xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/vfs_bio.c (revision 96c81c97e4c0ec5f79873b5f19ad553584e87803)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Poul-Henning Kamp
5  * Copyright (c) 1994,1997 John S. Dyson
6  * Copyright (c) 2013 The FreeBSD Foundation
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Portions of this software were developed by Konstantin Belousov
10  * under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*
35  * this file contains a new buffer I/O scheme implementing a coherent
36  * VM object and buffer cache scheme.  Pains have been taken to make
37  * sure that the performance degradation associated with schemes such
38  * as this is not realized.
39  *
40  * Author:  John S. Dyson
41  * Significant help during the development and debugging phases
42  * had been provided by David Greenman, also of the FreeBSD core team.
43  *
44  * see man buf(9) for more info.
45  */
46 
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/systm.h>
52 #include <sys/bio.h>
53 #include <sys/bitset.h>
54 #include <sys/conf.h>
55 #include <sys/counter.h>
56 #include <sys/buf.h>
57 #include <sys/devicestat.h>
58 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
59 #include <sys/fail.h>
60 #include <sys/ktr.h>
61 #include <sys/limits.h>
62 #include <sys/lock.h>
63 #include <sys/malloc.h>
64 #include <sys/mount.h>
65 #include <sys/mutex.h>
66 #include <sys/kernel.h>
67 #include <sys/kthread.h>
68 #include <sys/proc.h>
69 #include <sys/racct.h>
70 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
71 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
72 #include <sys/smp.h>
73 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
74 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
75 #include <sys/vmem.h>
76 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
77 #include <sys/vnode.h>
78 #include <sys/watchdog.h>
79 #include <geom/geom.h>
80 #include <vm/vm.h>
81 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
82 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
83 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
84 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
85 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
86 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
87 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
88 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
89 #include <vm/swap_pager.h>
90 
91 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_BIOBUF, "biobuf", "BIO buffer");
92 
93 struct	bio_ops bioops;		/* I/O operation notification */
94 
95 struct	buf_ops buf_ops_bio = {
96 	.bop_name	=	"buf_ops_bio",
97 	.bop_write	=	bufwrite,
98 	.bop_strategy	=	bufstrategy,
99 	.bop_sync	=	bufsync,
100 	.bop_bdflush	=	bufbdflush,
101 };
102 
103 struct bufqueue {
104 	struct mtx_padalign	bq_lock;
105 	TAILQ_HEAD(, buf)	bq_queue;
106 	uint8_t			bq_index;
107 	uint16_t		bq_subqueue;
108 	int			bq_len;
109 } __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
110 
111 #define	BQ_LOCKPTR(bq)		(&(bq)->bq_lock)
112 #define	BQ_LOCK(bq)		mtx_lock(BQ_LOCKPTR((bq)))
113 #define	BQ_UNLOCK(bq)		mtx_unlock(BQ_LOCKPTR((bq)))
114 #define	BQ_ASSERT_LOCKED(bq)	mtx_assert(BQ_LOCKPTR((bq)), MA_OWNED)
115 
116 struct bufdomain {
117 	struct bufqueue	bd_subq[MAXCPU + 1]; /* Per-cpu sub queues + global */
118 	struct bufqueue bd_dirtyq;
119 	struct bufqueue	*bd_cleanq;
120 	struct mtx_padalign bd_run_lock;
121 	/* Constants */
122 	long		bd_maxbufspace;
123 	long		bd_hibufspace;
124 	long 		bd_lobufspace;
125 	long 		bd_bufspacethresh;
126 	int		bd_hifreebuffers;
127 	int		bd_lofreebuffers;
128 	int		bd_hidirtybuffers;
129 	int		bd_lodirtybuffers;
130 	int		bd_dirtybufthresh;
131 	int		bd_lim;
132 	/* atomics */
133 	int		bd_wanted;
134 	int __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE)	bd_numdirtybuffers;
135 	int __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE)	bd_running;
136 	long __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) bd_bufspace;
137 	int __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE)	bd_freebuffers;
138 } __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
139 
140 #define	BD_LOCKPTR(bd)		(&(bd)->bd_cleanq->bq_lock)
141 #define	BD_LOCK(bd)		mtx_lock(BD_LOCKPTR((bd)))
142 #define	BD_UNLOCK(bd)		mtx_unlock(BD_LOCKPTR((bd)))
143 #define	BD_ASSERT_LOCKED(bd)	mtx_assert(BD_LOCKPTR((bd)), MA_OWNED)
144 #define	BD_RUN_LOCKPTR(bd)	(&(bd)->bd_run_lock)
145 #define	BD_RUN_LOCK(bd)		mtx_lock(BD_RUN_LOCKPTR((bd)))
146 #define	BD_RUN_UNLOCK(bd)	mtx_unlock(BD_RUN_LOCKPTR((bd)))
147 #define	BD_DOMAIN(bd)		(bd - bdomain)
148 
149 static struct buf *buf;		/* buffer header pool */
150 extern struct buf *swbuf;	/* Swap buffer header pool. */
151 caddr_t unmapped_buf;
152 
153 /* Used below and for softdep flushing threads in ufs/ffs/ffs_softdep.c */
154 struct proc *bufdaemonproc;
155 
156 static int inmem(struct vnode *vp, daddr_t blkno);
157 static void vm_hold_free_pages(struct buf *bp, int newbsize);
158 static void vm_hold_load_pages(struct buf *bp, vm_offset_t from,
159 		vm_offset_t to);
160 static void vfs_page_set_valid(struct buf *bp, vm_ooffset_t off, vm_page_t m);
161 static void vfs_page_set_validclean(struct buf *bp, vm_ooffset_t off,
162 		vm_page_t m);
163 static void vfs_clean_pages_dirty_buf(struct buf *bp);
164 static void vfs_setdirty_locked_object(struct buf *bp);
165 static void vfs_vmio_invalidate(struct buf *bp);
166 static void vfs_vmio_truncate(struct buf *bp, int npages);
167 static void vfs_vmio_extend(struct buf *bp, int npages, int size);
168 static int vfs_bio_clcheck(struct vnode *vp, int size,
169 		daddr_t lblkno, daddr_t blkno);
170 static void breada(struct vnode *, daddr_t *, int *, int, struct ucred *, int,
171 		void (*)(struct buf *));
172 static int buf_flush(struct vnode *vp, struct bufdomain *, int);
173 static int flushbufqueues(struct vnode *, struct bufdomain *, int, int);
174 static void buf_daemon(void);
175 static __inline void bd_wakeup(void);
176 static int sysctl_runningspace(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
177 static void bufkva_reclaim(vmem_t *, int);
178 static void bufkva_free(struct buf *);
179 static int buf_import(void *, void **, int, int, int);
180 static void buf_release(void *, void **, int);
181 static void maxbcachebuf_adjust(void);
182 static inline struct bufdomain *bufdomain(struct buf *);
183 static void bq_remove(struct bufqueue *bq, struct buf *bp);
184 static void bq_insert(struct bufqueue *bq, struct buf *bp, bool unlock);
185 static int buf_recycle(struct bufdomain *, bool kva);
186 static void bq_init(struct bufqueue *bq, int qindex, int cpu,
187 	    const char *lockname);
188 static void bd_init(struct bufdomain *bd);
189 static int bd_flushall(struct bufdomain *bd);
190 static int sysctl_bufdomain_long(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
191 static int sysctl_bufdomain_int(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
192 
193 static int sysctl_bufspace(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
194 int vmiodirenable = TRUE;
195 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, vmiodirenable, CTLFLAG_RW, &vmiodirenable, 0,
196     "Use the VM system for directory writes");
197 long runningbufspace;
198 SYSCTL_LONG(_vfs, OID_AUTO, runningbufspace, CTLFLAG_RD, &runningbufspace, 0,
199     "Amount of presently outstanding async buffer io");
200 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, bufspace, CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RD,
201     NULL, 0, sysctl_bufspace, "L", "Physical memory used for buffers");
202 static counter_u64_t bufkvaspace;
203 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, bufkvaspace, CTLFLAG_RD, &bufkvaspace,
204     "Kernel virtual memory used for buffers");
205 static long maxbufspace;
206 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, maxbufspace,
207     CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &maxbufspace,
208     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_maxbufspace), sysctl_bufdomain_long, "L",
209     "Maximum allowed value of bufspace (including metadata)");
210 static long bufmallocspace;
211 SYSCTL_LONG(_vfs, OID_AUTO, bufmallocspace, CTLFLAG_RD, &bufmallocspace, 0,
212     "Amount of malloced memory for buffers");
213 static long maxbufmallocspace;
214 SYSCTL_LONG(_vfs, OID_AUTO, maxmallocbufspace, CTLFLAG_RW, &maxbufmallocspace,
215     0, "Maximum amount of malloced memory for buffers");
216 static long lobufspace;
217 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, lobufspace,
218     CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &lobufspace,
219     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_lobufspace), sysctl_bufdomain_long, "L",
220     "Minimum amount of buffers we want to have");
221 long hibufspace;
222 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, hibufspace,
223     CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &hibufspace,
224     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_hibufspace), sysctl_bufdomain_long, "L",
225     "Maximum allowed value of bufspace (excluding metadata)");
226 long bufspacethresh;
227 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, bufspacethresh,
228     CTLTYPE_LONG|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &bufspacethresh,
229     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_bufspacethresh), sysctl_bufdomain_long, "L",
230     "Bufspace consumed before waking the daemon to free some");
231 static counter_u64_t buffreekvacnt;
232 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, buffreekvacnt, CTLFLAG_RW, &buffreekvacnt,
233     "Number of times we have freed the KVA space from some buffer");
234 static counter_u64_t bufdefragcnt;
235 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, bufdefragcnt, CTLFLAG_RW, &bufdefragcnt,
236     "Number of times we have had to repeat buffer allocation to defragment");
237 static long lorunningspace;
238 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, lorunningspace, CTLTYPE_LONG | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE |
239     CTLFLAG_RW, &lorunningspace, 0, sysctl_runningspace, "L",
240     "Minimum preferred space used for in-progress I/O");
241 static long hirunningspace;
242 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, hirunningspace, CTLTYPE_LONG | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE |
243     CTLFLAG_RW, &hirunningspace, 0, sysctl_runningspace, "L",
244     "Maximum amount of space to use for in-progress I/O");
245 int dirtybufferflushes;
246 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, dirtybufferflushes, CTLFLAG_RW, &dirtybufferflushes,
247     0, "Number of bdwrite to bawrite conversions to limit dirty buffers");
248 int bdwriteskip;
249 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, bdwriteskip, CTLFLAG_RW, &bdwriteskip,
250     0, "Number of buffers supplied to bdwrite with snapshot deadlock risk");
251 int altbufferflushes;
252 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, altbufferflushes, CTLFLAG_RW, &altbufferflushes,
253     0, "Number of fsync flushes to limit dirty buffers");
254 static int recursiveflushes;
255 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, recursiveflushes, CTLFLAG_RW, &recursiveflushes,
256     0, "Number of flushes skipped due to being recursive");
257 static int sysctl_numdirtybuffers(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
258 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, numdirtybuffers,
259     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RD, NULL, 0, sysctl_numdirtybuffers, "I",
260     "Number of buffers that are dirty (has unwritten changes) at the moment");
261 static int lodirtybuffers;
262 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, lodirtybuffers,
263     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &lodirtybuffers,
264     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_lodirtybuffers), sysctl_bufdomain_int, "I",
265     "How many buffers we want to have free before bufdaemon can sleep");
266 static int hidirtybuffers;
267 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, hidirtybuffers,
268     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &hidirtybuffers,
269     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_hidirtybuffers), sysctl_bufdomain_int, "I",
270     "When the number of dirty buffers is considered severe");
271 int dirtybufthresh;
272 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, dirtybufthresh,
273     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &dirtybufthresh,
274     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_dirtybufthresh), sysctl_bufdomain_int, "I",
275     "Number of bdwrite to bawrite conversions to clear dirty buffers");
276 static int numfreebuffers;
277 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, numfreebuffers, CTLFLAG_RD, &numfreebuffers, 0,
278     "Number of free buffers");
279 static int lofreebuffers;
280 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, lofreebuffers,
281     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &lofreebuffers,
282     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_lofreebuffers), sysctl_bufdomain_int, "I",
283    "Target number of free buffers");
284 static int hifreebuffers;
285 SYSCTL_PROC(_vfs, OID_AUTO, hifreebuffers,
286     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE|CTLFLAG_RW, &hifreebuffers,
287     __offsetof(struct bufdomain, bd_hifreebuffers), sysctl_bufdomain_int, "I",
288    "Threshold for clean buffer recycling");
289 static counter_u64_t getnewbufcalls;
290 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, getnewbufcalls, CTLFLAG_RD,
291    &getnewbufcalls, "Number of calls to getnewbuf");
292 static counter_u64_t getnewbufrestarts;
293 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, getnewbufrestarts, CTLFLAG_RD,
294     &getnewbufrestarts,
295     "Number of times getnewbuf has had to restart a buffer acquisition");
296 static counter_u64_t mappingrestarts;
297 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, mappingrestarts, CTLFLAG_RD,
298     &mappingrestarts,
299     "Number of times getblk has had to restart a buffer mapping for "
300     "unmapped buffer");
301 static counter_u64_t numbufallocfails;
302 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, numbufallocfails, CTLFLAG_RW,
303     &numbufallocfails, "Number of times buffer allocations failed");
304 static int flushbufqtarget = 100;
305 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, flushbufqtarget, CTLFLAG_RW, &flushbufqtarget, 0,
306     "Amount of work to do in flushbufqueues when helping bufdaemon");
307 static counter_u64_t notbufdflushes;
308 SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_vfs, OID_AUTO, notbufdflushes, CTLFLAG_RD, &notbufdflushes,
309     "Number of dirty buffer flushes done by the bufdaemon helpers");
310 static long barrierwrites;
311 SYSCTL_LONG(_vfs, OID_AUTO, barrierwrites, CTLFLAG_RW, &barrierwrites, 0,
312     "Number of barrier writes");
313 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, unmapped_buf_allowed, CTLFLAG_RD,
314     &unmapped_buf_allowed, 0,
315     "Permit the use of the unmapped i/o");
316 int maxbcachebuf = MAXBCACHEBUF;
317 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, maxbcachebuf, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &maxbcachebuf, 0,
318     "Maximum size of a buffer cache block");
319 
320 /*
321  * This lock synchronizes access to bd_request.
322  */
323 static struct mtx_padalign __exclusive_cache_line bdlock;
324 
325 /*
326  * This lock protects the runningbufreq and synchronizes runningbufwakeup and
327  * waitrunningbufspace().
328  */
329 static struct mtx_padalign __exclusive_cache_line rbreqlock;
330 
331 /*
332  * Lock that protects bdirtywait.
333  */
334 static struct mtx_padalign __exclusive_cache_line bdirtylock;
335 
336 /*
337  * Wakeup point for bufdaemon, as well as indicator of whether it is already
338  * active.  Set to 1 when the bufdaemon is already "on" the queue, 0 when it
339  * is idling.
340  */
341 static int bd_request;
342 
343 /*
344  * Request for the buf daemon to write more buffers than is indicated by
345  * lodirtybuf.  This may be necessary to push out excess dependencies or
346  * defragment the address space where a simple count of the number of dirty
347  * buffers is insufficient to characterize the demand for flushing them.
348  */
349 static int bd_speedupreq;
350 
351 /*
352  * Synchronization (sleep/wakeup) variable for active buffer space requests.
353  * Set when wait starts, cleared prior to wakeup().
354  * Used in runningbufwakeup() and waitrunningbufspace().
355  */
356 static int runningbufreq;
357 
358 /*
359  * Synchronization for bwillwrite() waiters.
360  */
361 static int bdirtywait;
362 
363 /*
364  * Definitions for the buffer free lists.
365  */
366 #define QUEUE_NONE	0	/* on no queue */
367 #define QUEUE_EMPTY	1	/* empty buffer headers */
368 #define QUEUE_DIRTY	2	/* B_DELWRI buffers */
369 #define QUEUE_CLEAN	3	/* non-B_DELWRI buffers */
370 #define QUEUE_SENTINEL	4	/* not an queue index, but mark for sentinel */
371 
372 /* Maximum number of buffer domains. */
373 #define	BUF_DOMAINS	8
374 
375 struct bufdomainset bdlodirty;		/* Domains > lodirty */
376 struct bufdomainset bdhidirty;		/* Domains > hidirty */
377 
378 /* Configured number of clean queues. */
379 static int __read_mostly buf_domains;
380 
381 BITSET_DEFINE(bufdomainset, BUF_DOMAINS);
382 struct bufdomain __exclusive_cache_line bdomain[BUF_DOMAINS];
383 struct bufqueue __exclusive_cache_line bqempty;
384 
385 /*
386  * per-cpu empty buffer cache.
387  */
388 uma_zone_t buf_zone;
389 
390 /*
391  * Single global constant for BUF_WMESG, to avoid getting multiple references.
392  * buf_wmesg is referred from macros.
393  */
394 const char *buf_wmesg = BUF_WMESG;
395 
396 static int
397 sysctl_runningspace(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
398 {
399 	long value;
400 	int error;
401 
402 	value = *(long *)arg1;
403 	error = sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &value, 0, req);
404 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
405 		return (error);
406 	mtx_lock(&rbreqlock);
407 	if (arg1 == &hirunningspace) {
408 		if (value < lorunningspace)
409 			error = EINVAL;
410 		else
411 			hirunningspace = value;
412 	} else {
413 		KASSERT(arg1 == &lorunningspace,
414 		    ("%s: unknown arg1", __func__));
415 		if (value > hirunningspace)
416 			error = EINVAL;
417 		else
418 			lorunningspace = value;
419 	}
420 	mtx_unlock(&rbreqlock);
421 	return (error);
422 }
423 
424 static int
425 sysctl_bufdomain_int(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
426 {
427 	int error;
428 	int value;
429 	int i;
430 
431 	value = *(int *)arg1;
432 	error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &value, 0, req);
433 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
434 		return (error);
435 	*(int *)arg1 = value;
436 	for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++)
437 		*(int *)(uintptr_t)(((uintptr_t)&bdomain[i]) + arg2) =
438 		    value / buf_domains;
439 
440 	return (error);
441 }
442 
443 static int
444 sysctl_bufdomain_long(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
445 {
446 	long value;
447 	int error;
448 	int i;
449 
450 	value = *(long *)arg1;
451 	error = sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &value, 0, req);
452 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
453 		return (error);
454 	*(long *)arg1 = value;
455 	for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++)
456 		*(long *)(uintptr_t)(((uintptr_t)&bdomain[i]) + arg2) =
457 		    value / buf_domains;
458 
459 	return (error);
460 }
461 
462 #if defined(COMPAT_FREEBSD4) || defined(COMPAT_FREEBSD5) || \
463     defined(COMPAT_FREEBSD6) || defined(COMPAT_FREEBSD7)
464 static int
465 sysctl_bufspace(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
466 {
467 	long lvalue;
468 	int ivalue;
469 	int i;
470 
471 	lvalue = 0;
472 	for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++)
473 		lvalue += bdomain[i].bd_bufspace;
474 	if (sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) || req->oldlen >= sizeof(long))
475 		return (sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &lvalue, 0, req));
476 	if (lvalue > INT_MAX)
477 		/* On overflow, still write out a long to trigger ENOMEM. */
478 		return (sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &lvalue, 0, req));
479 	ivalue = lvalue;
480 	return (sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &ivalue, 0, req));
481 }
482 #else
483 static int
484 sysctl_bufspace(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
485 {
486 	long lvalue;
487 	int i;
488 
489 	lvalue = 0;
490 	for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++)
491 		lvalue += bdomain[i].bd_bufspace;
492 	return (sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &lvalue, 0, req));
493 }
494 #endif
495 
496 static int
497 sysctl_numdirtybuffers(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
498 {
499 	int value;
500 	int i;
501 
502 	value = 0;
503 	for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++)
504 		value += bdomain[i].bd_numdirtybuffers;
505 	return (sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &value, 0, req));
506 }
507 
508 /*
509  *	bdirtywakeup:
510  *
511  *	Wakeup any bwillwrite() waiters.
512  */
513 static void
514 bdirtywakeup(void)
515 {
516 	mtx_lock(&bdirtylock);
517 	if (bdirtywait) {
518 		bdirtywait = 0;
519 		wakeup(&bdirtywait);
520 	}
521 	mtx_unlock(&bdirtylock);
522 }
523 
524 /*
525  *	bd_clear:
526  *
527  *	Clear a domain from the appropriate bitsets when dirtybuffers
528  *	is decremented.
529  */
530 static void
531 bd_clear(struct bufdomain *bd)
532 {
533 
534 	mtx_lock(&bdirtylock);
535 	if (bd->bd_numdirtybuffers <= bd->bd_lodirtybuffers)
536 		BIT_CLR(BUF_DOMAINS, BD_DOMAIN(bd), &bdlodirty);
537 	if (bd->bd_numdirtybuffers <= bd->bd_hidirtybuffers)
538 		BIT_CLR(BUF_DOMAINS, BD_DOMAIN(bd), &bdhidirty);
539 	mtx_unlock(&bdirtylock);
540 }
541 
542 /*
543  *	bd_set:
544  *
545  *	Set a domain in the appropriate bitsets when dirtybuffers
546  *	is incremented.
547  */
548 static void
549 bd_set(struct bufdomain *bd)
550 {
551 
552 	mtx_lock(&bdirtylock);
553 	if (bd->bd_numdirtybuffers > bd->bd_lodirtybuffers)
554 		BIT_SET(BUF_DOMAINS, BD_DOMAIN(bd), &bdlodirty);
555 	if (bd->bd_numdirtybuffers > bd->bd_hidirtybuffers)
556 		BIT_SET(BUF_DOMAINS, BD_DOMAIN(bd), &bdhidirty);
557 	mtx_unlock(&bdirtylock);
558 }
559 
560 /*
561  *	bdirtysub:
562  *
563  *	Decrement the numdirtybuffers count by one and wakeup any
564  *	threads blocked in bwillwrite().
565  */
566 static void
567 bdirtysub(struct buf *bp)
568 {
569 	struct bufdomain *bd;
570 	int num;
571 
572 	bd = bufdomain(bp);
573 	num = atomic_fetchadd_int(&bd->bd_numdirtybuffers, -1);
574 	if (num == (bd->bd_lodirtybuffers + bd->bd_hidirtybuffers) / 2)
575 		bdirtywakeup();
576 	if (num == bd->bd_lodirtybuffers || num == bd->bd_hidirtybuffers)
577 		bd_clear(bd);
578 }
579 
580 /*
581  *	bdirtyadd:
582  *
583  *	Increment the numdirtybuffers count by one and wakeup the buf
584  *	daemon if needed.
585  */
586 static void
587 bdirtyadd(struct buf *bp)
588 {
589 	struct bufdomain *bd;
590 	int num;
591 
592 	/*
593 	 * Only do the wakeup once as we cross the boundary.  The
594 	 * buf daemon will keep running until the condition clears.
595 	 */
596 	bd = bufdomain(bp);
597 	num = atomic_fetchadd_int(&bd->bd_numdirtybuffers, 1);
598 	if (num == (bd->bd_lodirtybuffers + bd->bd_hidirtybuffers) / 2)
599 		bd_wakeup();
600 	if (num == bd->bd_lodirtybuffers || num == bd->bd_hidirtybuffers)
601 		bd_set(bd);
602 }
603 
604 /*
605  *	bufspace_daemon_wakeup:
606  *
607  *	Wakeup the daemons responsible for freeing clean bufs.
608  */
609 static void
610 bufspace_daemon_wakeup(struct bufdomain *bd)
611 {
612 
613 	/*
614 	 * avoid the lock if the daemon is running.
615 	 */
616 	if (atomic_fetchadd_int(&bd->bd_running, 1) == 0) {
617 		BD_RUN_LOCK(bd);
618 		atomic_store_int(&bd->bd_running, 1);
619 		wakeup(&bd->bd_running);
620 		BD_RUN_UNLOCK(bd);
621 	}
622 }
623 
624 /*
625  *	bufspace_daemon_wait:
626  *
627  *	Sleep until the domain falls below a limit or one second passes.
628  */
629 static void
630 bufspace_daemon_wait(struct bufdomain *bd)
631 {
632 	/*
633 	 * Re-check our limits and sleep.  bd_running must be
634 	 * cleared prior to checking the limits to avoid missed
635 	 * wakeups.  The waker will adjust one of bufspace or
636 	 * freebuffers prior to checking bd_running.
637 	 */
638 	BD_RUN_LOCK(bd);
639 	atomic_store_int(&bd->bd_running, 0);
640 	if (bd->bd_bufspace < bd->bd_bufspacethresh &&
641 	    bd->bd_freebuffers > bd->bd_lofreebuffers) {
642 		msleep(&bd->bd_running, BD_RUN_LOCKPTR(bd), PRIBIO|PDROP,
643 		    "-", hz);
644 	} else {
645 		/* Avoid spurious wakeups while running. */
646 		atomic_store_int(&bd->bd_running, 1);
647 		BD_RUN_UNLOCK(bd);
648 	}
649 }
650 
651 /*
652  *	bufspace_adjust:
653  *
654  *	Adjust the reported bufspace for a KVA managed buffer, possibly
655  * 	waking any waiters.
656  */
657 static void
658 bufspace_adjust(struct buf *bp, int bufsize)
659 {
660 	struct bufdomain *bd;
661 	long space;
662 	int diff;
663 
664 	KASSERT((bp->b_flags & B_MALLOC) == 0,
665 	    ("bufspace_adjust: malloc buf %p", bp));
666 	bd = bufdomain(bp);
667 	diff = bufsize - bp->b_bufsize;
668 	if (diff < 0) {
669 		atomic_subtract_long(&bd->bd_bufspace, -diff);
670 	} else if (diff > 0) {
671 		space = atomic_fetchadd_long(&bd->bd_bufspace, diff);
672 		/* Wake up the daemon on the transition. */
673 		if (space < bd->bd_bufspacethresh &&
674 		    space + diff >= bd->bd_bufspacethresh)
675 			bufspace_daemon_wakeup(bd);
676 	}
677 	bp->b_bufsize = bufsize;
678 }
679 
680 /*
681  *	bufspace_reserve:
682  *
683  *	Reserve bufspace before calling allocbuf().  metadata has a
684  *	different space limit than data.
