xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/cc/cc_cdg.c (revision 1f4bcc459a76b7aa664f3fd557684cd0ba6da352)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2009-2013
3  * 	Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
4  * All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * This software was developed at the Centre for Advanced Internet
7  * Architectures, Swinburne University of Technology, by David Hayes, made
8  * possible in part by a gift from The Cisco University Research Program Fund,
9  * a corporate advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation. Development
10  * and testing were further assisted by a grant from the FreeBSD Foundation.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*
35  * CAIA Delay-Gradient (CDG) congestion control algorithm
36  *
37  * An implemention of the delay-gradient congestion control algorithm proposed
38  * in the following paper:
39  *
40  * D. A. Hayes and G. Armitage, "Revisiting TCP Congestion Control using Delay
41  * Gradients", in IFIP Networking, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 May 2011.
42  *
43  * Developed as part of the NewTCP research project at Swinburne University of
44  * Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Melbourne,
45  * Australia. More details are available at:
46  *   http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/
47  */
48 
49 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
50 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
51 
52 #include <sys/param.h>
53 #include <sys/hhook.h>
54 #include <sys/kernel.h>
55 #include <sys/khelp.h>
56 #include <sys/limits.h>
57 #include <sys/lock.h>
58 #include <sys/malloc.h>
59 #include <sys/module.h>
60 #include <sys/queue.h>
61 #include <sys/socket.h>
62 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
63 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
64 #include <sys/systm.h>
65 
66 #include <net/vnet.h>
67 
68 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
69 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
70 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
71 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
72 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
73 #include <netinet/cc/cc_module.h>
74 
75 #include <netinet/khelp/h_ertt.h>
76 
77 #include <vm/uma.h>
78 
79 #define	CDG_VERSION "0.1"
80 
81 #define	CAST_PTR_INT(X) (*((int*)(X)))
82 
83 /* Private delay-gradient induced congestion control signal. */
84 #define	CC_CDG_DELAY 0x01000000
85 
86 /* NewReno window deflation factor on loss (as a percentage). */
87 #define	RENO_BETA 50
88 
89 /* Queue states. */
90 #define	CDG_Q_EMPTY	1
91 #define	CDG_Q_RISING	2
92 #define	CDG_Q_FALLING	3
93 #define	CDG_Q_FULL	4
94 #define	CDG_Q_UNKNOWN	9999
95 
96 /* Number of bit shifts used in probexp lookup table. */
97 #define	EXP_PREC 15
98 
99 /* Largest gradient represented in probexp lookup table. */
100 #define	MAXGRAD 5
101 
102 /*
103  * Delay Precision Enhance - number of bit shifts used for qtrend related
104  * integer arithmetic precision.
105  */
106 #define	D_P_E 7
107 
108 struct qdiff_sample {
109 	long qdiff;
110 	STAILQ_ENTRY(qdiff_sample) qdiff_lnk;
111 };
112 
113 struct cdg {
114 	long max_qtrend;
115 	long min_qtrend;
116 	STAILQ_HEAD(minrtts_head, qdiff_sample) qdiffmin_q;
117 	STAILQ_HEAD(maxrtts_head, qdiff_sample) qdiffmax_q;
118 	long window_incr;
119 	/* rttcount for window increase when in congestion avoidance */
120 	long rtt_count;
121 	/* maximum measured rtt within an rtt period */
122 	int maxrtt_in_rtt;
123 	/* maximum measured rtt within prev rtt period */
124 	int maxrtt_in_prevrtt;
125 	/* minimum measured rtt within an rtt period */
126 	int minrtt_in_rtt;
127 	/* minimum measured rtt within prev rtt period */
128 	int minrtt_in_prevrtt;
129 	/* consecutive congestion episode counter */
130 	uint32_t consec_cong_cnt;
131 	/* when tracking a new reno type loss window */
132 	uint32_t shadow_w;
133 	/* maximum number of samples in the moving average queue */
134 	int sample_q_size;
135 	/* number of samples in the moving average queue */
136 	int num_samples;
137 	/* estimate of the queue state of the path */
138 	int queue_state;
139 };
140 
141 /*
142  * Lookup table for:
143  *   (1 - exp(-x)) << EXP_PREC, where x = [0,MAXGRAD] in 2^-7 increments
144  *
145  * Note: probexp[0] is set to 10 (not 0) as a safety for very low increase
146  * gradients.
