xref: /freebsd/sys/net/netmap_user.h (revision c66ec88fed842fbaad62c30d510644ceb7bd2d71)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Universita` di Pisa
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  *
11  *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 /*
31  * $FreeBSD$
32  *
33  * Functions and macros to manipulate netmap structures and packets
34  * in userspace. See netmap(4) for more information.
35  *
36  * The address of the struct netmap_if, say nifp, is computed from the
37  * value returned from ioctl(.., NIOCREG, ...) and the mmap region:
38  *	ioctl(fd, NIOCREG, &req);
39  *	mem = mmap(0, ... );
40  *	nifp = NETMAP_IF(mem, req.nr_nifp);
41  *		(so simple, we could just do it manually)
42  *
43  * From there:
44  *	struct netmap_ring *NETMAP_TXRING(nifp, index)
45  *	struct netmap_ring *NETMAP_RXRING(nifp, index)
46  *		we can access ring->cur, ring->head, ring->tail, etc.
47  *
48  *	ring->slot[i] gives us the i-th slot (we can access
49  *		directly len, flags, buf_idx)
50  *
51  *	char *buf = NETMAP_BUF(ring, x) returns a pointer to
52  *		the buffer numbered x
53  *
54  * All ring indexes (head, cur, tail) should always move forward.
55  * To compute the next index in a circular ring you can use
56  *	i = nm_ring_next(ring, i);
57  *
58  * To ease porting apps from pcap to netmap we supply a few fuctions
59  * that can be called to open, close, read and write on netmap in a way
60  * similar to libpcap. Note that the read/write function depend on
61  * an ioctl()/select()/poll() being issued to refill rings or push
62  * packets out.
63  *
64  * In order to use these, include #define NETMAP_WITH_LIBS
65  * in the source file that invokes these functions.
66  */
67 
68 #ifndef _NET_NETMAP_USER_H_
69 #define _NET_NETMAP_USER_H_
70 
71 #define NETMAP_DEVICE_NAME "/dev/netmap"
72 
73 #ifdef __CYGWIN__
74 /*
75  * we can compile userspace apps with either cygwin or msvc,
76  * and we use _WIN32 to identify windows specific code
77  */
78 #ifndef _WIN32
79 #define _WIN32
80 #endif	/* _WIN32 */
81 
82 #endif	/* __CYGWIN__ */
83 
84 #ifdef _WIN32
85 #undef NETMAP_DEVICE_NAME
86 #define NETMAP_DEVICE_NAME "/proc/sys/DosDevices/Global/netmap"
87 #include <windows.h>
88 #include <WinDef.h>
89 #include <sys/cygwin.h>
90 #endif /* _WIN32 */
91 
92 #include <stdint.h>
93 #include <sys/socket.h>		/* apple needs sockaddr */
94 #include <net/if.h>		/* IFNAMSIZ */
95 #include <ctype.h>
96 #include <string.h>	/* memset */
97 #include <sys/time.h>   /* gettimeofday */
98 
99 #ifndef likely
100 #define likely(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
101 #define unlikely(x)	__builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
102 #endif /* likely and unlikely */
103 
104 #include <net/netmap.h>
105 
106 /* helper macro */
107 #define _NETMAP_OFFSET(type, ptr, offset) \
108 	((type)(void *)((char *)(ptr) + (offset)))
109 
110 #define NETMAP_IF(_base, _ofs)	_NETMAP_OFFSET(struct netmap_if *, _base, _ofs)
111 
112 #define NETMAP_TXRING(nifp, index) _NETMAP_OFFSET(struct netmap_ring *, \
113 	nifp, (nifp)->ring_ofs[index] )
114 
115 #define NETMAP_RXRING(nifp, index) _NETMAP_OFFSET(struct netmap_ring *,	\
116 	nifp, (nifp)->ring_ofs[index + (nifp)->ni_tx_rings + 		\
117 		(nifp)->ni_host_tx_rings] )
118 
119 #define NETMAP_BUF(ring, index)				\
120 	((char *)(ring) + (ring)->buf_ofs + ((size_t)(index)*(ring)->nr_buf_size))
121 
122 #define NETMAP_BUF_IDX(ring, buf)			\
123 	( ((char *)(buf) - ((char *)(ring) + (ring)->buf_ofs) ) / \
124 		(ring)->nr_buf_size )
125 
126 static inline uint32_t
127 nm_ring_next(struct netmap_ring *r, uint32_t i)
128 {
129 	return ( unlikely(i + 1 == r->num_slots) ? 0 : i + 1);
130 }
131 
132 /*
133  * Return 1 if we have pending transmissions in the tx ring.