685  */
686 static int
687 bufspace_reserve(struct bufdomain *bd, int size, bool metadata)
688 {
689 	long limit, new;
690 	long space;
691 
692 	if (metadata)
693 		limit = bd->bd_maxbufspace;
694 	else
695 		limit = bd->bd_hibufspace;
696 	space = atomic_fetchadd_long(&bd->bd_bufspace, size);
697 	new = space + size;
698 	if (new > limit) {
699 		atomic_subtract_long(&bd->bd_bufspace, size);
700 		return (ENOSPC);
701 	}
702 
703 	/* Wake up the daemon on the transition. */
704 	if (space < bd->bd_bufspacethresh && new >= bd->bd_bufspacethresh)
705 		bufspace_daemon_wakeup(bd);
706 
707 	return (0);
708 }
709 
710 /*
711  *	bufspace_release:
712  *
713  *	Release reserved bufspace after bufspace_adjust() has consumed it.
714  */
715 static void
716 bufspace_release(struct bufdomain *bd, int size)
717 {
718 
719 	atomic_subtract_long(&bd->bd_bufspace, size);
720 }
721 
722 /*
723  *	bufspace_wait:
724  *
725  *	Wait for bufspace, acting as the buf daemon if a locked vnode is
726  *	supplied.  bd_wanted must be set prior to polling for space.  The
727  *	operation must be re-tried on return.
728  */
729 static void
730 bufspace_wait(struct bufdomain *bd, struct vnode *vp, int gbflags,
731     int slpflag, int slptimeo)
732 {
733 	struct thread *td;
734 	int error, fl, norunbuf;
735 
736 	if ((gbflags & GB_NOWAIT_BD) != 0)
737 		return;
738 
739 	td = curthread;
740 	BD_LOCK(bd);
741 	while (bd->bd_wanted) {
742 		if (vp != NULL && vp->v_type != VCHR &&
743 		    (td->td_pflags & TDP_BUFNEED) == 0) {
744 			BD_UNLOCK(bd);
745 			/*
746 			 * getblk() is called with a vnode locked, and
747 			 * some majority of the dirty buffers may as
748 			 * well belong to the vnode.  Flushing the
749 			 * buffers there would make a progress that
750 			 * cannot be achieved by the buf_daemon, that
751 			 * cannot lock the vnode.
752 			 */
753 			norunbuf = ~(TDP_BUFNEED | TDP_NORUNNINGBUF) |
754 			    (td->td_pflags & TDP_NORUNNINGBUF);
755 
756 			/*
757 			 * Play bufdaemon.  The getnewbuf() function
758 			 * may be called while the thread owns lock
759 			 * for another dirty buffer for the same
760 			 * vnode, which makes it impossible to use
761 			 * VOP_FSYNC() there, due to the buffer lock
762 			 * recursion.
763 			 */
764 			td->td_pflags |= TDP_BUFNEED | TDP_NORUNNINGBUF;
765 			fl = buf_flush(vp, bd, flushbufqtarget);
766 			td->td_pflags &= norunbuf;
767 			BD_LOCK(bd);
768 			if (fl != 0)
769 				continue;
770 			if (bd->bd_wanted == 0)
771 				break;
772 		}
773 		error = msleep(&bd->bd_wanted, BD_LOCKPTR(bd),
774 		    (PRIBIO + 4) | slpflag, "newbuf", slptimeo);
775 		if (error != 0)
776 			break;
777 	}
778 	BD_UNLOCK(bd);
779 }
780 
781 
782 /*
783  *	bufspace_daemon:
784  *
785  *	buffer space management daemon.  Tries to maintain some marginal
786  *	amount of free buffer space so that requesting processes neither
787  *	block nor work to reclaim buffers.
788  */
789 static void
790 bufspace_daemon(void *arg)
791 {
792 	struct bufdomain *bd;
793 
794 	EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_pre_sync, kthread_shutdown, curthread,
795 	    SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
796 
797 	bd = arg;
798 	for (;;) {
799 		kthread_suspend_check();
800 
801 		/*
802 		 * Free buffers from the clean queue until we meet our
803 		 * targets.
804 		 *
805 		 * Theory of operation:  The buffer cache is most efficient
806 		 * when some free buffer headers and space are always
807 		 * available to getnewbuf().  This daemon attempts to prevent
808 		 * the excessive blocking and synchronization associated
809 		 * with shortfall.  It goes through three phases according
810 		 * demand:
811 		 *
812 		 * 1)	The daemon wakes up voluntarily once per-second
813 		 *	during idle periods when the counters are below
814 		 *	the wakeup thresholds (bufspacethresh, lofreebuffers).
815 		 *
816 		 * 2)	The daemon wakes up as we cross the thresholds
817 		 *	ahead of any potential blocking.  This may bounce
818 		 *	slightly according to the rate of consumption and
819 		 *	release.
820 		 *
821 		 * 3)	The daemon and consumers are starved for working
822 		 *	clean buffers.  This is the 'bufspace' sleep below
823 		 *	which will inefficiently trade bufs with bqrelse
824 		 *	until we return to condition 2.
825 		 */
826 		while (bd->bd_bufspace > bd->bd_lobufspace ||
827 		    bd->bd_freebuffers < bd->bd_hifreebuffers) {
828 			if (buf_recycle(bd, false) != 0) {
829 				if (bd_flushall(bd))
830 					continue;
831 				/*
832 				 * Speedup dirty if we've run out of clean
833 				 * buffers.  This is possible in particular
834 				 * because softdep may held many bufs locked
835 				 * pending writes to other bufs which are
836 				 * marked for delayed write, exhausting
837 				 * clean space until they are written.
838 				 */
839 				bd_speedup();
840 				BD_LOCK(bd);
841 				if (bd->bd_wanted) {
842 					msleep(&bd->bd_wanted, BD_LOCKPTR(bd),
843 					    PRIBIO|PDROP, "bufspace", hz/10);
844 				} else
845 					BD_UNLOCK(bd);
846 			}
847 			maybe_yield();
848 		}
849 		bufspace_daemon_wait(bd);
850 	}
851 }
852 
853 /*
854  *	bufmallocadjust:
855  *
856  *	Adjust the reported bufspace for a malloc managed buffer, possibly
857  *	waking any waiters.
858  */
859 static void
860 bufmallocadjust(struct buf *bp, int bufsize)
861 {
862 	int diff;
863 
864 	KASSERT((bp->b_flags & B_MALLOC) != 0,
865 	    ("bufmallocadjust: non-malloc buf %p", bp));
866 	diff = bufsize - bp->b_bufsize;
867 	if (diff < 0)
868 		atomic_subtract_long(&bufmallocspace, -diff);
869 	else
870 		atomic_add_long(&bufmallocspace, diff);
871 	bp->b_bufsize = bufsize;
872 }
873 
874 /*
875  *	runningwakeup:
876  *
877  *	Wake up processes that are waiting on asynchronous writes to fall
878  *	below lorunningspace.
879  */
880 static void
881 runningwakeup(void)
882 {
883 
884 	mtx_lock(&rbreqlock);
885 	if (runningbufreq) {
886 		runningbufreq = 0;
887 		wakeup(&runningbufreq);
888 	}
889 	mtx_unlock(&rbreqlock);
890 }
891 
892 /*
893  *	runningbufwakeup:
894  *
895  *	Decrement the outstanding write count according.
896  */
897 void
898 runningbufwakeup(struct buf *bp)
899 {
900 	long space, bspace;
901 
902 	bspace = bp->b_runningbufspace;
903 	if (bspace == 0)
904 		return;
905 	space = atomic_fetchadd_long(&runningbufspace, -bspace);
906 	KASSERT(space >= bspace, ("runningbufspace underflow %ld %ld",
907 	    space, bspace));
908 	bp->b_runningbufspace = 0;
909 	/*
910 	 * Only acquire the lock and wakeup on the transition from exceeding
911 	 * the threshold to falling below it.
912 	 */
913 	if (space < lorunningspace)
914 		return;
915 	if (space - bspace > lorunningspace)
916 		return;
917 	runningwakeup();
918 }
919 
920 /*
921  *	waitrunningbufspace()
922  *
923  *	runningbufspace is a measure of the amount of I/O currently
924  *	running.  This routine is used in async-write situations to
925  *	prevent creating huge backups of pending writes to a device.
926  *	Only asynchronous writes are governed by this function.
927  *
928  *	This does NOT turn an async write into a sync write.  It waits
929  *	for earlier writes to complete and generally returns before the
930  *	caller's write has reached the device.
931  */
932 void
933 waitrunningbufspace(void)
934 {
935 
936 	mtx_lock(&rbreqlock);
937 	while (runningbufspace > hirunningspace) {
938 		runningbufreq = 1;
939 		msleep(&runningbufreq, &rbreqlock, PVM, "wdrain", 0);
940 	}
941 	mtx_unlock(&rbreqlock);
942 }
943 
944 
945 /*
946  *	vfs_buf_test_cache:
947  *
948  *	Called when a buffer is extended.  This function clears the B_CACHE
949  *	bit if the newly extended portion of the buffer does not contain
950  *	valid data.
951  */
952 static __inline void
953 vfs_buf_test_cache(struct buf *bp, vm_ooffset_t foff, vm_offset_t off,
954     vm_offset_t size, vm_page_t m)
955 {
956 
957 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m->object);
958 	if (bp->b_flags & B_CACHE) {
959 		int base = (foff + off) & PAGE_MASK;
960 		if (vm_page_is_valid(m, base, size) == 0)
961 			bp->b_flags &= ~B_CACHE;
962 	}
963 }
964 
965 /* Wake up the buffer daemon if necessary */
966 static void
967 bd_wakeup(void)
968 {
969 
970 	mtx_lock(&bdlock);
971 	if (bd_request == 0) {
972 		bd_request = 1;
973 		wakeup(&bd_request);
974 	}
975 	mtx_unlock(&bdlock);
976 }
977 
978 /*
979  * Adjust the maxbcachbuf tunable.
980  */
981 static void
982 maxbcachebuf_adjust(void)
983 {
984 	int i;
985 
986 	/*
987 	 * maxbcachebuf must be a power of 2 >= MAXBSIZE.
988 	 */
989 	i = 2;
990 	while (i * 2 <= maxbcachebuf)
991 		i *= 2;
992 	maxbcachebuf = i;
993 	if (maxbcachebuf < MAXBSIZE)
994 		maxbcachebuf = MAXBSIZE;
995 	if (maxbcachebuf > MAXPHYS)
996 		maxbcachebuf = MAXPHYS;
997 	if (bootverbose != 0 && maxbcachebuf != MAXBCACHEBUF)
998 		printf("maxbcachebuf=%d\n", maxbcachebuf);
999 }
1000 
1001 /*
1002  * bd_speedup - speedup the buffer cache flushing code
1003  */
1004 void
1005 bd_speedup(void)
1006 {
1007 	int needwake;
1008 
1009 	mtx_lock(&bdlock);
1010 	needwake = 0;
1011 	if (bd_speedupreq == 0 || bd_request == 0)
1012 		needwake = 1;
1013 	bd_speedupreq = 1;
1014 	bd_request = 1;
1015 	if (needwake)
1016 		wakeup(&bd_request);
1017 	mtx_unlock(&bdlock);
1018 }
1019 
1020 #ifdef __i386__
1021 #define	TRANSIENT_DENOM	5
1022 #else
1023 #define	TRANSIENT_DENOM 10
1024 #endif
1025 
1026 /*
1027  * Calculating buffer cache scaling values and reserve space for buffer
1028  * headers.  This is called during low level kernel initialization and
1029  * may be called more then once.  We CANNOT write to the memory area
1030  * being reserved at this time.
1031  */
1032 caddr_t
1033 kern_vfs_bio_buffer_alloc(caddr_t v, long physmem_est)
1034 {
1035 	int tuned_nbuf;
1036 	long maxbuf, maxbuf_sz, buf_sz,	biotmap_sz;
1037 
1038 	/*
1039 	 * physmem_est is in pages.  Convert it to kilobytes (assumes
1040 	 * PAGE_SIZE is >= 1K)
1041 	 */
1042 	physmem_est = physmem_est * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024);
1043 
1044 	maxbcachebuf_adjust();
1045 	/*
1046 	 * The nominal buffer size (and minimum KVA allocation) is BKVASIZE.
1047 	 * For the first 64MB of ram nominally allocate sufficient buffers to
1048 	 * cover 1/4 of our ram.  Beyond the first 64MB allocate additional
1049 	 * buffers to cover 1/10 of our ram over 64MB.  When auto-sizing
1050 	 * the buffer cache we limit the eventual kva reservation to
1051 	 * maxbcache bytes.
1052 	 *
1053 	 * factor represents the 1/4 x ram conversion.
1054 	 */
1055 	if (nbuf == 0) {
1056 		int factor = 4 * BKVASIZE / 1024;
1057 
1058 		nbuf = 50;
1059 		if (physmem_est > 4096)
1060 			nbuf += min((physmem_est - 4096) / factor,
1061 			    65536 / factor);
1062 		if (physmem_est > 65536)
1063 			nbuf += min((physmem_est - 65536) * 2 / (factor * 5),
1064 			    32 * 1024 * 1024 / (factor * 5));
1065 
1066 		if (maxbcache && nbuf > maxbcache / BKVASIZE)
1067 			nbuf = maxbcache / BKVASIZE;
1068 		tuned_nbuf = 1;
1069 	} else
1070 		tuned_nbuf = 0;
1071 
1072 	/* XXX Avoid unsigned long overflows later on with maxbufspace. */
1073 	maxbuf = (LONG_MAX / 3) / BKVASIZE;
1074 	if (nbuf > maxbuf) {
1075 		if (!tuned_nbuf)
1076 			printf("Warning: nbufs lowered from %d to %ld\n", nbuf,
1077 			    maxbuf);
1078 		nbuf = maxbuf;
1079 	}
1080 
1081 	/*
1082 	 * Ideal allocation size for the transient bio submap is 10%
1083 	 * of the maximal space buffer map.  This roughly corresponds
1084 	 * to the amount of the buffer mapped for typical UFS load.
1085 	 *
1086 	 * Clip the buffer map to reserve space for the transient
1087 	 * BIOs, if its extent is bigger than 90% (80% on i386) of the
1088 	 * maximum buffer map extent on the platform.
1089 	 *
1090 	 * The fall-back to the maxbuf in case of maxbcache unset,
1091 	 * allows to not trim the buffer KVA for the architectures
1092 	 * with ample KVA space.
1093 	 */
1094 	if (bio_transient_maxcnt == 0 && unmapped_buf_allowed) {
1095 		maxbuf_sz = maxbcache != 0 ? maxbcache : maxbuf * BKVASIZE;
1096 		buf_sz = (long)nbuf * BKVASIZE;
1097 		if (buf_sz < maxbuf_sz / TRANSIENT_DENOM *
1098 		    (TRANSIENT_DENOM - 1)) {
1099 			/*
1100 			 * There is more KVA than memory.  Do not
1101 			 * adjust buffer map size, and assign the rest
1102 			 * of maxbuf to transient map.
1103 			 */
1104 			biotmap_sz = maxbuf_sz - buf_sz;
1105 		} else {
1106 			/*
1107 			 * Buffer map spans all KVA we could afford on
1108 			 * this platform.  Give 10% (20% on i386) of
1109 			 * the buffer map to the transient bio map.
1110 			 */
1111 			biotmap_sz = buf_sz / TRANSIENT_DENOM;
1112 			buf_sz -= biotmap_sz;
1113 		}
1114 		if (biotmap_sz / INT_MAX > MAXPHYS)
1115 			bio_transient_maxcnt = INT_MAX;
1116 		else
1117 			bio_transient_maxcnt = biotmap_sz / MAXPHYS;
1118 		/*
1119 		 * Artificially limit to 1024 simultaneous in-flight I/Os
1120 		 * using the transient mapping.
1121 		 */
1122 		if (bio_transient_maxcnt > 1024)
1123 			bio_transient_maxcnt = 1024;
1124 		if (tuned_nbuf)
1125 			nbuf = buf_sz / BKVASIZE;
1126 	}
1127 
1128 	if (nswbuf == 0) {
1129 		nswbuf = min(nbuf / 4, 256);
1130 		if (nswbuf < NSWBUF_MIN)
1131 			nswbuf = NSWBUF_MIN;
1132 	}
1133 
1134 	/*
1135 	 * Reserve space for the buffer cache buffers
1136 	 */
1137 	buf = (void *)v;
1138 	v = (caddr_t)(buf + nbuf);
1139 
1140 	return(v);
1141 }
1142 
1143 /* Initialize the buffer subsystem.  Called before use of any buffers. */
1144 void
1145 bufinit(void)
1146 {
1147 	struct buf *bp;
1148 	int i;
1149 
1150 	KASSERT(maxbcachebuf >= MAXBSIZE,
1151 	    ("maxbcachebuf (%d) must be >= MAXBSIZE (%d)\n", maxbcachebuf,
1152 	    MAXBSIZE));
1153 	bq_init(&bqempty, QUEUE_EMPTY, -1, "bufq empty lock");
1154 	mtx_init(&rbreqlock, "runningbufspace lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
1155 	mtx_init(&bdlock, "buffer daemon lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
1156 	mtx_init(&bdirtylock, "dirty buf lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
1157 
1158 	unmapped_buf = (caddr_t)kva_alloc(MAXPHYS);
1159 
1160 	/* finally, initialize each buffer header and stick on empty q */
1161 	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
1162 		bp = &buf[i];
1163 		bzero(bp, sizeof *bp);
1164 		bp->b_flags = B_INVAL;
1165 		bp->b_rcred = NOCRED;
1166 		bp->b_wcred = NOCRED;
1167 		bp->b_qindex = QUEUE_NONE;
1168 		bp->b_domain = -1;
1169 		bp->b_subqueue = mp_maxid + 1;
1170 		bp->b_xflags = 0;
1171 		bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase = unmapped_buf;
1172 		LIST_INIT(&bp->b_dep);
1173 		BUF_LOCKINIT(bp);
1174 		bq_insert(&bqempty, bp, false);
1175 	}
1176 
1177 	/*
1178 	 * maxbufspace is the absolute maximum amount of buffer space we are
1179 	 * allowed to reserve in KVM and in real terms.  The absolute maximum
1180 	 * is nominally used by metadata.  hibufspace is the nominal maximum
1181 	 * used by most other requests.  The differential is required to
1182 	 * ensure that metadata deadlocks don't occur.
1183 	 *
1184 	 * maxbufspace is based on BKVASIZE.  Allocating buffers larger then
1185 	 * this may result in KVM fragmentation which is not handled optimally
1186 	 * by the system. XXX This is less true with vmem.  We could use
1187 	 * PAGE_SIZE.
1188 	 */
1189 	maxbufspace = (long)nbuf * BKVASIZE;
1190 	hibufspace = lmax(3 * maxbufspace / 4, maxbufspace - maxbcachebuf * 10);
1191 	lobufspace = (hibufspace / 20) * 19; /* 95% */
1192 	bufspacethresh = lobufspace + (hibufspace - lobufspace) / 2;
1193 
1194 	/*
1195 	 * Note: The 16 MiB upper limit for hirunningspace was chosen
1196 	 * arbitrarily and may need further tuning. It corresponds to
1197 	 * 128 outstanding write IO requests (if IO size is 128 KiB),
1198 	 * which fits with many RAID controllers' tagged queuing limits.
1199 	 * The lower 1 MiB limit is the historical upper limit for
1200 	 * hirunningspace.
1201 	 */
1202 	hirunningspace = lmax(lmin(roundup(hibufspace / 64, maxbcachebuf),
1203 	    16 * 1024 * 1024), 1024 * 1024);
1204 	lorunningspace = roundup((hirunningspace * 2) / 3, maxbcachebuf);
1205 
1206 	/*
1207 	 * Limit the amount of malloc memory since it is wired permanently into
1208 	 * the kernel space.  Even though this is accounted for in the buffer
1209 	 * allocation, we don't want the malloced region to grow uncontrolled.
1210 	 * The malloc scheme improves memory utilization significantly on
1211 	 * average (small) directories.
1212 	 */
1213 	maxbufmallocspace = hibufspace / 20;
1214 
1215 	/*
1216 	 * Reduce the chance of a deadlock occurring by limiting the number
1217 	 * of delayed-write dirty buffers we allow to stack up.
1218 	 */
1219 	hidirtybuffers = nbuf / 4 + 20;
1220 	dirtybufthresh = hidirtybuffers * 9 / 10;
1221 	/*
1222 	 * To support extreme low-memory systems, make sure hidirtybuffers
1223 	 * cannot eat up all available buffer space.  This occurs when our
1224 	 * minimum cannot be met.  We try to size hidirtybuffers to 3/4 our
1225 	 * buffer space assuming BKVASIZE'd buffers.
1226 	 */
1227 	while ((long)hidirtybuffers * BKVASIZE > 3 * hibufspace / 4) {
1228 		hidirtybuffers >>= 1;
1229 	}
1230 	lodirtybuffers = hidirtybuffers / 2;
1231 
1232 	/*
1233 	 * lofreebuffers should be sufficient to avoid stalling waiting on
1234 	 * buf headers under heavy utilization.  The bufs in per-cpu caches
1235 	 * are counted as free but will be unavailable to threads executing
1236 	 * on other cpus.
1237 	 *
1238 	 * hifreebuffers is the free target for the bufspace daemon.  This
1239 	 * should be set appropriately to limit work per-iteration.
1240 	 */
1241 	lofreebuffers = MIN((nbuf / 25) + (20 * mp_ncpus), 128 * mp_ncpus);
1242 	hifreebuffers = (3 * lofreebuffers) / 2;
1243 	numfreebuffers = nbuf;
1244 
1245 	/* Setup the kva and free list allocators. */
1246 	vmem_set_reclaim(buffer_arena, bufkva_reclaim);
1247 	buf_zone = uma_zcache_create("buf free cache", sizeof(struct buf),
1248 	    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, buf_import, buf_release, NULL, 0);
1249 
1250 	/*
1251 	 * Size the clean queue according to the amount of buffer space.
1252 	 * One queue per-256mb up to the max.  More queues gives better
1253 	 * concurrency but less accurate LRU.
1254 	 */
1255 	buf_domains = MIN(howmany(maxbufspace, 256*1024*1024), BUF_DOMAINS);
1256 	for (i = 0 ; i < buf_domains; i++) {
1257 		struct bufdomain *bd;
1258 
1259 		bd = &bdomain[i];
1260 		bd_init(bd);
1261 		bd->bd_freebuffers = nbuf / buf_domains;
1262 		bd->bd_hifreebuffers = hifreebuffers / buf_domains;
1263 		bd->bd_lofreebuffers = lofreebuffers / buf_domains;
1264 		bd->bd_bufspace = 0;
1265 		bd->bd_maxbufspace = maxbufspace / buf_domains;
1266 		bd->bd_hibufspace = hibufspace / buf_domains;
1267 		bd->bd_lobufspace = lobufspace / buf_domains;
1268 		bd->bd_bufspacethresh = bufspacethresh / buf_domains;
1269 		bd->bd_numdirtybuffers = 0;
1270 		bd->bd_hidirtybuffers = hidirtybuffers / buf_domains;
1271 		bd->bd_lodirtybuffers = lodirtybuffers / buf_domains;
1272 		bd->bd_dirtybufthresh = dirtybufthresh / buf_domains;
1273 		/* Don't allow more than 2% of bufs in the per-cpu caches. */
1274 		bd->bd_lim = nbuf / buf_domains / 50 / mp_ncpus;
1275 	}
1276 	getnewbufcalls = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1277 	getnewbufrestarts = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1278 	mappingrestarts = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1279 	numbufallocfails = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1280 	notbufdflushes = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1281 	buffreekvacnt = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1282 	bufdefragcnt = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1283 	bufkvaspace = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
1284 }
1285 
1286 #ifdef INVARIANTS
1287 static inline void
1288 vfs_buf_check_mapped(struct buf *bp)
1289 {
1290 
1291 	KASSERT(bp->b_kvabase != unmapped_buf,
1292 	    ("mapped buf: b_kvabase was not updated %p", bp));
1293 	KASSERT(bp->b_data != unmapped_buf,
1294 	    ("mapped buf: b_data was not updated %p", bp));
1295 	KASSERT(bp->b_data < unmapped_buf || bp->b_data >= unmapped_buf +
1296 	    MAXPHYS, ("b_data + b_offset unmapped %p", bp));
1297 }
1298 
1299 static inline void
1300 vfs_buf_check_unmapped(struct buf *bp)
1301 {
1302 
1303 	KASSERT(bp->b_data == unmapped_buf,
1304 	    ("unmapped buf: corrupted b_data %p", bp));
1305 }
1306 
1307 #define	BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp) vfs_buf_check_mapped(bp)
1308 #define	BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp) vfs_buf_check_unmapped(bp)
1309 #else
1310 #define	BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp) do {} while (0)
1311 #define	BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp) do {} while (0)
1312 #endif
1313 
1314 static int
1315 isbufbusy(struct buf *bp)
1316 {
1317 	if (((bp->b_flags & B_INVAL) == 0 && BUF_ISLOCKED(bp)) ||
1318 	    ((bp->b_flags & (B_DELWRI | B_INVAL)) == B_DELWRI))
1319 		return (1);
1320 	return (0);
1321 }
1322 
1323 /*
1324  * Shutdown the system cleanly to prepare for reboot, halt, or power off.
1325  */
1326 void
1327 bufshutdown(int show_busybufs)
1328 {
1329 	static int first_buf_printf = 1;
1330 	struct buf *bp;
1331 	int iter, nbusy, pbusy;
1332 #ifndef PREEMPTION
1333 	int subiter;
1334 #endif
1335 
1336 	/*
1337 	 * Sync filesystems for shutdown
1338 	 */
1339 	wdog_kern_pat(WD_LASTVAL);
1340 	sys_sync(curthread, NULL);
1341 
1342 	/*
1343 	 * With soft updates, some buffers that are
1344 	 * written will be remarked as dirty until other
1345 	 * buffers are written.