147  */
148 static const int probexp[641] = {
149    10,255,508,759,1008,1255,1501,1744,1985,2225,2463,2698,2932,3165,3395,3624,
150    3850,4075,4299,4520,4740,4958,5175,5389,5602,5814,6024,6232,6438,6643,6846,
151    7048,7248,7447,7644,7839,8033,8226,8417,8606,8794,8981,9166,9350,9532,9713,
152    9892,10070,10247,10422,10596,10769,10940,11110,11278,11445,11611,11776,11939,
153    12101,12262,12422,12580,12737,12893,13048,13201,13354,13505,13655,13803,13951,
154    14097,14243,14387,14530,14672,14813,14952,15091,15229,15365,15500,15635,15768,
155    15900,16032,16162,16291,16419,16547,16673,16798,16922,17046,17168,17289,17410,
156    17529,17648,17766,17882,17998,18113,18227,18340,18453,18564,18675,18784,18893,
157    19001,19108,19215,19320,19425,19529,19632,19734,19835,19936,20036,20135,20233,
158    20331,20427,20523,20619,20713,20807,20900,20993,21084,21175,21265,21355,21444,
159    21532,21619,21706,21792,21878,21962,22046,22130,22213,22295,22376,22457,22537,
160    22617,22696,22774,22852,22929,23006,23082,23157,23232,23306,23380,23453,23525,
161    23597,23669,23739,23810,23879,23949,24017,24085,24153,24220,24286,24352,24418,
162    24483,24547,24611,24675,24738,24800,24862,24924,24985,25045,25106,25165,25224,
163    25283,25341,25399,25456,25513,25570,25626,25681,25737,25791,25846,25899,25953,
164    26006,26059,26111,26163,26214,26265,26316,26366,26416,26465,26514,26563,26611,
165    26659,26707,26754,26801,26847,26893,26939,26984,27029,27074,27118,27162,27206,
166    27249,27292,27335,27377,27419,27460,27502,27543,27583,27624,27664,27703,27743,
167    27782,27821,27859,27897,27935,27973,28010,28047,28084,28121,28157,28193,28228,
168    28263,28299,28333,28368,28402,28436,28470,28503,28536,28569,28602,28634,28667,
169    28699,28730,28762,28793,28824,28854,28885,28915,28945,28975,29004,29034,29063,
170    29092,29120,29149,29177,29205,29232,29260,29287,29314,29341,29368,29394,29421,
171    29447,29472,29498,29524,29549,29574,29599,29623,29648,29672,29696,29720,29744,
172    29767,29791,29814,29837,29860,29882,29905,29927,29949,29971,29993,30014,30036,
173    30057,30078,30099,30120,30141,30161,30181,30201,30221,30241,30261,30280,30300,
174    30319,30338,30357,30376,30394,30413,30431,30449,30467,30485,30503,30521,30538,
175    30555,30573,30590,30607,30624,30640,30657,30673,30690,30706,30722,30738,30753,
176    30769,30785,30800,30815,30831,30846,30861,30876,30890,30905,30919,30934,30948,
177    30962,30976,30990,31004,31018,31031,31045,31058,31072,31085,31098,31111,31124,
178    31137,31149,31162,31174,31187,31199,31211,31223,31235,31247,31259,31271,31283,
179    31294,31306,31317,31328,31339,31351,31362,31373,31383,31394,31405,31416,31426,
180    31436,31447,31457,31467,31477,31487,31497,31507,31517,31527,31537,31546,31556,
181    31565,31574,31584,31593,31602,31611,31620,31629,31638,31647,31655,31664,31673,
182    31681,31690,31698,31706,31715,31723,31731,31739,31747,31755,31763,31771,31778,
183    31786,31794,31801,31809,31816,31824,31831,31838,31846,31853,31860,31867,31874,
184    31881,31888,31895,31902,31908,31915,31922,31928,31935,31941,31948,31954,31960,
185    31967,31973,31979,31985,31991,31997,32003,32009,32015,32021,32027,32033,32038,
186    32044,32050,32055,32061,32066,32072,32077,32083,32088,32093,32098,32104,32109,