134  * When everything is complete ring->head = ring->tail + 1 (modulo ring size)
135  */
136 static inline int
137 nm_tx_pending(struct netmap_ring *r)
138 {
139 	return nm_ring_next(r, r->tail) != r->head;
140 }
141 
142 /* Compute the number of slots available in the netmap ring. We use
143  * ring->head as explained in the comment above nm_ring_empty(). */
144 static inline uint32_t
145 nm_ring_space(struct netmap_ring *ring)
146 {
147         int ret = ring->tail - ring->head;
148         if (ret < 0)
149                 ret += ring->num_slots;
150         return ret;
151 }
152 
153 #ifndef ND /* debug macros */
154 /* debug support */
155 #define ND(_fmt, ...) do {} while(0)
156 #define D(_fmt, ...)						\
157 	do {							\
158 		struct timeval _t0;				\
159 		gettimeofday(&_t0, NULL);			\
160 		fprintf(stderr, "%03d.%06d %s [%d] " _fmt "\n",	\
161 		    (int)(_t0.tv_sec % 1000), (int)_t0.tv_usec,	\
162 		    __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
163         } while (0)
164 
165 /* Rate limited version of "D", lps indicates how many per second */
166 #define RD(lps, format, ...)                                    \
167     do {                                                        \
168         static int __t0, __cnt;                                 \
169         struct timeval __xxts;                                  \
170         gettimeofday(&__xxts, NULL);                            \
171         if (__t0 != __xxts.tv_sec) {                            \
172             __t0 = __xxts.tv_sec;                               \
173             __cnt = 0;                                          \
174         }                                                       \
175         if (__cnt++ < lps) {                                    \
176             D(format, ##__VA_ARGS__);                           \
177         }                                                       \
178     } while (0)
179 #endif
180 
181 /*
182  * this is a slightly optimized copy routine which rounds
183  * to multiple of 64 bytes and is often faster than dealing
184  * with other odd sizes. We assume there is enough room
185  * in the source and destination buffers.
186  */
187 static inline void
188 nm_pkt_copy(const void *_src, void *_dst, int l)
189 {
190 	const uint64_t *src = (const uint64_t *)_src;
191 	uint64_t *dst = (uint64_t *)_dst;
192 
193 	if (unlikely(l >= 1024 || l % 64)) {
194 		memcpy(dst, src, l);
195 		return;
196 	}
197 	for (; likely(l > 0); l-=64) {
198 		*dst++ = *src++;
199 		*dst++ = *src++;
200 		*dst++ = *src++;
201 		*dst++ = *src++;
202 		*dst++ = *src++;
203 		*dst++ = *src++;
204 		*dst++ = *src++;
205 		*dst++ = *src++;
206 	}
207 }
208 
209 #ifdef NETMAP_WITH_LIBS
210 /*
211  * Support for simple I/O libraries.
212  * Include other system headers required for compiling this.
213  */
214 
215 #ifndef HAVE_NETMAP_WITH_LIBS
216 #define HAVE_NETMAP_WITH_LIBS
217 
218 #include <stdio.h>
219 #include <sys/time.h>
220 #include <sys/mman.h>
221 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
222 #include <sys/errno.h>	/* EINVAL */
223 #include <fcntl.h>	/* O_RDWR */
224 #include <unistd.h>	/* close() */
225 #include <signal.h>
226 #include <stdlib.h>
227 
228 struct nm_pkthdr {	/* first part is the same as pcap_pkthdr */
229 	struct timeval	ts;
230 	uint32_t	caplen;
231 	uint32_t	len;
232 
233 	uint64_t flags;	/* NM_MORE_PKTS etc */
234 #define NM_MORE_PKTS	1
235 	struct nm_desc *d;
236 	struct netmap_slot *slot;
237 	uint8_t *buf;
238 };
239 
240 struct nm_stat {	/* same as pcap_stat	*/
241 	u_int	ps_recv;
242 	u_int	ps_drop;
243 	u_int	ps_ifdrop;
244 #ifdef WIN32 /* XXX or _WIN32 ? */
245 	u_int	bs_capt;
246 #endif /* WIN32 */
247 };
248 
249 #define NM_ERRBUF_SIZE	512
250 
251 struct nm_desc {
252 	struct nm_desc *self; /* point to self if netmap. */
253 	int fd;
254 	void *mem;
255 	size_t memsize;
256 	int done_mmap;	/* set if mem is the result of mmap */
257 	struct netmap_if * const nifp;
258 	uint16_t first_tx_ring, last_tx_ring, cur_tx_ring;
259 	uint16_t first_rx_ring, last_rx_ring, cur_rx_ring;
260 	struct nmreq req;	/* also contains the nr_name = ifname */
261 	struct nm_pkthdr hdr;
262 
263 	/*
264 	 * The memory contains netmap_if, rings and then buffers.
265 	 * Given a pointer (e.g. to nm_inject) we can compare with
266 	 * mem/buf_start/buf_end to tell if it is a buffer or
267 	 * some other descriptor in our region.
268 	 * We also store a pointer to some ring as it helps in the
269 	 * translation from buffer indexes to addresses.
270 	 */
271 	struct netmap_ring * const some_ring;
272 	void * const buf_start;
273 	void * const buf_end;
274 	/* parameters from pcap_open_live */
275 	int snaplen;
276 	int promisc;
277 	int to_ms;
278 	char *errbuf;
279 
280 	/* save flags so we can restore them on close */
281 	uint32_t if_flags;
282         uint32_t if_reqcap;
283         uint32_t if_curcap;
284 
285 	struct nm_stat st;
286 	char msg[NM_ERRBUF_SIZE];
287 };
288 
289 /*
290  * when the descriptor is open correctly, d->self == d
291  * Eventually we should also use some magic number.
292  */
293 #define P2NMD(p)		((const struct nm_desc *)(p))
294 #define IS_NETMAP_DESC(d)	((d) && P2NMD(d)->self == P2NMD(d))
295 #define NETMAP_FD(d)		(P2NMD(d)->fd)
296 
297 /*
298  * The callback, invoked on each received packet. Same as libpcap
299  */
300 typedef void (*nm_cb_t)(u_char *, const struct nm_pkthdr *, const u_char *d);
301 
302 /*
303  *--- the pcap-like API ---
304  *
305  * nm_open() opens a file descriptor, binds to a port and maps memory.
