xref: /freebsd/sys/net80211/ieee80211_phy.c (revision 721351876cd4d3a8a700f62d2061331fa951a488)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Sam Leffler, Errno Consulting
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
27 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
28 
29 /*
30  * IEEE 802.11 PHY-related support.
31  */
32 
33 #include "opt_inet.h"
34 
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/kernel.h>
37 #include <sys/systm.h>
38 
39 #include <sys/socket.h>
40 
41 #include <net/if.h>
42 #include <net/if_media.h>
43 
44 #include <net80211/ieee80211_var.h>
45 #include <net80211/ieee80211_phy.h>
46 
47 #ifdef notyet
48 struct ieee80211_ds_plcp_hdr {
49 	uint8_t		i_signal;
50 	uint8_t		i_service;
51 	uint16_t	i_length;
52 	uint16_t	i_crc;
53 } __packed;
54 
55 #endif	/* notyet */
56 
57 /* shorthands to compact tables for readability */
58 #define	OFDM	IEEE80211_T_OFDM
59 #define	CCK	IEEE80211_T_CCK
60 #define	TURBO	IEEE80211_T_TURBO
61 #define	PBCC	(IEEE80211_T_HT+1)		/* XXX */
62 
63 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_11b_table = {
64 	4,  /* number of rates, XXX no PBCC */
65 	{ 0 },
66 	{
67 /*                               short            ctrl  */
68 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
69 /*   1 Mb */ {  CCK,    1000,    0x00, (0x80| 2),   0 },
70 /*   2 Mb */ {  CCK,    2000,    0x04, (0x80| 4),   1 },
71 /* 5.5 Mb */ {  CCK,    5500,    0x04, (0x80|11),   1 },
72 /*  11 Mb */ {  CCK,   11000,    0x04, (0x80|22),   1 },
73 /*  22 Mb */ { PBCC,   22000,    0x04,        44,   3 }
74 	},
75 };
76 
77 
78 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_11g_table = {
79 	12,  /* number of rates */
80 	{ 0 },
81 	{
82 /*                               short            ctrl  */
83 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
84 /*   1 Mb */ {  CCK,     1000,    0x00, (0x80| 2),   0 },
85 /*   2 Mb */ {  CCK,     2000,    0x04, (0x80| 4),   1 },
86 /* 5.5 Mb */ {  CCK,     5500,    0x04, (0x80|11),   2 },
87 /*  11 Mb */ {  CCK,    11000,    0x04, (0x80|22),   3 },
88 /*   6 Mb */ {  OFDM,    6000,    0x00,        12,   4 },
89 /*   9 Mb */ {  OFDM,    9000,    0x00,        18,   4 },
90 /*  12 Mb */ {  OFDM,   12000,    0x00,        24,   6 },
91 /*  18 Mb */ {  OFDM,   18000,    0x00,        36,   6 },
92 /*  24 Mb */ {  OFDM,   24000,    0x00,        48,   8 },
93 /*  36 Mb */ {  OFDM,   36000,    0x00,        72,   8 },
94 /*  48 Mb */ {  OFDM,   48000,    0x00,        96,   8 },
95 /*  54 Mb */ {  OFDM,   54000,    0x00,       108,   8 }
96 	},
97 };
98 
99 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_11a_table = {
100 	8,  /* number of rates */
101 	{ 0 },
102 	{
103 /*                               short            ctrl  */
104 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
105 /*   6 Mb */ {  OFDM,    6000,    0x00, (0x80|12),   0 },
106 /*   9 Mb */ {  OFDM,    9000,    0x00,        18,   0 },
107 /*  12 Mb */ {  OFDM,   12000,    0x00, (0x80|24),   2 },
108 /*  18 Mb */ {  OFDM,   18000,    0x00,        36,   2 },
109 /*  24 Mb */ {  OFDM,   24000,    0x00, (0x80|48),   4 },
110 /*  36 Mb */ {  OFDM,   36000,    0x00,        72,   4 },
111 /*  48 Mb */ {  OFDM,   48000,    0x00,        96,   4 },
112 /*  54 Mb */ {  OFDM,   54000,    0x00,       108,   4 }
113 	},