187    32114,32119,32124,32129,32134,32139,32144,32149,32154,32158,32163,32168,32173,
188    32177,32182,32186,32191,32195,32200,32204,32209,32213,32217,32222,32226,32230,
189    32234,32238,32242,32247,32251,32255,32259,32263,32267,32270,32274,32278,32282,
190    32286,32290,32293,32297,32301,32304,32308,32311,32315,32318,32322,32325,32329,
191    32332,32336,32339,32342,32346,32349,32352,32356,32359,32362,32365,32368,32371,
192    32374,32377,32381,32384,32387,32389,32392,32395,32398,32401,32404,32407,32410,
193    32412,32415,32418,32421,32423,32426,32429,32431,32434,32437,32439,32442,32444,
194    32447,32449,32452,32454,32457,32459,32461,32464,32466,32469,32471,32473,32476,
195    32478,32480,32482,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32500,32502,32504,
196    32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32527,32529,
197    32531,32533,32535,32537,32538,32540,32542,32544,32545,32547};
198 
199 static uma_zone_t qdiffsample_zone;
200 
201 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_CDG, "cdg data",
202   "Per connection data required for the CDG congestion control algorithm");
203 
204 static int ertt_id;
205 
206 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_alpha_inc);
207 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_beta_delay);
208 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_beta_loss);
209 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_smoothing_factor);
210 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_exp_backoff_scale);
211 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_consec_cong);
212 static VNET_DEFINE(uint32_t, cdg_hold_backoff);
213 #define	V_cdg_alpha_inc		VNET(cdg_alpha_inc)
214 #define	V_cdg_beta_delay	VNET(cdg_beta_delay)
215 #define	V_cdg_beta_loss		VNET(cdg_beta_loss)
216 #define	V_cdg_smoothing_factor	VNET(cdg_smoothing_factor)
217 #define	V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale	VNET(cdg_exp_backoff_scale)
218 #define	V_cdg_consec_cong	VNET(cdg_consec_cong)
219 #define	V_cdg_hold_backoff	VNET(cdg_hold_backoff)
220 
221 /* Function prototypes. */
222 static int cdg_mod_init(void);
223 static int cdg_mod_destroy(void);
224 static void cdg_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv);
225 static int cdg_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv);
226 static void cdg_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv);
227 static void cdg_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t signal_type);
228 static void cdg_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, uint16_t ack_type);
229 
230 struct cc_algo cdg_cc_algo = {
231 	.name = "cdg",
232 	.mod_init = cdg_mod_init,
233 	.ack_received = cdg_ack_received,
234 	.cb_destroy = cdg_cb_destroy,
235 	.cb_init = cdg_cb_init,
236 	.conn_init = cdg_conn_init,
237 	.cong_signal = cdg_cong_signal,
238 	.mod_destroy = cdg_mod_destroy
239 };
240 
241 /* Vnet created and being initialised. */
242 static void
243 cdg_init_vnet(const void *unused __unused)
244 {
245 
246 	V_cdg_alpha_inc = 0;
247 	V_cdg_beta_delay = 70;
248 	V_cdg_beta_loss = 50;
249 	V_cdg_smoothing_factor = 8;
250 	V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale = 3;
251 	V_cdg_consec_cong = 5;
252 	V_cdg_hold_backoff = 5;
253 }
254 
255 static int
256 cdg_mod_init(void)
257 {
258 	VNET_ITERATOR_DECL(v);
259 
260 	ertt_id = khelp_get_id("ertt");
