*
247 	 * For a regular ACK and we're not in cong/fast recovery and
248 	 * we're cwnd limited, always recalculate cwnd.
249 	 */
250 	if (type == CC_ACK && !IN_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)) &&
251 	    (ccv->flags & CCF_CWND_LIMITED)) {
252 		 /* Use the logic in NewReno ack_received() for slow start. */
253 		if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) <= CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) ||
254 		    cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs == TCPTV_SRTTBASE) {
255 			cubic_does_slow_start(ccv, cubic_data);
256 		} else {
257 			if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) {
258 				/*
259 				 * We have slipped into CA with
260 				 * CSS active. Deactivate all.
261 				 */
262 				/* Turn off the CSS flag */
263 				cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
264 				/* Disable use of CSS in the future except long idle  */
265 				cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
266 				cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 11, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
267 			}
268 			if ((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT) &&
269 			    (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART)) {
270 				/* RFC8312 Section 4.7 */
271 				cubic_data->flags &= ~(CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT |
272 						       CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART);
273 				cubic_data->W_max = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
274 				cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks;
275 				cubic_data->K = 0;
276 			} else if (cubic_data->flags & (CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART |
277 						 CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT)) {
278 				cubic_data->flags &= ~(CUBICFLAG_IN_SLOWSTART |
279 						       CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT);
280 				cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks;
281 				cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->W_max / mss);
282 			}
283 			usecs_since_epoch = (ticks - cubic_data->t_epoch) * tick;
284 			if (usecs_since_epoch < 0) {
285 				/*
286 				 * dragging t_epoch along
287 				 */
288 				usecs_since_epoch = INT_MAX;
289 				cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks - INT_MAX;
290 			}
291 
292 			W_est = tf_cwnd(ccv);
293 
294 			/*
295 			 * The mean RTT is used to best reflect the equations in
296 			 * the I-D.
297 			 */
298 			W_cubic = cubic_cwnd(usecs_since_epoch +
299 					     cubic_data->mean_rtt_usecs,
300 					     cubic_data->W_max,
301 					     mss,
302 					     cubic_data->K);
303 
304 			if (W_cubic < W_est) {
305 				/*
306 				 * TCP-friendly region, follow tf
307 				 * cwnd growth.
308 				 */
309 				CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = ulmin(W_est, INT_MAX);
310 				cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_IN_TF;
311 			} else if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) < W_cubic) {
312 				/*
313 				 * Concave or convex region, follow CUBIC
314 				 * cwnd growth.
315 				 * Only update snd_cwnd, if it doesn't shrink.
316 				 */
317 				CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = ulmin(W_cubic, INT_MAX);
318 				cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_IN_TF;
319 			}
320 
321 			/*
322 			 * If we're not in slow start and we're probing for a
323 			 * new cwnd limit at the start of a connection
324 			 * (happens when hostcache has a relevant entry),
325 			 * keep updating our current estimate of the
326 			 * W_max.
327 			 */
328 			if (((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT) == 0) &&
329 			    cubic_data->W_max < CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd)) {
330 				cubic_data->W_max = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
331 				cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->W_max / mss);
332 			}
333 		}
334 	} else if (type == CC_ACK && !IN_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)) &&
335 	    !(ccv->flags & CCF_CWND_LIMITED)) {
336 		cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_IN_APPLIMIT;
337 	}
338 }
339 
340 /*
341  * This is a CUBIC specific implementation of after_idle.
342  *   - Reset cwnd by calling New Reno implementation of after_idle.
343  *   - Reset t_epoch.
344  */
345 static void
346 cubic_after_idle(struct cc_var *ccv)
347 {
348 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
349 
350 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
351 
352 	cubic_data->W_max = ulmax(cubic_data->W_max, CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd));
353 	cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->W_max / tcp_fixed_maxseg(ccv->tp));
354 	if ((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) == 0) {
355 		/*
356 		 * Re-enable hystart if we have been idle.