114 };
115 
116 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_half_table = {
117 	8,  /* number of rates */
118 	{ 0 },
119 	{
120 /*                               short            ctrl  */
121 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
122 /*   6 Mb */ {  OFDM,   3000,    0x00, (0x80| 6),  0 },
123 /*   9 Mb */ {  OFDM,   4500,    0x00,         9,  0 },
124 /*  12 Mb */ {  OFDM,   6000,    0x00, (0x80|12),  2 },
125 /*  18 Mb */ {  OFDM,   9000,    0x00,        18,  2 },
126 /*  24 Mb */ {  OFDM,  12000,    0x00, (0x80|24),  4 },
127 /*  36 Mb */ {  OFDM,  18000,    0x00,        36,  4 },
128 /*  48 Mb */ {  OFDM,  24000,    0x00,        48,  4 },
129 /*  54 Mb */ {  OFDM,  27000,    0x00,        54,  4 }
130 	},
131 };
132 
133 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_quarter_table = {
134 	8,  /* number of rates */
135 	{ 0 },
136 	{
137 /*                               short            ctrl  */
138 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
139 /*   6 Mb */ {  OFDM,    1500,    0x00, (0x80| 3),  0 },
140 /*   9 Mb */ {  OFDM,    2250,    0x00,         4,  0 },
141 /*  12 Mb */ {  OFDM,    3000,    0x00, (0x80| 6),  2 },
142 /*  18 Mb */ {  OFDM,    4500,    0x00,         9,  2 },
143 /*  24 Mb */ {  OFDM,    6000,    0x00, (0x80|12),  4 },
144 /*  36 Mb */ {  OFDM,    9000,    0x00,        18,  4 },
145 /*  48 Mb */ {  OFDM,   12000,    0x00,        24,  4 },
146 /*  54 Mb */ {  OFDM,   13500,    0x00,        27,  4 }
147 	},
148 };
149 
150 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_turbog_table = {
151 	7,  /* number of rates */
152 	{ 0 },
153 	{
154 /*                               short            ctrl  */
155 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
156 /*   6 Mb */ {  TURBO,   6000,    0x00, (0x80|12),   0 },
157 /*  12 Mb */ {  TURBO,  12000,    0x00, (0x80|24),   1 },
158 /*  18 Mb */ {  TURBO,  18000,    0x00,        36,   1 },
159 /*  24 Mb */ {  TURBO,  24000,    0x00, (0x80|48),   3 },
160 /*  36 Mb */ {  TURBO,  36000,    0x00,        72,   3 },
161 /*  48 Mb */ {  TURBO,  48000,    0x00,        96,   3 },
162 /*  54 Mb */ {  TURBO,  54000,    0x00,       108,   3 }
163 	},
164 };
165 
166 static struct ieee80211_rate_table ieee80211_turboa_table = {
167 	8,  /* number of rates */
168 	{ 0 },
169 	{
170 /*                               short            ctrl  */
171 /*                            Preamble  dot11Rate Rate */
172 /*   6 Mb */ {  TURBO,   6000,    0x00, (0x80|12),   0 },
173 /*   9 Mb */ {  TURBO,   9000,    0x00,        18,   0 },
174 /*  12 Mb */ {  TURBO,  12000,    0x00, (0x80|24),   2 },
175 /*  18 Mb */ {  TURBO,  18000,    0x00,        36,   2 },
176 /*  24 Mb */ {  TURBO,  24000,    0x00, (0x80|48),   4 },
177 /*  36 Mb */ {  TURBO,  36000,    0x00,        72,   4 },
178 /*  48 Mb */ {  TURBO,  48000,    0x00,        96,   4 },
179 /*  54 Mb */ {  TURBO,  54000,    0x00,       108,   4 }
180 	},
181 };
182 
183 #undef	OFDM
184 #undef	CCK
185 #undef	TURBO
186 #undef	XR
187 
188 /*
189  * Setup a rate table's reverse lookup table and fill in
190  * ack durations.  The reverse lookup tables are assumed
191  * to be initialized to zero (or at least the first entry).
192  * We use this as a key that indicates whether or not
193  * we've previously setup the reverse lookup table.