306  *
307  * ifname	(netmap:foo or vale:foo) is the port name
308  *		a suffix can indicate the follwing:
309  *		^		bind the host (sw) ring pair
310  *		*		bind host and NIC ring pairs
311  *		-NN		bind individual NIC ring pair
312  *		{NN		bind master side of pipe NN
313  *		}NN		bind slave side of pipe NN
314  *		a suffix starting with / and the following flags,
315  *		in any order:
316  *		x		exclusive access
317  *		z		zero copy monitor (both tx and rx)
318  *		t		monitor tx side (copy monitor)
319  *		r		monitor rx side (copy monitor)
320  *		R		bind only RX ring(s)
321  *		T		bind only TX ring(s)
322  *
323  * req		provides the initial values of nmreq before parsing ifname.
324  *		Remember that the ifname parsing will override the ring
325  *		number in nm_ringid, and part of nm_flags;
326  * flags	special functions, normally 0
327  *		indicates which fields of *arg are significant
328  * arg		special functions, normally NULL
329  *		if passed a netmap_desc with mem != NULL,
330  *		use that memory instead of mmap.
331  */
332 
333 static struct nm_desc *nm_open(const char *ifname, const struct nmreq *req,
334 	uint64_t flags, const struct nm_desc *arg);
335 
336 /*
337  * nm_open can import some fields from the parent descriptor.
338  * These flags control which ones.
339  * Also in flags you can specify NETMAP_NO_TX_POLL and NETMAP_DO_RX_POLL,
340  * which set the initial value for these flags.
341  * Note that the 16 low bits of the flags are reserved for data
342  * that may go into the nmreq.
343  */
344 enum {
345 	NM_OPEN_NO_MMAP =	0x040000, /* reuse mmap from parent */
346 	NM_OPEN_IFNAME =	0x080000, /* nr_name, nr_ringid, nr_flags */
347 	NM_OPEN_ARG1 =		0x100000,
348 	NM_OPEN_ARG2 =		0x200000,
349 	NM_OPEN_ARG3 =		0x400000,
350 	NM_OPEN_RING_CFG =	0x800000, /* tx|rx rings|slots */
351 };
352 
353 /*
354  * nm_close()	closes and restores the port to its previous state
355  */
356 
357 static int nm_close(struct nm_desc *);
358 
359 /*
360  * nm_mmap()    do mmap or inherit from parent if the nr_arg2
361  *              (memory block) matches.
362  */
363 
364 static int nm_mmap(struct nm_desc *, const struct nm_desc *);
365 
366 /*
367  * nm_inject() is the same as pcap_inject()
368  * nm_dispatch() is the same as pcap_dispatch()
369  * nm_nextpkt() is the same as pcap_next()
370  */
371 
372 static int nm_inject(struct nm_desc *, const void *, size_t);
373 static int nm_dispatch(struct nm_desc *, int, nm_cb_t, u_char *);
374 static u_char *nm_nextpkt(struct nm_desc *, struct nm_pkthdr *);
375 
376 #ifdef _WIN32
377 
378 intptr_t _get_osfhandle(int); /* defined in io.h in windows */
379 
380 /*
381  * In windows we do not have yet native poll support, so we keep track
382  * of file descriptors associated to netmap ports to emulate poll on
383  * them and fall back on regular poll on other file descriptors.
384  */
385 struct win_netmap_fd_list {
386 	struct win_netmap_fd_list *next;
387 	int win_netmap_fd;
388 	HANDLE win_netmap_handle;
389 };
390 
391 /*
392  * list head containing all the netmap opened fd and their
393  * windows HANDLE counterparts
394  */
395 static struct win_netmap_fd_list *win_netmap_fd_list_head;
396 
397 static void
398 win_insert_fd_record(int fd)
399 {
400 	struct win_netmap_fd_list *curr;
401 
402 	for (curr = win_netmap_fd_list_head; curr; curr = curr->next) {
403 		if (fd == curr->win_netmap_fd) {
404 			return;
405 		}
406 	}
407 	curr = calloc(1, sizeof(*curr));
408 	curr->next = win_netmap_fd_list_head;
409 	curr->win_netmap_fd = fd;
410 	curr->win_netmap_handle = IntToPtr(_get_osfhandle(fd));
411 	win_netmap_fd_list_head = curr;
412 }
413 
414 void
415 win_remove_fd_record(int fd)
416 {
417 	struct win_netmap_fd_list *curr = win_netmap_fd_list_head;
418 	struct win_netmap_fd_list *prev = NULL;
419 	for (; curr ; prev = curr, curr = curr->next) {
420 		if (fd != curr->win_netmap_fd)
421 			continue;
422 		/* found the entry */
423 		if (prev == NULL) { /* we are freeing the first entry */
424 			win_netmap_fd_list_head = curr->next;
425 		} else {
426 			prev->next = curr->next;
427 		}
428 		free(curr);
429 		break;
430 	}
431 }
432 
433 HANDLE
434 win_get_netmap_handle(int fd)
435 {
436 	struct win_netmap_fd_list *curr;
437 
438 	for (curr = win_netmap_fd_list_head; curr; curr = curr->next) {
439 		if (fd == curr->win_netmap_fd) {
440 			return curr->win_netmap_handle;
441 		}
442 	}
443 	return NULL;
444 }
445 
446 /*
447  * we need to wrap ioctl and mmap, at least for the netmap file descriptors
448  */
449 
450 /*
451  * use this function only from netmap_user.h internal functions
