1 /* 2 * Taken from http://burtleburtle.net/bob/c/lookup3.c 3 * $FreeBSD$ 4 */ 5 6 #include <sys/hash.h> 7 #include <machine/endian.h> 8 9 /* 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 lookup3.c, by Bob Jenkins, May 2006, Public Domain. 12 13 These are functions for producing 32-bit hashes for hash table lookup. 14 hashword(), hashlittle(), hashlittle2(), hashbig(), mix(), and final() 15 are externally useful functions. Routines to test the hash are included 16 if SELF_TEST is defined. You can use this free for any purpose. It's in 17 the public domain. It has no warranty. 18 19 You probably want to use hashlittle(). hashlittle() and hashbig() 20 hash byte arrays. hashlittle() is faster than hashbig() on 21 little-endian machines. Intel and AMD are little-endian machines. 22 On second thought, you probably want hashlittle2(), which is identical to 23 hashlittle() except it returns two 32-bit hashes for the price of one. 24 You could implement hashbig2() if you wanted but I haven't bothered here. 25 26 If you want to find a hash of, say, exactly 7 integers, do 27 a = i1; b = i2; c = i3; 28 mix(a,b,c); 29 a += i4; b += i5; c += i6; 30 mix(a,b,c); 31 a += i7; 32 final(a,b,c); 33 then use c as the hash value. If you have a variable length array of 34 4-byte integers to hash, use hashword(). If you have a byte array (like 35 a character string), use hashlittle(). If you have several byte arrays, or 36 a mix of things, see the comments above hashlittle(). 37 38 Why is this so big? I read 12 bytes at a time into 3 4-byte integers, 39 then mix those integers. This is fast (you can do a lot more thorough 40 mixing with 12*3 instructions on 3 integers than you can with 3 instructions 41 on 1 byte), but shoehorning those bytes into integers efficiently is messy. 42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 */ 44 45 #define rot(x,k) (((x)<<(k)) | ((x)>>(32-(k)))) 46 47 /* 48 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 mix -- mix 3 32-bit values reversibly. 50 51 This is reversible, so any information in (a,b,c) before mix() is 52 still in (a,b,c) after mix(). 53 54 If four pairs of (a,b,c) inputs are run through mix(), or through 55 mix() in reverse, there are at least 32 bits of the output that 56 are sometimes the same for one pair and different for another pair. 57 This was tested for: 58 * pairs that differed by one bit, by two bits, in any combination 59 of top bits of (a,b,c), or in any combination of bottom bits of 60 (a,b,c). 61 * "differ" is defined as +, -, ^, or ~^. For + and -, I transformed 62 the output delta to a Gray code (a^(a>>1)) so a string of 1's (as 63 is commonly produced by subtraction) look like a single 1-bit 64 difference. 65 * the base values were pseudorandom, all zero but one bit set, or 66 all zero plus a counter that starts at zero. 67 68 Some k values for my "a-=c; a^=rot(c,k); c+=b;" arrangement that 69 satisfy this are 70 4 6 8 16 19 4 71 9 15 3 18 27 15 72 14 9 3 7 17 3 73 Well, "9 15 3 18 27 15" didn't quite get 32 bits diffing 74 for "differ" defined as + with a one-bit base and a two-bit delta. I 75 used http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/avalanche.html to choose 76 the operations, constants, and arrangements of the variables. 77 78 This does not achieve avalanche. There are input bits of (a,b,c) 79 that fail to affect some output bits of (a,b,c), especially of a. The 80 most thoroughly mixed value is c, but it doesn't really even achieve 81 avalanche in c. 82 83 This allows some parallelism. Read-after-writes are good at doubling 84 the number of bits affected, so the goal of mixing pulls in the opposite 85 direction as the goal of parallelism. I did what I could. Rotates 86 seem to cost as much as shifts on every machine I could lay my hands 87 on, and rotates are much kinder to the top and bottom bits, so I used 88 rotates. 