357 		 */
358 		cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
359 		cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
360 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 12, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
361 	}
362 	newreno_cc_after_idle(ccv);
363 	cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks;
364 }
365 
366 static void
367 cubic_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv)
368 {
369 	free(ccv->cc_data, M_CC_MEM);
370 }
371 
372 static size_t
373 cubic_data_sz(void)
374 {
375 	return (sizeof(struct cubic));
376 }
377 
378 static int
379 cubic_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv, void *ptr)
380 {
381 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
382 
383 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tptoinpcb(ccv->tp));
384 	if (ptr == NULL) {
385 		cubic_data = malloc(sizeof(struct cubic), M_CC_MEM, M_NOWAIT|M_ZERO);
386 		if (cubic_data == NULL)
387 			return (ENOMEM);
388 	} else
389 		cubic_data = ptr;
390 
391 	/* Init some key variables with sensible defaults. */
392 	cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks;
393 	cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs = TCPTV_SRTTBASE;
394 	cubic_data->mean_rtt_usecs = 1;
395 
396 	ccv->cc_data = cubic_data;
397 	cubic_data->flags = CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
398 	/* At init set both to infinity */
399 	cubic_data->css_lastround_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
400 	cubic_data->css_current_round_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
401 	cubic_data->css_current_round = 0;
402 	cubic_data->css_baseline_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
403 	cubic_data->css_rttsample_count = 0;
404 	cubic_data->css_entered_at_round = 0;
405 	cubic_data->css_fas_at_css_entry = 0;
406 	cubic_data->css_lowrtt_fas = 0;
407 	cubic_data->css_last_fas = 0;
408 
409 	return (0);
410 }
411 
412 /*
413  * Perform any necessary tasks before we enter congestion recovery.
414  */
415 static void
416 cubic_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, ccsignal_t type)
417 {
418 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
419 	uint32_t mss, pipe;
420 
421 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
422 	mss = tcp_fixed_maxseg(ccv->tp);
423 
424 	switch (type) {
425 	case CC_NDUPACK:
426 		if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) {
427 			/* Make sure the flags are all off we had a loss */
428 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
429 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
430 			cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 10, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
431 		}
432 		if (!IN_FASTRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
433 			if (!IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
434 				cubic_ssthresh_update(ccv, mss);
435 				cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT;
436 				cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks;
437 				cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->W_max / mss);
438 			}
439 			ENTER_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags));
440 		}
441 		break;
442 
443 	case CC_ECN:
444 		if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED) {
445 			/* Make sure the flags are all off we had a loss */
446 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
447 			cubic_data->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
448 			cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubic_data, 9, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
449 		}
450 		if (!IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
451 			cubic_ssthresh_update(ccv, mss);
452 			cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT;
453 			cubic_data->t_epoch = ticks;
454 			cubic_data->K = cubic_k(cubic_data->W_max / mss);
455 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh);
456 			ENTER_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags));
457 		}
458 		break;
459 
460 	case CC_RTO:
461 		/* RFC8312 Section 4.7 */
462 		if (CCV(ccv, t_rxtshift) == 1) {
463 			/*
464 			 * Remember the state only for the first RTO event. This
465 			 * will help us restore the state to the values seen
466 			 * at the most recent congestion avoidance stage before
467 			 * the current RTO event.
468 			 */
469 			cubic_data->undo_t_epoch = cubic_data->t_epoch;
470 			cubic_data->undo_cwnd_epoch = cubic_data->cwnd_epoch;
471 			cubic_data->undo_W_max = cubic_data->W_max;
472 			cubic_data->undo_K = cubic_data->K;
473 			pipe = tcp_compute_pipe(ccv->tp);
474 			CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = max(2,
475 				(((uint64_t)min(CCV(ccv, snd_wnd), pipe) *
476 				CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT) / mss) * mss;
477 		}
478 		cubic_data->flags |= CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT | CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT;
479 		CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = mss;
480 		break;
481 
482 	case CC_RTO_ERR:
483 		cubic_data->flags &= ~(CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT | CUBICFLAG_RTO_EVENT);
484 		cubic_data->K = cubic_data->undo_K;
485 		cubic_data->W_max = cubic_data->undo_W_max;
486 		cubic_data->cwnd_epoch = cubic_data->undo_cwnd_epoch;
487 		cubic_data->t_epoch = cubic_data->undo_t_epoch;
488 		break;
489 	default:
490 		break;
491 	}
492 }
493 
494 static void
495 cubic_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv)
496 {
497 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
498 
499 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
500 
501 	/*
502 	 * Ensure we have a sane initial value for W_max recorded. Without
503 	 * this here bad things happen when entries from the TCP hostcache
504 	 * get used.