261 	if (ertt_id <= 0)
262 		return (EINVAL);
263 
264 	qdiffsample_zone = uma_zcreate("cdg_qdiffsample",
265 	    sizeof(struct qdiff_sample), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
266 
267 	VNET_LIST_RLOCK();
268 	VNET_FOREACH(v) {
269 		CURVNET_SET(v);
270 		cdg_init_vnet(NULL);
271 		CURVNET_RESTORE();
272 	}
273 	VNET_LIST_RUNLOCK();
274 
275 	cdg_cc_algo.post_recovery = newreno_cc_algo.post_recovery;
276 	cdg_cc_algo.after_idle = newreno_cc_algo.after_idle;
277 
278 	return (0);
279 }
280 
281 static int
282 cdg_mod_destroy(void)
283 {
284 
285 	uma_zdestroy(qdiffsample_zone);
286 	return (0);
287 }
288 
289 static int
290 cdg_cb_init(struct cc_var *ccv)
291 {
292 	struct cdg *cdg_data;
293 
294 	cdg_data = malloc(sizeof(struct cdg), M_CDG, M_NOWAIT);
295 	if (cdg_data == NULL)
296 		return (ENOMEM);
297 
298 	cdg_data->shadow_w = 0;
299 	cdg_data->max_qtrend = 0;
300 	cdg_data->min_qtrend = 0;
301 	cdg_data->queue_state = CDG_Q_UNKNOWN;
302 	cdg_data->maxrtt_in_rtt = 0;
303 	cdg_data->maxrtt_in_prevrtt = 0;
304 	cdg_data->minrtt_in_rtt = INT_MAX;
305 	cdg_data->minrtt_in_prevrtt = 0;
306 	cdg_data->window_incr = 0;
307 	cdg_data->rtt_count = 0;
308 	cdg_data->consec_cong_cnt = 0;
309 	cdg_data->sample_q_size = V_cdg_smoothing_factor;
310 	cdg_data->num_samples = 0;
311 	STAILQ_INIT(&cdg_data->qdiffmin_q);
312 	STAILQ_INIT(&cdg_data->qdiffmax_q);
313 
314 	ccv->cc_data = cdg_data;
315 
316 	return (0);
317 }
318 
319 static void
320 cdg_conn_init(struct cc_var *ccv)
321 {
322 	struct cdg *cdg_data = ccv->cc_data;
323 
324 	/*
325 	 * Initialise the shadow_cwnd in case we are competing with loss based
326 	 * flows from the start
327 	 */
328 	cdg_data->shadow_w = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
329 }
330 
331 static void
332 cdg_cb_destroy(struct cc_var *ccv)
333 {
334 	struct cdg *cdg_data;
335 	struct qdiff_sample *qds, *qds_n;
336 
337 	cdg_data = ccv->cc_data;
338 
339 	qds = STAILQ_FIRST(&cdg_data->qdiffmin_q);
340 	while (qds != NULL) {
341 		qds_n = STAILQ_NEXT(qds, qdiff_lnk);
342 		uma_zfree(qdiffsample_zone,qds);
343 		qds = qds_n;
344 	}
345 
346 	qds = STAILQ_FIRST(&cdg_data->qdiffmax_q);
347 	while (qds != NULL) {
348 		qds_n = STAILQ_NEXT(qds, qdiff_lnk);
349 		uma_zfree(qdiffsample_zone,qds);
350 		qds = qds_n;
351 	}
352 
353 	free(ccv->cc_data, M_CDG);
354 }
355 
356 static int
357 cdg_beta_handler(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
358 {
359 
360 	if (req->newptr != NULL &&
361 	    (CAST_PTR_INT(req->newptr) == 0 || CAST_PTR_INT(req->newptr) > 100))
362 		return (EINVAL);
363 
364 	return (sysctl_handle_int(oidp, arg1, arg2, req));
365 }
366 
367 static int
368 cdg_exp_backoff_scale_handler(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
369 {
370 
371 	if (req->newptr != NULL && CAST_PTR_INT(req->newptr) < 1)
372 		return (EINVAL);
373 
374 	return (sysctl_handle_int(oidp, arg1, arg2, req));
375 }
376 
377 static inline unsigned long
378 cdg_window_decrease(struct cc_var *ccv, unsigned long owin, unsigned int beta)
379 {
380 
381 	return ((ulmin(CCV(ccv, snd_wnd), owin) * beta) / 100);
382 }
383 
384 /*
385  * Window increase function
386  * This window increase function is independent of the initial window size
387  * to ensure small window flows are not discriminated against (i.e. fairness).