89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90 */ 91 #define mix(a,b,c) \ 92 { \ 93 a -= c; a ^= rot(c, 4); c += b; \ 94 b -= a; b ^= rot(a, 6); a += c; \ 95 c -= b; c ^= rot(b, 8); b += a; \ 96 a -= c; a ^= rot(c,16); c += b; \ 97 b -= a; b ^= rot(a,19); a += c; \ 98 c -= b; c ^= rot(b, 4); b += a; \ 99 } 100 101 /* 102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103 final -- final mixing of 3 32-bit values (a,b,c) into c 104 105 Pairs of (a,b,c) values differing in only a few bits will usually 106 produce values of c that look totally different. This was tested for 107 * pairs that differed by one bit, by two bits, in any combination 108 of top bits of (a,b,c), or in any combination of bottom bits of 109 (a,b,c). 110 * "differ" is defined as +, -, ^, or ~^. For + and -, I transformed 111 the output delta to a Gray code (a^(a>>1)) so a string of 1's (as 112 is commonly produced by subtraction) look like a single 1-bit 113 difference. 114 * the base values were pseudorandom, all zero but one bit set, or 115 all zero plus a counter that starts at zero. 116 117 These constants passed: 118 14 11 25 16 4 14 24 119 12 14 25 16 4 14 24 120 and these came close: 121 4 8 15 26 3 22 24 122 10 8 15 26 3 22 24 123 11 8 15 26 3 22 24 124 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125 */ 126 #define final(a,b,c) \ 127 { \ 128 c ^= b; c -= rot(b,14); \ 129 a ^= c; a -= rot(c,11); \ 130 b ^= a; b -= rot(a,25); \ 131 c ^= b; c -= rot(b,16); \ 132 a ^= c; a -= rot(c,4); \ 133 b ^= a; b -= rot(a,14); \ 134 c ^= b; c -= rot(b,24); \ 135 } 136 137 /* 138 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 This works on all machines. To be useful, it requires 140 -- that the key be an array of uint32_t's, and 141 -- that the length be the number of uint32_t's in the key 142 143 The function hashword() is identical to hashlittle() on little-endian 144 machines, and identical to hashbig() on big-endian machines, 145 except that the length has to be measured in uint32_ts rather than in 146 bytes. hashlittle() is more complicated than hashword() only because 147 hashlittle() has to dance around fitting the key bytes into registers. 148 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 149 */ 150 uint32_t jenkins_hash32( 151 const uint32_t *k, /* the key, an array of uint32_t values */ 152 size_t length, /* the length of the key, in uint32_ts */ 153 uint32_t initval) /* the previous hash, or an arbitrary value */ 154 { 155 uint32_t a,b,c; 156 157 /* Set up the internal state */ 158 a = b = c = 0xdeadbeef + (((uint32_t)length)<<2) + initval; 159 160 /*------------------------------------------------- handle most of the key */ 161 while (length > 3) 162 { 163 a += k[0]; 164 b += k[1]; 165 c += k[2]; 166 mix(a,b,c); 167 length -= 3; 168 k += 3; 169 } 170 171 /*------------------------------------------- handle the last 3 uint32_t's */ 172 switch(length) /* all the case statements fall through */ 173 { 174 case 3 : c+=k[2]; 175 case 2 : b+=k[1]; 176 case 1 : a+=k[0]; 177 final(a,b,c); 178 case 0: /* case 0: nothing left to add */ 179 break; 180 } 181 /*------------------------------------------------------ report the result */ 182 return c; 183 } 184 185 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN 186 /* 187 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 188 hashlittle() -- hash a variable-length key into a 32-bit value 189 k : the key (the unaligned variable-length array of bytes) 190 length : the length of the key, counting by bytes 191 initval : can be any 4-byte value 192 Returns a 32-bit value. Every bit of the key affects every bit of 193 the return value. Two keys differing by one or two bits will have 194 totally different hash values. 195 196 The best hash table sizes are powers of 2. There is no need to do 197 mod a prime (mod is sooo slow!). If you need less than 32 bits, 198 use a bitmask. For example, if you need only 10 bits, do 199 h = (h & hashmask(10)); 200 In which case, the hash table should have hashsize(10) elements. 201 202 If you are hashing n strings (uint8_t **)k, do it like this: 203 for (i=0, h=0; i<n; ++i) h = hashlittle( k[i], len[i], h); 204 205 By Bob Jenkins, 2006. bob_jenkins@burtleburtle.net. You may use this 206 code any way you wish, private, educational, or commercial. It's free. 207 208 Use for hash table lookup, or anything where one collision in 2^^32 is 209 acceptable. Do NOT use for cryptographic purposes. 