452  * same as ioctl, returns 0 on success and -1 on error
453  */
454 static int
455 win_nm_ioctl_internal(HANDLE h, int32_t ctlCode, void *arg)
456 {
457 	DWORD bReturn = 0, szIn, szOut;
458 	BOOL ioctlReturnStatus;
459 	void *inParam = arg, *outParam = arg;
460 
461 	switch (ctlCode) {
462 	case NETMAP_POLL:
463 		szIn = sizeof(POLL_REQUEST_DATA);
464 		szOut = sizeof(POLL_REQUEST_DATA);
465 		break;
466 	case NETMAP_MMAP:
467 		szIn = 0;
468 		szOut = sizeof(void*);
469 		inParam = NULL; /* nothing on input */
470 		break;
471 	case NIOCTXSYNC:
472 	case NIOCRXSYNC:
473 		szIn = 0;
474 		szOut = 0;
475 		break;
476 	case NIOCREGIF:
477 		szIn = sizeof(struct nmreq);
478 		szOut = sizeof(struct nmreq);
479 		break;
480 	case NIOCCONFIG:
481 		D("unsupported NIOCCONFIG!");
482 		return -1;
483 
484 	default: /* a regular ioctl */
485 		D("invalid ioctl %x on netmap fd", ctlCode);
486 		return -1;
487 	}
488 
489 	ioctlReturnStatus = DeviceIoControl(h,
490 				ctlCode, inParam, szIn,
491 				outParam, szOut,
492 				&bReturn, NULL);
493 	// XXX note windows returns 0 on error or async call, 1 on success
494 	// we could call GetLastError() to figure out what happened
495 	return ioctlReturnStatus ? 0 : -1;
496 }
497 
498 /*
499  * this function is what must be called from user-space programs
500  * same as ioctl, returns 0 on success and -1 on error
501  */
502 static int
503 win_nm_ioctl(int fd, int32_t ctlCode, void *arg)
504 {
505 	HANDLE h = win_get_netmap_handle(fd);
506 
507 	if (h == NULL) {
508 		return ioctl(fd, ctlCode, arg);
509 	} else {
510 		return win_nm_ioctl_internal(h, ctlCode, arg);
511 	}
512 }
513 
514 #define ioctl win_nm_ioctl /* from now on, within this file ... */
515 
516 /*
517  * We cannot use the native mmap on windows
518  * The only parameter used is "fd", the other ones are just declared to
519  * make this signature comparable to the FreeBSD/Linux one
520  */
521 static void *
522 win32_mmap_emulated(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, int32_t offset)
523 {
524 	HANDLE h = win_get_netmap_handle(fd);
525 
526 	if (h == NULL) {
527 		return mmap(addr, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
528 	} else {
529 		MEMORY_ENTRY ret;
530 
531 		return win_nm_ioctl_internal(h, NETMAP_MMAP, &ret) ?
532 			NULL : ret.pUsermodeVirtualAddress;
533 	}
534 }
535 
536 #define mmap win32_mmap_emulated
537 
538 #include <sys/poll.h> /* XXX needed to use the structure pollfd */
539 
540 static int
541 win_nm_poll(struct pollfd *fds, int nfds, int timeout)
542 {
543 	HANDLE h;
544 
545 	if (nfds != 1 || fds == NULL || (h = win_get_netmap_handle(fds->fd)) == NULL) {;
546 		return poll(fds, nfds, timeout);
547 	} else {
548 		POLL_REQUEST_DATA prd;
549 
550 		prd.timeout = timeout;
551 		prd.events = fds->events;
552 
553 		win_nm_ioctl_internal(h, NETMAP_POLL, &prd);
554 		if ((prd.revents == POLLERR) || (prd.revents == STATUS_TIMEOUT)) {
555 			return -1;
556 		}
557 		return 1;
558 	}
559 }
560 
561 #define poll win_nm_poll
562 
563 static int
564 win_nm_open(char* pathname, int flags)
565 {
566 
567 	if (strcmp(pathname, NETMAP_DEVICE_NAME) == 0) {
568 		int fd = open(NETMAP_DEVICE_NAME, O_RDWR);
569 		if (fd < 0) {
570 			return -1;
571 		}
572 
573 		win_insert_fd_record(fd);
574 		return fd;
575 	} else {
576 		return open(pathname, flags);
577 	}
578 }
579 
580 #define open win_nm_open
581 
582 static int
583 win_nm_close(int fd)
584 {
585 	if (fd != -1) {
586 		close(fd);
587 		if (win_get_netmap_handle(fd) != NULL) {
588 			win_remove_fd_record(fd);
589 		}
590 	}
591 	return 0;
592 }
593 
594 #define close win_nm_close
595 
596 #endif /* _WIN32 */
597 
598 static int
599 nm_is_identifier(const char *s, const char *e)
600 {
601 	for (; s != e; s++) {
602 		if (!isalnum(*s) && *s != '_') {
603 			return 0;
604 		}
605 	}
606 
607 	return 1;
608 }
609 
610 #define MAXERRMSG 80
611 static int
612 nm_parse(const char *ifname, struct nm_desc *d, char *err)
613 {
614 	int is_vale;
615 	const char *port = NULL;
616 	const char *vpname = NULL;
617 	u_int namelen;
618 	uint32_t nr_ringid = 0, nr_flags;
619 	char errmsg[MAXERRMSG] = "", *tmp;
620 	long num;
621 	uint16_t nr_arg2 = 0;
622 	enum { P_START, P_RNGSFXOK, P_GETNUM, P_FLAGS, P_FLAGSOK, P_MEMID } p_state;
623 
624 	errno = 0;
625 
626 	is_vale = (ifname[0] == 'v');
627 	if (is_vale) {
628 		port = index(ifname, ':');
629 		if (port == NULL) {
630 			snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG,
631 				 "missing ':' in vale name");
632 			goto fail;
633 		}
634 