505 	 */
506 	cubic_data->W_max = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
507 }
508 
509 static int
510 cubic_mod_init(void)
511 {
512 	return (0);
513 }
514 
515 /*
516  * Perform any necessary tasks before we exit congestion recovery.
517  */
518 static void
519 cubic_post_recovery(struct cc_var *ccv)
520 {
521 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
522 	int pipe;
523 	uint32_t mss = tcp_fixed_maxseg(ccv->tp);
524 
525 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
526 	pipe = 0;
527 
528 	if (IN_FASTRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
529 		/*
530 		 * If inflight data is less than ssthresh, set cwnd
531 		 * conservatively to avoid a burst of data, as suggested in
532 		 * the NewReno RFC. Otherwise, use the CUBIC method.
533 		 */
534 		pipe = tcp_compute_pipe(ccv->tp);
535 		if (pipe < CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh))
536 			/*
537 			 * Ensure that cwnd does not collapse to 1 MSS under
538 			 * adverse conditions. Implements RFC6582
539 			 */
540 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = max(pipe, mss) + mss;
541 		else
542 			/* Update cwnd based on beta and adjusted W_max. */
543 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = max(((uint64_t)cubic_data->W_max *
544 			    CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT,
545 			    2 * mss);
546 	}
547 
548 	/* Calculate the average RTT between congestion epochs. */
549 	if (cubic_data->epoch_ack_count > 0 &&
550 	    cubic_data->sum_rtt_usecs >= cubic_data->epoch_ack_count) {
551 		cubic_data->mean_rtt_usecs = (int)(cubic_data->sum_rtt_usecs /
552 		    cubic_data->epoch_ack_count);
553 	}
554 
555 	cubic_data->epoch_ack_count = 0;
556 	cubic_data->sum_rtt_usecs = 0;
557 }
558 
559 /*
560  * Record the min RTT and sum samples for the epoch average RTT calculation.
561  */
562 static void
563 cubic_record_rtt(struct cc_var *ccv)
564 {
565 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
566 	uint32_t t_srtt_usecs;
567 
568 	/* Ignore srtt until a min number of samples have been taken. */
569 	if (CCV(ccv, t_rttupdated) >= CUBIC_MIN_RTT_SAMPLES) {
570 		cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
571 		t_srtt_usecs = tcp_get_srtt(ccv->tp,
572 					    TCP_TMR_GRANULARITY_USEC);
573 		/*
574 		 * Record the current SRTT as our minrtt if it's the smallest
575 		 * we've seen or minrtt is currently equal to its initialised
576 		 * value.
577 		 *
578 		 * XXXLAS: Should there be some hysteresis for minrtt?
579 		 */
580 		if ((t_srtt_usecs < cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs ||
581 		    cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs == TCPTV_SRTTBASE)) {
582 			/* A minimal rtt is a single unshifted tick of a ticks
583 			 * timer. */
584 			cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs = max(tick >> TCP_RTT_SHIFT,
585 							t_srtt_usecs);
586 
587 			/*
588 			 * If the connection is within its first congestion
589 			 * epoch, ensure we prime mean_rtt_usecs with a
590 			 * reasonable value until the epoch average RTT is
591 			 * calculated in cubic_post_recovery().
592 			 */
593 			if (cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs >
594 			    cubic_data->mean_rtt_usecs)
595 				cubic_data->mean_rtt_usecs =
596 				    cubic_data->min_rtt_usecs;
597 		}
598 
599 		/* Sum samples for epoch average RTT calculation. */
600 		cubic_data->sum_rtt_usecs += t_srtt_usecs;
601 		cubic_data->epoch_ack_count++;
602 	}
603 }
604 
605 /*
606  * Update the ssthresh in the event of congestion.
