xref: /freebsd/sys/net/route/nhop.c (revision efe014e6b177ba1b0d70f7df751f5066d4eafe9b)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2020 Alexander V. Chernikov
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
16  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
19  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
21  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
22  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
23  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
24  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
25  * SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
29 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
30 #include "opt_inet.h"
31 #include "opt_route.h"
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/systm.h>
35 #include <sys/lock.h>
36 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
37 #include <sys/malloc.h>
38 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
39 #include <sys/socket.h>
40 #include <sys/kernel.h>
41 
42 #include <net/if.h>
43 #include <net/if_var.h>
44 #include <net/route.h>
45 #include <net/route/route_var.h>
46 #include <net/route/nhop_utils.h>
47 #include <net/route/nhop.h>
48 #include <net/route/nhop_var.h>
49 #include <net/vnet.h>
50 
51 /*
52  * This file contains data structures management logic for the nexthop ("nhop")
53  *   route subsystem.
54  *
55  * Nexthops in the original sense are the objects containing all the necessary
56  * information to forward the packet to the selected destination.
57  * In particular, nexthop is defined by a combination of
58  *  ifp, ifa, aifp, mtu, gw addr(if set), nh_type, nh_family, mask of rt_flags and
59  *    NHF_DEFAULT
60  *
61  * All nexthops are stored in the resizable hash table.
62  * Additionally, each nexthop gets assigned its unique index (nexthop index)
63  * so userland programs can interact with the nexthops easier. Index allocation
64  * is backed by the bitmask array.
65  */
66 
67 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_NHOP, "nhops", "nexthops data");
68 
69 /* Hash management functions */
70 
71 int
72 nhops_init_rib(struct rib_head *rh)
73 {
74 	struct nh_control *ctl;
75 	size_t alloc_size;
76 	uint32_t num_buckets, num_items;
77 	void *ptr;
78 
79 	ctl = malloc(sizeof(struct nh_control), M_NHOP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
80 
81 	/*
82 	 * Allocate nexthop hash. Start with 16 items by default (128 bytes).
83 	 * This will be enough for most of the cases.
84 	 */
85 	num_buckets = 16;
86 	alloc_size = CHT_SLIST_GET_RESIZE_SIZE(num_buckets);
87 	ptr = malloc(alloc_size, M_NHOP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
88 	CHT_SLIST_INIT(&ctl->nh_head, ptr, num_buckets);
89 
90 	/*
91 	 * Allocate nexthop index bitmask.
92 	 */
93 	num_items = 128 * 8; /* 128 bytes */
94 	ptr = malloc(bitmask_get_size(num_items), M_NHOP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
95 	bitmask_init(&ctl->nh_idx_head, ptr, num_items);
96 
97 	NHOPS_LOCK_INIT(ctl);
98 
99 	rh->nh_control = ctl;
100 	ctl->ctl_rh = rh;
101 
102 	DPRINTF("NHOPS init for fib %u af %u: ctl %p rh %p", rh->rib_fibnum,
103 	    rh->rib_family, ctl, rh);
104 
105 	return (0);
106 }
107 
108 static void
109 destroy_ctl(struct nh_control *ctl)
110 {
111 
112 	NHOPS_LOCK_DESTROY(ctl);
113 	free(ctl->nh_head.ptr, M_NHOP);
114 	free(ctl->nh_idx_head.idx, M_NHOP);
115 #ifdef ROUTE_MPATH
116 	nhgrp_ctl_free(ctl);
117 #endif
118 	free(ctl, M_NHOP);
119 }
120 
121 /*
122  * Epoch callback indicating ctl is safe to destroy
123  */
124 static void
125 destroy_ctl_epoch(epoch_context_t ctx)
126 {
127 	struct nh_control *ctl;
128 
129 	ctl = __containerof(ctx, struct nh_control, ctl_epoch_ctx);
130 
131 	destroy_ctl(ctl);
132 }
133 
134 void
135 nhops_destroy_rib(struct rib_head *rh)
136 {
137 	struct nh_control *ctl;
138 	struct nhop_priv *nh_priv;
139 
140 	ctl = rh->nh_control;
141 
142 	/*
143 	 * All routes should have been deleted in rt_table_destroy().
144 	 * However, TCP stack or other consumers may store referenced
145 	 *  nexthop pointers. When these references go to zero,
146 	 *  nhop_free() will try to unlink these records from the
147 	 *  datastructures, most likely leading to panic.
148 	 *
149 	 * Avoid that by explicitly marking all of the remaining
150 	 *  nexthops as unlinked by removing a reference from a special
151 	 *  counter. Please see nhop_free() comments for more
152 	 *  details.