635 		if (!nm_is_identifier(ifname + 4, port)) {
636 			snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "invalid bridge name");
637 			goto fail;
638 		}
639 
640 		vpname = ++port;
641 	} else {
642 		ifname += 7;
643 		port = ifname;
644 	}
645 
646 	/* scan for a separator */
647 	for (; *port && !index("-*^{}/@", *port); port++)
648 		;
649 
650 	if (is_vale && !nm_is_identifier(vpname, port)) {
651 		snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "invalid bridge port name");
652 		goto fail;
653 	}
654 
655 	namelen = port - ifname;
656 	if (namelen >= sizeof(d->req.nr_name)) {
657 		snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "name too long");
658 		goto fail;
659 	}
660 	memcpy(d->req.nr_name, ifname, namelen);
661 	d->req.nr_name[namelen] = '\0';
662 
663 	p_state = P_START;
664 	nr_flags = NR_REG_ALL_NIC; /* default for no suffix */
665 	while (*port) {
666 		switch (p_state) {
667 		case P_START:
668 			switch (*port) {
669 			case '^': /* only SW ring */
670 				nr_flags = NR_REG_SW;
671 				p_state = P_RNGSFXOK;
672 				break;
673 			case '*': /* NIC and SW */
674 				nr_flags = NR_REG_NIC_SW;
675 				p_state = P_RNGSFXOK;
676 				break;
677 			case '-': /* one NIC ring pair */
678 				nr_flags = NR_REG_ONE_NIC;
679 				p_state = P_GETNUM;
680 				break;
681 			case '{': /* pipe (master endpoint) */
682 				nr_flags = NR_REG_PIPE_MASTER;
683 				p_state = P_GETNUM;
684 				break;
685 			case '}': /* pipe (slave endoint) */
686 				nr_flags = NR_REG_PIPE_SLAVE;
687 				p_state = P_GETNUM;
688 				break;
689 			case '/': /* start of flags */
690 				p_state = P_FLAGS;
691 				break;
692 			case '@': /* start of memid */
693 				p_state = P_MEMID;
694 				break;
695 			default:
696 				snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "unknown modifier: '%c'", *port);
697 				goto fail;
698 			}
699 			port++;
700 			break;
701 		case P_RNGSFXOK:
702 			switch (*port) {
703 			case '/':
704 				p_state = P_FLAGS;
705 				break;
706 			case '@':
707 				p_state = P_MEMID;
708 				break;
709 			default:
710 				snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "unexpected character: '%c'", *port);
711 				goto fail;
712 			}
713 			port++;
714 			break;
715 		case P_GETNUM:
716 			num = strtol(port, &tmp, 10);
717 			if (num < 0 || num >= NETMAP_RING_MASK) {
718 				snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "'%ld' out of range [0, %d)",
719 						num, NETMAP_RING_MASK);
720 				goto fail;
721 			}
722 			port = tmp;
723 			nr_ringid = num & NETMAP_RING_MASK;
724 			p_state = P_RNGSFXOK;
725 			break;
726 		case P_FLAGS:
727 		case P_FLAGSOK:
728 			if (*port == '@') {
729 				port++;
730 				p_state = P_MEMID;
731 				break;
732 			}
733 			switch (*port) {
734 			case 'x':
735 				nr_flags |= NR_EXCLUSIVE;
736 				break;
737 			case 'z':
738 				nr_flags |= NR_ZCOPY_MON;
739 				break;
740 			case 't':
741 				nr_flags |= NR_MONITOR_TX;
742 				break;
743 			case 'r':
744 				nr_flags |= NR_MONITOR_RX;
745 				break;
746 			case 'R':
747 				nr_flags |= NR_RX_RINGS_ONLY;
748 				break;
749 			case 'T':
750 				nr_flags |= NR_TX_RINGS_ONLY;
751 				break;
752 			default:
753 				snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "unrecognized flag: '%c'", *port);
754 				goto fail;
755 			}
756 			port++;
757 			p_state = P_FLAGSOK;
758 			break;
759 		case P_MEMID:
760 			if (nr_arg2 != 0) {
761 				snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "double setting of memid");
762 				goto fail;
763 			}
764 			num = strtol(port, &tmp, 10);
765 			if (num <= 0) {
766 				snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "invalid memid %ld, must be >0", num);
767 				goto fail;
768 			}
769 			port = tmp;
770 			nr_arg2 = num;
771 			p_state = P_RNGSFXOK;
772 			break;
773 		}
774 	}
775 	if (p_state != P_START && p_state != P_RNGSFXOK && p_state != P_FLAGSOK) {
776 		snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "unexpected end of port name");
777 		goto fail;
778 	}
779 	ND("flags: %s %s %s %s",
780 			(nr_flags & NR_EXCLUSIVE) ? "EXCLUSIVE" : "",
781 			(nr_flags & NR_ZCOPY_MON) ? "ZCOPY_MON" : "",
782 			(nr_flags & NR_MONITOR_TX) ? "MONITOR_TX" : "",
783 			(nr_flags & NR_MONITOR_RX) ? "MONITOR_RX" : "");
784 
785 	d->req.nr_flags |= nr_flags;
786 	d->req.nr_ringid |= nr_ringid;
787 	d->req.nr_arg2 = nr_arg2;
788 
789 	d->self = d;
790 
791 	return 0;
792 fail:
793 	if (!errno)
794 		errno = EINVAL;
795 	if (err)
796 		strncpy(err, errmsg, MAXERRMSG);
797 	return -1;
798 }
799 
800 /*
801  * Try to open, return descriptor if successful, NULL otherwise.