1346 	 */
1347 	for (iter = pbusy = 0; iter < 20; iter++) {
1348 		nbusy = 0;
1349 		for (bp = &buf[nbuf]; --bp >= buf; )
1350 			if (isbufbusy(bp))
1351 				nbusy++;
1352 		if (nbusy == 0) {
1353 			if (first_buf_printf)
1354 				printf("All buffers synced.");
1355 			break;
1356 		}
1357 		if (first_buf_printf) {
1358 			printf("Syncing disks, buffers remaining... ");
1359 			first_buf_printf = 0;
1360 		}
1361 		printf("%d ", nbusy);
1362 		if (nbusy < pbusy)
1363 			iter = 0;
1364 		pbusy = nbusy;
1365 
1366 		wdog_kern_pat(WD_LASTVAL);
1367 		sys_sync(curthread, NULL);
1368 
1369 #ifdef PREEMPTION
1370 		/*
1371 		 * Spin for a while to allow interrupt threads to run.
1372 		 */
1373 		DELAY(50000 * iter);
1374 #else
1375 		/*
1376 		 * Context switch several times to allow interrupt
1377 		 * threads to run.
1378 		 */
1379 		for (subiter = 0; subiter < 50 * iter; subiter++) {
1380 			thread_lock(curthread);
1381 			mi_switch(SW_VOL, NULL);
1382 			thread_unlock(curthread);
1383 			DELAY(1000);
1384 		}
1385 #endif
1386 	}
1387 	printf("\n");
1388 	/*
1389 	 * Count only busy local buffers to prevent forcing
1390 	 * a fsck if we're just a client of a wedged NFS server
1391 	 */
1392 	nbusy = 0;
1393 	for (bp = &buf[nbuf]; --bp >= buf; ) {
1394 		if (isbufbusy(bp)) {
1395 #if 0
1396 /* XXX: This is bogus.  We should probably have a BO_REMOTE flag instead */
1397 			if (bp->b_dev == NULL) {
1398 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist,
1399 				    bp->b_vp->v_mount, mnt_list);
1400 				continue;
1401 			}
1402 #endif
1403 			nbusy++;
1404 			if (show_busybufs > 0) {
1405 				printf(
1406 	    "%d: buf:%p, vnode:%p, flags:%0x, blkno:%jd, lblkno:%jd, buflock:",
1407 				    nbusy, bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags,
1408 				    (intmax_t)bp->b_blkno,
1409 				    (intmax_t)bp->b_lblkno);
1410 				BUF_LOCKPRINTINFO(bp);
1411 				if (show_busybufs > 1)
1412 					vn_printf(bp->b_vp,
1413 					    "vnode content: ");
1414 			}
1415 		}
1416 	}
1417 	if (nbusy) {
1418 		/*
1419 		 * Failed to sync all blocks. Indicate this and don't
1420 		 * unmount filesystems (thus forcing an fsck on reboot).
1421 		 */
1422 		printf("Giving up on %d buffers\n", nbusy);
1423 		DELAY(5000000);	/* 5 seconds */
1424 	} else {
1425 		if (!first_buf_printf)
1426 			printf("Final sync complete\n");
1427 		/*
1428 		 * Unmount filesystems
1429 		 */
1430 		if (panicstr == NULL)
1431 			vfs_unmountall();
1432 	}
1433 	swapoff_all();
1434 	DELAY(100000);		/* wait for console output to finish */
1435 }
1436 
1437 static void
1438 bpmap_qenter(struct buf *bp)
1439 {
1440 
1441 	BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
1442 
1443 	/*
1444 	 * bp->b_data is relative to bp->b_offset, but
1445 	 * bp->b_offset may be offset into the first page.
1446 	 */
1447 	bp->b_data = (caddr_t)trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data);
1448 	pmap_qenter((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data, bp->b_pages, bp->b_npages);
1449 	bp->b_data = (caddr_t)((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data |
1450 	    (vm_offset_t)(bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK));
1451 }
1452 
1453 static inline struct bufdomain *
1454 bufdomain(struct buf *bp)
1455 {
1456 
1457 	return (&bdomain[bp->b_domain]);
1458 }
1459 
1460 static struct bufqueue *
1461 bufqueue(struct buf *bp)
1462 {
1463 
1464 	switch (bp->b_qindex) {
1465 	case QUEUE_NONE:
1466 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
1467 	case QUEUE_SENTINEL:
1468 		return (NULL);
1469 	case QUEUE_EMPTY:
1470 		return (&bqempty);
1471 	case QUEUE_DIRTY:
1472 		return (&bufdomain(bp)->bd_dirtyq);
1473 	case QUEUE_CLEAN:
1474 		return (&bufdomain(bp)->bd_subq[bp->b_subqueue]);
1475 	default:
1476 		break;
1477 	}
1478 	panic("bufqueue(%p): Unhandled type %d\n", bp, bp->b_qindex);
1479 }
1480 
1481 /*
1482  * Return the locked bufqueue that bp is a member of.
1483  */
1484 static struct bufqueue *
1485 bufqueue_acquire(struct buf *bp)
1486 {
1487 	struct bufqueue *bq, *nbq;
1488 
1489 	/*
1490 	 * bp can be pushed from a per-cpu queue to the
1491 	 * cleanq while we're waiting on the lock.  Retry
1492 	 * if the queues don't match.
1493 	 */
1494 	bq = bufqueue(bp);
1495 	BQ_LOCK(bq);
1496 	for (;;) {
1497 		nbq = bufqueue(bp);
1498 		if (bq == nbq)
1499 			break;
1500 		BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1501 		BQ_LOCK(nbq);
1502 		bq = nbq;
1503 	}
1504 	return (bq);
1505 }
1506 
1507 /*
1508  *	binsfree:
1509  *
1510  *	Insert the buffer into the appropriate free list.  Requires a
1511  *	locked buffer on entry and buffer is unlocked before return.
1512  */
1513 static void
1514 binsfree(struct buf *bp, int qindex)
1515 {
1516 	struct bufdomain *bd;
1517 	struct bufqueue *bq;
1518 
1519 	KASSERT(qindex == QUEUE_CLEAN || qindex == QUEUE_DIRTY,
1520 	    ("binsfree: Invalid qindex %d", qindex));
1521 	BUF_ASSERT_XLOCKED(bp);
1522 
1523 	/*
1524 	 * Handle delayed bremfree() processing.
1525 	 */
1526 	if (bp->b_flags & B_REMFREE) {
1527 		if (bp->b_qindex == qindex) {
1528 			bp->b_flags |= B_REUSE;
1529 			bp->b_flags &= ~B_REMFREE;
1530 			BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
1531 			return;
1532 		}
1533 		bq = bufqueue_acquire(bp);
1534 		bq_remove(bq, bp);
1535 		BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1536 	}
1537 	bd = bufdomain(bp);
1538 	if (qindex == QUEUE_CLEAN) {
1539 		if (bd->bd_lim != 0)
1540 			bq = &bd->bd_subq[PCPU_GET(cpuid)];
1541 		else
1542 			bq = bd->bd_cleanq;
1543 	} else
1544 		bq = &bd->bd_dirtyq;
1545 	bq_insert(bq, bp, true);
1546 }
1547 
1548 /*
1549  * buf_free:
1550  *
1551  *	Free a buffer to the buf zone once it no longer has valid contents.
1552  */
1553 static void
1554 buf_free(struct buf *bp)
1555 {
1556 
1557 	if (bp->b_flags & B_REMFREE)
1558 		bremfreef(bp);
1559 	if (bp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDINPROG)
1560 		panic("losing buffer 1");
1561 	if (bp->b_rcred != NOCRED) {
1562 		crfree(bp->b_rcred);
1563 		bp->b_rcred = NOCRED;
1564 	}
1565 	if (bp->b_wcred != NOCRED) {
1566 		crfree(bp->b_wcred);
1567 		bp->b_wcred = NOCRED;
1568 	}
1569 	if (!LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep))
1570 		buf_deallocate(bp);
1571 	bufkva_free(bp);
1572 	atomic_add_int(&bufdomain(bp)->bd_freebuffers, 1);
1573 	BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
1574 	uma_zfree(buf_zone, bp);
1575 }
1576 
1577 /*
1578  * buf_import:
1579  *
1580  *	Import bufs into the uma cache from the buf list.  The system still
1581  *	expects a static array of bufs and much of the synchronization
1582  *	around bufs assumes type stable storage.  As a result, UMA is used
1583  *	only as a per-cpu cache of bufs still maintained on a global list.
1584  */
1585 static int
1586 buf_import(void *arg, void **store, int cnt, int domain, int flags)
1587 {
1588 	struct buf *bp;
1589 	int i;
1590 
1591 	BQ_LOCK(&bqempty);
1592 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
1593 		bp = TAILQ_FIRST(&bqempty.bq_queue);
1594 		if (bp == NULL)
1595 			break;
1596 		bq_remove(&bqempty, bp);
1597 		store[i] = bp;
1598 	}
1599 	BQ_UNLOCK(&bqempty);
1600 
1601 	return (i);
1602 }
1603 
1604 /*
1605  * buf_release:
1606  *
1607  *	Release bufs from the uma cache back to the buffer queues.
1608  */
1609 static void
1610 buf_release(void *arg, void **store, int cnt)
1611 {
1612 	struct bufqueue *bq;
1613 	struct buf *bp;
1614         int i;
1615 
1616 	bq = &bqempty;
1617 	BQ_LOCK(bq);
1618         for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
1619 		bp = store[i];
1620 		/* Inline bq_insert() to batch locking. */
1621 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1622 		bp->b_flags &= ~(B_AGE | B_REUSE);
1623 		bq->bq_len++;
1624 		bp->b_qindex = bq->bq_index;
1625 	}
1626 	BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1627 }
1628 
1629 /*
1630  * buf_alloc:
1631  *
1632  *	Allocate an empty buffer header.
1633  */
1634 static struct buf *
1635 buf_alloc(struct bufdomain *bd)
1636 {
1637 	struct buf *bp;
1638 	int freebufs;
1639 
1640 	/*
1641 	 * We can only run out of bufs in the buf zone if the average buf
1642 	 * is less than BKVASIZE.  In this case the actual wait/block will
1643 	 * come from buf_reycle() failing to flush one of these small bufs.
1644 	 */
1645 	bp = NULL;
1646 	freebufs = atomic_fetchadd_int(&bd->bd_freebuffers, -1);
1647 	if (freebufs > 0)
1648 		bp = uma_zalloc(buf_zone, M_NOWAIT);
1649 	if (bp == NULL) {
1650 		atomic_add_int(&bd->bd_freebuffers, 1);
1651 		bufspace_daemon_wakeup(bd);
1652 		counter_u64_add(numbufallocfails, 1);
1653 		return (NULL);
1654 	}
1655 	/*
1656 	 * Wake-up the bufspace daemon on transition below threshold.
1657 	 */
1658 	if (freebufs == bd->bd_lofreebuffers)
1659 		bufspace_daemon_wakeup(bd);
1660 
1661 	if (BUF_LOCK(bp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL) != 0)
1662 		panic("getnewbuf_empty: Locked buf %p on free queue.", bp);
1663 
1664 	KASSERT(bp->b_vp == NULL,
1665 	    ("bp: %p still has vnode %p.", bp, bp->b_vp));
1666 	KASSERT((bp->b_flags & (B_DELWRI | B_NOREUSE)) == 0,
1667 	    ("invalid buffer %p flags %#x", bp, bp->b_flags));
1668 	KASSERT((bp->b_xflags & (BX_VNCLEAN|BX_VNDIRTY)) == 0,
1669 	    ("bp: %p still on a buffer list. xflags %X", bp, bp->b_xflags));
1670 	KASSERT(bp->b_npages == 0,
1671 	    ("bp: %p still has %d vm pages\n", bp, bp->b_npages));
1672 	KASSERT(bp->b_kvasize == 0, ("bp: %p still has kva\n", bp));
1673 	KASSERT(bp->b_bufsize == 0, ("bp: %p still has bufspace\n", bp));
1674 
1675 	bp->b_domain = BD_DOMAIN(bd);
1676 	bp->b_flags = 0;
1677 	bp->b_ioflags = 0;
1678 	bp->b_xflags = 0;
1679 	bp->b_vflags = 0;
1680 	bp->b_vp = NULL;
1681 	bp->b_blkno = bp->b_lblkno = 0;
1682 	bp->b_offset = NOOFFSET;
1683 	bp->b_iodone = 0;
1684 	bp->b_error = 0;
1685 	bp->b_resid = 0;
1686 	bp->b_bcount = 0;
1687 	bp->b_npages = 0;
1688 	bp->b_dirtyoff = bp->b_dirtyend = 0;
1689 	bp->b_bufobj = NULL;
1690 	bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase = unmapped_buf;
1691 	bp->b_fsprivate1 = NULL;
1692 	bp->b_fsprivate2 = NULL;
1693 	bp->b_fsprivate3 = NULL;
1694 	LIST_INIT(&bp->b_dep);
1695 
1696 	return (bp);
1697 }
1698 
1699 /*
1700  *	buf_recycle:
1701  *
1702  *	Free a buffer from the given bufqueue.  kva controls whether the
1703  *	freed buf must own some kva resources.  This is used for
1704  *	defragmenting.
1705  */
1706 static int
1707 buf_recycle(struct bufdomain *bd, bool kva)
1708 {
1709 	struct bufqueue *bq;
1710 	struct buf *bp, *nbp;
1711 
1712 	if (kva)
1713 		counter_u64_add(bufdefragcnt, 1);
1714 	nbp = NULL;
1715 	bq = bd->bd_cleanq;
1716 	BQ_LOCK(bq);
1717 	KASSERT(BQ_LOCKPTR(bq) == BD_LOCKPTR(bd),
1718 	    ("buf_recycle: Locks don't match"));
1719 	nbp = TAILQ_FIRST(&bq->bq_queue);
1720 
1721 	/*
1722 	 * Run scan, possibly freeing data and/or kva mappings on the fly
1723 	 * depending.
1724 	 */
1725 	while ((bp = nbp) != NULL) {
1726 		/*
1727 		 * Calculate next bp (we can only use it if we do not
1728 		 * release the bqlock).
1729 		 */
1730 		nbp = TAILQ_NEXT(bp, b_freelist);
1731 
1732 		/*
1733 		 * If we are defragging then we need a buffer with
1734 		 * some kva to reclaim.
1735 		 */
1736 		if (kva && bp->b_kvasize == 0)
1737 			continue;
1738 
1739 		if (BUF_LOCK(bp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL) != 0)
1740 			continue;
1741 
1742 		/*
1743 		 * Implement a second chance algorithm for frequently
1744 		 * accessed buffers.
1745 		 */
1746 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_REUSE) != 0) {
1747 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1748 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1749 			bp->b_flags &= ~B_REUSE;
1750 			BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
1751 			continue;
1752 		}
1753 
1754 		/*
1755 		 * Skip buffers with background writes in progress.
1756 		 */
1757 		if ((bp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDINPROG) != 0) {
1758 			BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
1759 			continue;
1760 		}
1761 
1762 		KASSERT(bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_CLEAN,
1763 		    ("buf_recycle: inconsistent queue %d bp %p",
1764 		    bp->b_qindex, bp));
1765 		KASSERT(bp->b_domain == BD_DOMAIN(bd),
1766 		    ("getnewbuf: queue domain %d doesn't match request %d",
1767 		    bp->b_domain, (int)BD_DOMAIN(bd)));
1768 		/*
1769 		 * NOTE:  nbp is now entirely invalid.  We can only restart
1770 		 * the scan from this point on.
1771 		 */
1772 		bq_remove(bq, bp);
1773 		BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1774 
1775 		/*
1776 		 * Requeue the background write buffer with error and
1777 		 * restart the scan.
1778 		 */
1779 		if ((bp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDERR) != 0) {
1780 			bqrelse(bp);
1781 			BQ_LOCK(bq);
1782 			nbp = TAILQ_FIRST(&bq->bq_queue);
1783 			continue;
1784 		}
1785 		bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
1786 		brelse(bp);
1787 		return (0);
1788 	}
1789 	bd->bd_wanted = 1;
1790 	BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1791 
1792 	return (ENOBUFS);
1793 }
1794 
1795 /*
1796  *	bremfree:
1797  *
1798  *	Mark the buffer for removal from the appropriate free list.
1799  *
1800  */
1801 void
1802 bremfree(struct buf *bp)
1803 {
1804 
1805 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bremfree(%p) vp %p flags %X", bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
1806 	KASSERT((bp->b_flags & B_REMFREE) == 0,
1807 	    ("bremfree: buffer %p already marked for delayed removal.", bp));
1808 	KASSERT(bp->b_qindex != QUEUE_NONE,
1809 	    ("bremfree: buffer %p not on a queue.", bp));
1810 	BUF_ASSERT_XLOCKED(bp);
1811 
1812 	bp->b_flags |= B_REMFREE;
1813 }
1814 
1815 /*
1816  *	bremfreef:
1817  *
1818  *	Force an immediate removal from a free list.  Used only in nfs when
1819  *	it abuses the b_freelist pointer.
1820  */
1821 void
1822 bremfreef(struct buf *bp)
1823 {
1824 	struct bufqueue *bq;
1825 
1826 	bq = bufqueue_acquire(bp);
1827 	bq_remove(bq, bp);
1828 	BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1829 }
1830 
1831 static void
1832 bq_init(struct bufqueue *bq, int qindex, int subqueue, const char *lockname)
1833 {
1834 
1835 	mtx_init(&bq->bq_lock, lockname, NULL, MTX_DEF);
1836 	TAILQ_INIT(&bq->bq_queue);
1837 	bq->bq_len = 0;
1838 	bq->bq_index = qindex;
1839 	bq->bq_subqueue = subqueue;
1840 }
1841 
1842 static void
1843 bd_init(struct bufdomain *bd)
1844 {
1845 	int i;
1846 
1847 	bd->bd_cleanq = &bd->bd_subq[mp_maxid + 1];
1848 	bq_init(bd->bd_cleanq, QUEUE_CLEAN, mp_maxid + 1, "bufq clean lock");
1849 	bq_init(&bd->bd_dirtyq, QUEUE_DIRTY, -1, "bufq dirty lock");
1850 	for (i = 0; i <= mp_maxid; i++)
1851 		bq_init(&bd->bd_subq[i], QUEUE_CLEAN, i,
1852 		    "bufq clean subqueue lock");
1853 	mtx_init(&bd->bd_run_lock, "bufspace daemon run lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
1854 }
1855 
1856 /*
1857  *	bq_remove:
1858  *
1859  *	Removes a buffer from the free list, must be called with the
1860  *	correct qlock held.
1861  */
1862 static void
1863 bq_remove(struct bufqueue *bq, struct buf *bp)
1864 {
1865 
1866 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bq_remove(%p) vp %p flags %X",
1867 	    bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
1868 	KASSERT(bp->b_qindex != QUEUE_NONE,
1869 	    ("bq_remove: buffer %p not on a queue.", bp));
1870 	KASSERT(bufqueue(bp) == bq,
1871 	    ("bq_remove: Remove buffer %p from wrong queue.", bp));
1872 
1873 	BQ_ASSERT_LOCKED(bq);
1874 	if (bp->b_qindex != QUEUE_EMPTY) {
1875 		BUF_ASSERT_XLOCKED(bp);
1876 	}
1877 	KASSERT(bq->bq_len >= 1,
1878 	    ("queue %d underflow", bp->b_qindex));
1879 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1880 	bq->bq_len--;
1881 	bp->b_qindex = QUEUE_NONE;
1882 	bp->b_flags &= ~(B_REMFREE | B_REUSE);
1883 }
1884 
1885 static void
1886 bd_flush(struct bufdomain *bd, struct bufqueue *bq)
1887 {
1888 	struct buf *bp;
1889 
1890 	BQ_ASSERT_LOCKED(bq);
1891 	if (bq != bd->bd_cleanq) {
1892 		BD_LOCK(bd);
1893 		while ((bp = TAILQ_FIRST(&bq->bq_queue)) != NULL) {
1894 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1895 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bd->bd_cleanq->bq_queue, bp,
1896 			    b_freelist);
1897 			bp->b_subqueue = bd->bd_cleanq->bq_subqueue;
1898 		}
1899 		bd->bd_cleanq->bq_len += bq->bq_len;
1900 		bq->bq_len = 0;
1901 	}
1902 	if (bd->bd_wanted) {
1903 		bd->bd_wanted = 0;
1904 		wakeup(&bd->bd_wanted);
1905 	}
1906 	if (bq != bd->bd_cleanq)
1907 		BD_UNLOCK(bd);
1908 }
1909 
1910 static int
1911 bd_flushall(struct bufdomain *bd)
1912 {
1913 	struct bufqueue *bq;
1914 	int flushed;
1915 	int i;
1916 
1917 	if (bd->bd_lim == 0)
1918 		return (0);
1919 	flushed = 0;
1920 	for (i = 0; i <= mp_maxid; i++) {
1921 		bq = &bd->bd_subq[i];
1922 		if (bq->bq_len == 0)
1923 			continue;
1924 		BQ_LOCK(bq);
1925 		bd_flush(bd, bq);
1926 		BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1927 		flushed++;
1928 	}
1929 
1930 	return (flushed);
1931 }
1932 
1933 static void
1934 bq_insert(struct bufqueue *bq, struct buf *bp, bool unlock)
1935 {
1936 	struct bufdomain *bd;
1937 
1938 	if (bp->b_qindex != QUEUE_NONE)
1939 		panic("bq_insert: free buffer %p onto another queue?", bp);
1940 
1941 	bd = bufdomain(bp);
1942 	if (bp->b_flags & B_AGE) {
1943 		/* Place this buf directly on the real queue. */
1944 		if (bq->bq_index == QUEUE_CLEAN)
1945 			bq = bd->bd_cleanq;
1946 		BQ_LOCK(bq);
1947 		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1948 	} else {
1949 		BQ_LOCK(bq);
1950 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bq->bq_queue, bp, b_freelist);
1951 	}
1952 	bp->b_flags &= ~(B_AGE | B_REUSE);
1953 	bq->bq_len++;
1954 	bp->b_qindex = bq->bq_index;
1955 	bp->b_subqueue = bq->bq_subqueue;
1956 
1957 	/*
1958 	 * Unlock before we notify so that we don't wakeup a waiter that
1959 	 * fails a trylock on the buf and sleeps again.
1960 	 */
1961 	if (unlock)
1962 		BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
1963 
1964 	if (bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_CLEAN) {
1965 		/*
1966 		 * Flush the per-cpu queue and notify any waiters.
1967 		 */
1968 		if (bd->bd_wanted || (bq != bd->bd_cleanq &&
1969 		    bq->bq_len >= bd->bd_lim))
1970 			bd_flush(bd, bq);
1971 	}
1972 	BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
1973 }
1974 
1975 /*
1976  *	bufkva_free:
1977  *
1978  *	Free the kva allocation for a buffer.
1979  *
1980  */
1981 static void
1982 bufkva_free(struct buf *bp)
1983 {
1984 
1985 #ifdef INVARIANTS
1986 	if (bp->b_kvasize == 0) {
1987 		KASSERT(bp->b_kvabase == unmapped_buf &&
1988 		    bp->b_data == unmapped_buf,
1989 		    ("Leaked KVA space on %p", bp));
1990 	} else if (buf_mapped(bp))
1991 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
1992 	else
1993 		BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
1994 #endif
1995 	if (bp->b_kvasize == 0)
1996 		return;
1997 
1998 	vmem_free(buffer_arena, (vm_offset_t)bp->b_kvabase, bp->b_kvasize);
1999 	counter_u64_add(bufkvaspace, -bp->b_kvasize);
2000 	counter_u64_add(buffreekvacnt, 1);
2001 	bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase = unmapped_buf;
2002 	bp->b_kvasize = 0;
2003 }
2004 
2005 /*
2006  *	bufkva_alloc:
2007  *
2008  *	Allocate the buffer KVA and set b_kvasize and b_kvabase.
2009  */
2010 static int
2011 bufkva_alloc(struct buf *bp, int maxsize, int gbflags)
2012 {
2013 	vm_offset_t addr;
2014 	int error;
2015 
2016 	KASSERT((gbflags & GB_UNMAPPED) == 0 || (gbflags & GB_KVAALLOC) != 0,
2017 	    ("Invalid gbflags 0x%x in %s", gbflags, __func__));
2018 
2019 	bufkva_free(bp);
2020 
2021 	addr = 0;
2022 	error = vmem_alloc(buffer_arena, maxsize, M_BESTFIT | M_NOWAIT, &addr);
2023 	if (error != 0) {
2024 		/*
2025 		 * Buffer map is too fragmented.  Request the caller
2026 		 * to defragment the map.
2027 		 */
2028 		return (error);
2029 	}
2030 	bp->b_kvabase = (caddr_t)addr;
2031 	bp->b_kvasize = maxsize;
2032 	counter_u64_add(bufkvaspace, bp->b_kvasize);
2033 	if ((gbflags & GB_UNMAPPED) != 0) {
2034 		bp->b_data = unmapped_buf;
2035 		BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
2036 	} else {
2037 		bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase;
2038 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
2039 	}
2040 	return (0);
2041 }
2042 
2043 /*
2044  *	bufkva_reclaim:
2045  *
2046  *	Reclaim buffer kva by freeing buffers holding kva.  This is a vmem
2047  *	callback that fires to avoid returning failure.
2048  */
2049 static void
2050 bufkva_reclaim(vmem_t *vmem, int flags)
2051 {
2052 	bool done;
2053 	int q;
2054 	int i;
2055 
2056 	done = false;
2057 	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
2058 		for (q = 0; q < buf_domains; q++)
2059 			if (buf_recycle(&bdomain[q], true) != 0)
2060 				done = true;
2061 		if (done)
2062 			break;
2063 	}
2064 	return;
2065 }
2066 
2067 /*
2068  * Attempt to initiate asynchronous I/O on read-ahead blocks.  We must
2069  * clear BIO_ERROR and B_INVAL prior to initiating I/O . If B_CACHE is set,
2070  * the buffer is valid and we do not have to do anything.