153 	 */
154 
155 	NHOPS_WLOCK(ctl);
156 	CHT_SLIST_FOREACH(&ctl->nh_head, nhops, nh_priv) {
157 		DPRINTF("Marking nhop %u unlinked", nh_priv->nh_idx);
158 		refcount_release(&nh_priv->nh_linked);
159 	} CHT_SLIST_FOREACH_END;
160 #ifdef ROUTE_MPATH
161 	nhgrp_ctl_unlink_all(ctl);
162 #endif
163 	NHOPS_WUNLOCK(ctl);
164 
165 	/*
166 	 * Postpone destruction till the end of current epoch
167 	 * so nhop_free() can safely use nh_control pointer.
168 	 */
169 	epoch_call(net_epoch_preempt, destroy_ctl_epoch,
170 	    &ctl->ctl_epoch_ctx);
171 }
172 
173 /*
174  * Nexhop hash calculation:
175  *
176  * Nexthops distribution:
177  * 2 "mandatory" nexthops per interface ("interface route", "loopback").
178  * For direct peering: 1 nexthop for the peering router per ifp/af.
179  * For Ix-like peering: tens to hundreds nexthops of neghbors per ifp/af.
180  * IGP control plane & broadcast segment: tens of nexthops per ifp/af.
181  *
182  * Each fib/af combination has its own hash table.
183  * With that in mind, hash nexthops by the combination of the interface
184  *  and GW IP address.
185  *
186  * To optimize hash calculation, ignore higher bytes of ifindex, as they
187  *  give very little entropy.
188  * Similarly, use lower 4 bytes of IPv6 address to distinguish between the
189  *  neighbors.
190  */
191 struct _hash_data {
192 	uint16_t	ifindex;
193 	uint8_t		family;
194 	uint8_t		nh_type;
195 	uint32_t	gw_addr;
196 };
197 
198 static unsigned
199 djb_hash(const unsigned char *h, const int len)
200 {
201 	unsigned int result = 0;
202 	int i;
203 
204 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
205 		result = 33 * result ^ h[i];
206 
207 	return (result);
208 }
209 
210 static uint32_t
211 hash_priv(const struct nhop_priv *priv)
212 {
213 	struct nhop_object *nh;
214 	uint16_t ifindex;
215 	struct _hash_data key;
216 
217 	nh = priv->nh;
218 	ifindex = nh->nh_ifp->if_index & 0xFFFF;
219 	memset(&key, 0, sizeof(key));
220 
221 	key.ifindex = ifindex;
222 	key.family = nh->gw_sa.sa_family;
223 	key.nh_type = priv->nh_type & 0xFF;
224 	if (nh->gw_sa.sa_family == AF_INET6)
225 		memcpy(&key.gw_addr, &nh->gw6_sa.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3], 4);
226 	else if (nh->gw_sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
227 		memcpy(&key.gw_addr, &nh->gw4_sa.sin_addr, 4);
228 
229 	return (uint32_t)(djb_hash((const unsigned char *)&key, sizeof(key)));
230 }
231 
232 /*
233  * Checks if hash needs resizing and performs this resize if necessary
234  *
235  */
236 static void
237 consider_resize(struct nh_control *ctl, uint32_t new_nh_buckets, uint32_t new_idx_items)
238 {
239 	void *nh_ptr, *nh_idx_ptr;
240 	void *old_idx_ptr;
241 	size_t alloc_size;
242 
243 	nh_ptr = NULL;
244 	if (new_nh_buckets != 0) {
245 		alloc_size = CHT_SLIST_GET_RESIZE_SIZE(new_nh_buckets);
246 		nh_ptr = malloc(alloc_size, M_NHOP, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
247 	}
248 
249 	nh_idx_ptr = NULL;
250 	if (new_idx_items != 0) {
251 		alloc_size = bitmask_get_size(new_idx_items);
252 		nh_idx_ptr = malloc(alloc_size, M_NHOP, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
253 	}
254 
255 	if (nh_ptr == NULL && nh_idx_ptr == NULL) {
256 		/* Either resize is not required or allocations have failed. */
257 		return;
258 	}
259 
260 	DPRINTF("going to resize: nh:[ptr:%p sz:%u] idx:[ptr:%p sz:%u]", nh_ptr,
261 	    new_nh_buckets, nh_idx_ptr, new_idx_items);
262 
263 	old_idx_ptr = NULL;
264 
265 	NHOPS_WLOCK(ctl);
266 	if (nh_ptr != NULL) {
267 		CHT_SLIST_RESIZE(&ctl->nh_head, nhops, nh_ptr, new_nh_buckets);
268 	}
269 	if (nh_idx_ptr != NULL) {
270 		if (bitmask_copy(&ctl->nh_idx_head, nh_idx_ptr, new_idx_items) == 0)
271 			bitmask_swap(&ctl->nh_idx_head, nh_idx_ptr, new_idx_items, &old_idx_ptr);
272 	}
273 	NHOPS_WUNLOCK(ctl);
274 
275 	if (nh_ptr != NULL)
276 		free(nh_ptr, M_NHOP);
277 	if (old_idx_ptr != NULL)
278 		free(old_idx_ptr, M_NHOP);
279 }
280 
281 /*
282  * Links nextop @nh_priv to the nexhop hash table and allocates
283  *  nexhop index.