388  * It increases at 1pkt/rtt like Reno for alpha_inc rtts, and then 2pkts/rtt for
389  * the next alpha_inc rtts, etc.
390  */
391 static void
392 cdg_window_increase(struct cc_var *ccv, int new_measurement)
393 {
394 	struct cdg *cdg_data;
395 	int incr, s_w_incr;
396 
397 	cdg_data = ccv->cc_data;
398 	incr = s_w_incr = 0;
399 
400 	if (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) <= CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh)) {
401 		/* Slow start. */
402 		incr = CCV(ccv, t_maxseg);
403 		s_w_incr = incr;
404 		cdg_data->window_incr = cdg_data->rtt_count = 0;
405 	} else {
406 		/* Congestion avoidance. */
407 		if (new_measurement) {
408 			s_w_incr = CCV(ccv, t_maxseg);
409 			if (V_cdg_alpha_inc == 0) {
410 				incr = CCV(ccv, t_maxseg);
411 			} else {
412 				if (++cdg_data->rtt_count >= V_cdg_alpha_inc) {
413 					cdg_data->window_incr++;
414 					cdg_data->rtt_count = 0;
415 				}
416 				incr = CCV(ccv, t_maxseg) *
417 				    cdg_data->window_incr;
418 			}
419 		}
420 	}
421 
422 	if (cdg_data->shadow_w > 0)
423 		cdg_data->shadow_w = ulmin(cdg_data->shadow_w + s_w_incr,
424 		    TCP_MAXWIN << CCV(ccv, snd_scale));
425 
426 	CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = ulmin(CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) + incr,
427 	    TCP_MAXWIN << CCV(ccv, snd_scale));
428 }
429 
430 static void
431 cdg_cong_signal(struct cc_var *ccv, uint32_t signal_type)
432 {
433 	struct cdg *cdg_data = ccv->cc_data;
434 
435 	switch(signal_type) {
436 	case CC_CDG_DELAY:
437 		CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = cdg_window_decrease(ccv,
438 		    CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd), V_cdg_beta_delay);
439 		CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) = CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh);
440 		CCV(ccv, snd_recover) = CCV(ccv, snd_max);
441 		cdg_data->window_incr = cdg_data->rtt_count = 0;
442 		ENTER_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags));
443 		break;
444 	case CC_NDUPACK:
445 		/*
446 		 * If already responding to congestion OR we have guessed no
447 		 * queue in the path is full.
448 		 */
449 		if (IN_CONGRECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags)) ||
450 		    cdg_data->queue_state < CDG_Q_FULL) {
451 			CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd);
452 			CCV(ccv, snd_recover) = CCV(ccv, snd_max);
453 		} else {
454 			/*
455 			 * Loss is likely to be congestion related. We have
456 			 * inferred a queue full state, so have shadow window
457 			 * react to loss as NewReno would.