2071  */
2072 static void
2073 breada(struct vnode * vp, daddr_t * rablkno, int * rabsize, int cnt,
2074     struct ucred * cred, int flags, void (*ckhashfunc)(struct buf *))
2075 {
2076 	struct buf *rabp;
2077 	struct thread *td;
2078 	int i;
2079 
2080 	td = curthread;
2081 
2082 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++, rablkno++, rabsize++) {
2083 		if (inmem(vp, *rablkno))
2084 			continue;
2085 		rabp = getblk(vp, *rablkno, *rabsize, 0, 0, 0);
2086 		if ((rabp->b_flags & B_CACHE) != 0) {
2087 			brelse(rabp);
2088 			continue;
2089 		}
2090 #ifdef RACCT
2091 		if (racct_enable) {
2092 			PROC_LOCK(curproc);
2093 			racct_add_buf(curproc, rabp, 0);
2094 			PROC_UNLOCK(curproc);
2095 		}
2096 #endif /* RACCT */
2097 		td->td_ru.ru_inblock++;
2098 		rabp->b_flags |= B_ASYNC;
2099 		rabp->b_flags &= ~B_INVAL;
2100 		if ((flags & GB_CKHASH) != 0) {
2101 			rabp->b_flags |= B_CKHASH;
2102 			rabp->b_ckhashcalc = ckhashfunc;
2103 		}
2104 		rabp->b_ioflags &= ~BIO_ERROR;
2105 		rabp->b_iocmd = BIO_READ;
2106 		if (rabp->b_rcred == NOCRED && cred != NOCRED)
2107 			rabp->b_rcred = crhold(cred);
2108 		vfs_busy_pages(rabp, 0);
2109 		BUF_KERNPROC(rabp);
2110 		rabp->b_iooffset = dbtob(rabp->b_blkno);
2111 		bstrategy(rabp);
2112 	}
2113 }
2114 
2115 /*
2116  * Entry point for bread() and breadn() via #defines in sys/buf.h.
2117  *
2118  * Get a buffer with the specified data.  Look in the cache first.  We
2119  * must clear BIO_ERROR and B_INVAL prior to initiating I/O.  If B_CACHE
2120  * is set, the buffer is valid and we do not have to do anything, see
2121  * getblk(). Also starts asynchronous I/O on read-ahead blocks.
2122  *
2123  * Always return a NULL buffer pointer (in bpp) when returning an error.
2124  */
2125 int
2126 breadn_flags(struct vnode *vp, daddr_t blkno, int size, daddr_t *rablkno,
2127     int *rabsize, int cnt, struct ucred *cred, int flags,
2128     void (*ckhashfunc)(struct buf *), struct buf **bpp)
2129 {
2130 	struct buf *bp;
2131 	struct thread *td;
2132 	int error, readwait, rv;
2133 
2134 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "breadn(%p, %jd, %d)", vp, blkno, size);
2135 	td = curthread;
2136 	/*
2137 	 * Can only return NULL if GB_LOCK_NOWAIT or GB_SPARSE flags
2138 	 * are specified.
2139 	 */
2140 	error = getblkx(vp, blkno, size, 0, 0, flags, &bp);
2141 	if (error != 0) {
2142 		*bpp = NULL;
2143 		return (error);
2144 	}
2145 	flags &= ~GB_NOSPARSE;
2146 	*bpp = bp;
2147 
2148 	/*
2149 	 * If not found in cache, do some I/O
2150 	 */
2151 	readwait = 0;
2152 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_CACHE) == 0) {
2153 #ifdef RACCT
2154 		if (racct_enable) {
2155 			PROC_LOCK(td->td_proc);
2156 			racct_add_buf(td->td_proc, bp, 0);
2157 			PROC_UNLOCK(td->td_proc);
2158 		}
2159 #endif /* RACCT */
2160 		td->td_ru.ru_inblock++;
2161 		bp->b_iocmd = BIO_READ;
2162 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_INVAL;
2163 		if ((flags & GB_CKHASH) != 0) {
2164 			bp->b_flags |= B_CKHASH;
2165 			bp->b_ckhashcalc = ckhashfunc;
2166 		}
2167 		bp->b_ioflags &= ~BIO_ERROR;
2168 		if (bp->b_rcred == NOCRED && cred != NOCRED)
2169 			bp->b_rcred = crhold(cred);
2170 		vfs_busy_pages(bp, 0);
2171 		bp->b_iooffset = dbtob(bp->b_blkno);
2172 		bstrategy(bp);
2173 		++readwait;
2174 	}
2175 
2176 	/*
2177 	 * Attempt to initiate asynchronous I/O on read-ahead blocks.
2178 	 */
2179 	breada(vp, rablkno, rabsize, cnt, cred, flags, ckhashfunc);
2180 
2181 	rv = 0;
2182 	if (readwait) {
2183 		rv = bufwait(bp);
2184 		if (rv != 0) {
2185 			brelse(bp);
2186 			*bpp = NULL;
2187 		}
2188 	}
2189 	return (rv);
2190 }
2191 
2192 /*
2193  * Write, release buffer on completion.  (Done by iodone
2194  * if async).  Do not bother writing anything if the buffer
2195  * is invalid.
2196  *
2197  * Note that we set B_CACHE here, indicating that buffer is
2198  * fully valid and thus cacheable.  This is true even of NFS
2199  * now so we set it generally.  This could be set either here
2200  * or in biodone() since the I/O is synchronous.  We put it
2201  * here.
2202  */
2203 int
2204 bufwrite(struct buf *bp)
2205 {
2206 	int oldflags;
2207 	struct vnode *vp;
2208 	long space;
2209 	int vp_md;
2210 
2211 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bufwrite(%p) vp %p flags %X", bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
2212 	if ((bp->b_bufobj->bo_flag & BO_DEAD) != 0) {
2213 		bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL | B_RELBUF;
2214 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_CACHE;
2215 		brelse(bp);
2216 		return (ENXIO);
2217 	}
2218 	if (bp->b_flags & B_INVAL) {
2219 		brelse(bp);
2220 		return (0);
2221 	}
2222 
2223 	if (bp->b_flags & B_BARRIER)
2224 		atomic_add_long(&barrierwrites, 1);
2225 
2226 	oldflags = bp->b_flags;
2227 
2228 	KASSERT(!(bp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDINPROG),
2229 	    ("FFS background buffer should not get here %p", bp));
2230 
2231 	vp = bp->b_vp;
2232 	if (vp)
2233 		vp_md = vp->v_vflag & VV_MD;
2234 	else
2235 		vp_md = 0;
2236 
2237 	/*
2238 	 * Mark the buffer clean.  Increment the bufobj write count
2239 	 * before bundirty() call, to prevent other thread from seeing
2240 	 * empty dirty list and zero counter for writes in progress,
2241 	 * falsely indicating that the bufobj is clean.
2242 	 */
2243 	bufobj_wref(bp->b_bufobj);
2244 	bundirty(bp);
2245 
2246 	bp->b_flags &= ~B_DONE;
2247 	bp->b_ioflags &= ~BIO_ERROR;
2248 	bp->b_flags |= B_CACHE;
2249 	bp->b_iocmd = BIO_WRITE;
2250 
2251 	vfs_busy_pages(bp, 1);
2252 
2253 	/*
2254 	 * Normal bwrites pipeline writes
2255 	 */
2256 	bp->b_runningbufspace = bp->b_bufsize;
2257 	space = atomic_fetchadd_long(&runningbufspace, bp->b_runningbufspace);
2258 
2259 #ifdef RACCT
2260 	if (racct_enable) {
2261 		PROC_LOCK(curproc);
2262 		racct_add_buf(curproc, bp, 1);
2263 		PROC_UNLOCK(curproc);
2264 	}
2265 #endif /* RACCT */
2266 	curthread->td_ru.ru_oublock++;
2267 	if (oldflags & B_ASYNC)
2268 		BUF_KERNPROC(bp);
2269 	bp->b_iooffset = dbtob(bp->b_blkno);
2270 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
2271 	bstrategy(bp);
2272 
2273 	if ((oldflags & B_ASYNC) == 0) {
2274 		int rtval = bufwait(bp);
2275 		brelse(bp);
2276 		return (rtval);
2277 	} else if (space > hirunningspace) {
2278 		/*
2279 		 * don't allow the async write to saturate the I/O
2280 		 * system.  We will not deadlock here because
2281 		 * we are blocking waiting for I/O that is already in-progress
2282 		 * to complete. We do not block here if it is the update
2283 		 * or syncer daemon trying to clean up as that can lead
2284 		 * to deadlock.
2285 		 */
2286 		if ((curthread->td_pflags & TDP_NORUNNINGBUF) == 0 && !vp_md)
2287 			waitrunningbufspace();
2288 	}
2289 
2290 	return (0);
2291 }
2292 
2293 void
2294 bufbdflush(struct bufobj *bo, struct buf *bp)
2295 {
2296 	struct buf *nbp;
2297 
2298 	if (bo->bo_dirty.bv_cnt > dirtybufthresh + 10) {
2299 		(void) VOP_FSYNC(bp->b_vp, MNT_NOWAIT, curthread);
2300 		altbufferflushes++;
2301 	} else if (bo->bo_dirty.bv_cnt > dirtybufthresh) {
2302 		BO_LOCK(bo);
2303 		/*
2304 		 * Try to find a buffer to flush.
2305 		 */
2306 		TAILQ_FOREACH(nbp, &bo->bo_dirty.bv_hd, b_bobufs) {
2307 			if ((nbp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDINPROG) ||
2308 			    BUF_LOCK(nbp,
2309 				     LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL))
2310 				continue;
2311 			if (bp == nbp)
2312 				panic("bdwrite: found ourselves");
2313 			BO_UNLOCK(bo);
2314 			/* Don't countdeps with the bo lock held. */
2315 			if (buf_countdeps(nbp, 0)) {
2316 				BO_LOCK(bo);
2317 				BUF_UNLOCK(nbp);
2318 				continue;
2319 			}
2320 			if (nbp->b_flags & B_CLUSTEROK) {
2321 				vfs_bio_awrite(nbp);
2322 			} else {
2323 				bremfree(nbp);
2324 				bawrite(nbp);
2325 			}
2326 			dirtybufferflushes++;
2327 			break;
2328 		}
2329 		if (nbp == NULL)
2330 			BO_UNLOCK(bo);
2331 	}
2332 }
2333 
2334 /*
2335  * Delayed write. (Buffer is marked dirty).  Do not bother writing
2336  * anything if the buffer is marked invalid.
2337  *
2338  * Note that since the buffer must be completely valid, we can safely
2339  * set B_CACHE.  In fact, we have to set B_CACHE here rather then in
2340  * biodone() in order to prevent getblk from writing the buffer
2341  * out synchronously.
2342  */
2343 void
2344 bdwrite(struct buf *bp)
2345 {
2346 	struct thread *td = curthread;
2347 	struct vnode *vp;
2348 	struct bufobj *bo;
2349 
2350 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bdwrite(%p) vp %p flags %X", bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
2351 	KASSERT(bp->b_bufobj != NULL, ("No b_bufobj %p", bp));
2352 	KASSERT((bp->b_flags & B_BARRIER) == 0,
2353 	    ("Barrier request in delayed write %p", bp));
2354 
2355 	if (bp->b_flags & B_INVAL) {
2356 		brelse(bp);
2357 		return;
2358 	}
2359 
2360 	/*
2361 	 * If we have too many dirty buffers, don't create any more.
2362 	 * If we are wildly over our limit, then force a complete
2363 	 * cleanup. Otherwise, just keep the situation from getting
2364 	 * out of control. Note that we have to avoid a recursive
2365 	 * disaster and not try to clean up after our own cleanup!
2366 	 */
2367 	vp = bp->b_vp;
2368 	bo = bp->b_bufobj;
2369 	if ((td->td_pflags & (TDP_COWINPROGRESS|TDP_INBDFLUSH)) == 0) {
2370 		td->td_pflags |= TDP_INBDFLUSH;
2371 		BO_BDFLUSH(bo, bp);
2372 		td->td_pflags &= ~TDP_INBDFLUSH;
2373 	} else
2374 		recursiveflushes++;
2375 
2376 	bdirty(bp);
2377 	/*
2378 	 * Set B_CACHE, indicating that the buffer is fully valid.  This is
2379 	 * true even of NFS now.
2380 	 */
2381 	bp->b_flags |= B_CACHE;
2382 
2383 	/*
2384 	 * This bmap keeps the system from needing to do the bmap later,
2385 	 * perhaps when the system is attempting to do a sync.  Since it
2386 	 * is likely that the indirect block -- or whatever other datastructure
2387 	 * that the filesystem needs is still in memory now, it is a good
2388 	 * thing to do this.  Note also, that if the pageout daemon is
2389 	 * requesting a sync -- there might not be enough memory to do
2390 	 * the bmap then...  So, this is important to do.
2391 	 */
2392 	if (vp->v_type != VCHR && bp->b_lblkno == bp->b_blkno) {
2393 		VOP_BMAP(vp, bp->b_lblkno, NULL, &bp->b_blkno, NULL, NULL);
2394 	}
2395 
2396 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
2397 
2398 	/*
2399 	 * Set the *dirty* buffer range based upon the VM system dirty
2400 	 * pages.
2401 	 *
2402 	 * Mark the buffer pages as clean.  We need to do this here to
2403 	 * satisfy the vnode_pager and the pageout daemon, so that it
2404 	 * thinks that the pages have been "cleaned".  Note that since
2405 	 * the pages are in a delayed write buffer -- the VFS layer
2406 	 * "will" see that the pages get written out on the next sync,
2407 	 * or perhaps the cluster will be completed.
2408 	 */
2409 	vfs_clean_pages_dirty_buf(bp);
2410 	bqrelse(bp);
2411 
2412 	/*
2413 	 * note: we cannot initiate I/O from a bdwrite even if we wanted to,
2414 	 * due to the softdep code.
2415 	 */
2416 }
2417 
2418 /*
2419  *	bdirty:
2420  *
2421  *	Turn buffer into delayed write request.  We must clear BIO_READ and
2422  *	B_RELBUF, and we must set B_DELWRI.  We reassign the buffer to
2423  *	itself to properly update it in the dirty/clean lists.  We mark it
2424  *	B_DONE to ensure that any asynchronization of the buffer properly
2425  *	clears B_DONE ( else a panic will occur later ).
2426  *
2427  *	bdirty() is kinda like bdwrite() - we have to clear B_INVAL which
2428  *	might have been set pre-getblk().  Unlike bwrite/bdwrite, bdirty()
2429  *	should only be called if the buffer is known-good.
2430  *
2431  *	Since the buffer is not on a queue, we do not update the numfreebuffers
2432  *	count.
2433  *
2434  *	The buffer must be on QUEUE_NONE.
2435  */
2436 void
2437 bdirty(struct buf *bp)
2438 {
2439 
2440 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bdirty(%p) vp %p flags %X",
2441 	    bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
2442 	KASSERT(bp->b_bufobj != NULL, ("No b_bufobj %p", bp));
2443 	KASSERT(bp->b_flags & B_REMFREE || bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_NONE,
2444 	    ("bdirty: buffer %p still on queue %d", bp, bp->b_qindex));
2445 	bp->b_flags &= ~(B_RELBUF);
2446 	bp->b_iocmd = BIO_WRITE;
2447 
2448 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0) {
2449 		bp->b_flags |= /* XXX B_DONE | */ B_DELWRI;
2450 		reassignbuf(bp);
2451 		bdirtyadd(bp);
2452 	}
2453 }
2454 
2455 /*
2456  *	bundirty:
2457  *
2458  *	Clear B_DELWRI for buffer.
2459  *
2460  *	Since the buffer is not on a queue, we do not update the numfreebuffers
2461  *	count.
2462  *
2463  *	The buffer must be on QUEUE_NONE.
2464  */
2465 
2466 void
2467 bundirty(struct buf *bp)
2468 {
2469 
2470 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bundirty(%p) vp %p flags %X", bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
2471 	KASSERT(bp->b_bufobj != NULL, ("No b_bufobj %p", bp));
2472 	KASSERT(bp->b_flags & B_REMFREE || bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_NONE,
2473 	    ("bundirty: buffer %p still on queue %d", bp, bp->b_qindex));
2474 
2475 	if (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) {
2476 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_DELWRI;
2477 		reassignbuf(bp);
2478 		bdirtysub(bp);
2479 	}
2480 	/*
2481 	 * Since it is now being written, we can clear its deferred write flag.
2482 	 */
2483 	bp->b_flags &= ~B_DEFERRED;
2484 }
2485 
2486 /*
2487  *	bawrite:
2488  *
2489  *	Asynchronous write.  Start output on a buffer, but do not wait for
2490  *	it to complete.  The buffer is released when the output completes.
2491  *
2492  *	bwrite() ( or the VOP routine anyway ) is responsible for handling
2493  *	B_INVAL buffers.  Not us.
2494  */
2495 void
2496 bawrite(struct buf *bp)
2497 {
2498 
2499 	bp->b_flags |= B_ASYNC;
2500 	(void) bwrite(bp);
2501 }
2502 
2503 /*
2504  *	babarrierwrite:
2505  *
2506  *	Asynchronous barrier write.  Start output on a buffer, but do not
2507  *	wait for it to complete.  Place a write barrier after this write so
2508  *	that this buffer and all buffers written before it are committed to
2509  *	the disk before any buffers written after this write are committed
2510  *	to the disk.  The buffer is released when the output completes.
2511  */
2512 void
2513 babarrierwrite(struct buf *bp)
2514 {
2515 
2516 	bp->b_flags |= B_ASYNC | B_BARRIER;
2517 	(void) bwrite(bp);
2518 }
2519 
2520 /*
2521  *	bbarrierwrite:
2522  *
2523  *	Synchronous barrier write.  Start output on a buffer and wait for
2524  *	it to complete.  Place a write barrier after this write so that
2525  *	this buffer and all buffers written before it are committed to
2526  *	the disk before any buffers written after this write are committed
2527  *	to the disk.  The buffer is released when the output completes.
2528  */
2529 int
2530 bbarrierwrite(struct buf *bp)
2531 {
2532 
2533 	bp->b_flags |= B_BARRIER;
2534 	return (bwrite(bp));
2535 }
2536 
2537 /*
2538  *	bwillwrite:
2539  *
2540  *	Called prior to the locking of any vnodes when we are expecting to
2541  *	write.  We do not want to starve the buffer cache with too many
2542  *	dirty buffers so we block here.  By blocking prior to the locking
2543  *	of any vnodes we attempt to avoid the situation where a locked vnode
2544  *	prevents the various system daemons from flushing related buffers.
2545  */
2546 void
2547 bwillwrite(void)
2548 {
2549 
2550 	if (buf_dirty_count_severe()) {
2551 		mtx_lock(&bdirtylock);
2552 		while (buf_dirty_count_severe()) {
2553 			bdirtywait = 1;
2554 			msleep(&bdirtywait, &bdirtylock, (PRIBIO + 4),
2555 			    "flswai", 0);
2556 		}
2557 		mtx_unlock(&bdirtylock);
2558 	}
2559 }
2560 
2561 /*
2562  * Return true if we have too many dirty buffers.
2563  */
2564 int
2565 buf_dirty_count_severe(void)
2566 {
2567 
2568 	return (!BIT_EMPTY(BUF_DOMAINS, &bdhidirty));
2569 }
2570 
2571 /*
2572  *	brelse:
2573  *
2574  *	Release a busy buffer and, if requested, free its resources.  The
2575  *	buffer will be stashed in the appropriate bufqueue[] allowing it
2576  *	to be accessed later as a cache entity or reused for other purposes.
2577  */
2578 void
2579 brelse(struct buf *bp)
2580 {
2581 	struct mount *v_mnt;
2582 	int qindex;
2583 
2584 	/*
2585 	 * Many functions erroneously call brelse with a NULL bp under rare
2586 	 * error conditions. Simply return when called with a NULL bp.
2587 	 */
2588 	if (bp == NULL)
2589 		return;
2590 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "brelse(%p) vp %p flags %X",
2591 	    bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
2592 	KASSERT(!(bp->b_flags & (B_CLUSTER|B_PAGING)),
2593 	    ("brelse: inappropriate B_PAGING or B_CLUSTER bp %p", bp));
2594 	KASSERT((bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) != 0 || (bp->b_flags & B_NOREUSE) == 0,
2595 	    ("brelse: non-VMIO buffer marked NOREUSE"));
2596 
2597 	if (BUF_LOCKRECURSED(bp)) {
2598 		/*
2599 		 * Do not process, in particular, do not handle the
2600 		 * B_INVAL/B_RELBUF and do not release to free list.
2601 		 */
2602 		BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
2603 		return;
2604 	}
2605 
2606 	if (bp->b_flags & B_MANAGED) {
2607 		bqrelse(bp);
2608 		return;
2609 	}
2610 
2611 	if ((bp->b_vflags & (BV_BKGRDINPROG | BV_BKGRDERR)) == BV_BKGRDERR) {
2612 		BO_LOCK(bp->b_bufobj);
2613 		bp->b_vflags &= ~BV_BKGRDERR;
2614 		BO_UNLOCK(bp->b_bufobj);
2615 		bdirty(bp);
2616 	}
2617 	if (bp->b_iocmd == BIO_WRITE && (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR) &&
2618 	    (bp->b_error != ENXIO || !LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep)) &&
2619 	    !(bp->b_flags & B_INVAL)) {
2620 		/*
2621 		 * Failed write, redirty.  All errors except ENXIO (which
2622 		 * means the device is gone) are treated as being
2623 		 * transient.
2624 		 *
2625 		 * XXX Treating EIO as transient is not correct; the
2626 		 * contract with the local storage device drivers is that
2627 		 * they will only return EIO once the I/O is no longer
2628 		 * retriable.  Network I/O also respects this through the
2629 		 * guarantees of TCP and/or the internal retries of NFS.
2630 		 * ENOMEM might be transient, but we also have no way of
2631 		 * knowing when its ok to retry/reschedule.  In general,
2632 		 * this entire case should be made obsolete through better
2633 		 * error handling/recovery and resource scheduling.
2634 		 *
2635 		 * Do this also for buffers that failed with ENXIO, but have
2636 		 * non-empty dependencies - the soft updates code might need
2637 		 * to access the buffer to untangle them.
2638 		 *
2639 		 * Must clear BIO_ERROR to prevent pages from being scrapped.
2640 		 */
2641 		bp->b_ioflags &= ~BIO_ERROR;
2642 		bdirty(bp);
2643 	} else if ((bp->b_flags & (B_NOCACHE | B_INVAL)) ||
2644 	    (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR) || (bp->b_bufsize <= 0)) {
2645 		/*
2646 		 * Either a failed read I/O, or we were asked to free or not
2647 		 * cache the buffer, or we failed to write to a device that's
2648 		 * no longer present.
2649 		 */
2650 		bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
2651 		if (!LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep))
2652 			buf_deallocate(bp);
2653 		if (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI)
2654 			bdirtysub(bp);
2655 		bp->b_flags &= ~(B_DELWRI | B_CACHE);
2656 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) == 0) {
2657 			allocbuf(bp, 0);
2658 			if (bp->b_vp)
2659 				brelvp(bp);
2660 		}
2661 	}
2662 
2663 	/*
2664 	 * We must clear B_RELBUF if B_DELWRI is set.  If vfs_vmio_truncate()
2665 	 * is called with B_DELWRI set, the underlying pages may wind up
2666 	 * getting freed causing a previous write (bdwrite()) to get 'lost'
2667 	 * because pages associated with a B_DELWRI bp are marked clean.
2668 	 *
2669 	 * We still allow the B_INVAL case to call vfs_vmio_truncate(), even
2670 	 * if B_DELWRI is set.
2671 	 */
2672 	if (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI)
2673 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_RELBUF;
2674 
2675 	/*
2676 	 * VMIO buffer rundown.  It is not very necessary to keep a VMIO buffer
2677 	 * constituted, not even NFS buffers now.  Two flags effect this.  If
2678 	 * B_INVAL, the struct buf is invalidated but the VM object is kept
2679 	 * around ( i.e. so it is trivial to reconstitute the buffer later ).
2680 	 *
2681 	 * If BIO_ERROR or B_NOCACHE is set, pages in the VM object will be
2682 	 * invalidated.  BIO_ERROR cannot be set for a failed write unless the
2683 	 * buffer is also B_INVAL because it hits the re-dirtying code above.
2684 	 *
2685 	 * Normally we can do this whether a buffer is B_DELWRI or not.  If
2686 	 * the buffer is an NFS buffer, it is tracking piecemeal writes or
2687 	 * the commit state and we cannot afford to lose the buffer. If the
2688 	 * buffer has a background write in progress, we need to keep it
2689 	 * around to prevent it from being reconstituted and starting a second
2690 	 * background write.
2691 	 */
2692 
2693 	v_mnt = bp->b_vp != NULL ? bp->b_vp->v_mount : NULL;
2694 
2695 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) && (bp->b_flags & B_NOCACHE ||
2696 	    (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR && bp->b_iocmd == BIO_READ)) &&
2697 	    (v_mnt == NULL || (v_mnt->mnt_vfc->vfc_flags & VFCF_NETWORK) == 0 ||
2698 	    vn_isdisk(bp->b_vp, NULL) || (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0)) {
2699 		vfs_vmio_invalidate(bp);
2700 		allocbuf(bp, 0);
2701 	}
2702 
2703 	if ((bp->b_flags & (B_INVAL | B_RELBUF)) != 0 ||
2704 	    (bp->b_flags & (B_DELWRI | B_NOREUSE)) == B_NOREUSE) {
2705 		allocbuf(bp, 0);
2706 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_NOREUSE;
2707 		if (bp->b_vp != NULL)
2708 			brelvp(bp);
2709 	}
2710 
2711 	/*
2712 	 * If the buffer has junk contents signal it and eventually
2713 	 * clean up B_DELWRI and diassociate the vnode so that gbincore()
2714 	 * doesn't find it.
2715 	 */
2716 	if (bp->b_bufsize == 0 || (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR) != 0 ||
2717 	    (bp->b_flags & (B_INVAL | B_NOCACHE | B_RELBUF)) != 0)
2718 		bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
2719 	if (bp->b_flags & B_INVAL) {
2720 		if (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI)
2721 			bundirty(bp);
2722 		if (bp->b_vp)
2723 			brelvp(bp);
2724 	}
2725 
2726 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
2727 
2728 	/* buffers with no memory */
2729 	if (bp->b_bufsize == 0) {
2730 		buf_free(bp);
2731 		return;
2732 	}
2733 	/* buffers with junk contents */
2734 	if (bp->b_flags & (B_INVAL | B_NOCACHE | B_RELBUF) ||
2735 	    (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR)) {
2736 		bp->b_xflags &= ~(BX_BKGRDWRITE | BX_ALTDATA);
2737 		if (bp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDINPROG)
2738 			panic("losing buffer 2");
2739 		qindex = QUEUE_CLEAN;
2740 		bp->b_flags |= B_AGE;
2741 	/* remaining buffers */
2742 	} else if (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI)
2743 		qindex = QUEUE_DIRTY;
2744 	else
2745 		qindex = QUEUE_CLEAN;
2746 
2747 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0 && (bp->b_xflags & BX_VNDIRTY))
2748 		panic("brelse: not dirty");
2749 
2750 	bp->b_flags &= ~(B_ASYNC | B_NOCACHE | B_RELBUF | B_DIRECT);
2751 	/* binsfree unlocks bp. */
2752 	binsfree(bp, qindex);
2753 }
2754 
2755 /*
2756  * Release a buffer back to the appropriate queue but do not try to free
2757  * it.  The buffer is expected to be used again soon.