802  * An invalid netmap name will return errno = 0;
803  * You can pass a pointer to a pre-filled nm_desc to add special
804  * parameters. Flags is used as follows
805  * NM_OPEN_NO_MMAP	use the memory from arg, only XXX avoid mmap
806  *			if the nr_arg2 (memory block) matches.
807  * NM_OPEN_ARG1		use req.nr_arg1 from arg
808  * NM_OPEN_ARG2		use req.nr_arg2 from arg
809  * NM_OPEN_RING_CFG	user ring config from arg
810  */
811 static struct nm_desc *
812 nm_open(const char *ifname, const struct nmreq *req,
813 	uint64_t new_flags, const struct nm_desc *arg)
814 {
815 	struct nm_desc *d = NULL;
816 	const struct nm_desc *parent = arg;
817 	char errmsg[MAXERRMSG] = "";
818 	uint32_t nr_reg;
819 
820 	if (strncmp(ifname, "netmap:", 7) &&
821 			strncmp(ifname, NM_BDG_NAME, strlen(NM_BDG_NAME))) {
822 		errno = 0; /* name not recognised, not an error */
823 		return NULL;
824 	}
825 
826 	d = (struct nm_desc *)calloc(1, sizeof(*d));
827 	if (d == NULL) {
828 		snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "nm_desc alloc failure");
829 		errno = ENOMEM;
830 		return NULL;
831 	}
832 	d->self = d;	/* set this early so nm_close() works */
833 	d->fd = open(NETMAP_DEVICE_NAME, O_RDWR);
834 	if (d->fd < 0) {
835 		snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "cannot open /dev/netmap: %s", strerror(errno));
836 		goto fail;
837 	}
838 
839 	if (req)
840 		d->req = *req;
841 
842 	if (!(new_flags & NM_OPEN_IFNAME)) {
843 		if (nm_parse(ifname, d, errmsg) < 0)
844 			goto fail;
845 	}
846 
847 	d->req.nr_version = NETMAP_API;
848 	d->req.nr_ringid &= NETMAP_RING_MASK;
849 
850 	/* optionally import info from parent */
851 	if (IS_NETMAP_DESC(parent) && new_flags) {
852 		if (new_flags & NM_OPEN_ARG1)
853 			D("overriding ARG1 %d", parent->req.nr_arg1);
854 		d->req.nr_arg1 = new_flags & NM_OPEN_ARG1 ?
855 			parent->req.nr_arg1 : 4;
856 		if (new_flags & NM_OPEN_ARG2) {
857 			D("overriding ARG2 %d", parent->req.nr_arg2);
858 			d->req.nr_arg2 =  parent->req.nr_arg2;
859 		}
860 		if (new_flags & NM_OPEN_ARG3)
861 			D("overriding ARG3 %d", parent->req.nr_arg3);
862 		d->req.nr_arg3 = new_flags & NM_OPEN_ARG3 ?
863 			parent->req.nr_arg3 : 0;
864 		if (new_flags & NM_OPEN_RING_CFG) {
865 			D("overriding RING_CFG");
866 			d->req.nr_tx_slots = parent->req.nr_tx_slots;
867 			d->req.nr_rx_slots = parent->req.nr_rx_slots;
868 			d->req.nr_tx_rings = parent->req.nr_tx_rings;
869 			d->req.nr_rx_rings = parent->req.nr_rx_rings;
870 		}
871 		if (new_flags & NM_OPEN_IFNAME) {
872 			D("overriding ifname %s ringid 0x%x flags 0x%x",
873 				parent->req.nr_name, parent->req.nr_ringid,
874 				parent->req.nr_flags);
875 			memcpy(d->req.nr_name, parent->req.nr_name,
876 				sizeof(d->req.nr_name));
877 			d->req.nr_ringid = parent->req.nr_ringid;
878 			d->req.nr_flags = parent->req.nr_flags;
879 		}
880 	}
881 	/* add the *XPOLL flags */
882 	d->req.nr_ringid |= new_flags & (NETMAP_NO_TX_POLL | NETMAP_DO_RX_POLL);
883 
884 	if (ioctl(d->fd, NIOCREGIF, &d->req)) {
885 		snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "NIOCREGIF failed: %s", strerror(errno));
886 		goto fail;
887 	}
888 
889 	nr_reg = d->req.nr_flags & NR_REG_MASK;
890 
891 	if (nr_reg == NR_REG_SW) { /* host stack */
892 		d->first_tx_ring = d->last_tx_ring = d->req.nr_tx_rings;
893 		d->first_rx_ring = d->last_rx_ring = d->req.nr_rx_rings;
894 	} else if (nr_reg ==  NR_REG_ALL_NIC) { /* only nic */
895 		d->first_tx_ring = 0;
896 		d->first_rx_ring = 0;
897 		d->last_tx_ring = d->req.nr_tx_rings - 1;
898 		d->last_rx_ring = d->req.nr_rx_rings - 1;
899 	} else if (nr_reg ==  NR_REG_NIC_SW) {
900 		d->first_tx_ring = 0;
901 		d->first_rx_ring = 0;
902 		d->last_tx_ring = d->req.nr_tx_rings;
903 		d->last_rx_ring = d->req.nr_rx_rings;
904 	} else if (nr_reg == NR_REG_ONE_NIC) {
905 		/* XXX check validity */
906 		d->first_tx_ring = d->last_tx_ring =
907 		d->first_rx_ring = d->last_rx_ring = d->req.nr_ringid & NETMAP_RING_MASK;
908 	} else { /* pipes */
909 		d->first_tx_ring = d->last_tx_ring = 0;
910 		d->first_rx_ring = d->last_rx_ring = 0;
911 	}
912 
913         /* if parent is defined, do nm_mmap() even if NM_OPEN_NO_MMAP is set */
914 	if ((!(new_flags & NM_OPEN_NO_MMAP) || parent) && nm_mmap(d, parent)) {
915 	        snprintf(errmsg, MAXERRMSG, "mmap failed: %s", strerror(errno));