458 			 */
459 			if (cdg_data->shadow_w > 0)
460 				cdg_data->shadow_w = cdg_window_decrease(ccv,
461 				    cdg_data->shadow_w, RENO_BETA);
462 
463 			CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh) = ulmax(cdg_data->shadow_w,
464 			    cdg_window_decrease(ccv, CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd),
465 			    V_cdg_beta_loss));
466 
467 			cdg_data->window_incr = cdg_data->rtt_count = 0;
468 		}
469 		ENTER_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags));
470 		break;
471 	default:
472 		newreno_cc_algo.cong_signal(ccv, signal_type);
473 		break;
474 	}
475 }
476 
477 /*
478  * Using a negative exponential probabilistic backoff so that sources with
479  * varying RTTs which share the same link will, on average, have the same
480  * probability of backoff over time.
481  *
482  * Prob_backoff = 1 - exp(-qtrend / V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale), where
483  * V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale is the average qtrend for the exponential backoff.
484  */
485 static inline int
486 prob_backoff(long qtrend)
487 {
488 	int backoff, idx, p;
489 
490 	backoff = (qtrend > ((MAXGRAD * V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale) << D_P_E));
491 
492 	if (!backoff) {
493 		if (V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale > 1)
494 			idx = (qtrend + V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale / 2) /
495 			    V_cdg_exp_backoff_scale;
496 		else
497 			idx = qtrend;
498 
499 		/* Backoff probability proportional to rate of queue growth. */
500 		p = (INT_MAX / (1 << EXP_PREC)) * probexp[idx];
501 		backoff = (random() < p);
502 	}
503 
504 	return (backoff);
505 }
506 
507 static inline void
508 calc_moving_average(struct cdg *cdg_data, long qdiff_max, long qdiff_min)
509 {
510 	struct qdiff_sample *qds;
511 
512 	++cdg_data->num_samples;
513 	if (cdg_data->num_samples > cdg_data->sample_q_size) {
514 		/* Minimum RTT. */
515 		qds = STAILQ_FIRST(&cdg_data->qdiffmin_q);
516 		cdg_data->min_qtrend =  cdg_data->min_qtrend +
517 		    (qdiff_min - qds->qdiff) / cdg_data->sample_q_size;
518 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&cdg_data->qdiffmin_q, qdiff_lnk);
519 		qds->qdiff = qdiff_min;
520 		STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cdg_data->qdiffmin_q, qds, qdiff_lnk);
521 
522 		/* Maximum RTT. */
523 		qds = STAILQ_FIRST(&cdg_data->qdiffmax_q);
524 		cdg_data->max_qtrend =  cdg_data->max_qtrend +
525 		    (qdiff_max - qds->qdiff) / cdg_data->sample_q_size;
526 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&cdg_data->qdiffmax_q, qdiff_lnk);
527 		qds->qdiff = qdiff_max;
528 		STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cdg_data->qdiffmax_q, qds, qdiff_lnk);
529 		--cdg_data->num_samples;
530 	} else {
531 		qds = uma_zalloc(qdiffsample_zone, M_NOWAIT);
532 		if (qds != NULL) {
533 			cdg_data->min_qtrend = cdg_data->min_qtrend +
534 			    qdiff_min / cdg_data->sample_q_size;
535 			qds->qdiff = qdiff_min;
536 			STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cdg_data->qdiffmin_q, qds,
537 			    qdiff_lnk);
538 		}
539 
540 		qds = uma_zalloc(qdiffsample_zone, M_NOWAIT);
541 		if (qds) {
542 			cdg_data->max_qtrend = cdg_data->max_qtrend +
543 			    qdiff_max / cdg_data->sample_q_size;
544 			qds->qdiff = qdiff_max;
545 			STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cdg_data->qdiffmax_q, qds,
546 			    qdiff_lnk);
547 		}
548 	}
549 }
550 
551 static void
552 cdg_ack_received(struct cc_var *ccv, uint16_t ack_type)
553 {
554 	struct cdg *cdg_data;
555 	struct ertt *e_t;
556 	long qdiff_max, qdiff_min;
557 	int congestion, new_measurement, slowstart;
558 
559 	cdg_data = ccv->cc_data;
560 	e_t = (struct ertt *)khelp_get_osd(CCV(ccv, osd), ertt_id);
561 	new_measurement = e_t->flags & ERTT_NEW_MEASUREMENT;
562 	congestion = 0;
563 	cdg_data->maxrtt_in_rtt = imax(e_t->rtt, cdg_data->maxrtt_in_rtt);
564 	cdg_data->minrtt_in_rtt = imin(e_t->rtt, cdg_data->minrtt_in_rtt);
565 
566 	if (new_measurement) {
567 		slowstart = (CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd) <= CCV(ccv, snd_ssthresh));
568 		/*
569 		 * Update smoothed gradient measurements. Since we are only
570 		 * using one measurement per RTT, use max or min rtt_in_rtt.