2758  *
2759  * bqrelse() is used by bdwrite() to requeue a delayed write, and used by
2760  * biodone() to requeue an async I/O on completion.  It is also used when
2761  * known good buffers need to be requeued but we think we may need the data
2762  * again soon.
2763  *
2764  * XXX we should be able to leave the B_RELBUF hint set on completion.
2765  */
2766 void
2767 bqrelse(struct buf *bp)
2768 {
2769 	int qindex;
2770 
2771 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bqrelse(%p) vp %p flags %X", bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
2772 	KASSERT(!(bp->b_flags & (B_CLUSTER|B_PAGING)),
2773 	    ("bqrelse: inappropriate B_PAGING or B_CLUSTER bp %p", bp));
2774 
2775 	qindex = QUEUE_NONE;
2776 	if (BUF_LOCKRECURSED(bp)) {
2777 		/* do not release to free list */
2778 		BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
2779 		return;
2780 	}
2781 	bp->b_flags &= ~(B_ASYNC | B_NOCACHE | B_AGE | B_RELBUF);
2782 
2783 	if (bp->b_flags & B_MANAGED) {
2784 		if (bp->b_flags & B_REMFREE)
2785 			bremfreef(bp);
2786 		goto out;
2787 	}
2788 
2789 	/* buffers with stale but valid contents */
2790 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) != 0 || (bp->b_vflags & (BV_BKGRDINPROG |
2791 	    BV_BKGRDERR)) == BV_BKGRDERR) {
2792 		BO_LOCK(bp->b_bufobj);
2793 		bp->b_vflags &= ~BV_BKGRDERR;
2794 		BO_UNLOCK(bp->b_bufobj);
2795 		qindex = QUEUE_DIRTY;
2796 	} else {
2797 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0 &&
2798 		    (bp->b_xflags & BX_VNDIRTY))
2799 			panic("bqrelse: not dirty");
2800 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_NOREUSE) != 0) {
2801 			brelse(bp);
2802 			return;
2803 		}
2804 		qindex = QUEUE_CLEAN;
2805 	}
2806 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
2807 	/* binsfree unlocks bp. */
2808 	binsfree(bp, qindex);
2809 	return;
2810 
2811 out:
2812 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
2813 	/* unlock */
2814 	BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
2815 }
2816 
2817 /*
2818  * Complete I/O to a VMIO backed page.  Validate the pages as appropriate,
2819  * restore bogus pages.
2820  */
2821 static void
2822 vfs_vmio_iodone(struct buf *bp)
2823 {
2824 	vm_ooffset_t foff;
2825 	vm_page_t m;
2826 	vm_object_t obj;
2827 	struct vnode *vp __unused;
2828 	int i, iosize, resid;
2829 	bool bogus;
2830 
2831 	obj = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
2832 	KASSERT(obj->paging_in_progress >= bp->b_npages,
2833 	    ("vfs_vmio_iodone: paging in progress(%d) < b_npages(%d)",
2834 	    obj->paging_in_progress, bp->b_npages));
2835 
2836 	vp = bp->b_vp;
2837 	KASSERT(vp->v_holdcnt > 0,
2838 	    ("vfs_vmio_iodone: vnode %p has zero hold count", vp));
2839 	KASSERT(vp->v_object != NULL,
2840 	    ("vfs_vmio_iodone: vnode %p has no vm_object", vp));
2841 
2842 	foff = bp->b_offset;
2843 	KASSERT(bp->b_offset != NOOFFSET,
2844 	    ("vfs_vmio_iodone: bp %p has no buffer offset", bp));
2845 
2846 	bogus = false;
2847 	iosize = bp->b_bcount - bp->b_resid;
2848 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
2849 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
2850 		resid = ((foff + PAGE_SIZE) & ~(off_t)PAGE_MASK) - foff;
2851 		if (resid > iosize)
2852 			resid = iosize;
2853 
2854 		/*
2855 		 * cleanup bogus pages, restoring the originals
2856 		 */
2857 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
2858 		if (m == bogus_page) {
2859 			bogus = true;
2860 			m = vm_page_lookup(obj, OFF_TO_IDX(foff));
2861 			if (m == NULL)
2862 				panic("biodone: page disappeared!");
2863 			bp->b_pages[i] = m;
2864 		} else if ((bp->b_iocmd == BIO_READ) && resid > 0) {
2865 			/*
2866 			 * In the write case, the valid and clean bits are
2867 			 * already changed correctly ( see bdwrite() ), so we
2868 			 * only need to do this here in the read case.
2869 			 */
2870 			KASSERT((m->dirty & vm_page_bits(foff & PAGE_MASK,
2871 			    resid)) == 0, ("vfs_vmio_iodone: page %p "
2872 			    "has unexpected dirty bits", m));
2873 			vfs_page_set_valid(bp, foff, m);
2874 		}
2875 		KASSERT(OFF_TO_IDX(foff) == m->pindex,
2876 		    ("vfs_vmio_iodone: foff(%jd)/pindex(%ju) mismatch",
2877 		    (intmax_t)foff, (uintmax_t)m->pindex));
2878 
2879 		vm_page_sunbusy(m);
2880 		foff = (foff + PAGE_SIZE) & ~(off_t)PAGE_MASK;
2881 		iosize -= resid;
2882 	}
2883 	vm_object_pip_wakeupn(obj, bp->b_npages);
2884 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
2885 	if (bogus && buf_mapped(bp)) {
2886 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
2887 		pmap_qenter(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data),
2888 		    bp->b_pages, bp->b_npages);
2889 	}
2890 }
2891 
2892 /*
2893  * Perform page invalidation when a buffer is released.  The fully invalid
2894  * pages will be reclaimed later in vfs_vmio_truncate().
2895  */
2896 static void
2897 vfs_vmio_invalidate(struct buf *bp)
2898 {
2899 	vm_object_t obj;
2900 	vm_page_t m;
2901 	int flags, i, resid, poffset, presid;
2902 
2903 	if (buf_mapped(bp)) {
2904 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
2905 		pmap_qremove(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data), bp->b_npages);
2906 	} else
2907 		BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
2908 	/*
2909 	 * Get the base offset and length of the buffer.  Note that
2910 	 * in the VMIO case if the buffer block size is not
2911 	 * page-aligned then b_data pointer may not be page-aligned.
2912 	 * But our b_pages[] array *IS* page aligned.
2913 	 *
2914 	 * block sizes less then DEV_BSIZE (usually 512) are not
2915 	 * supported due to the page granularity bits (m->valid,
2916 	 * m->dirty, etc...).
2917 	 *
2918 	 * See man buf(9) for more information
2919 	 */
2920 	flags = (bp->b_flags & B_NOREUSE) != 0 ? VPR_NOREUSE : 0;
2921 	obj = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
2922 	resid = bp->b_bufsize;
2923 	poffset = bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK;
2924 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
2925 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
2926 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
2927 		if (m == bogus_page)
2928 			panic("vfs_vmio_invalidate: Unexpected bogus page.");
2929 		bp->b_pages[i] = NULL;
2930 
2931 		presid = resid > (PAGE_SIZE - poffset) ?
2932 		    (PAGE_SIZE - poffset) : resid;
2933 		KASSERT(presid >= 0, ("brelse: extra page"));
2934 		while (vm_page_xbusied(m))
2935 			vm_page_sleep_if_xbusy(m, "mbncsh");
2936 		if (pmap_page_wired_mappings(m) == 0)
2937 			vm_page_set_invalid(m, poffset, presid);
2938 		vm_page_release_locked(m, flags);
2939 		resid -= presid;
2940 		poffset = 0;
2941 	}
2942 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
2943 	bp->b_npages = 0;
2944 }
2945 
2946 /*
2947  * Page-granular truncation of an existing VMIO buffer.
2948  */
2949 static void
2950 vfs_vmio_truncate(struct buf *bp, int desiredpages)
2951 {
2952 	vm_object_t obj;
2953 	vm_page_t m;
2954 	int flags, i;
2955 
2956 	if (bp->b_npages == desiredpages)
2957 		return;
2958 
2959 	if (buf_mapped(bp)) {
2960 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
2961 		pmap_qremove((vm_offset_t)trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data) +
2962 		    (desiredpages << PAGE_SHIFT), bp->b_npages - desiredpages);
2963 	} else
2964 		BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
2965 
2966 	/*
2967 	 * The object lock is needed only if we will attempt to free pages.
2968 	 */
2969 	flags = (bp->b_flags & B_NOREUSE) != 0 ? VPR_NOREUSE : 0;
2970 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_DIRECT) != 0) {
2971 		flags |= VPR_TRYFREE;
2972 		obj = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
2973 		VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
2974 	} else {
2975 		obj = NULL;
2976 	}
2977 	for (i = desiredpages; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
2978 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
2979 		KASSERT(m != bogus_page, ("allocbuf: bogus page found"));
2980 		bp->b_pages[i] = NULL;
2981 		if (obj != NULL)
2982 			vm_page_release_locked(m, flags);
2983 		else
2984 			vm_page_release(m, flags);
2985 	}
2986 	if (obj != NULL)
2987 		VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
2988 	bp->b_npages = desiredpages;
2989 }
2990 
2991 /*
2992  * Byte granular extension of VMIO buffers.
2993  */
2994 static void
2995 vfs_vmio_extend(struct buf *bp, int desiredpages, int size)
2996 {
2997 	/*
2998 	 * We are growing the buffer, possibly in a
2999 	 * byte-granular fashion.
3000 	 */
3001 	vm_object_t obj;
3002 	vm_offset_t toff;
3003 	vm_offset_t tinc;
3004 	vm_page_t m;
3005 
3006 	/*
3007 	 * Step 1, bring in the VM pages from the object, allocating
3008 	 * them if necessary.  We must clear B_CACHE if these pages
3009 	 * are not valid for the range covered by the buffer.
3010 	 */
3011 	obj = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
3012 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
3013 	if (bp->b_npages < desiredpages) {
3014 		/*
3015 		 * We must allocate system pages since blocking
3016 		 * here could interfere with paging I/O, no
3017 		 * matter which process we are.
3018 		 *
3019 		 * Only exclusive busy can be tested here.
3020 		 * Blocking on shared busy might lead to
3021 		 * deadlocks once allocbuf() is called after
3022 		 * pages are vfs_busy_pages().
3023 		 */
3024 		(void)vm_page_grab_pages(obj,
3025 		    OFF_TO_IDX(bp->b_offset) + bp->b_npages,
3026 		    VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM | VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY |
3027 		    VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_WIRED,
3028 		    &bp->b_pages[bp->b_npages], desiredpages - bp->b_npages);
3029 		bp->b_npages = desiredpages;
3030 	}
3031 
3032 	/*
3033 	 * Step 2.  We've loaded the pages into the buffer,
3034 	 * we have to figure out if we can still have B_CACHE
3035 	 * set.  Note that B_CACHE is set according to the
3036 	 * byte-granular range ( bcount and size ), not the
3037 	 * aligned range ( newbsize ).
3038 	 *
3039 	 * The VM test is against m->valid, which is DEV_BSIZE
3040 	 * aligned.  Needless to say, the validity of the data
3041 	 * needs to also be DEV_BSIZE aligned.  Note that this
3042 	 * fails with NFS if the server or some other client
3043 	 * extends the file's EOF.  If our buffer is resized,
3044 	 * B_CACHE may remain set! XXX
3045 	 */
3046 	toff = bp->b_bcount;
3047 	tinc = PAGE_SIZE - ((bp->b_offset + toff) & PAGE_MASK);
3048 	while ((bp->b_flags & B_CACHE) && toff < size) {
3049 		vm_pindex_t pi;
3050 
3051 		if (tinc > (size - toff))
3052 			tinc = size - toff;
3053 		pi = ((bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK) + toff) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
3054 		m = bp->b_pages[pi];
3055 		vfs_buf_test_cache(bp, bp->b_offset, toff, tinc, m);
3056 		toff += tinc;
3057 		tinc = PAGE_SIZE;
3058 	}
3059 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
3060 
3061 	/*
3062 	 * Step 3, fixup the KVA pmap.
3063 	 */
3064 	if (buf_mapped(bp))
3065 		bpmap_qenter(bp);
3066 	else
3067 		BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
3068 }
3069 
3070 /*
3071  * Check to see if a block at a particular lbn is available for a clustered
3072  * write.
3073  */
3074 static int
3075 vfs_bio_clcheck(struct vnode *vp, int size, daddr_t lblkno, daddr_t blkno)
3076 {
3077 	struct buf *bpa;
3078 	int match;
3079 
3080 	match = 0;
3081 
3082 	/* If the buf isn't in core skip it */
3083 	if ((bpa = gbincore(&vp->v_bufobj, lblkno)) == NULL)
3084 		return (0);
3085 
3086 	/* If the buf is busy we don't want to wait for it */
3087 	if (BUF_LOCK(bpa, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL) != 0)
3088 		return (0);
3089 
3090 	/* Only cluster with valid clusterable delayed write buffers */
3091 	if ((bpa->b_flags & (B_DELWRI | B_CLUSTEROK | B_INVAL)) !=
3092 	    (B_DELWRI | B_CLUSTEROK))
3093 		goto done;
3094 
3095 	if (bpa->b_bufsize != size)
3096 		goto done;
3097 
3098 	/*
3099 	 * Check to see if it is in the expected place on disk and that the
3100 	 * block has been mapped.
3101 	 */
3102 	if ((bpa->b_blkno != bpa->b_lblkno) && (bpa->b_blkno == blkno))
3103 		match = 1;
3104 done:
3105 	BUF_UNLOCK(bpa);
3106 	return (match);
3107 }
3108 
3109 /*
3110  *	vfs_bio_awrite:
3111  *
3112  *	Implement clustered async writes for clearing out B_DELWRI buffers.
3113  *	This is much better then the old way of writing only one buffer at
3114  *	a time.  Note that we may not be presented with the buffers in the
3115  *	correct order, so we search for the cluster in both directions.
3116  */
3117 int
3118 vfs_bio_awrite(struct buf *bp)
3119 {
3120 	struct bufobj *bo;
3121 	int i;
3122 	int j;
3123 	daddr_t lblkno = bp->b_lblkno;
3124 	struct vnode *vp = bp->b_vp;
3125 	int ncl;
3126 	int nwritten;
3127 	int size;
3128 	int maxcl;
3129 	int gbflags;
3130 
3131 	bo = &vp->v_bufobj;
3132 	gbflags = (bp->b_data == unmapped_buf) ? GB_UNMAPPED : 0;
3133 	/*
3134 	 * right now we support clustered writing only to regular files.  If
3135 	 * we find a clusterable block we could be in the middle of a cluster
3136 	 * rather then at the beginning.
3137 	 */
3138 	if ((vp->v_type == VREG) &&
3139 	    (vp->v_mount != 0) && /* Only on nodes that have the size info */
3140 	    (bp->b_flags & (B_CLUSTEROK | B_INVAL)) == B_CLUSTEROK) {
3141 
3142 		size = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
3143 		maxcl = MAXPHYS / size;
3144 
3145 		BO_RLOCK(bo);
3146 		for (i = 1; i < maxcl; i++)
3147 			if (vfs_bio_clcheck(vp, size, lblkno + i,
3148 			    bp->b_blkno + ((i * size) >> DEV_BSHIFT)) == 0)
3149 				break;
3150 
3151 		for (j = 1; i + j <= maxcl && j <= lblkno; j++)
3152 			if (vfs_bio_clcheck(vp, size, lblkno - j,
3153 			    bp->b_blkno - ((j * size) >> DEV_BSHIFT)) == 0)
3154 				break;
3155 		BO_RUNLOCK(bo);
3156 		--j;
3157 		ncl = i + j;
3158 		/*
3159 		 * this is a possible cluster write
3160 		 */
3161 		if (ncl != 1) {
3162 			BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
3163 			nwritten = cluster_wbuild(vp, size, lblkno - j, ncl,
3164 			    gbflags);
3165 			return (nwritten);
3166 		}
3167 	}
3168 	bremfree(bp);
3169 	bp->b_flags |= B_ASYNC;
3170 	/*
3171 	 * default (old) behavior, writing out only one block
3172 	 *
3173 	 * XXX returns b_bufsize instead of b_bcount for nwritten?
3174 	 */
3175 	nwritten = bp->b_bufsize;
3176 	(void) bwrite(bp);
3177 
3178 	return (nwritten);
3179 }
3180 
3181 /*
3182  *	getnewbuf_kva:
3183  *
3184  *	Allocate KVA for an empty buf header according to gbflags.
3185  */
3186 static int
3187 getnewbuf_kva(struct buf *bp, int gbflags, int maxsize)
3188 {
3189 
3190 	if ((gbflags & (GB_UNMAPPED | GB_KVAALLOC)) != GB_UNMAPPED) {
3191 		/*
3192 		 * In order to keep fragmentation sane we only allocate kva
3193 		 * in BKVASIZE chunks.  XXX with vmem we can do page size.
3194 		 */
3195 		maxsize = (maxsize + BKVAMASK) & ~BKVAMASK;
3196 
3197 		if (maxsize != bp->b_kvasize &&
3198 		    bufkva_alloc(bp, maxsize, gbflags))
3199 			return (ENOSPC);
3200 	}
3201 	return (0);
3202 }
3203 
3204 /*
3205  *	getnewbuf:
3206  *
3207  *	Find and initialize a new buffer header, freeing up existing buffers
3208  *	in the bufqueues as necessary.  The new buffer is returned locked.
3209  *
3210  *	We block if:
3211  *		We have insufficient buffer headers
3212  *		We have insufficient buffer space
3213  *		buffer_arena is too fragmented ( space reservation fails )
3214  *		If we have to flush dirty buffers ( but we try to avoid this )
3215  *
3216  *	The caller is responsible for releasing the reserved bufspace after
3217  *	allocbuf() is called.
3218  */
3219 static struct buf *
3220 getnewbuf(struct vnode *vp, int slpflag, int slptimeo, int maxsize, int gbflags)
3221 {
3222 	struct bufdomain *bd;
3223 	struct buf *bp;
3224 	bool metadata, reserved;
3225 
3226 	bp = NULL;
3227 	KASSERT((gbflags & (GB_UNMAPPED | GB_KVAALLOC)) != GB_KVAALLOC,
3228 	    ("GB_KVAALLOC only makes sense with GB_UNMAPPED"));
3229 	if (!unmapped_buf_allowed)
3230 		gbflags &= ~(GB_UNMAPPED | GB_KVAALLOC);
3231 
3232 	if (vp == NULL || (vp->v_vflag & (VV_MD | VV_SYSTEM)) != 0 ||
3233 	    vp->v_type == VCHR)
3234 		metadata = true;
3235 	else
3236 		metadata = false;
3237 	if (vp == NULL)
3238 		bd = &bdomain[0];
3239 	else
3240 		bd = &bdomain[vp->v_bufobj.bo_domain];
3241 
3242 	counter_u64_add(getnewbufcalls, 1);
3243 	reserved = false;
3244 	do {
3245 		if (reserved == false &&
3246 		    bufspace_reserve(bd, maxsize, metadata) != 0) {
3247 			counter_u64_add(getnewbufrestarts, 1);
3248 			continue;
3249 		}
3250 		reserved = true;
3251 		if ((bp = buf_alloc(bd)) == NULL) {
3252 			counter_u64_add(getnewbufrestarts, 1);
3253 			continue;
3254 		}
3255 		if (getnewbuf_kva(bp, gbflags, maxsize) == 0)
3256 			return (bp);
3257 		break;
3258 	} while (buf_recycle(bd, false) == 0);
3259 
3260 	if (reserved)
3261 		bufspace_release(bd, maxsize);
3262 	if (bp != NULL) {
3263 		bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
3264 		brelse(bp);
3265 	}
3266 	bufspace_wait(bd, vp, gbflags, slpflag, slptimeo);
3267 
3268 	return (NULL);
3269 }
3270 
3271 /*
3272  *	buf_daemon:
3273  *
3274  *	buffer flushing daemon.  Buffers are normally flushed by the
3275  *	update daemon but if it cannot keep up this process starts to
3276  *	take the load in an attempt to prevent getnewbuf() from blocking.
3277  */
3278 static struct kproc_desc buf_kp = {
3279 	"bufdaemon",
3280 	buf_daemon,
3281 	&bufdaemonproc
3282 };
3283 SYSINIT(bufdaemon, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_BUF, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kproc_start, &buf_kp);
3284 
3285 static int
3286 buf_flush(struct vnode *vp, struct bufdomain *bd, int target)
3287 {
3288 	int flushed;
3289 
3290 	flushed = flushbufqueues(vp, bd, target, 0);
3291 	if (flushed == 0) {
3292 		/*
3293 		 * Could not find any buffers without rollback
3294 		 * dependencies, so just write the first one
3295 		 * in the hopes of eventually making progress.
3296 		 */
3297 		if (vp != NULL && target > 2)
3298 			target /= 2;
3299 		flushbufqueues(vp, bd, target, 1);
3300 	}
3301 	return (flushed);
3302 }
3303 
3304 static void
3305 buf_daemon()
3306 {
3307 	struct bufdomain *bd;
3308 	int speedupreq;
3309 	int lodirty;
3310 	int i;
3311 
3312 	/*
3313 	 * This process needs to be suspended prior to shutdown sync.
3314 	 */
3315 	EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_pre_sync, kthread_shutdown, curthread,
3316 	    SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
3317 
3318 	/*
3319 	 * Start the buf clean daemons as children threads.
3320 	 */
3321 	for (i = 0 ; i < buf_domains; i++) {
3322 		int error;
3323 
3324 		error = kthread_add((void (*)(void *))bufspace_daemon,
3325 		    &bdomain[i], curproc, NULL, 0, 0, "bufspacedaemon-%d", i);
3326 		if (error)
3327 			panic("error %d spawning bufspace daemon", error);
3328 	}
3329 
3330 	/*
3331 	 * This process is allowed to take the buffer cache to the limit
3332 	 */
3333 	curthread->td_pflags |= TDP_NORUNNINGBUF | TDP_BUFNEED;
3334 	mtx_lock(&bdlock);
3335 	for (;;) {
3336 		bd_request = 0;
3337 		mtx_unlock(&bdlock);
3338 
3339 		kthread_suspend_check();
3340 
3341 		/*
3342 		 * Save speedupreq for this pass and reset to capture new
3343 		 * requests.
3344 		 */
3345 		speedupreq = bd_speedupreq;
3346 		bd_speedupreq = 0;
3347 
3348 		/*
3349 		 * Flush each domain sequentially according to its level and
3350 		 * the speedup request.
3351 		 */
3352 		for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++) {
3353 			bd = &bdomain[i];
3354 			if (speedupreq)
3355 				lodirty = bd->bd_numdirtybuffers / 2;
3356 			else
3357 				lodirty = bd->bd_lodirtybuffers;
3358 			while (bd->bd_numdirtybuffers > lodirty) {
3359 				if (buf_flush(NULL, bd,
3360 				    bd->bd_numdirtybuffers - lodirty) == 0)
3361 					break;
3362 				kern_yield(PRI_USER);
3363 			}
3364 		}
3365 
3366 		/*
3367 		 * Only clear bd_request if we have reached our low water
3368 		 * mark.  The buf_daemon normally waits 1 second and
3369 		 * then incrementally flushes any dirty buffers that have
3370 		 * built up, within reason.
3371 		 *
3372 		 * If we were unable to hit our low water mark and couldn't
3373 		 * find any flushable buffers, we sleep for a short period
3374 		 * to avoid endless loops on unlockable buffers.
3375 		 */
3376 		mtx_lock(&bdlock);
3377 		if (!BIT_EMPTY(BUF_DOMAINS, &bdlodirty)) {
3378 			/*
3379 			 * We reached our low water mark, reset the
3380 			 * request and sleep until we are needed again.
3381 			 * The sleep is just so the suspend code works.
3382 			 */
3383 			bd_request = 0;
3384 			/*
3385 			 * Do an extra wakeup in case dirty threshold
3386 			 * changed via sysctl and the explicit transition
3387 			 * out of shortfall was missed.
3388 			 */
3389 			bdirtywakeup();
3390 			if (runningbufspace <= lorunningspace)
3391 				runningwakeup();
3392 			msleep(&bd_request, &bdlock, PVM, "psleep", hz);
3393 		} else {
3394 			/*
3395 			 * We couldn't find any flushable dirty buffers but
3396 			 * still have too many dirty buffers, we
3397 			 * have to sleep and try again.  (rare)
3398 			 */
3399 			msleep(&bd_request, &bdlock, PVM, "qsleep", hz / 10);
3400 		}
3401 	}
3402 }
3403 
3404 /*
3405  *	flushbufqueues:
3406  *
3407  *	Try to flush a buffer in the dirty queue.  We must be careful to
3408  *	free up B_INVAL buffers instead of write them, which NFS is
3409  *	particularly sensitive to.
3410  */
3411 static int flushwithdeps = 0;
3412 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, flushwithdeps, CTLFLAG_RW, &flushwithdeps,
3413     0, "Number of buffers flushed with dependecies that require rollbacks");
3414 
3415 static int
3416 flushbufqueues(struct vnode *lvp, struct bufdomain *bd, int target,
3417     int flushdeps)
3418 {
3419 	struct bufqueue *bq;
3420 	struct buf *sentinel;
3421 	struct vnode *vp;
3422 	struct mount *mp;
3423 	struct buf *bp;
3424 	int hasdeps;
3425 	int flushed;
3426 	int error;
3427 	bool unlock;
3428 
3429 	flushed = 0;
3430 	bq = &bd->bd_dirtyq;
3431 	bp = NULL;
3432 	sentinel = malloc(sizeof(struct buf), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
3433 	sentinel->b_qindex = QUEUE_SENTINEL;
3434 	BQ_LOCK(bq);
3435 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bq->bq_queue, sentinel, b_freelist);
3436 	BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
3437 	while (flushed != target) {
3438 		maybe_yield();
3439 		BQ_LOCK(bq);
3440 		bp = TAILQ_NEXT(sentinel, b_freelist);
3441 		if (bp != NULL) {
3442 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&bq->bq_queue, sentinel, b_freelist);
3443 			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&bq->bq_queue, bp, sentinel,
3444 			    b_freelist);
3445 		} else {
3446 			BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
3447 			break;
3448 		}
3449 		/*
3450 		 * Skip sentinels inserted by other invocations of the
3451 		 * flushbufqueues(), taking care to not reorder them.