194  *
195  * XXX not reentrant, but shouldn't matter
196  */
197 static void
198 ieee80211_setup_ratetable(struct ieee80211_rate_table *rt)
199 {
200 #define	N(a)	(sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
201 #define	WLAN_CTRL_FRAME_SIZE \
202 	(sizeof(struct ieee80211_frame_ack) + IEEE80211_CRC_LEN)
203 
204 	int i;
205 
206 	for (i = 0; i < N(rt->rateCodeToIndex); i++)
207 		rt->rateCodeToIndex[i] = (uint8_t) -1;
208 	for (i = 0; i < rt->rateCount; i++) {
209 		uint8_t code = rt->info[i].dot11Rate;
210 		uint8_t cix = rt->info[i].ctlRateIndex;
211 		uint8_t ctl_rate = rt->info[cix].dot11Rate;
212 
213 		rt->rateCodeToIndex[code] = i;
214 		if (code & IEEE80211_RATE_BASIC) {
215 			/*
216 			 * Map w/o basic rate bit too.
217 			 */
218 			code &= IEEE80211_RATE_VAL;
219 			rt->rateCodeToIndex[code] = i;
220 		}
221 
222 		/*
223 		 * XXX for 11g the control rate to use for 5.5 and 11 Mb/s
224 		 *     depends on whether they are marked as basic rates;
225 		 *     the static tables are setup with an 11b-compatible
226 		 *     2Mb/s rate which will work but is suboptimal
227 		 *
228 		 * NB: Control rate is always less than or equal to the
229 		 *     current rate, so control rate's reverse lookup entry
230 		 *     has been installed and following call is safe.
231 		 */
232 		rt->info[i].lpAckDuration = ieee80211_compute_duration(rt,
233 			WLAN_CTRL_FRAME_SIZE, ctl_rate, 0);
234 		rt->info[i].spAckDuration = ieee80211_compute_duration(rt,
235 			WLAN_CTRL_FRAME_SIZE, ctl_rate, IEEE80211_F_SHPREAMBLE);
236 	}
237 
238 #undef WLAN_CTRL_FRAME_SIZE
239 #undef N
240 }
241 
242 /* Setup all rate tables */
243 static void
244 ieee80211_phy_init(void)
245 {
246 #define N(arr)	(int)(sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))
247 	static struct ieee80211_rate_table * const ratetables[] = {
248 		&ieee80211_half_table,
249 		&ieee80211_quarter_table,
250 		&ieee80211_11a_table,
251 		&ieee80211_11g_table,
252 		&ieee80211_turbog_table,
253 		&ieee80211_turboa_table,
254 		&ieee80211_turboa_table,
255 		&ieee80211_11a_table,
256 		&ieee80211_11g_table,
257 		&ieee80211_11b_table
258 	};
259 	int i;
260 
261 	for (i = 0; i < N(ratetables); ++i)
262 		ieee80211_setup_ratetable(ratetables[i]);
263 
264 #undef N
265 }
266 SYSINIT(wlan_phy, SI_SUB_DRIVERS, SI_ORDER_FIRST, ieee80211_phy_init, NULL);
267 
268 const struct ieee80211_rate_table *
269 ieee80211_get_ratetable(struct ieee80211_channel *c)
270 {
271 	const struct ieee80211_rate_table *rt;
272 
273 	/* XXX HT */
274 	if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_HALF(c))
275 		rt = &ieee80211_half_table;
276 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_QUARTER(c))
277 		rt = &ieee80211_quarter_table;
278 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_HTA(c))
279 		rt = &ieee80211_11a_table;	/* XXX */
280 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_HTG(c))
281 		rt = &ieee80211_11g_table;	/* XXX */
282 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_108G(c))
283 		rt = &ieee80211_turbog_table;
284 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_ST(c))
285 		rt = &ieee80211_turboa_table;
286 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_TURBO(c))
287 		rt = &ieee80211_turboa_table;
288 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_A(c))
289 		rt = &ieee80211_11a_table;
290 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_ANYG(c))
291 		rt = &ieee80211_11g_table;
292 	else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_B(c))
293 		rt = &ieee80211_11b_table;
294 	else {
295 		/* NB: should not get here */
296 		panic("%s: no rate table for channel; freq %u flags 0x%x\n",
297 		      __func__, c->ic_freq, c->ic_flags);
298 	}
299 	return rt;
300 }
301 
302 /*
303  * Convert PLCP signal/rate field to 802.11 rate (.5Mbits/s)
304  *
305  * Note we do no parameter checking; this routine is mainly
306  * used to derive an 802.11 rate for constructing radiotap
307  * header data for rx frames.