916 		goto fail;
917 	}
918 
919 #ifdef DEBUG_NETMAP_USER
920     { /* debugging code */
921 	int i;
922 
923 	D("%s tx %d .. %d %d rx %d .. %d %d", ifname,
924 		d->first_tx_ring, d->last_tx_ring, d->req.nr_tx_rings,
925                 d->first_rx_ring, d->last_rx_ring, d->req.nr_rx_rings);
926 	for (i = 0; i <= d->req.nr_tx_rings; i++) {
927 		struct netmap_ring *r = NETMAP_TXRING(d->nifp, i);
928 		D("TX%d %p h %d c %d t %d", i, r, r->head, r->cur, r->tail);
929 	}
930 	for (i = 0; i <= d->req.nr_rx_rings; i++) {
931 		struct netmap_ring *r = NETMAP_RXRING(d->nifp, i);
932 		D("RX%d %p h %d c %d t %d", i, r, r->head, r->cur, r->tail);
933 	}
934     }
935 #endif /* debugging */
936 
937 	d->cur_tx_ring = d->first_tx_ring;
938 	d->cur_rx_ring = d->first_rx_ring;
939 	return d;
940 
941 fail:
942 	nm_close(d);
943 	if (errmsg[0])
944 		D("%s %s", errmsg, ifname);
945 	if (errno == 0)
946 		errno = EINVAL;
947 	return NULL;
948 }
949 
950 static int
951 nm_close(struct nm_desc *d)
952 {
953 	/*
954 	 * ugly trick to avoid unused warnings
955 	 */
956 	static void *__xxzt[] __attribute__ ((unused))  =
957 		{ (void *)nm_open, (void *)nm_inject,
958 		  (void *)nm_dispatch, (void *)nm_nextpkt } ;
959 
960 	if (d == NULL || d->self != d)
961 		return EINVAL;
962 	if (d->done_mmap && d->mem)
963 		munmap(d->mem, d->memsize);
964 	if (d->fd != -1) {
965 		close(d->fd);
966 	}
967 
968 	bzero(d, sizeof(*d));
969 	free(d);
970 	return 0;
971 }
972 
973 static int
974 nm_mmap(struct nm_desc *d, const struct nm_desc *parent)
975 {
976 	if (d->done_mmap)
977 		return 0;
978 
979 	if (IS_NETMAP_DESC(parent) && parent->mem &&
980 	    parent->req.nr_arg2 == d->req.nr_arg2) {
981 		/* do not mmap, inherit from parent */
982 		D("do not mmap, inherit from parent");
983 		d->memsize = parent->memsize;
984 		d->mem = parent->mem;
985 	} else {
986 		/* XXX TODO: check if memsize is too large (or there is overflow) */
987 		d->memsize = d->req.nr_memsize;
988 		d->mem = mmap(0, d->memsize, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED,
989 				d->fd, 0);
990 		if (d->mem == MAP_FAILED) {
991 			goto fail;
992 		}
993 		d->done_mmap = 1;
994 	}
995 	{
996 		struct netmap_if *nifp = NETMAP_IF(d->mem, d->req.nr_offset);
997 		struct netmap_ring *r = NETMAP_RXRING(nifp, d->first_rx_ring);
998 		if ((void *)r == (void *)nifp) {
999 			/* the descriptor is open for TX only */
1000 			r = NETMAP_TXRING(nifp, d->first_tx_ring);
1001 		}
1002 
1003 		*(struct netmap_if **)(uintptr_t)&(d->nifp) = nifp;
1004 		*(struct netmap_ring **)(uintptr_t)&d->some_ring = r;
1005 		*(void **)(uintptr_t)&d->buf_start = NETMAP_BUF(r, 0);
1006 		*(void **)(uintptr_t)&d->buf_end =
1007 			(char *)d->mem + d->memsize;
1008 	}
1009 
1010 	return 0;
1011 
1012 fail:
1013 	return EINVAL;
1014 }
1015 
1016 /*
1017  * Same prototype as pcap_inject(), only need to cast.
1018  */
1019 static int
1020 nm_inject(struct nm_desc *d, const void *buf, size_t size)
1021 {
1022 	u_int c, n = d->last_tx_ring - d->first_tx_ring + 1,
1023 		ri = d->cur_tx_ring;
1024 
1025 	for (c = 0; c < n ; c++, ri++) {
1026 		/* compute current ring to use */
1027 		struct netmap_ring *ring;
1028 		uint32_t i, j, idx;
1029 		size_t rem;
1030 
1031 		if (ri > d->last_tx_ring)
1032 			ri = d->first_tx_ring;
1033 		ring = NETMAP_TXRING(d->nifp, ri);
1034 		rem = size;
1035 		j = ring->cur;
1036 		while (rem > ring->nr_buf_size && j != ring->tail) {
1037 			rem -= ring->nr_buf_size;
1038 			j = nm_ring_next(ring, j);
1039 		}
1040 		if (j == ring->tail && rem > 0)
1041 			continue;
1042 		i = ring->cur;
1043 		while (i != j) {
1044 			idx = ring->slot[i].buf_idx;
1045 			ring->slot[i].len = ring->nr_buf_size;
1046 			ring->slot[i].flags = NS_MOREFRAG;
1047 			nm_pkt_copy(buf, NETMAP_BUF(ring, idx), ring->nr_buf_size);
1048 			i = nm_ring_next(ring, i);
1049 			buf = (const char *)buf + ring->nr_buf_size;
1050 		}
1051 		idx = ring->slot[i].buf_idx;
1052 		ring->slot[i].len = rem;
1053 		ring->slot[i].flags = 0;
1054 		nm_pkt_copy(buf, NETMAP_BUF(ring, idx), rem);
1055 		ring->head = ring->cur = nm_ring_next(ring, i);
1056 		d->cur_tx_ring = ri;
1057 		return size;
1058 	}
1059 	return 0; /* fail */
1060 }
1061 
1062 /*
1063  * Same prototype as pcap_dispatch(), only need to cast.