3452 		 *
3453 		 * Only flush the buffers that belong to the
3454 		 * vnode locked by the curthread.
3455 		 */
3456 		if (bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_SENTINEL || (lvp != NULL &&
3457 		    bp->b_vp != lvp)) {
3458 			BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
3459 			continue;
3460 		}
3461 		error = BUF_LOCK(bp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL);
3462 		BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
3463 		if (error != 0)
3464 			continue;
3465 
3466 		/*
3467 		 * BKGRDINPROG can only be set with the buf and bufobj
3468 		 * locks both held.  We tolerate a race to clear it here.
3469 		 */
3470 		if ((bp->b_vflags & BV_BKGRDINPROG) != 0 ||
3471 		    (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0) {
3472 			BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
3473 			continue;
3474 		}
3475 		if (bp->b_flags & B_INVAL) {
3476 			bremfreef(bp);
3477 			brelse(bp);
3478 			flushed++;
3479 			continue;
3480 		}
3481 
3482 		if (!LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep) && buf_countdeps(bp, 0)) {
3483 			if (flushdeps == 0) {
3484 				BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
3485 				continue;
3486 			}
3487 			hasdeps = 1;
3488 		} else
3489 			hasdeps = 0;
3490 		/*
3491 		 * We must hold the lock on a vnode before writing
3492 		 * one of its buffers. Otherwise we may confuse, or
3493 		 * in the case of a snapshot vnode, deadlock the
3494 		 * system.
3495 		 *
3496 		 * The lock order here is the reverse of the normal
3497 		 * of vnode followed by buf lock.  This is ok because
3498 		 * the NOWAIT will prevent deadlock.
3499 		 */
3500 		vp = bp->b_vp;
3501 		if (vn_start_write(vp, &mp, V_NOWAIT) != 0) {
3502 			BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
3503 			continue;
3504 		}
3505 		if (lvp == NULL) {
3506 			unlock = true;
3507 			error = vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT);
3508 		} else {
3509 			ASSERT_VOP_LOCKED(vp, "getbuf");
3510 			unlock = false;
3511 			error = VOP_ISLOCKED(vp) == LK_EXCLUSIVE ? 0 :
3512 			    vn_lock(vp, LK_TRYUPGRADE);
3513 		}
3514 		if (error == 0) {
3515 			CTR3(KTR_BUF, "flushbufqueue(%p) vp %p flags %X",
3516 			    bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
3517 			if (curproc == bufdaemonproc) {
3518 				vfs_bio_awrite(bp);
3519 			} else {
3520 				bremfree(bp);
3521 				bwrite(bp);
3522 				counter_u64_add(notbufdflushes, 1);
3523 			}
3524 			vn_finished_write(mp);
3525 			if (unlock)
3526 				VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
3527 			flushwithdeps += hasdeps;
3528 			flushed++;
3529 
3530 			/*
3531 			 * Sleeping on runningbufspace while holding
3532 			 * vnode lock leads to deadlock.
3533 			 */
3534 			if (curproc == bufdaemonproc &&
3535 			    runningbufspace > hirunningspace)
3536 				waitrunningbufspace();
3537 			continue;
3538 		}
3539 		vn_finished_write(mp);
3540 		BUF_UNLOCK(bp);
3541 	}
3542 	BQ_LOCK(bq);
3543 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&bq->bq_queue, sentinel, b_freelist);
3544 	BQ_UNLOCK(bq);
3545 	free(sentinel, M_TEMP);
3546 	return (flushed);
3547 }
3548 
3549 /*
3550  * Check to see if a block is currently memory resident.
3551  */
3552 struct buf *
3553 incore(struct bufobj *bo, daddr_t blkno)
3554 {
3555 	struct buf *bp;
3556 
3557 	BO_RLOCK(bo);
3558 	bp = gbincore(bo, blkno);
3559 	BO_RUNLOCK(bo);
3560 	return (bp);
3561 }
3562 
3563 /*
3564  * Returns true if no I/O is needed to access the
3565  * associated VM object.  This is like incore except
3566  * it also hunts around in the VM system for the data.
3567  */
3568 
3569 static int
3570 inmem(struct vnode * vp, daddr_t blkno)
3571 {
3572 	vm_object_t obj;
3573 	vm_offset_t toff, tinc, size;
3574 	vm_page_t m;
3575 	vm_ooffset_t off;
3576 
3577 	ASSERT_VOP_LOCKED(vp, "inmem");
3578 
3579 	if (incore(&vp->v_bufobj, blkno))
3580 		return 1;
3581 	if (vp->v_mount == NULL)
3582 		return 0;
3583 	obj = vp->v_object;
3584 	if (obj == NULL)
3585 		return (0);
3586 
3587 	size = PAGE_SIZE;
3588 	if (size > vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize)
3589 		size = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
3590 	off = (vm_ooffset_t)blkno * (vm_ooffset_t)vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
3591 
3592 	VM_OBJECT_RLOCK(obj);
3593 	for (toff = 0; toff < vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize; toff += tinc) {
3594 		m = vm_page_lookup(obj, OFF_TO_IDX(off + toff));
3595 		if (!m)
3596 			goto notinmem;
3597 		tinc = size;
3598 		if (tinc > PAGE_SIZE - ((toff + off) & PAGE_MASK))
3599 			tinc = PAGE_SIZE - ((toff + off) & PAGE_MASK);
3600 		if (vm_page_is_valid(m,
3601 		    (vm_offset_t) ((toff + off) & PAGE_MASK), tinc) == 0)
3602 			goto notinmem;
3603 	}
3604 	VM_OBJECT_RUNLOCK(obj);
3605 	return 1;
3606 
3607 notinmem:
3608 	VM_OBJECT_RUNLOCK(obj);
3609 	return (0);
3610 }
3611 
3612 /*
3613  * Set the dirty range for a buffer based on the status of the dirty
3614  * bits in the pages comprising the buffer.  The range is limited
3615  * to the size of the buffer.
3616  *
3617  * Tell the VM system that the pages associated with this buffer
3618  * are clean.  This is used for delayed writes where the data is
3619  * going to go to disk eventually without additional VM intevention.
3620  *
3621  * Note that while we only really need to clean through to b_bcount, we
3622  * just go ahead and clean through to b_bufsize.
3623  */
3624 static void
3625 vfs_clean_pages_dirty_buf(struct buf *bp)
3626 {
3627 	vm_ooffset_t foff, noff, eoff;
3628 	vm_page_t m;
3629 	int i;
3630 
3631 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) == 0 || bp->b_bufsize == 0)
3632 		return;
3633 
3634 	foff = bp->b_offset;
3635 	KASSERT(bp->b_offset != NOOFFSET,
3636 	    ("vfs_clean_pages_dirty_buf: no buffer offset"));
3637 
3638 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
3639 	vfs_drain_busy_pages(bp);
3640 	vfs_setdirty_locked_object(bp);
3641 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
3642 		noff = (foff + PAGE_SIZE) & ~(off_t)PAGE_MASK;
3643 		eoff = noff;
3644 		if (eoff > bp->b_offset + bp->b_bufsize)
3645 			eoff = bp->b_offset + bp->b_bufsize;
3646 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
3647 		vfs_page_set_validclean(bp, foff, m);
3648 		/* vm_page_clear_dirty(m, foff & PAGE_MASK, eoff - foff); */
3649 		foff = noff;
3650 	}
3651 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
3652 }
3653 
3654 static void
3655 vfs_setdirty_locked_object(struct buf *bp)
3656 {
3657 	vm_object_t object;
3658 	int i;
3659 
3660 	object = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
3661 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
3662 
3663 	/*
3664 	 * We qualify the scan for modified pages on whether the
3665 	 * object has been flushed yet.
3666 	 */
3667 	if ((object->flags & OBJ_MIGHTBEDIRTY) != 0) {
3668 		vm_offset_t boffset;
3669 		vm_offset_t eoffset;
3670 
3671 		/*
3672 		 * test the pages to see if they have been modified directly
3673 		 * by users through the VM system.
3674 		 */
3675 		for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++)
3676 			vm_page_test_dirty(bp->b_pages[i]);
3677 
3678 		/*
3679 		 * Calculate the encompassing dirty range, boffset and eoffset,
3680 		 * (eoffset - boffset) bytes.
3681 		 */
3682 
3683 		for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
3684 			if (bp->b_pages[i]->dirty)
3685 				break;
3686 		}
3687 		boffset = (i << PAGE_SHIFT) - (bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK);
3688 
3689 		for (i = bp->b_npages - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
3690 			if (bp->b_pages[i]->dirty) {
3691 				break;
3692 			}
3693 		}
3694 		eoffset = ((i + 1) << PAGE_SHIFT) - (bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK);
3695 
3696 		/*
3697 		 * Fit it to the buffer.
3698 		 */
3699 
3700 		if (eoffset > bp->b_bcount)
3701 			eoffset = bp->b_bcount;
3702 
3703 		/*
3704 		 * If we have a good dirty range, merge with the existing
3705 		 * dirty range.
3706 		 */
3707 
3708 		if (boffset < eoffset) {
3709 			if (bp->b_dirtyoff > boffset)
3710 				bp->b_dirtyoff = boffset;
3711 			if (bp->b_dirtyend < eoffset)
3712 				bp->b_dirtyend = eoffset;
3713 		}
3714 	}
3715 }
3716 
3717 /*
3718  * Allocate the KVA mapping for an existing buffer.
3719  * If an unmapped buffer is provided but a mapped buffer is requested, take
3720  * also care to properly setup mappings between pages and KVA.
3721  */
3722 static void
3723 bp_unmapped_get_kva(struct buf *bp, daddr_t blkno, int size, int gbflags)
3724 {
3725 	int bsize, maxsize, need_mapping, need_kva;
3726 	off_t offset;
3727 
3728 	need_mapping = bp->b_data == unmapped_buf &&
3729 	    (gbflags & GB_UNMAPPED) == 0;
3730 	need_kva = bp->b_kvabase == unmapped_buf &&
3731 	    bp->b_data == unmapped_buf &&
3732 	    (gbflags & GB_KVAALLOC) != 0;
3733 	if (!need_mapping && !need_kva)
3734 		return;
3735 
3736 	BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
3737 
3738 	if (need_mapping && bp->b_kvabase != unmapped_buf) {
3739 		/*
3740 		 * Buffer is not mapped, but the KVA was already
3741 		 * reserved at the time of the instantiation.  Use the
3742 		 * allocated space.
3743 		 */
3744 		goto has_addr;
3745 	}
3746 
3747 	/*
3748 	 * Calculate the amount of the address space we would reserve
3749 	 * if the buffer was mapped.
3750 	 */
3751 	bsize = vn_isdisk(bp->b_vp, NULL) ? DEV_BSIZE : bp->b_bufobj->bo_bsize;
3752 	KASSERT(bsize != 0, ("bsize == 0, check bo->bo_bsize"));
3753 	offset = blkno * bsize;
3754 	maxsize = size + (offset & PAGE_MASK);
3755 	maxsize = imax(maxsize, bsize);
3756 
3757 	while (bufkva_alloc(bp, maxsize, gbflags) != 0) {
3758 		if ((gbflags & GB_NOWAIT_BD) != 0) {
3759 			/*
3760 			 * XXXKIB: defragmentation cannot
3761 			 * succeed, not sure what else to do.
3762 			 */
3763 			panic("GB_NOWAIT_BD and GB_UNMAPPED %p", bp);
3764 		}
3765 		counter_u64_add(mappingrestarts, 1);
3766 		bufspace_wait(bufdomain(bp), bp->b_vp, gbflags, 0, 0);
3767 	}
3768 has_addr:
3769 	if (need_mapping) {
3770 		/* b_offset is handled by bpmap_qenter. */
3771 		bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase;
3772 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
3773 		bpmap_qenter(bp);
3774 	}
3775 }
3776 
3777 struct buf *
3778 getblk(struct vnode *vp, daddr_t blkno, int size, int slpflag, int slptimeo,
3779     int flags)
3780 {
3781 	struct buf *bp;
3782 	int error;
3783 
3784 	error = getblkx(vp, blkno, size, slpflag, slptimeo, flags, &bp);
3785 	if (error != 0)
3786 		return (NULL);
3787 	return (bp);
3788 }
3789 
3790 /*
3791  *	getblkx:
3792  *
3793  *	Get a block given a specified block and offset into a file/device.
3794  *	The buffers B_DONE bit will be cleared on return, making it almost
3795  * 	ready for an I/O initiation.  B_INVAL may or may not be set on
3796  *	return.  The caller should clear B_INVAL prior to initiating a
3797  *	READ.
3798  *
3799  *	For a non-VMIO buffer, B_CACHE is set to the opposite of B_INVAL for
3800  *	an existing buffer.
3801  *
3802  *	For a VMIO buffer, B_CACHE is modified according to the backing VM.
3803  *	If getblk()ing a previously 0-sized invalid buffer, B_CACHE is set
3804  *	and then cleared based on the backing VM.  If the previous buffer is
3805  *	non-0-sized but invalid, B_CACHE will be cleared.
3806  *
3807  *	If getblk() must create a new buffer, the new buffer is returned with
3808  *	both B_INVAL and B_CACHE clear unless it is a VMIO buffer, in which
3809  *	case it is returned with B_INVAL clear and B_CACHE set based on the
3810  *	backing VM.
3811  *
3812  *	getblk() also forces a bwrite() for any B_DELWRI buffer whos
3813  *	B_CACHE bit is clear.
3814  *
3815  *	What this means, basically, is that the caller should use B_CACHE to
3816  *	determine whether the buffer is fully valid or not and should clear
3817  *	B_INVAL prior to issuing a read.  If the caller intends to validate
3818  *	the buffer by loading its data area with something, the caller needs
3819  *	to clear B_INVAL.  If the caller does this without issuing an I/O,
3820  *	the caller should set B_CACHE ( as an optimization ), else the caller
3821  *	should issue the I/O and biodone() will set B_CACHE if the I/O was
3822  *	a write attempt or if it was a successful read.  If the caller
3823  *	intends to issue a READ, the caller must clear B_INVAL and BIO_ERROR
3824  *	prior to issuing the READ.  biodone() will *not* clear B_INVAL.
3825  */
3826 int
3827 getblkx(struct vnode *vp, daddr_t blkno, int size, int slpflag, int slptimeo,
3828     int flags, struct buf **bpp)
3829 {
3830 	struct buf *bp;
3831 	struct bufobj *bo;
3832 	daddr_t d_blkno;
3833 	int bsize, error, maxsize, vmio;
3834 	off_t offset;
3835 
3836 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "getblk(%p, %ld, %d)", vp, (long)blkno, size);
3837 	KASSERT((flags & (GB_UNMAPPED | GB_KVAALLOC)) != GB_KVAALLOC,
3838 	    ("GB_KVAALLOC only makes sense with GB_UNMAPPED"));
3839 	ASSERT_VOP_LOCKED(vp, "getblk");
3840 	if (size > maxbcachebuf)
3841 		panic("getblk: size(%d) > maxbcachebuf(%d)\n", size,
3842 		    maxbcachebuf);
3843 	if (!unmapped_buf_allowed)
3844 		flags &= ~(GB_UNMAPPED | GB_KVAALLOC);
3845 
3846 	bo = &vp->v_bufobj;
3847 	d_blkno = blkno;
3848 loop:
3849 	BO_RLOCK(bo);
3850 	bp = gbincore(bo, blkno);
3851 	if (bp != NULL) {
3852 		int lockflags;
3853 		/*
3854 		 * Buffer is in-core.  If the buffer is not busy nor managed,
3855 		 * it must be on a queue.
3856 		 */
3857 		lockflags = LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_SLEEPFAIL | LK_INTERLOCK;
3858 
3859 		if ((flags & GB_LOCK_NOWAIT) != 0)
3860 			lockflags |= LK_NOWAIT;
3861 
3862 		error = BUF_TIMELOCK(bp, lockflags,
3863 		    BO_LOCKPTR(bo), "getblk", slpflag, slptimeo);
3864 
3865 		/*
3866 		 * If we slept and got the lock we have to restart in case
3867 		 * the buffer changed identities.
3868 		 */
3869 		if (error == ENOLCK)
3870 			goto loop;
3871 		/* We timed out or were interrupted. */
3872 		else if (error != 0)
3873 			return (error);
3874 		/* If recursed, assume caller knows the rules. */
3875 		else if (BUF_LOCKRECURSED(bp))
3876 			goto end;
3877 
3878 		/*
3879 		 * The buffer is locked.  B_CACHE is cleared if the buffer is
3880 		 * invalid.  Otherwise, for a non-VMIO buffer, B_CACHE is set
3881 		 * and for a VMIO buffer B_CACHE is adjusted according to the
3882 		 * backing VM cache.
3883 		 */
3884 		if (bp->b_flags & B_INVAL)
3885 			bp->b_flags &= ~B_CACHE;
3886 		else if ((bp->b_flags & (B_VMIO | B_INVAL)) == 0)
3887 			bp->b_flags |= B_CACHE;
3888 		if (bp->b_flags & B_MANAGED)
3889 			MPASS(bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_NONE);
3890 		else
3891 			bremfree(bp);
3892 
3893 		/*
3894 		 * check for size inconsistencies for non-VMIO case.
3895 		 */
3896 		if (bp->b_bcount != size) {
3897 			if ((bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) == 0 ||
3898 			    (size > bp->b_kvasize)) {
3899 				if (bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) {
3900 					bp->b_flags |= B_NOCACHE;
3901 					bwrite(bp);
3902 				} else {
3903 					if (LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep)) {
3904 						bp->b_flags |= B_RELBUF;
3905 						brelse(bp);
3906 					} else {
3907 						bp->b_flags |= B_NOCACHE;
3908 						bwrite(bp);
3909 					}
3910 				}
3911 				goto loop;
3912 			}
3913 		}
3914 
3915 		/*
3916 		 * Handle the case of unmapped buffer which should
3917 		 * become mapped, or the buffer for which KVA
3918 		 * reservation is requested.
3919 		 */
3920 		bp_unmapped_get_kva(bp, blkno, size, flags);
3921 
3922 		/*
3923 		 * If the size is inconsistent in the VMIO case, we can resize
3924 		 * the buffer.  This might lead to B_CACHE getting set or
3925 		 * cleared.  If the size has not changed, B_CACHE remains
3926 		 * unchanged from its previous state.
3927 		 */
3928 		allocbuf(bp, size);
3929 
3930 		KASSERT(bp->b_offset != NOOFFSET,
3931 		    ("getblk: no buffer offset"));
3932 
3933 		/*
3934 		 * A buffer with B_DELWRI set and B_CACHE clear must
3935 		 * be committed before we can return the buffer in
3936 		 * order to prevent the caller from issuing a read
3937 		 * ( due to B_CACHE not being set ) and overwriting
3938 		 * it.
3939 		 *
3940 		 * Most callers, including NFS and FFS, need this to
3941 		 * operate properly either because they assume they
3942 		 * can issue a read if B_CACHE is not set, or because
3943 		 * ( for example ) an uncached B_DELWRI might loop due
3944 		 * to softupdates re-dirtying the buffer.  In the latter
3945 		 * case, B_CACHE is set after the first write completes,
3946 		 * preventing further loops.
3947 		 * NOTE!  b*write() sets B_CACHE.  If we cleared B_CACHE
3948 		 * above while extending the buffer, we cannot allow the
3949 		 * buffer to remain with B_CACHE set after the write
3950 		 * completes or it will represent a corrupt state.  To
3951 		 * deal with this we set B_NOCACHE to scrap the buffer
3952 		 * after the write.
3953 		 *
3954 		 * We might be able to do something fancy, like setting
3955 		 * B_CACHE in bwrite() except if B_DELWRI is already set,
3956 		 * so the below call doesn't set B_CACHE, but that gets real
3957 		 * confusing.  This is much easier.
3958 		 */
3959 
3960 		if ((bp->b_flags & (B_CACHE|B_DELWRI)) == B_DELWRI) {
3961 			bp->b_flags |= B_NOCACHE;
3962 			bwrite(bp);
3963 			goto loop;
3964 		}
3965 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_DONE;
3966 	} else {
3967 		/*
3968 		 * Buffer is not in-core, create new buffer.  The buffer
3969 		 * returned by getnewbuf() is locked.  Note that the returned
3970 		 * buffer is also considered valid (not marked B_INVAL).
3971 		 */
3972 		BO_RUNLOCK(bo);
3973 		/*
3974 		 * If the user does not want us to create the buffer, bail out
3975 		 * here.
3976 		 */
3977 		if (flags & GB_NOCREAT)
3978 			return (EEXIST);
3979 
3980 		bsize = vn_isdisk(vp, NULL) ? DEV_BSIZE : bo->bo_bsize;
3981 		KASSERT(bsize != 0, ("bsize == 0, check bo->bo_bsize"));
3982 		offset = blkno * bsize;
3983 		vmio = vp->v_object != NULL;
3984 		if (vmio) {
3985 			maxsize = size + (offset & PAGE_MASK);
3986 		} else {
3987 			maxsize = size;
3988 			/* Do not allow non-VMIO notmapped buffers. */
3989 			flags &= ~(GB_UNMAPPED | GB_KVAALLOC);
3990 		}
3991 		maxsize = imax(maxsize, bsize);
3992 		if ((flags & GB_NOSPARSE) != 0 && vmio &&
3993 		    !vn_isdisk(vp, NULL)) {
3994 			error = VOP_BMAP(vp, blkno, NULL, &d_blkno, 0, 0);
3995 			KASSERT(error != EOPNOTSUPP,
3996 			    ("GB_NOSPARSE from fs not supporting bmap, vp %p",
3997 			    vp));
3998 			if (error != 0)
3999 				return (error);
4000 			if (d_blkno == -1)
4001 				return (EJUSTRETURN);
4002 		}
4003 
4004 		bp = getnewbuf(vp, slpflag, slptimeo, maxsize, flags);
4005 		if (bp == NULL) {
4006 			if (slpflag || slptimeo)
4007 				return (ETIMEDOUT);
4008 			/*
4009 			 * XXX This is here until the sleep path is diagnosed
4010 			 * enough to work under very low memory conditions.
4011 			 *
4012 			 * There's an issue on low memory, 4BSD+non-preempt
4013 			 * systems (eg MIPS routers with 32MB RAM) where buffer
4014 			 * exhaustion occurs without sleeping for buffer
4015 			 * reclaimation.  This just sticks in a loop and
4016 			 * constantly attempts to allocate a buffer, which
4017 			 * hits exhaustion and tries to wakeup bufdaemon.
4018 			 * This never happens because we never yield.
4019 			 *
4020 			 * The real solution is to identify and fix these cases
4021 			 * so we aren't effectively busy-waiting in a loop
4022 			 * until the reclaimation path has cycles to run.
4023 			 */
4024 			kern_yield(PRI_USER);
4025 			goto loop;
4026 		}
4027 
4028 		/*
4029 		 * This code is used to make sure that a buffer is not
4030 		 * created while the getnewbuf routine is blocked.
4031 		 * This can be a problem whether the vnode is locked or not.
4032 		 * If the buffer is created out from under us, we have to
4033 		 * throw away the one we just created.
4034 		 *
4035 		 * Note: this must occur before we associate the buffer
4036 		 * with the vp especially considering limitations in
4037 		 * the splay tree implementation when dealing with duplicate
4038 		 * lblkno's.
4039 		 */
4040 		BO_LOCK(bo);
4041 		if (gbincore(bo, blkno)) {
4042 			BO_UNLOCK(bo);
4043 			bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
4044 			bufspace_release(bufdomain(bp), maxsize);
4045 			brelse(bp);
4046 			goto loop;
4047 		}
4048 
4049 		/*
4050 		 * Insert the buffer into the hash, so that it can
4051 		 * be found by incore.
4052 		 */
4053 		bp->b_lblkno = blkno;
4054 		bp->b_blkno = d_blkno;
4055 		bp->b_offset = offset;
4056 		bgetvp(vp, bp);
4057 		BO_UNLOCK(bo);
4058 
4059 		/*
4060 		 * set B_VMIO bit.  allocbuf() the buffer bigger.  Since the
4061 		 * buffer size starts out as 0, B_CACHE will be set by
4062 		 * allocbuf() for the VMIO case prior to it testing the
4063 		 * backing store for validity.
4064 		 */
4065 
4066 		if (vmio) {
4067 			bp->b_flags |= B_VMIO;
4068 			KASSERT(vp->v_object == bp->b_bufobj->bo_object,
4069 			    ("ARGH! different b_bufobj->bo_object %p %p %p\n",
4070 			    bp, vp->v_object, bp->b_bufobj->bo_object));
4071 		} else {
4072 			bp->b_flags &= ~B_VMIO;
4073 			KASSERT(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object == NULL,
4074 			    ("ARGH! has b_bufobj->bo_object %p %p\n",
4075 			    bp, bp->b_bufobj->bo_object));
4076 			BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
4077 		}
4078 
4079 		allocbuf(bp, size);
4080 		bufspace_release(bufdomain(bp), maxsize);
4081 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_DONE;
4082 	}
4083 	CTR4(KTR_BUF, "getblk(%p, %ld, %d) = %p", vp, (long)blkno, size, bp);
4084 end:
4085 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
4086 	KASSERT(bp->b_bufobj == bo,
4087 	    ("bp %p wrong b_bufobj %p should be %p", bp, bp->b_bufobj, bo));
4088 	*bpp = bp;
4089 	return (0);
4090 }
4091 
4092 /*
4093  * Get an empty, disassociated buffer of given size.  The buffer is initially
4094  * set to B_INVAL.