571 		 * This is also less noisy than a sample RTT measurement. Max
572 		 * RTT measurements can have trouble due to OS issues.
573 		 */
574 		if (cdg_data->maxrtt_in_prevrtt) {
575 			qdiff_max = ((long)(cdg_data->maxrtt_in_rtt -
576 			    cdg_data->maxrtt_in_prevrtt) << D_P_E );
577 			qdiff_min = ((long)(cdg_data->minrtt_in_rtt -
578 			    cdg_data->minrtt_in_prevrtt) << D_P_E );
579 
580 			calc_moving_average(cdg_data, qdiff_max, qdiff_min);
581 
582 			/* Probabilistic backoff with respect to gradient. */
583 			if (slowstart && qdiff_min > 0)
584 				congestion = prob_backoff(qdiff_min);
585 			else if (cdg_data->min_qtrend > 0)
586 				congestion = prob_backoff(cdg_data->min_qtrend);
587 			else if (slowstart && qdiff_max > 0)
588 				congestion = prob_backoff(qdiff_max);
589 			else if (cdg_data->max_qtrend > 0)
590 				congestion = prob_backoff(cdg_data->max_qtrend);
591 
592 			/* Update estimate of queue state. */
593 			if (cdg_data->min_qtrend > 0 &&
594 			    cdg_data->max_qtrend <= 0) {
595 				cdg_data->queue_state = CDG_Q_FULL;
596 			} else if (cdg_data->min_qtrend >= 0 &&
597 			    cdg_data->max_qtrend < 0) {
598 				cdg_data->queue_state = CDG_Q_EMPTY;
599 				cdg_data->shadow_w = 0;
600 			} else if (cdg_data->min_qtrend > 0 &&
601 			    cdg_data->max_qtrend > 0) {
602 				cdg_data->queue_state = CDG_Q_RISING;
603 			} else if (cdg_data->min_qtrend < 0 &&
604 			    cdg_data->max_qtrend < 0) {
605 				cdg_data->queue_state = CDG_Q_FALLING;
606 			}
607 
608 			if (cdg_data->min_qtrend < 0 ||
609 			    cdg_data->max_qtrend < 0)
610 				cdg_data->consec_cong_cnt = 0;
611 		}
612 
613 		cdg_data->minrtt_in_prevrtt = cdg_data->minrtt_in_rtt;
614 		cdg_data->minrtt_in_rtt = INT_MAX;
615 		cdg_data->maxrtt_in_prevrtt = cdg_data->maxrtt_in_rtt;
616 		cdg_data->maxrtt_in_rtt = 0;
617 		e_t->flags &= ~ERTT_NEW_MEASUREMENT;
618 	}
619 
620 	if (congestion) {
621 		cdg_data->consec_cong_cnt++;
622 		if (!IN_RECOVERY(CCV(ccv, t_flags))) {
623 			if (cdg_data->consec_cong_cnt <= V_cdg_consec_cong)
624 				cdg_cong_signal(ccv, CC_CDG_DELAY);
625 			else
626 				/*
627 				 * We have been backing off but the queue is not
628 				 * falling. Assume we are competing with
629 				 * loss-based flows and don't back off for the
630 				 * next V_cdg_hold_backoff RTT periods.