284  * Returns allocated index or 0 on failure.
285  */
286 int
287 link_nhop(struct nh_control *ctl, struct nhop_priv *nh_priv)
288 {
289 	uint16_t idx;
290 	uint32_t num_buckets_new, num_items_new;
291 
292 	KASSERT((nh_priv->nh_idx == 0), ("nhop index is already allocated"));
293 	NHOPS_WLOCK(ctl);
294 
295 	/*
296 	 * Check if we need to resize hash and index.
297 	 * The following 2 functions returns either new size or 0
298 	 *  if resize is not required.
299 	 */
300 	num_buckets_new = CHT_SLIST_GET_RESIZE_BUCKETS(&ctl->nh_head);
301 	num_items_new = bitmask_get_resize_items(&ctl->nh_idx_head);
302 
303 	if (bitmask_alloc_idx(&ctl->nh_idx_head, &idx) != 0) {
304 		NHOPS_WUNLOCK(ctl);
305 		DPRINTF("Unable to allocate nhop index");
306 		RTSTAT_INC(rts_nh_idx_alloc_failure);
307 		consider_resize(ctl, num_buckets_new, num_items_new);
308 		return (0);
309 	}
310 
311 	nh_priv->nh_idx = idx;
312 	nh_priv->nh_control = ctl;
313 
314 	CHT_SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&ctl->nh_head, nhops, nh_priv);
315 
316 	NHOPS_WUNLOCK(ctl);
317 
318 	DPRINTF("Linked nhop priv %p to %d, hash %u, ctl %p", nh_priv, idx,
319 	    hash_priv(nh_priv), ctl);
320 	consider_resize(ctl, num_buckets_new, num_items_new);
321 
322 	return (idx);
323 }
324 
325 /*
326  * Unlinks nexthop specified by @nh_priv data from the hash.
327  *
328  * Returns found nexthop or NULL.
329  */
330 struct nhop_priv *
331 unlink_nhop(struct nh_control *ctl, struct nhop_priv *nh_priv_del)
332 {
333 	struct nhop_priv *priv_ret;
334 	int idx;
335 	uint32_t num_buckets_new, num_items_new;
336 
337 	idx = 0;
338 
339 	NHOPS_WLOCK(ctl);
340 	CHT_SLIST_REMOVE(&ctl->nh_head, nhops, nh_priv_del, priv_ret);
341 
342 	if (priv_ret != NULL) {
343 		idx = priv_ret->nh_idx;
344 		priv_ret->nh_idx = 0;
345 
346 		KASSERT((idx != 0), ("bogus nhop index 0"));
347 		if ((bitmask_free_idx(&ctl->nh_idx_head, idx)) != 0) {
348 			DPRINTF("Unable to remove index %d from fib %u af %d",
349 			    idx, ctl->ctl_rh->rib_fibnum,
350 			    ctl->ctl_rh->rib_family);
351 		}
352 	}
353 
354 	/* Check if hash or index needs to be resized */
355 	num_buckets_new = CHT_SLIST_GET_RESIZE_BUCKETS(&ctl->nh_head);
356 	num_items_new = bitmask_get_resize_items(&ctl->nh_idx_head);
357 
358 	NHOPS_WUNLOCK(ctl);
359 
360 	if (priv_ret == NULL)
361 		DPRINTF("Unable to unlink nhop priv %p from hash, hash %u ctl %p",
362 		    nh_priv_del, hash_priv(nh_priv_del), ctl);
363 	else
364 		DPRINTF("Unlinked nhop %p priv idx %d", priv_ret, idx);
365 
366 	consider_resize(ctl, num_buckets_new, num_items_new);
367 
368 	return (priv_ret);
369 }
370 
371 /*
372  * Searches for the nexthop by data specifcied in @nh_priv.
373  * Returns referenced nexthop or NULL.
374  */
375 struct nhop_priv *
376 find_nhop(struct nh_control *ctl, const struct nhop_priv *nh_priv)
377 {
378 	struct nhop_priv *nh_priv_ret;
379 
380 	NHOPS_RLOCK(ctl);
381 	CHT_SLIST_FIND_BYOBJ(&ctl->nh_head, nhops, nh_priv, nh_priv_ret);
382 	if (nh_priv_ret != NULL) {
383 		if (refcount_acquire_if_not_zero(&nh_priv_ret->nh_refcnt) == 0){
384 			/* refcount was 0 -> nhop is being deleted */
385 			nh_priv_ret = NULL;
386 		}
387 	}
388 	NHOPS_RUNLOCK(ctl);
389 
390 	return (nh_priv_ret);
391 }
392