4095  */
4096 struct buf *
4097 geteblk(int size, int flags)
4098 {
4099 	struct buf *bp;
4100 	int maxsize;
4101 
4102 	maxsize = (size + BKVAMASK) & ~BKVAMASK;
4103 	while ((bp = getnewbuf(NULL, 0, 0, maxsize, flags)) == NULL) {
4104 		if ((flags & GB_NOWAIT_BD) &&
4105 		    (curthread->td_pflags & TDP_BUFNEED) != 0)
4106 			return (NULL);
4107 	}
4108 	allocbuf(bp, size);
4109 	bufspace_release(bufdomain(bp), maxsize);
4110 	bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;	/* b_dep cleared by getnewbuf() */
4111 	return (bp);
4112 }
4113 
4114 /*
4115  * Truncate the backing store for a non-vmio buffer.
4116  */
4117 static void
4118 vfs_nonvmio_truncate(struct buf *bp, int newbsize)
4119 {
4120 
4121 	if (bp->b_flags & B_MALLOC) {
4122 		/*
4123 		 * malloced buffers are not shrunk
4124 		 */
4125 		if (newbsize == 0) {
4126 			bufmallocadjust(bp, 0);
4127 			free(bp->b_data, M_BIOBUF);
4128 			bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase;
4129 			bp->b_flags &= ~B_MALLOC;
4130 		}
4131 		return;
4132 	}
4133 	vm_hold_free_pages(bp, newbsize);
4134 	bufspace_adjust(bp, newbsize);
4135 }
4136 
4137 /*
4138  * Extend the backing for a non-VMIO buffer.
4139  */
4140 static void
4141 vfs_nonvmio_extend(struct buf *bp, int newbsize)
4142 {
4143 	caddr_t origbuf;
4144 	int origbufsize;
4145 
4146 	/*
4147 	 * We only use malloced memory on the first allocation.
4148 	 * and revert to page-allocated memory when the buffer
4149 	 * grows.
4150 	 *
4151 	 * There is a potential smp race here that could lead
4152 	 * to bufmallocspace slightly passing the max.  It
4153 	 * is probably extremely rare and not worth worrying
4154 	 * over.
4155 	 */
4156 	if (bp->b_bufsize == 0 && newbsize <= PAGE_SIZE/2 &&
4157 	    bufmallocspace < maxbufmallocspace) {
4158 		bp->b_data = malloc(newbsize, M_BIOBUF, M_WAITOK);
4159 		bp->b_flags |= B_MALLOC;
4160 		bufmallocadjust(bp, newbsize);
4161 		return;
4162 	}
4163 
4164 	/*
4165 	 * If the buffer is growing on its other-than-first
4166 	 * allocation then we revert to the page-allocation
4167 	 * scheme.
4168 	 */
4169 	origbuf = NULL;
4170 	origbufsize = 0;
4171 	if (bp->b_flags & B_MALLOC) {
4172 		origbuf = bp->b_data;
4173 		origbufsize = bp->b_bufsize;
4174 		bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase;
4175 		bufmallocadjust(bp, 0);
4176 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_MALLOC;
4177 		newbsize = round_page(newbsize);
4178 	}
4179 	vm_hold_load_pages(bp, (vm_offset_t) bp->b_data + bp->b_bufsize,
4180 	    (vm_offset_t) bp->b_data + newbsize);
4181 	if (origbuf != NULL) {
4182 		bcopy(origbuf, bp->b_data, origbufsize);
4183 		free(origbuf, M_BIOBUF);
4184 	}
4185 	bufspace_adjust(bp, newbsize);
4186 }
4187 
4188 /*
4189  * This code constitutes the buffer memory from either anonymous system
4190  * memory (in the case of non-VMIO operations) or from an associated
4191  * VM object (in the case of VMIO operations).  This code is able to
4192  * resize a buffer up or down.
4193  *
4194  * Note that this code is tricky, and has many complications to resolve
4195  * deadlock or inconsistent data situations.  Tread lightly!!!
4196  * There are B_CACHE and B_DELWRI interactions that must be dealt with by
4197  * the caller.  Calling this code willy nilly can result in the loss of data.
4198  *
4199  * allocbuf() only adjusts B_CACHE for VMIO buffers.  getblk() deals with
4200  * B_CACHE for the non-VMIO case.
4201  */
4202 int
4203 allocbuf(struct buf *bp, int size)
4204 {
4205 	int newbsize;
4206 
4207 	if (bp->b_bcount == size)
4208 		return (1);
4209 
4210 	if (bp->b_kvasize != 0 && bp->b_kvasize < size)
4211 		panic("allocbuf: buffer too small");
4212 
4213 	newbsize = roundup2(size, DEV_BSIZE);
4214 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) == 0) {
4215 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_MALLOC) == 0)
4216 			newbsize = round_page(newbsize);
4217 		/*
4218 		 * Just get anonymous memory from the kernel.  Don't
4219 		 * mess with B_CACHE.
4220 		 */
4221 		if (newbsize < bp->b_bufsize)
4222 			vfs_nonvmio_truncate(bp, newbsize);
4223 		else if (newbsize > bp->b_bufsize)
4224 			vfs_nonvmio_extend(bp, newbsize);
4225 	} else {
4226 		int desiredpages;
4227 
4228 		desiredpages = (size == 0) ? 0 :
4229 		    num_pages((bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK) + newbsize);
4230 
4231 		if (bp->b_flags & B_MALLOC)
4232 			panic("allocbuf: VMIO buffer can't be malloced");
4233 		/*
4234 		 * Set B_CACHE initially if buffer is 0 length or will become
4235 		 * 0-length.
4236 		 */
4237 		if (size == 0 || bp->b_bufsize == 0)
4238 			bp->b_flags |= B_CACHE;
4239 
4240 		if (newbsize < bp->b_bufsize)
4241 			vfs_vmio_truncate(bp, desiredpages);
4242 		/* XXX This looks as if it should be newbsize > b_bufsize */
4243 		else if (size > bp->b_bcount)
4244 			vfs_vmio_extend(bp, desiredpages, size);
4245 		bufspace_adjust(bp, newbsize);
4246 	}
4247 	bp->b_bcount = size;		/* requested buffer size. */
4248 	return (1);
4249 }
4250 
4251 extern int inflight_transient_maps;
4252 
4253 static struct bio_queue nondump_bios;
4254 
4255 void
4256 biodone(struct bio *bp)
4257 {
4258 	struct mtx *mtxp;
4259 	void (*done)(struct bio *);
4260 	vm_offset_t start, end;
4261 
4262 	biotrack(bp, __func__);
4263 
4264 	/*
4265 	 * Avoid completing I/O when dumping after a panic since that may
4266 	 * result in a deadlock in the filesystem or pager code.  Note that
4267 	 * this doesn't affect dumps that were started manually since we aim
4268 	 * to keep the system usable after it has been resumed.
4269 	 */
4270 	if (__predict_false(dumping && SCHEDULER_STOPPED())) {
4271 		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&nondump_bios, bp, bio_queue);
4272 		return;
4273 	}
4274 	if ((bp->bio_flags & BIO_TRANSIENT_MAPPING) != 0) {
4275 		bp->bio_flags &= ~BIO_TRANSIENT_MAPPING;
4276 		bp->bio_flags |= BIO_UNMAPPED;
4277 		start = trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->bio_data);
4278 		end = round_page((vm_offset_t)bp->bio_data + bp->bio_length);
4279 		bp->bio_data = unmapped_buf;
4280 		pmap_qremove(start, atop(end - start));
4281 		vmem_free(transient_arena, start, end - start);
4282 		atomic_add_int(&inflight_transient_maps, -1);
4283 	}
4284 	done = bp->bio_done;
4285 	if (done == NULL) {
4286 		mtxp = mtx_pool_find(mtxpool_sleep, bp);
4287 		mtx_lock(mtxp);
4288 		bp->bio_flags |= BIO_DONE;
4289 		wakeup(bp);
4290 		mtx_unlock(mtxp);
4291 	} else
4292 		done(bp);
4293 }
4294 
4295 /*
4296  * Wait for a BIO to finish.
4297  */
4298 int
4299 biowait(struct bio *bp, const char *wchan)
4300 {
4301 	struct mtx *mtxp;
4302 
4303 	mtxp = mtx_pool_find(mtxpool_sleep, bp);
4304 	mtx_lock(mtxp);
4305 	while ((bp->bio_flags & BIO_DONE) == 0)
4306 		msleep(bp, mtxp, PRIBIO, wchan, 0);
4307 	mtx_unlock(mtxp);
4308 	if (bp->bio_error != 0)
4309 		return (bp->bio_error);
4310 	if (!(bp->bio_flags & BIO_ERROR))
4311 		return (0);
4312 	return (EIO);
4313 }
4314 
4315 void
4316 biofinish(struct bio *bp, struct devstat *stat, int error)
4317 {
4318 
4319 	if (error) {
4320 		bp->bio_error = error;
4321 		bp->bio_flags |= BIO_ERROR;
4322 	}
4323 	if (stat != NULL)
4324 		devstat_end_transaction_bio(stat, bp);
4325 	biodone(bp);
4326 }
4327 
4328 #if defined(BUF_TRACKING) || defined(FULL_BUF_TRACKING)
4329 void
4330 biotrack_buf(struct bio *bp, const char *location)
4331 {
4332 
4333 	buf_track(bp->bio_track_bp, location);
4334 }
4335 #endif
4336 
4337 /*
4338  *	bufwait:
4339  *
4340  *	Wait for buffer I/O completion, returning error status.  The buffer
4341  *	is left locked and B_DONE on return.  B_EINTR is converted into an EINTR
4342  *	error and cleared.
4343  */
4344 int
4345 bufwait(struct buf *bp)
4346 {
4347 	if (bp->b_iocmd == BIO_READ)
4348 		bwait(bp, PRIBIO, "biord");
4349 	else
4350 		bwait(bp, PRIBIO, "biowr");
4351 	if (bp->b_flags & B_EINTR) {
4352 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_EINTR;
4353 		return (EINTR);
4354 	}
4355 	if (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR) {
4356 		return (bp->b_error ? bp->b_error : EIO);
4357 	} else {
4358 		return (0);
4359 	}
4360 }
4361 
4362 /*
4363  *	bufdone:
4364  *
4365  *	Finish I/O on a buffer, optionally calling a completion function.
4366  *	This is usually called from an interrupt so process blocking is
4367  *	not allowed.
4368  *
4369  *	biodone is also responsible for setting B_CACHE in a B_VMIO bp.
4370  *	In a non-VMIO bp, B_CACHE will be set on the next getblk()
4371  *	assuming B_INVAL is clear.
4372  *
4373  *	For the VMIO case, we set B_CACHE if the op was a read and no
4374  *	read error occurred, or if the op was a write.  B_CACHE is never
4375  *	set if the buffer is invalid or otherwise uncacheable.
4376  *
4377  *	bufdone does not mess with B_INVAL, allowing the I/O routine or the
4378  *	initiator to leave B_INVAL set to brelse the buffer out of existence
4379  *	in the biodone routine.
4380  */
4381 void
4382 bufdone(struct buf *bp)
4383 {
4384 	struct bufobj *dropobj;
4385 	void    (*biodone)(struct buf *);
4386 
4387 	buf_track(bp, __func__);
4388 	CTR3(KTR_BUF, "bufdone(%p) vp %p flags %X", bp, bp->b_vp, bp->b_flags);
4389 	dropobj = NULL;
4390 
4391 	KASSERT(!(bp->b_flags & B_DONE), ("biodone: bp %p already done", bp));
4392 
4393 	runningbufwakeup(bp);
4394 	if (bp->b_iocmd == BIO_WRITE)
4395 		dropobj = bp->b_bufobj;
4396 	/* call optional completion function if requested */
4397 	if (bp->b_iodone != NULL) {
4398 		biodone = bp->b_iodone;
4399 		bp->b_iodone = NULL;
4400 		(*biodone) (bp);
4401 		if (dropobj)
4402 			bufobj_wdrop(dropobj);
4403 		return;
4404 	}
4405 	if (bp->b_flags & B_VMIO) {
4406 		/*
4407 		 * Set B_CACHE if the op was a normal read and no error
4408 		 * occurred.  B_CACHE is set for writes in the b*write()
4409 		 * routines.
4410 		 */
4411 		if (bp->b_iocmd == BIO_READ &&
4412 		    !(bp->b_flags & (B_INVAL|B_NOCACHE)) &&
4413 		    !(bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR))
4414 			bp->b_flags |= B_CACHE;
4415 		vfs_vmio_iodone(bp);
4416 	}
4417 	if (!LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep))
4418 		buf_complete(bp);
4419 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_CKHASH) != 0) {
4420 		KASSERT(bp->b_iocmd == BIO_READ,
4421 		    ("bufdone: b_iocmd %d not BIO_READ", bp->b_iocmd));
4422 		KASSERT(buf_mapped(bp), ("bufdone: bp %p not mapped", bp));
4423 		(*bp->b_ckhashcalc)(bp);
4424 	}
4425 	/*
4426 	 * For asynchronous completions, release the buffer now. The brelse
4427 	 * will do a wakeup there if necessary - so no need to do a wakeup
4428 	 * here in the async case. The sync case always needs to do a wakeup.
4429 	 */
4430 	if (bp->b_flags & B_ASYNC) {
4431 		if ((bp->b_flags & (B_NOCACHE | B_INVAL | B_RELBUF)) ||
4432 		    (bp->b_ioflags & BIO_ERROR))
4433 			brelse(bp);
4434 		else
4435 			bqrelse(bp);
4436 	} else
4437 		bdone(bp);
4438 	if (dropobj)
4439 		bufobj_wdrop(dropobj);
4440 }
4441 
4442 /*
4443  * This routine is called in lieu of iodone in the case of
4444  * incomplete I/O.  This keeps the busy status for pages
4445  * consistent.
4446  */
4447 void
4448 vfs_unbusy_pages(struct buf *bp)
4449 {
4450 	int i;
4451 	vm_object_t obj;
4452 	vm_page_t m;
4453 
4454 	runningbufwakeup(bp);
4455 	if (!(bp->b_flags & B_VMIO))
4456 		return;
4457 
4458 	obj = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
4459 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
4460 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
4461 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
4462 		if (m == bogus_page) {
4463 			m = vm_page_lookup(obj, OFF_TO_IDX(bp->b_offset) + i);
4464 			if (!m)
4465 				panic("vfs_unbusy_pages: page missing\n");
4466 			bp->b_pages[i] = m;
4467 			if (buf_mapped(bp)) {
4468 				BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
4469 				pmap_qenter(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data),
4470 				    bp->b_pages, bp->b_npages);
4471 			} else
4472 				BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
4473 		}
4474 		vm_page_sunbusy(m);
4475 	}
4476 	vm_object_pip_wakeupn(obj, bp->b_npages);
4477 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
4478 }
4479 
4480 /*
4481  * vfs_page_set_valid:
4482  *
4483  *	Set the valid bits in a page based on the supplied offset.   The
4484  *	range is restricted to the buffer's size.
4485  *
4486  *	This routine is typically called after a read completes.
4487  */
4488 static void
4489 vfs_page_set_valid(struct buf *bp, vm_ooffset_t off, vm_page_t m)
4490 {
4491 	vm_ooffset_t eoff;
4492 
4493 	/*
4494 	 * Compute the end offset, eoff, such that [off, eoff) does not span a
4495 	 * page boundary and eoff is not greater than the end of the buffer.
4496 	 * The end of the buffer, in this case, is our file EOF, not the
4497 	 * allocation size of the buffer.
4498 	 */
4499 	eoff = (off + PAGE_SIZE) & ~(vm_ooffset_t)PAGE_MASK;
4500 	if (eoff > bp->b_offset + bp->b_bcount)
4501 		eoff = bp->b_offset + bp->b_bcount;
4502 
4503 	/*
4504 	 * Set valid range.  This is typically the entire buffer and thus the
4505 	 * entire page.
4506 	 */
4507 	if (eoff > off)
4508 		vm_page_set_valid_range(m, off & PAGE_MASK, eoff - off);
4509 }
4510 
4511 /*
4512  * vfs_page_set_validclean:
4513  *
4514  *	Set the valid bits and clear the dirty bits in a page based on the
4515  *	supplied offset.   The range is restricted to the buffer's size.
4516  */
4517 static void
4518 vfs_page_set_validclean(struct buf *bp, vm_ooffset_t off, vm_page_t m)
4519 {
4520 	vm_ooffset_t soff, eoff;
4521 
4522 	/*
4523 	 * Start and end offsets in buffer.  eoff - soff may not cross a
4524 	 * page boundary or cross the end of the buffer.  The end of the
4525 	 * buffer, in this case, is our file EOF, not the allocation size
4526 	 * of the buffer.
4527 	 */
4528 	soff = off;
4529 	eoff = (off + PAGE_SIZE) & ~(off_t)PAGE_MASK;
4530 	if (eoff > bp->b_offset + bp->b_bcount)
4531 		eoff = bp->b_offset + bp->b_bcount;
4532 
4533 	/*
4534 	 * Set valid range.  This is typically the entire buffer and thus the
4535 	 * entire page.
4536 	 */
4537 	if (eoff > soff) {
4538 		vm_page_set_validclean(
4539 		    m,
4540 		   (vm_offset_t) (soff & PAGE_MASK),
4541 		   (vm_offset_t) (eoff - soff)
4542 		);
4543 	}
4544 }
4545 
4546 /*
4547  * Ensure that all buffer pages are not exclusive busied.  If any page is
4548  * exclusive busy, drain it.
4549  */
4550 void
4551 vfs_drain_busy_pages(struct buf *bp)
4552 {
4553 	vm_page_t m;
4554 	int i, last_busied;
4555 
4556 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
4557 	last_busied = 0;
4558 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
4559 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
4560 		if (vm_page_xbusied(m)) {
4561 			for (; last_busied < i; last_busied++)
4562 				vm_page_sbusy(bp->b_pages[last_busied]);
4563 			while (vm_page_xbusied(m)) {
4564 				vm_page_sleep_if_xbusy(m, "vbpage");
4565 			}
4566 		}
4567 	}
4568 	for (i = 0; i < last_busied; i++)
4569 		vm_page_sunbusy(bp->b_pages[i]);
4570 }
4571 
4572 /*
4573  * This routine is called before a device strategy routine.
4574  * It is used to tell the VM system that paging I/O is in
4575  * progress, and treat the pages associated with the buffer
4576  * almost as being exclusive busy.  Also the object paging_in_progress
4577  * flag is handled to make sure that the object doesn't become
4578  * inconsistent.
4579  *
4580  * Since I/O has not been initiated yet, certain buffer flags
4581  * such as BIO_ERROR or B_INVAL may be in an inconsistent state
4582  * and should be ignored.
4583  */
4584 void
4585 vfs_busy_pages(struct buf *bp, int clear_modify)
4586 {
4587 	vm_object_t obj;
4588 	vm_ooffset_t foff;
4589 	vm_page_t m;
4590 	int i;
4591 	bool bogus;
4592 
4593 	if (!(bp->b_flags & B_VMIO))
4594 		return;
4595 
4596 	obj = bp->b_bufobj->bo_object;
4597 	foff = bp->b_offset;
4598 	KASSERT(bp->b_offset != NOOFFSET,
4599 	    ("vfs_busy_pages: no buffer offset"));
4600 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
4601 	vfs_drain_busy_pages(bp);
4602 	if (bp->b_bufsize != 0)
4603 		vfs_setdirty_locked_object(bp);
4604 	bogus = false;
4605 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
4606 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
4607 
4608 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_CLUSTER) == 0) {
4609 			vm_object_pip_add(obj, 1);
4610 			vm_page_sbusy(m);
4611 		}
4612 		/*
4613 		 * When readying a buffer for a read ( i.e
4614 		 * clear_modify == 0 ), it is important to do
4615 		 * bogus_page replacement for valid pages in
4616 		 * partially instantiated buffers.  Partially
4617 		 * instantiated buffers can, in turn, occur when
4618 		 * reconstituting a buffer from its VM backing store
4619 		 * base.  We only have to do this if B_CACHE is
4620 		 * clear ( which causes the I/O to occur in the
4621 		 * first place ).  The replacement prevents the read
4622 		 * I/O from overwriting potentially dirty VM-backed
4623 		 * pages.  XXX bogus page replacement is, uh, bogus.
4624 		 * It may not work properly with small-block devices.
4625 		 * We need to find a better way.
4626 		 */
4627 		if (clear_modify) {
4628 			pmap_remove_write(m);
4629 			vfs_page_set_validclean(bp, foff, m);
4630 		} else if (m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL &&
4631 		    (bp->b_flags & B_CACHE) == 0) {
4632 			bp->b_pages[i] = bogus_page;
4633 			bogus = true;
4634 		}
4635 		foff = (foff + PAGE_SIZE) & ~(off_t)PAGE_MASK;
4636 	}
4637 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
4638 	if (bogus && buf_mapped(bp)) {
4639 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
4640 		pmap_qenter(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data),
4641 		    bp->b_pages, bp->b_npages);
4642 	}
4643 }
4644 
4645 /*
4646  *	vfs_bio_set_valid:
4647  *
4648  *	Set the range within the buffer to valid.  The range is
4649  *	relative to the beginning of the buffer, b_offset.  Note that
4650  *	b_offset itself may be offset from the beginning of the first
4651  *	page.
4652  */
4653 void
4654 vfs_bio_set_valid(struct buf *bp, int base, int size)
4655 {
4656 	int i, n;
4657 	vm_page_t m;
4658 
4659 	if (!(bp->b_flags & B_VMIO))
4660 		return;
4661 
4662 	/*
4663 	 * Fixup base to be relative to beginning of first page.
4664 	 * Set initial n to be the maximum number of bytes in the
4665 	 * first page that can be validated.
4666 	 */
4667 	base += (bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK);
4668 	n = PAGE_SIZE - (base & PAGE_MASK);
4669 
4670 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
4671 	for (i = base / PAGE_SIZE; size > 0 && i < bp->b_npages; ++i) {
4672 		m = bp->b_pages[i];
4673 		if (n > size)
4674 			n = size;
4675 		vm_page_set_valid_range(m, base & PAGE_MASK, n);
4676 		base += n;
4677 		size -= n;
4678 		n = PAGE_SIZE;
4679 	}
4680 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
4681 }
4682 
4683 /*
4684  *	vfs_bio_clrbuf:
4685  *
4686  *	If the specified buffer is a non-VMIO buffer, clear the entire
4687  *	buffer.  If the specified buffer is a VMIO buffer, clear and
4688  *	validate only the previously invalid portions of the buffer.
4689  *	This routine essentially fakes an I/O, so we need to clear
4690  *	BIO_ERROR and B_INVAL.
4691  *
4692  *	Note that while we only theoretically need to clear through b_bcount,
4693  *	we go ahead and clear through b_bufsize.
4694  */
4695 void
4696 vfs_bio_clrbuf(struct buf *bp)
4697 {
4698 	int i, j, mask, sa, ea, slide;
4699 
4700 	if ((bp->b_flags & (B_VMIO | B_MALLOC)) != B_VMIO) {
4701 		clrbuf(bp);
4702 		return;
4703 	}
4704 	bp->b_flags &= ~B_INVAL;
4705 	bp->b_ioflags &= ~BIO_ERROR;
4706 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
4707 	if ((bp->b_npages == 1) && (bp->b_bufsize < PAGE_SIZE) &&
4708 	    (bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK) == 0) {
4709 		if (bp->b_pages[0] == bogus_page)
4710 			goto unlock;
4711 		mask = (1 << (bp->b_bufsize / DEV_BSIZE)) - 1;
4712 		VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(bp->b_pages[0]->object);
4713 		if ((bp->b_pages[0]->valid & mask) == mask)
4714 			goto unlock;
4715 		if ((bp->b_pages[0]->valid & mask) == 0) {
4716 			pmap_zero_page_area(bp->b_pages[0], 0, bp->b_bufsize);
4717 			bp->b_pages[0]->valid |= mask;
4718 			goto unlock;
4719 		}
4720 	}
4721 	sa = bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK;
4722 	slide = 0;
4723 	for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++, sa = 0) {
4724 		slide = imin(slide + PAGE_SIZE, bp->b_offset + bp->b_bufsize);
4725 		ea = slide & PAGE_MASK;
4726 		if (ea == 0)
4727 			ea = PAGE_SIZE;
4728 		if (bp->b_pages[i] == bogus_page)
4729 			continue;
4730 		j = sa / DEV_BSIZE;
4731 		mask = ((1 << ((ea - sa) / DEV_BSIZE)) - 1) << j;
4732 		VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(bp->b_pages[i]->object);
4733 		if ((bp->b_pages[i]->valid & mask) == mask)
4734 			continue;
4735 		if ((bp->b_pages[i]->valid & mask) == 0)
4736 			pmap_zero_page_area(bp->b_pages[i], sa, ea - sa);
4737 		else {
4738 			for (; sa < ea; sa += DEV_BSIZE, j++) {
4739 				if ((bp->b_pages[i]->valid & (1 << j)) == 0) {
4740 					pmap_zero_page_area(bp->b_pages[i],
4741 					    sa, DEV_BSIZE);
4742 				}
4743 			}
4744 		}
4745 		bp->b_pages[i]->valid |= mask;
4746 	}
4747 unlock:
4748 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(bp->b_bufobj->bo_object);
4749 	bp->b_resid = 0;
4750 }
4751 
4752 void
4753 vfs_bio_bzero_buf(struct buf *bp, int base, int size)
4754 {
4755 	vm_page_t m;
4756 	int i, n;
4757 
4758 	if (buf_mapped(bp)) {
4759 		BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
4760 		bzero(bp->b_data + base, size);
4761 	} else {
4762 		BUF_CHECK_UNMAPPED(bp);
4763 		n = PAGE_SIZE - (base & PAGE_MASK);
4764 		for (i = base / PAGE_SIZE; size > 0 && i < bp->b_npages; ++i) {
4765 			m = bp->b_pages[i];
4766 			if (n > size)
4767 				n = size;
4768 			pmap_zero_page_area(m, base & PAGE_MASK, n);
4769 			base += n;
4770 			size -= n;
4771 			n = PAGE_SIZE;
4772 		}
4773 	}
4774 }
4775 
4776 /*
4777  * Update buffer flags based on I/O request parameters, optionally releasing the
4778  * buffer.  If it's VMIO or direct I/O, the buffer pages are released to the VM,
4779  * where they may be placed on a page queue (VMIO) or freed immediately (direct
4780  * I/O).  Otherwise the buffer is released to the cache.