607  */
608 static void
609 cubic_ssthresh_update(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t maxseg)
610 {
611 	struct cubic *cubic_data;
612 	uint32_t ssthresh;
613 	uint32_t cwnd;
614 
615 	cubic_data = ccv->cc_data;
616 	cwnd = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
617 
618 	/* Fast convergence heuristic. */
619 	if (cwnd < cubic_data->W_max) {
620 		cwnd = ((uint64_t)cwnd * CUBIC_FC_FACTOR) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
621 	}
622 	cubic_data->undo_W_max = cubic_data->W_max;
623 	cubic_data->W_max = cwnd;
624 
625 	if (cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_IN_TF) {
626 		/* If in the TCP friendly region, follow what newreno does */
627 		ssthresh = newreno_cc_cwnd_on_multiplicative_decrease(ccv, maxseg);
628 
629 	} else if ((cubic_data->flags & CUBICFLAG_CONG_EVENT) == 0) {
630 		/*
631 		 * On the first congestion event, set ssthresh to cwnd * 0.5
632 		 * and reduce W_max to cwnd * beta. This aligns the cubic
633 		 * concave region appropriately.
634 		 */
635 		ssthresh = cwnd >> 1;
636 		cubic_data->W_max = ((uint64_t)cwnd * CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
637 	} else {
638 		/*
639 		 * On subsequent congestion events, set ssthresh to cwnd * beta.
640 		 */
641 		ssthresh = ((uint64_t)cwnd * CUBIC_BETA) >> CUBIC_SHIFT;
642 	}
643 	CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = max(ssthresh, 2 * maxseg);
644 }
645 
646 static void
647 cubic_rttsample(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t usec_rtt, uint32_t rxtcnt, uint32_t fas)
648 {
649 	struct cubic *cubicd;
650 
651 	cubicd = ccv->cc_data;
652 	if (rxtcnt > 1) {
653 		/*
654 		 * Only look at RTT's that are non-ambiguous.
655 		 */
656 		return;
657 	}
658 	cubicd->css_rttsample_count++;
659 	cubicd->css_last_fas = fas;
660 	if (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt > usec_rtt) {
661 		cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt = usec_rtt;
662 		cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas = cubicd->css_last_fas;
663 	}
664 	if ((cubicd->css_rttsample_count >= hystart_n_rttsamples) &&
665 	    (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt != 0xffffffff) &&
666 	    (cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt < cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt) &&
667 	    (cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt != 0xffffffff)) {
668 		/*
669 		 * We were in CSS and the RTT is now less, we
670 		 * entered CSS erroneously.
671 		 */
672 		cubicd->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
673 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 8, cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt);
674 		cubicd->css_baseline_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
675 	}
676 	if (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED)
677 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 5, usec_rtt);
678 }
679 
680 static void
681 cubic_newround(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t round_cnt)
682 {
683 	struct cubic *cubicd;
684 
685 	cubicd = ccv->cc_data;
686 	/* We have entered a new round */
687 	cubicd->css_lastround_minrtt = cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt;
688 	cubicd->css_current_round_minrtt = 0xffffffff;
689 	cubicd->css_rttsample_count = 0;
690 	cubicd->css_current_round = round_cnt;
691 	if ((cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS) &&
692 	    ((round_cnt - cubicd->css_entered_at_round) >= hystart_css_rounds)) {
693 		/* Enter CA */
694 		if (ccv->flags & CCF_HYSTART_CAN_SH_CWND) {
695 			/*
696 			 * We engage more than snd_ssthresh, engage
697 			 * the brakes!! Though we will stay in SS to
698 			 * creep back up again, so lets leave CSS active
699 			 * and give us hystart_css_rounds more rounds.
700 			 */
701 			if (ccv->flags & CCF_HYSTART_CONS_SSTH) {
702 				CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = ((cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas + cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry) / 2);
703 			} else {
704 				CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = cubicd->css_lowrtt_fas;
705 			}
706 			CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = cubicd->css_fas_at_css_entry;
707 			cubicd->css_entered_at_round = round_cnt;
708 		} else {
709 			CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
710 			/* Turn off the CSS flag */
711 			cubicd->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_IN_CSS;
712 			/* Disable use of CSS in the future except long idle  */
713 			cubicd->flags &= ~CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED;
714 		}
715 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 6, CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
716 	}
717 	if (cubicd->flags & CUBICFLAG_HYSTART_ENABLED)
718 		cubic_log_hystart_event(ccv, cubicd, 4, round_cnt);
719 }
720 
721 DECLARE_CC_MODULE(cubic, &cubic_cc_algo);
722 MODULE_VERSION(cubic, 2);
723