1064  */
1065 static int
1066 nm_dispatch(struct nm_desc *d, int cnt, nm_cb_t cb, u_char *arg)
1067 {
1068 	int n = d->last_rx_ring - d->first_rx_ring + 1;
1069 	int c, got = 0, ri = d->cur_rx_ring;
1070 	d->hdr.buf = NULL;
1071 	d->hdr.flags = NM_MORE_PKTS;
1072 	d->hdr.d = d;
1073 
1074 	if (cnt == 0)
1075 		cnt = -1;
1076 	/* cnt == -1 means infinite, but rings have a finite amount
1077 	 * of buffers and the int is large enough that we never wrap,
1078 	 * so we can omit checking for -1
1079 	 */
1080 	for (c=0; c < n && cnt != got; c++, ri++) {
1081 		/* compute current ring to use */
1082 		struct netmap_ring *ring;
1083 
1084 		if (ri > d->last_rx_ring)
1085 			ri = d->first_rx_ring;
1086 		ring = NETMAP_RXRING(d->nifp, ri);
1087 		for ( ; !nm_ring_empty(ring) && cnt != got; got++) {
1088 			u_int idx, i;
1089 			u_char *oldbuf;
1090 			struct netmap_slot *slot;
1091 			if (d->hdr.buf) { /* from previous round */
1092 				cb(arg, &d->hdr, d->hdr.buf);
1093 			}
1094 			i = ring->cur;
1095 			slot = &ring->slot[i];
1096 			idx = slot->buf_idx;
1097 			/* d->cur_rx_ring doesn't change inside this loop, but
1098 			 * set it here, so it reflects d->hdr.buf's ring */
1099 			d->cur_rx_ring = ri;
1100 			d->hdr.slot = slot;
1101 			oldbuf = d->hdr.buf = (u_char *)NETMAP_BUF(ring, idx);
1102 			// __builtin_prefetch(buf);
1103 			d->hdr.len = d->hdr.caplen = slot->len;
1104 			while (slot->flags & NS_MOREFRAG) {
1105 				u_char *nbuf;
1106 				u_int oldlen = slot->len;
1107 				i = nm_ring_next(ring, i);
1108 				slot = &ring->slot[i];
1109 				d->hdr.len += slot->len;
1110 				nbuf = (u_char *)NETMAP_BUF(ring, slot->buf_idx);
1111 				if (oldbuf != NULL && nbuf - oldbuf == (int)ring->nr_buf_size &&
1112 						oldlen == ring->nr_buf_size) {
1113 					d->hdr.caplen += slot->len;
1114 					oldbuf = nbuf;
1115 				} else {
1116 					oldbuf = NULL;
1117 				}
1118 			}
1119 			d->hdr.ts = ring->ts;
1120 			ring->head = ring->cur = nm_ring_next(ring, i);
1121 		}
1122 	}
1123 	if (d->hdr.buf) { /* from previous round */
1124 		d->hdr.flags = 0;
1125 		cb(arg, &d->hdr, d->hdr.buf);
1126 	}
1127 	return got;
1128 }
1129 
1130 static u_char *
1131 nm_nextpkt(struct nm_desc *d, struct nm_pkthdr *hdr)
1132 {
1133 	int ri = d->cur_rx_ring;
1134 
1135 	do {
1136 		/* compute current ring to use */
1137 		struct netmap_ring *ring = NETMAP_RXRING(d->nifp, ri);
1138 		if (!nm_ring_empty(ring)) {
1139 			u_int i = ring->cur;
1140 			u_int idx = ring->slot[i].buf_idx;
1141 			u_char *buf = (u_char *)NETMAP_BUF(ring, idx);
1142 
1143 			// __builtin_prefetch(buf);
1144 			hdr->ts = ring->ts;
1145 			hdr->len = hdr->caplen = ring->slot[i].len;
1146 			ring->cur = nm_ring_next(ring, i);
1147 			/* we could postpone advancing head if we want
1148 			 * to hold the buffer. This can be supported in
1149 			 * the future.
1150 			 */
1151 			ring->head = ring->cur;
1152 			d->cur_rx_ring = ri;
1153 			return buf;
1154 		}
1155 		ri++;
1156 		if (ri > d->last_rx_ring)
1157 			ri = d->first_rx_ring;
1158 	} while (ri != d->cur_rx_ring);
1159 	return NULL; /* nothing found */
1160 }
1161 
1162 #endif /* !HAVE_NETMAP_WITH_LIBS */
1163 
1164 #endif /* NETMAP_WITH_LIBS */
1165 
1166 #endif /* _NET_NETMAP_USER_H_ */
1167