631 				 */
632 				if (cdg_data->consec_cong_cnt >=
633 				    V_cdg_consec_cong + V_cdg_hold_backoff)
634 					cdg_data->consec_cong_cnt = 0;
635 
636 			/* Won't see effect until 2nd RTT. */
637 			cdg_data->maxrtt_in_prevrtt = 0;
638 			/*
639 			 * Resync shadow window in case we are competing with a
640 			 * loss based flow
641 			 */
642 			cdg_data->shadow_w = ulmax(CCV(ccv, snd_cwnd),
643 			    cdg_data->shadow_w);
644 		}
645 	} else if (ack_type == CC_ACK)
646 		cdg_window_increase(ccv, new_measurement);
647 }
648 
649 /* When a vnet is created and being initialised, init the per-stack CDG vars. */
650 VNET_SYSINIT(cdg_init_vnet, SI_SUB_PROTO_BEGIN, SI_ORDER_FIRST,
651     cdg_init_vnet, NULL);
652 
653 SYSCTL_DECL(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg);
654 SYSCTL_NODE(_net_inet_tcp_cc, OID_AUTO, cdg, CTLFLAG_RW, NULL,
655     "CAIA delay-gradient congestion control related settings");
656 
657 SYSCTL_STRING(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, version,
658     CTLFLAG_RD, CDG_VERSION, sizeof(CDG_VERSION) - 1,
659     "Current algorithm/implementation version number");
660 
661 SYSCTL_UINT(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, alpha_inc,
662     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(cdg_alpha_inc), 0,
663     "Increment the window increase factor alpha by 1 MSS segment every "
664     "alpha_inc RTTs during congestion avoidance mode.");
665 
666 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, beta_delay,
667     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(cdg_beta_delay), 70,
668     &cdg_beta_handler, "IU",
669     "Delay-based window decrease factor as a percentage "
670     "(on delay-based backoff, w = w * beta_delay / 100)");
671 
672 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, beta_loss,
673     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(cdg_beta_loss), 50,
674     &cdg_beta_handler, "IU",
675     "Loss-based window decrease factor as a percentage "
676     "(on loss-based backoff, w = w * beta_loss / 100)");
677 
678 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, exp_backoff_scale,
679     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLTYPE_UINT | CTLFLAG_RW,
680     &VNET_NAME(cdg_exp_backoff_scale), 2, &cdg_exp_backoff_scale_handler, "IU",
681     "Scaling parameter for the probabilistic exponential backoff");
682 
683 SYSCTL_UINT(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg,  OID_AUTO, smoothing_factor,
684     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(cdg_smoothing_factor), 8,
685     "Number of samples used for moving average smoothing (0 = no smoothing)");
686 
687 SYSCTL_UINT(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, loss_compete_consec_cong,
688     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(cdg_consec_cong), 5,
689     "Number of consecutive delay-gradient based congestion episodes which will "
690     "trigger loss based CC compatibility");
691 
692 SYSCTL_UINT(_net_inet_tcp_cc_cdg, OID_AUTO, loss_compete_hold_backoff,
693     CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(cdg_hold_backoff), 5,
694     "Number of consecutive delay-gradient based congestion episodes to hold "
695     "the window backoff for loss based CC compatibility");
696 
697 DECLARE_CC_MODULE(cdg, &cdg_cc_algo);
698 
699 MODULE_DEPEND(cdg, ertt, 1, 1, 1);
700