308  *
309  * XXX might be a candidate for inline
310  */
311 uint8_t
312 ieee80211_plcp2rate(uint8_t plcp, enum ieee80211_phytype type)
313 {
314 	if (type == IEEE80211_T_OFDM) {
315 		static const uint8_t ofdm_plcp2rate[16] = {
316 			[0xb]	= 12,
317 			[0xf]	= 18,
318 			[0xa]	= 24,
319 			[0xe]	= 36,
320 			[0x9]	= 48,
321 			[0xd]	= 72,
322 			[0x8]	= 96,
323 			[0xc]	= 108
324 		};
325 		return ofdm_plcp2rate[plcp & 0xf];
326 	}
327 	if (type == IEEE80211_T_CCK) {
328 		static const uint8_t cck_plcp2rate[16] = {
329 			[0xa]	= 2,	/* 0x0a */
330 			[0x4]	= 4,	/* 0x14 */
331 			[0x7]	= 11,	/* 0x37 */
332 			[0xe]	= 22,	/* 0x6e */
333 			[0xc]	= 44,	/* 0xdc , actually PBCC */
334 		};
335 		return cck_plcp2rate[plcp & 0xf];
336 	}
337 	return 0;
338 }
339 
340 /*
341  * Covert 802.11 rate to PLCP signal.
342  */
343 uint8_t
344 ieee80211_rate2plcp(int rate, enum ieee80211_phytype type)
345 {
346 	/* XXX ignore type for now since rates are unique */
347 	switch (rate) {
348 	/* OFDM rates (cf IEEE Std 802.11a-1999, pp. 14 Table 80) */
349 	case 12:	return 0xb;
350 	case 18:	return 0xf;
351 	case 24:	return 0xa;
352 	case 36:	return 0xe;
353 	case 48:	return 0x9;
354 	case 72:	return 0xd;
355 	case 96:	return 0x8;
356 	case 108:	return 0xc;
357 	/* CCK rates (IEEE Std 802.11b-1999 page 15, subclause 18.2.3.3) */
358 	case 2:		return 10;
359 	case 4:		return 20;
360 	case 11:	return 55;
361 	case 22:	return 110;
362 	/* IEEE Std 802.11g-2003 page 19, subclause 19.3.2.1 */
363 	case 44:	return 220;
364 	}
365 	return 0;		/* XXX unsupported/unknown rate */
366 }
367 
368 /*
369  * Compute the time to transmit a frame of length frameLen bytes
370  * using the specified rate, phy, and short preamble setting.
371  * SIFS is included.