210 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211 */ 212 213 uint32_t jenkins_hash( const void *key, size_t length, uint32_t initval) 214 { 215 uint32_t a,b,c; /* internal state */ 216 union { const void *ptr; size_t i; } u; /* needed for Mac Powerbook G4 */ 217 218 /* Set up the internal state */ 219 a = b = c = 0xdeadbeef + ((uint32_t)length) + initval; 220 221 u.ptr = key; 222 if ((u.i & 0x3) == 0) { 223 const uint32_t *k = (const uint32_t *)key; /* read 32-bit chunks */ 224 225 /*------ all but last block: aligned reads and affect 32 bits of (a,b,c) */ 226 while (length > 12) 227 { 228 a += k[0]; 229 b += k[1]; 230 c += k[2]; 231 mix(a,b,c); 232 length -= 12; 233 k += 3; 234 } 235 236 /*----------------------------- handle the last (probably partial) block */ 237 /* 238 * "k[2]&0xffffff" actually reads beyond the end of the string, but 239 * then masks off the part it's not allowed to read. Because the 240 * string is aligned, the masked-off tail is in the same word as the 241 * rest of the string. Every machine with memory protection I've seen 242 * does it on word boundaries, so is OK with this. But VALGRIND will 243 * still catch it and complain. The masking trick does make the hash 244 * noticeably faster for short strings (like English words). 245 */ 246 247 switch(length) 248 { 249 case 12: c+=k[2]; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 250 case 11: c+=k[2]&0xffffff; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 251 case 10: c+=k[2]&0xffff; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 252 case 9 : c+=k[2]&0xff; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 253 case 8 : b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 254 case 7 : b+=k[1]&0xffffff; a+=k[0]; break; 255 case 6 : b+=k[1]&0xffff; a+=k[0]; break; 256 case 5 : b+=k[1]&0xff; a+=k[0]; break; 257 case 4 : a+=k[0]; break; 258 case 3 : a+=k[0]&0xffffff; break; 259 case 2 : a+=k[0]&0xffff; break; 260 case 1 : a+=k[0]&0xff; break; 261 case 0 : return c; /* zero length strings require no mixing */ 262 } 263 264 } else if ((u.i & 0x1) == 0) { 265 const uint16_t *k = (const uint16_t *)key; /* read 16-bit chunks */ 266 const uint8_t *k8; 267 268 /*--------------- all but last block: aligned reads and different mixing */ 269 while (length > 12) 270 { 271 a += k[0] + (((uint32_t)k[1])<<16); 272 b += k[2] + (((uint32_t)k[3])<<16); 273 c += k[4] + (((uint32_t)k[5])<<16); 274 mix(a,b,c); 275 length -= 12; 276 k += 6; 277 } 278 279 /*----------------------------- handle the last (probably partial) block */ 280 k8 = (const uint8_t *)k; 281 switch(length) 282 { 283 case 12: c+=k[4]+(((uint32_t)k[5])<<16); 284 b+=k[2]+(((uint32_t)k[3])<<16); 285 a+=k[0]+(((uint32_t)k[1])<<16); 286 break; 287 case 11: c+=((uint32_t)k8[10])<<16; /* fall through */ 288 case 10: c+=k[4]; 289 b+=k[2]+(((uint32_t)k[3])<<16); 290 a+=k[0]+(((uint32_t)k[1])<<16); 291 break; 292 case 9 : c+=k8[8]; /* fall through */ 293 case 8 : b+=k[2]+(((uint32_t)k[3])<<16); 294 a+=k[0]+(((uint32_t)k[1])<<16); 295 break; 296 case 7 : b+=((uint32_t)k8[6])<<16; /* fall through */ 297 case 6 : b+=k[2]; 298 a+=k[0]+(((uint32_t)k[1])<<16); 299 break; 300 case 5 : b+=k8[4]; /* fall through */ 301 case 4 : a+=k[0]+(((uint32_t)k[1])<<16); 302 break; 303 case 3 : a+=((uint32_t)k8[2])<<16; /* fall through */ 304 case 2 : a+=k[0]; 305 break; 306 case 1 : a+=k8[0]; 307 break; 308 case 0 : return c; /* zero length requires no mixing */ 309 } 310 311 } else { /* need to read the key one byte at a time */ 312 const uint8_t *k = (const uint8_t *)key; 313 314 /*--------------- all but the last block: affect some 32 bits of (a,b,c) */ 315 while (length > 12) 316 { 317 a += k[0]; 318 a += ((uint32_t)k[1])<<8; 319 a += ((uint32_t)k[2])<<16; 320 a += ((uint32_t)k[3])<<24; 321 b += k[4]; 322 b += ((uint32_t)k[5])<<8; 323 b += ((uint32_t)k[6])<<16; 324 b += ((uint32_t)k[7])<<24; 325 c += k[8]; 326 c += ((uint32_t)k[9])<<8; 327 c += ((uint32_t)k[10])<<16; 328 c += ((uint32_t)k[11])<<24; 329 mix(a,b,c); 330 length -= 12; 331 k += 12; 332 } 333 334 /*-------------------------------- last block: affect all 32 bits of (c) */ 335 switch(length) /* all the case statements fall through */ 336 { 337 case 12: c+=((uint32_t)k[11])<<24; 338 case 11: c+=((uint32_t)k[10])<<16; 339 case 10: c+=((uint32_t)k[9])<<8; 340 case 9 : c+=k[8]; 341 case 8 : b+=((uint32_t)k[7])<<24; 342 case 7 : b+=((uint32_t)k[6])<<16; 343 case 6 : b+=((uint32_t)k[5])<<8; 344 case 5 : b+=k[4]; 345 case 4 : a+=((uint32_t)k[3])<<24; 346 case 3 : a+=((uint32_t)k[2])<<16; 347 case 2 : a+=((uint32_t)k[1])<<8; 348 case 1 : a+=k[0]; 349 break; 350 case 0 : return c; 351 } 352 } 353 354 final(a,b,c); 355 return c; 356 } 357 358 #else /* !(BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN) */ 359 360 /* 361 * hashbig(): 362 * This is the same as hashword() on big-endian machines. It is different 363 * from hashlittle() on all machines. hashbig() takes advantage of 364 * big-endian byte ordering. 365 */ 366 uint32_t jenkins_hash( const void *key, size_t length, uint32_t initval) 367 { 368 uint32_t a,b,c; 369 union { const void *ptr; size_t i; } u; /* to cast key to (size_t) happily */ 370 371 /* Set up the internal state */ 372 a = b = c = 0xdeadbeef + ((uint32_t)length) + initval; 373 374 u.ptr = key; 375 if ((u.i & 0x3) == 0) { 376 const uint32_t *k = (const uint32_t *)key; /* read 32-bit chunks */ 377 378 /*------ all but last block: aligned reads and affect 32 bits of (a,b,c) */ 379 while (length > 12) 380 { 381 a += k[0]; 382 b += k[1]; 383 c += k[2]; 384 mix(a,b,c); 385 length -= 12; 386 k += 3; 387 } 388 389 /*----------------------------- handle the last (probably partial) block */ 390 /* 391 * "k[2]<<8" actually reads beyond the end of the string, but 392 * then shifts out the part it's not allowed to read. Because the 393 * string is aligned, the illegal read is in the same word as the 394 * rest of the string. Every machine with memory protection I've seen 395 * does it on word boundaries, so is OK with this. But VALGRIND will 396 * still catch it and complain. The masking trick does make the hash 397 * noticeably faster for short strings (like English words). 398 */ 399 400 switch(length) 401 { 402 case 12: c+=k[2]; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 403 case 11: c+=k[2]&0xffffff00; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 404 case 10: c+=k[2]&0xffff0000; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 405 case 9 : c+=k[2]&0xff000000; b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 406 case 8 : b+=k[1]; a+=k[0]; break; 407 case 7 : b+=k[1]&0xffffff00; a+=k[0]; break; 408 case 6 : b+=k[1]&0xffff0000; a+=k[0]; break; 409 case 5 : b+=k[1]&0xff000000; a+=k[0]; break; 410 case 4 : a+=k[0]; break; 411 case 3 : a+=k[0]&0xffffff00; break; 412 case 2 : a+=k[0]&0xffff0000; break; 413 case 1 : a+=k[0]&0xff000000; break; 414 case 0 : return c; /* zero length strings require no mixing */ 415 } 416 417 } else { /* need to read the key one byte at a time */ 418 const uint8_t *k = (const uint8_t *)key; 419 420 /*--------------- all but the last block: affect some 32 bits of (a,b,c) */ 421 while (length > 12) 422 { 423 a += ((uint32_t)k[0])<<24; 424 a += ((uint32_t)k[1])<<16; 425 a += ((uint32_t)k[2])<<8; 426 a += ((uint32_t)k[3]); 427 b += ((uint32_t)k[4])<<24; 428 b += ((uint32_t)k[5])<<16; 429 b += ((uint32_t)k[6])<<8; 430 b += ((uint32_t)k[7]); 431 c += ((uint32_t)k[8])<<24; 432 c += ((uint32_t)k[9])<<16; 433 c += ((uint32_t)k[10])<<8; 434 c += ((uint32_t)k[11]); 435 mix(a,b,c); 436 length -= 12; 437 k += 12; 438 } 439 440 /*-------------------------------- last block: affect all 32 bits of (c) */ 441 switch(length) /* all the case statements fall through */ 442 { 443 case 12: c+=k[11]; 444 case 11: c+=((uint32_t)k[10])<<8; 445 case 10: c+=((uint32_t)k[9])<<16; 446 case 9 : c+=((uint32_t)k[8])<<24; 447 case 8 : b+=k[7]; 448 case 7 : b+=((uint32_t)k[6])<<8; 449 case 6 : b+=((uint32_t)k[5])<<16; 450 case 5 : b+=((uint32_t)k[4])<<24; 451 case 4 : a+=k[3]; 452 case 3 : a+=((uint32_t)k[2])<<8; 453 case 2 : a+=((uint32_t)k[1])<<16; 454 case 1 : a+=((uint32_t)k[0])<<24; 455 break; 456 case 0 : return c; 457 } 458 } 459 460 final(a,b,c); 461 return c; 462 } 463 #endif 464