372  */
373 uint16_t
374 ieee80211_compute_duration(const struct ieee80211_rate_table *rt,
375 	uint32_t frameLen, uint16_t rate, int isShortPreamble)
376 {
377 	uint8_t rix = rt->rateCodeToIndex[rate];
378 	uint32_t bitsPerSymbol, numBits, numSymbols, phyTime, txTime;
379 	uint32_t kbps;
380 
381 	KASSERT(rix != (uint8_t)-1, ("rate %d has no info", rate));
382 	kbps = rt->info[rix].rateKbps;
383 	if (kbps == 0)			/* XXX bandaid for channel changes */
384 		return 0;
385 
386 	switch (rt->info[rix].phy) {
387 	case IEEE80211_T_CCK:
388 #define CCK_SIFS_TIME		10
389 #define CCK_PREAMBLE_BITS	144
390 #define CCK_PLCP_BITS		48
391 		phyTime		= CCK_PREAMBLE_BITS + CCK_PLCP_BITS;
392 		if (isShortPreamble && rt->info[rix].shortPreamble)
393 			phyTime >>= 1;
394 		numBits		= frameLen << 3;
395 		txTime		= CCK_SIFS_TIME + phyTime
396 				+ ((numBits * 1000)/kbps);
397 		break;
398 #undef CCK_SIFS_TIME
399 #undef CCK_PREAMBLE_BITS
400 #undef CCK_PLCP_BITS
401 
402 	case IEEE80211_T_OFDM:
403 #define OFDM_SIFS_TIME		16
404 #define OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME	20
405 #define OFDM_PLCP_BITS		22
406 #define OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME	4
407 
408 #define OFDM_SIFS_TIME_HALF	32
409 #define OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME_HALF	40
410 #define OFDM_PLCP_BITS_HALF	22
411 #define OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME_HALF	8
412 
413 #define OFDM_SIFS_TIME_QUARTER 		64
414 #define OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME_QUARTER	80
415 #define OFDM_PLCP_BITS_QUARTER		22
416 #define OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME_QUARTER	16
417 		if (rt == &ieee80211_half_table) {
418 			bitsPerSymbol	= (kbps * OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME_QUARTER) / 1000;
419 			KASSERT(bitsPerSymbol != 0, ("1/2 rate bps"));
420 
421 			numBits		= OFDM_PLCP_BITS + (frameLen << 3);
422 			numSymbols	= howmany(numBits, bitsPerSymbol);
423 			txTime		= OFDM_SIFS_TIME_QUARTER
424 					+ OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME_QUARTER
425 					+ (numSymbols * OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME_QUARTER);
426 		} else if (rt == &ieee80211_quarter_table) {
427 			bitsPerSymbol	= (kbps * OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME_HALF) / 1000;
428 			KASSERT(bitsPerSymbol != 0, ("1/4 rate bps"));
429 
430 			numBits		= OFDM_PLCP_BITS + (frameLen << 3);
431 			numSymbols	= howmany(numBits, bitsPerSymbol);
432 			txTime		= OFDM_SIFS_TIME_HALF
433 					+ OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME_HALF
434 					+ (numSymbols * OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME_HALF);
435 		} else { /* full rate channel */
436 			bitsPerSymbol	= (kbps * OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME) / 1000;
437 			KASSERT(bitsPerSymbol != 0, ("full rate bps"));
438 
439 			numBits		= OFDM_PLCP_BITS + (frameLen << 3);
440 			numSymbols	= howmany(numBits, bitsPerSymbol);
441 			txTime		= OFDM_SIFS_TIME
442 					+ OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME
443 					+ (numSymbols * OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME);
444 		}
445 		break;
446 
447 #undef OFDM_SIFS_TIME
448 #undef OFDM_PREAMBLE_TIME
449 #undef OFDM_PLCP_BITS
450 #undef OFDM_SYMBOL_TIME
451 
452 	case IEEE80211_T_TURBO:
453 #define TURBO_SIFS_TIME		8
454 #define TURBO_PREAMBLE_TIME	14
455 #define TURBO_PLCP_BITS		22
456 #define TURBO_SYMBOL_TIME	4
457 		/* we still save OFDM rates in kbps - so double them */
458 		bitsPerSymbol = ((kbps << 1) * TURBO_SYMBOL_TIME) / 1000;
459 		KASSERT(bitsPerSymbol != 0, ("turbo bps"));
460 
461 		numBits       = TURBO_PLCP_BITS + (frameLen << 3);
462 		numSymbols    = howmany(numBits, bitsPerSymbol);
463 		txTime        = TURBO_SIFS_TIME + TURBO_PREAMBLE_TIME
464 			      + (numSymbols * TURBO_SYMBOL_TIME);
465 		break;
466 #undef TURBO_SIFS_TIME
467 #undef TURBO_PREAMBLE_TIME
468 #undef TURBO_PLCP_BITS
469 #undef TURBO_SYMBOL_TIME
470 
471 	default:
472 		panic("%s: unknown phy %u (rate %u)\n", __func__,
473 		      rt->info[rix].phy, rate);
474 		break;
475 	}
476 	return txTime;
477 }
478