4781  */
4782 static void
4783 b_io_dismiss(struct buf *bp, int ioflag, bool release)
4784 {
4785 
4786 	KASSERT((ioflag & IO_NOREUSE) == 0 || (ioflag & IO_VMIO) != 0,
4787 	    ("buf %p non-VMIO noreuse", bp));
4788 
4789 	if ((ioflag & IO_DIRECT) != 0)
4790 		bp->b_flags |= B_DIRECT;
4791 	if ((ioflag & IO_EXT) != 0)
4792 		bp->b_xflags |= BX_ALTDATA;
4793 	if ((ioflag & (IO_VMIO | IO_DIRECT)) != 0 && LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep)) {
4794 		bp->b_flags |= B_RELBUF;
4795 		if ((ioflag & IO_NOREUSE) != 0)
4796 			bp->b_flags |= B_NOREUSE;
4797 		if (release)
4798 			brelse(bp);
4799 	} else if (release)
4800 		bqrelse(bp);
4801 }
4802 
4803 void
4804 vfs_bio_brelse(struct buf *bp, int ioflag)
4805 {
4806 
4807 	b_io_dismiss(bp, ioflag, true);
4808 }
4809 
4810 void
4811 vfs_bio_set_flags(struct buf *bp, int ioflag)
4812 {
4813 
4814 	b_io_dismiss(bp, ioflag, false);
4815 }
4816 
4817 /*
4818  * vm_hold_load_pages and vm_hold_free_pages get pages into
4819  * a buffers address space.  The pages are anonymous and are
4820  * not associated with a file object.
4821  */
4822 static void
4823 vm_hold_load_pages(struct buf *bp, vm_offset_t from, vm_offset_t to)
4824 {
4825 	vm_offset_t pg;
4826 	vm_page_t p;
4827 	int index;
4828 
4829 	BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
4830 
4831 	to = round_page(to);
4832 	from = round_page(from);
4833 	index = (from - trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
4834 
4835 	for (pg = from; pg < to; pg += PAGE_SIZE, index++) {
4836 		/*
4837 		 * note: must allocate system pages since blocking here
4838 		 * could interfere with paging I/O, no matter which
4839 		 * process we are.
4840 		 */
4841 		p = vm_page_alloc(NULL, 0, VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ |
4842 		    VM_ALLOC_WIRED | VM_ALLOC_COUNT((to - pg) >> PAGE_SHIFT) |
4843 		    VM_ALLOC_WAITOK);
4844 		pmap_qenter(pg, &p, 1);
4845 		bp->b_pages[index] = p;
4846 	}
4847 	bp->b_npages = index;
4848 }
4849 
4850 /* Return pages associated with this buf to the vm system */
4851 static void
4852 vm_hold_free_pages(struct buf *bp, int newbsize)
4853 {
4854 	vm_offset_t from;
4855 	vm_page_t p;
4856 	int index, newnpages;
4857 
4858 	BUF_CHECK_MAPPED(bp);
4859 
4860 	from = round_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data + newbsize);
4861 	newnpages = (from - trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
4862 	if (bp->b_npages > newnpages)
4863 		pmap_qremove(from, bp->b_npages - newnpages);
4864 	for (index = newnpages; index < bp->b_npages; index++) {
4865 		p = bp->b_pages[index];
4866 		bp->b_pages[index] = NULL;
4867 		vm_page_unwire_noq(p);
4868 		vm_page_free(p);
4869 	}
4870 	bp->b_npages = newnpages;
4871 }
4872 
4873 /*
4874  * Map an IO request into kernel virtual address space.
4875  *
4876  * All requests are (re)mapped into kernel VA space.
4877  * Notice that we use b_bufsize for the size of the buffer
4878  * to be mapped.  b_bcount might be modified by the driver.
4879  *
4880  * Note that even if the caller determines that the address space should
4881  * be valid, a race or a smaller-file mapped into a larger space may
4882  * actually cause vmapbuf() to fail, so all callers of vmapbuf() MUST
4883  * check the return value.
4884  *
4885  * This function only works with pager buffers.
4886  */
4887 int
4888 vmapbuf(struct buf *bp, int mapbuf)
4889 {
4890 	vm_prot_t prot;
4891 	int pidx;
4892 
4893 	if (bp->b_bufsize < 0)
4894 		return (-1);
4895 	prot = VM_PROT_READ;
4896 	if (bp->b_iocmd == BIO_READ)
4897 		prot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;	/* Less backwards than it looks */
4898 	if ((pidx = vm_fault_quick_hold_pages(&curproc->p_vmspace->vm_map,
4899 	    (vm_offset_t)bp->b_data, bp->b_bufsize, prot, bp->b_pages,
4900 	    btoc(MAXPHYS))) < 0)
4901 		return (-1);
4902 	bp->b_npages = pidx;
4903 	bp->b_offset = ((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data) & PAGE_MASK;
4904 	if (mapbuf || !unmapped_buf_allowed) {
4905 		pmap_qenter((vm_offset_t)bp->b_kvabase, bp->b_pages, pidx);
4906 		bp->b_data = bp->b_kvabase + bp->b_offset;
4907 	} else
4908 		bp->b_data = unmapped_buf;
4909 	return(0);
4910 }
4911 
4912 /*
4913  * Free the io map PTEs associated with this IO operation.
4914  * We also invalidate the TLB entries and restore the original b_addr.
4915  *
4916  * This function only works with pager buffers.
4917  */
4918 void
4919 vunmapbuf(struct buf *bp)
4920 {
4921 	int npages;
4922 
4923 	npages = bp->b_npages;
4924 	if (buf_mapped(bp))
4925 		pmap_qremove(trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data), npages);
4926 	vm_page_unhold_pages(bp->b_pages, npages);
4927 
4928 	bp->b_data = unmapped_buf;
4929 }
4930 
4931 void
4932 bdone(struct buf *bp)
4933 {
4934 	struct mtx *mtxp;
4935 
4936 	mtxp = mtx_pool_find(mtxpool_sleep, bp);
4937 	mtx_lock(mtxp);
4938 	bp->b_flags |= B_DONE;
4939 	wakeup(bp);
4940 	mtx_unlock(mtxp);
4941 }
4942 
4943 void
4944 bwait(struct buf *bp, u_char pri, const char *wchan)
4945 {
4946 	struct mtx *mtxp;
4947 
4948 	mtxp = mtx_pool_find(mtxpool_sleep, bp);
4949 	mtx_lock(mtxp);
4950 	while ((bp->b_flags & B_DONE) == 0)
4951 		msleep(bp, mtxp, pri, wchan, 0);
4952 	mtx_unlock(mtxp);
4953 }
4954 
4955 int
4956 bufsync(struct bufobj *bo, int waitfor)
4957 {
4958 
4959 	return (VOP_FSYNC(bo2vnode(bo), waitfor, curthread));
4960 }
4961 
4962 void
4963 bufstrategy(struct bufobj *bo, struct buf *bp)
4964 {
4965 	int i __unused;
4966 	struct vnode *vp;
4967 
4968 	vp = bp->b_vp;
4969 	KASSERT(vp == bo->bo_private, ("Inconsistent vnode bufstrategy"));
4970 	KASSERT(vp->v_type != VCHR && vp->v_type != VBLK,
4971 	    ("Wrong vnode in bufstrategy(bp=%p, vp=%p)", bp, vp));
4972 	i = VOP_STRATEGY(vp, bp);
4973 	KASSERT(i == 0, ("VOP_STRATEGY failed bp=%p vp=%p", bp, bp->b_vp));
4974 }
4975 
4976 /*
4977  * Initialize a struct bufobj before use.  Memory is assumed zero filled.
4978  */
4979 void
4980 bufobj_init(struct bufobj *bo, void *private)
4981 {
4982 	static volatile int bufobj_cleanq;
4983 
4984         bo->bo_domain =
4985             atomic_fetchadd_int(&bufobj_cleanq, 1) % buf_domains;
4986         rw_init(BO_LOCKPTR(bo), "bufobj interlock");
4987         bo->bo_private = private;
4988         TAILQ_INIT(&bo->bo_clean.bv_hd);
4989         TAILQ_INIT(&bo->bo_dirty.bv_hd);
4990 }
4991 
4992 void
4993 bufobj_wrefl(struct bufobj *bo)
4994 {
4995 
4996 	KASSERT(bo != NULL, ("NULL bo in bufobj_wref"));
4997 	ASSERT_BO_WLOCKED(bo);
4998 	bo->bo_numoutput++;
4999 }
5000 
5001 void
5002 bufobj_wref(struct bufobj *bo)
5003 {
5004 
5005 	KASSERT(bo != NULL, ("NULL bo in bufobj_wref"));
5006 	BO_LOCK(bo);
5007 	bo->bo_numoutput++;
5008 	BO_UNLOCK(bo);
5009 }
5010 
5011 void
5012 bufobj_wdrop(struct bufobj *bo)
5013 {
5014 
5015 	KASSERT(bo != NULL, ("NULL bo in bufobj_wdrop"));
5016 	BO_LOCK(bo);
5017 	KASSERT(bo->bo_numoutput > 0, ("bufobj_wdrop non-positive count"));
5018 	if ((--bo->bo_numoutput == 0) && (bo->bo_flag & BO_WWAIT)) {
5019 		bo->bo_flag &= ~BO_WWAIT;
5020 		wakeup(&bo->bo_numoutput);
5021 	}
5022 	BO_UNLOCK(bo);
5023 }
5024 
5025 int
5026 bufobj_wwait(struct bufobj *bo, int slpflag, int timeo)
5027 {
5028 	int error;
5029 
5030 	KASSERT(bo != NULL, ("NULL bo in bufobj_wwait"));
5031 	ASSERT_BO_WLOCKED(bo);
5032 	error = 0;
5033 	while (bo->bo_numoutput) {
5034 		bo->bo_flag |= BO_WWAIT;
5035 		error = msleep(&bo->bo_numoutput, BO_LOCKPTR(bo),
5036 		    slpflag | (PRIBIO + 1), "bo_wwait", timeo);
5037 		if (error)
5038 			break;
5039 	}
5040 	return (error);
5041 }
5042 
5043 /*
5044  * Set bio_data or bio_ma for struct bio from the struct buf.
5045  */
5046 void
5047 bdata2bio(struct buf *bp, struct bio *bip)
5048 {
5049 
5050 	if (!buf_mapped(bp)) {
5051 		KASSERT(unmapped_buf_allowed, ("unmapped"));
5052 		bip->bio_ma = bp->b_pages;
5053 		bip->bio_ma_n = bp->b_npages;
5054 		bip->bio_data = unmapped_buf;
5055 		bip->bio_ma_offset = (vm_offset_t)bp->b_offset & PAGE_MASK;
5056 		bip->bio_flags |= BIO_UNMAPPED;
5057 		KASSERT(round_page(bip->bio_ma_offset + bip->bio_length) /
5058 		    PAGE_SIZE == bp->b_npages,
5059 		    ("Buffer %p too short: %d %lld %d", bp, bip->bio_ma_offset,
5060 		    (long long)bip->bio_length, bip->bio_ma_n));
5061 	} else {
5062 		bip->bio_data = bp->b_data;
5063 		bip->bio_ma = NULL;
5064 	}
5065 }
5066 
5067 /*
5068  * The MIPS pmap code currently doesn't handle aliased pages.
5069  * The VIPT caches may not handle page aliasing themselves, leading
5070  * to data corruption.
5071  *
5072  * As such, this code makes a system extremely unhappy if said
5073  * system doesn't support unaliasing the above situation in hardware.
5074  * Some "recent" systems (eg some mips24k/mips74k cores) don't enable
5075  * this feature at build time, so it has to be handled in software.
5076  *
5077  * Once the MIPS pmap/cache code grows to support this function on
5078  * earlier chips, it should be flipped back off.
5079  */
5080 #ifdef	__mips__
5081 static int buf_pager_relbuf = 1;
5082 #else
5083 static int buf_pager_relbuf = 0;
5084 #endif
5085 SYSCTL_INT(_vfs, OID_AUTO, buf_pager_relbuf, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
5086     &buf_pager_relbuf, 0,
5087     "Make buffer pager release buffers after reading");
5088 
5089 /*
5090  * The buffer pager.  It uses buffer reads to validate pages.
5091  *
5092  * In contrast to the generic local pager from vm/vnode_pager.c, this
5093  * pager correctly and easily handles volumes where the underlying
5094  * device block size is greater than the machine page size.  The
5095  * buffer cache transparently extends the requested page run to be
5096  * aligned at the block boundary, and does the necessary bogus page
5097  * replacements in the addends to avoid obliterating already valid
5098  * pages.
5099  *
5100  * The only non-trivial issue is that the exclusive busy state for
5101  * pages, which is assumed by the vm_pager_getpages() interface, is
5102  * incompatible with the VMIO buffer cache's desire to share-busy the
5103  * pages.  This function performs a trivial downgrade of the pages'
5104  * state before reading buffers, and a less trivial upgrade from the
5105  * shared-busy to excl-busy state after the read.
5106  */
5107 int
5108 vfs_bio_getpages(struct vnode *vp, vm_page_t *ma, int count,
5109     int *rbehind, int *rahead, vbg_get_lblkno_t get_lblkno,
5110     vbg_get_blksize_t get_blksize)
5111 {
5112 	vm_page_t m;
5113 	vm_object_t object;
5114 	struct buf *bp;
5115 	struct mount *mp;
5116 	daddr_t lbn, lbnp;
5117 	vm_ooffset_t la, lb, poff, poffe;
5118 	long bsize;
5119 	int bo_bs, br_flags, error, i, pgsin, pgsin_a, pgsin_b;
5120 	bool redo, lpart;
5121 
5122 	object = vp->v_object;
5123 	mp = vp->v_mount;
5124 	error = 0;
5125 	la = IDX_TO_OFF(ma[count - 1]->pindex);
5126 	if (la >= object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size)
5127 		return (VM_PAGER_BAD);
5128 
5129 	/*
5130 	 * Change the meaning of la from where the last requested page starts
5131 	 * to where it ends, because that's the end of the requested region
5132 	 * and the start of the potential read-ahead region.
5133 	 */
5134 	la += PAGE_SIZE;
5135 	lpart = la > object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size;
5136 	bo_bs = get_blksize(vp, get_lblkno(vp, IDX_TO_OFF(ma[0]->pindex)));
5137 
5138 	/*
5139 	 * Calculate read-ahead, behind and total pages.
5140 	 */
5141 	pgsin = count;
5142 	lb = IDX_TO_OFF(ma[0]->pindex);
5143 	pgsin_b = OFF_TO_IDX(lb - rounddown2(lb, bo_bs));
5144 	pgsin += pgsin_b;
5145 	if (rbehind != NULL)
5146 		*rbehind = pgsin_b;
5147 	pgsin_a = OFF_TO_IDX(roundup2(la, bo_bs) - la);
5148 	if (la + IDX_TO_OFF(pgsin_a) >= object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size)
5149 		pgsin_a = OFF_TO_IDX(roundup2(object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size,
5150 		    PAGE_SIZE) - la);
5151 	pgsin += pgsin_a;
5152 	if (rahead != NULL)
5153 		*rahead = pgsin_a;
5154 	VM_CNT_INC(v_vnodein);
5155 	VM_CNT_ADD(v_vnodepgsin, pgsin);
5156 
5157 	br_flags = (mp != NULL && (mp->mnt_kern_flag & MNTK_UNMAPPED_BUFS)
5158 	    != 0) ? GB_UNMAPPED : 0;
5159 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
5160 again:
5161 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
5162 		vm_page_busy_downgrade(ma[i]);
5163 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
5164 
5165 	lbnp = -1;
5166 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
5167 		m = ma[i];
5168 
5169 		/*
5170 		 * Pages are shared busy and the object lock is not
5171 		 * owned, which together allow for the pages'
5172 		 * invalidation.  The racy test for validity avoids
5173 		 * useless creation of the buffer for the most typical
5174 		 * case when invalidation is not used in redo or for
5175 		 * parallel read.  The shared->excl upgrade loop at
5176 		 * the end of the function catches the race in a
5177 		 * reliable way (protected by the object lock).
5178 		 */
5179 		if (m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
5180 			continue;
5181 
5182 		poff = IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex);
5183 		poffe = MIN(poff + PAGE_SIZE, object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size);
5184 		for (; poff < poffe; poff += bsize) {
5185 			lbn = get_lblkno(vp, poff);
5186 			if (lbn == lbnp)
5187 				goto next_page;
5188 			lbnp = lbn;
5189 
5190 			bsize = get_blksize(vp, lbn);
5191 			error = bread_gb(vp, lbn, bsize, curthread->td_ucred,
5192 			    br_flags, &bp);
5193 			if (error != 0)
5194 				goto end_pages;
5195 			if (LIST_EMPTY(&bp->b_dep)) {
5196 				/*
5197 				 * Invalidation clears m->valid, but
5198 				 * may leave B_CACHE flag if the
5199 				 * buffer existed at the invalidation
5200 				 * time.  In this case, recycle the
5201 				 * buffer to do real read on next
5202 				 * bread() after redo.
5203 				 *
5204 				 * Otherwise B_RELBUF is not strictly
5205 				 * necessary, enable to reduce buf
5206 				 * cache pressure.
5207 				 */
5208 				if (buf_pager_relbuf ||
5209 				    m->valid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
5210 					bp->b_flags |= B_RELBUF;
5211 
5212 				bp->b_flags &= ~B_NOCACHE;
5213 				brelse(bp);
5214 			} else {
5215 				bqrelse(bp);
5216 			}
5217 		}
5218 		KASSERT(1 /* racy, enable for debugging */ ||
5219 		    m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL || i == count - 1,
5220 		    ("buf %d %p invalid", i, m));
5221 		if (i == count - 1 && lpart) {
5222 			VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
5223 			if (m->valid != 0 &&
5224 			    m->valid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
5225 				vm_page_zero_invalid(m, TRUE);
5226 			VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
5227 		}
5228 next_page:;
5229 	}
5230 end_pages:
5231 
5232 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
5233 	redo = false;
5234 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
5235 		vm_page_sunbusy(ma[i]);
5236 		ma[i] = vm_page_grab(object, ma[i]->pindex, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL);
5237 
5238 		/*
5239 		 * Since the pages were only sbusy while neither the
5240 		 * buffer nor the object lock was held by us, or
5241 		 * reallocated while vm_page_grab() slept for busy
5242 		 * relinguish, they could have been invalidated.
5243 		 * Recheck the valid bits and re-read as needed.
5244 		 *
5245 		 * Note that the last page is made fully valid in the
5246 		 * read loop, and partial validity for the page at
5247 		 * index count - 1 could mean that the page was
5248 		 * invalidated or removed, so we must restart for
5249 		 * safety as well.
5250 		 */
5251 		if (ma[i]->valid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
5252 			redo = true;
5253 	}
5254 	if (redo && error == 0)
5255 		goto again;
5256 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
5257 	return (error != 0 ? VM_PAGER_ERROR : VM_PAGER_OK);
5258 }
5259 
5260 #include "opt_ddb.h"
5261 #ifdef DDB
5262 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
5263 
5264 /* DDB command to show buffer data */
5265 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(buffer, db_show_buffer)
5266 {
5267 	/* get args */
5268 	struct buf *bp = (struct buf *)addr;
5269 #ifdef FULL_BUF_TRACKING
5270 	uint32_t i, j;
5271 #endif
5272 
5273 	if (!have_addr) {
5274 		db_printf("usage: show buffer <addr>\n");
5275 		return;
5276 	}
5277 
5278 	db_printf("buf at %p\n", bp);
5279 	db_printf("b_flags = 0x%b, b_xflags=0x%b\n",
5280 	    (u_int)bp->b_flags, PRINT_BUF_FLAGS,
5281 	    (u_int)bp->b_xflags, PRINT_BUF_XFLAGS);
5282 	db_printf("b_vflags=0x%b b_ioflags0x%b\n",
5283 	    (u_int)bp->b_vflags, PRINT_BUF_VFLAGS,
5284 	    (u_int)bp->b_ioflags, PRINT_BIO_FLAGS);
5285 	db_printf(
5286 	    "b_error = %d, b_bufsize = %ld, b_bcount = %ld, b_resid = %ld\n"
5287 	    "b_bufobj = (%p), b_data = %p\n, b_blkno = %jd, b_lblkno = %jd, "
5288 	    "b_vp = %p, b_dep = %p\n",
5289 	    bp->b_error, bp->b_bufsize, bp->b_bcount, bp->b_resid,
5290 	    bp->b_bufobj, bp->b_data, (intmax_t)bp->b_blkno,
5291 	    (intmax_t)bp->b_lblkno, bp->b_vp, bp->b_dep.lh_first);
5292 	db_printf("b_kvabase = %p, b_kvasize = %d\n",
5293 	    bp->b_kvabase, bp->b_kvasize);
5294 	if (bp->b_npages) {
5295 		int i;
5296 		db_printf("b_npages = %d, pages(OBJ, IDX, PA): ", bp->b_npages);
5297 		for (i = 0; i < bp->b_npages; i++) {
5298 			vm_page_t m;
5299 			m = bp->b_pages[i];
5300 			if (m != NULL)
5301 				db_printf("(%p, 0x%lx, 0x%lx)", m->object,
5302 				    (u_long)m->pindex,
5303 				    (u_long)VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
5304 			else
5305 				db_printf("( ??? )");
5306 			if ((i + 1) < bp->b_npages)
5307 				db_printf(",");
5308 		}
5309 		db_printf("\n");
5310 	}
5311 	BUF_LOCKPRINTINFO(bp);
5312 #if defined(FULL_BUF_TRACKING)
5313 	db_printf("b_io_tracking: b_io_tcnt = %u\n", bp->b_io_tcnt);
5314 
5315 	i = bp->b_io_tcnt % BUF_TRACKING_SIZE;
5316 	for (j = 1; j <= BUF_TRACKING_SIZE; j++) {
5317 		if (bp->b_io_tracking[BUF_TRACKING_ENTRY(i - j)] == NULL)
5318 			continue;
5319 		db_printf(" %2u: %s\n", j,
5320 		    bp->b_io_tracking[BUF_TRACKING_ENTRY(i - j)]);
5321 	}
5322 #elif defined(BUF_TRACKING)
5323 	db_printf("b_io_tracking: %s\n", bp->b_io_tracking);
5324 #endif
5325 	db_printf(" ");
5326 }
5327 
5328 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(bufqueues, bufqueues)
5329 {
5330 	struct bufdomain *bd;
5331 	struct buf *bp;
5332 	long total;
5333 	int i, j, cnt;
5334 
5335 	db_printf("bqempty: %d\n", bqempty.bq_len);
5336 
5337 	for (i = 0; i < buf_domains; i++) {
5338 		bd = &bdomain[i];
5339 		db_printf("Buf domain %d\n", i);
5340 		db_printf("\tfreebufs\t%d\n", bd->bd_freebuffers);
5341 		db_printf("\tlofreebufs\t%d\n", bd->bd_lofreebuffers);
5342 		db_printf("\thifreebufs\t%d\n", bd->bd_hifreebuffers);
5343 		db_printf("\n");
5344 		db_printf("\tbufspace\t%ld\n", bd->bd_bufspace);
5345 		db_printf("\tmaxbufspace\t%ld\n", bd->bd_maxbufspace);
5346 		db_printf("\thibufspace\t%ld\n", bd->bd_hibufspace);
5347 		db_printf("\tlobufspace\t%ld\n", bd->bd_lobufspace);
5348 		db_printf("\tbufspacethresh\t%ld\n", bd->bd_bufspacethresh);
5349 		db_printf("\n");
5350 		db_printf("\tnumdirtybuffers\t%d\n", bd->bd_numdirtybuffers);
5351 		db_printf("\tlodirtybuffers\t%d\n", bd->bd_lodirtybuffers);
5352 		db_printf("\thidirtybuffers\t%d\n", bd->bd_hidirtybuffers);
5353 		db_printf("\tdirtybufthresh\t%d\n", bd->bd_dirtybufthresh);
5354 		db_printf("\n");
5355 		total = 0;
5356 		TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &bd->bd_cleanq->bq_queue, b_freelist)
5357 			total += bp->b_bufsize;
5358 		db_printf("\tcleanq count\t%d (%ld)\n",
5359 		    bd->bd_cleanq->bq_len, total);
5360 		total = 0;
5361 		TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &bd->bd_dirtyq.bq_queue, b_freelist)
5362 			total += bp->b_bufsize;
5363 		db_printf("\tdirtyq count\t%d (%ld)\n",
5364 		    bd->bd_dirtyq.bq_len, total);
5365 		db_printf("\twakeup\t\t%d\n", bd->bd_wanted);
5366 		db_printf("\tlim\t\t%d\n", bd->bd_lim);
5367 		db_printf("\tCPU ");
5368 		for (j = 0; j <= mp_maxid; j++)
5369 			db_printf("%d, ", bd->bd_subq[j].bq_len);
5370 		db_printf("\n");
5371 		cnt = 0;
5372 		total = 0;
5373 		for (j = 0; j < nbuf; j++)
5374 			if (buf[j].b_domain == i && BUF_ISLOCKED(&buf[j])) {
5375 				cnt++;
5376 				total += buf[j].b_bufsize;
5377 			}
5378 		db_printf("\tLocked buffers: %d space %ld\n", cnt, total);
5379 		cnt = 0;
5380 		total = 0;
5381 		for (j = 0; j < nbuf; j++)
5382 			if (buf[j].b_domain == i) {
5383 				cnt++;
5384 				total += buf[j].b_bufsize;
5385 			}
5386 		db_printf("\tTotal buffers: %d space %ld\n", cnt, total);
5387 	}
5388 }
5389 
5390 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(lockedbufs, lockedbufs)
5391 {
5392 	struct buf *bp;
5393 	int i;
5394 
5395 	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
5396 		bp = &buf[i];
5397 		if (BUF_ISLOCKED(bp)) {
5398 			db_show_buffer((uintptr_t)bp, 1, 0, NULL);
5399 			db_printf("\n");
5400 			if (db_pager_quit)
5401 				break;
5402 		}
5403 	}
5404 }
5405 
5406 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(vnodebufs, db_show_vnodebufs)
5407 {
5408 	struct vnode *vp;
5409 	struct buf *bp;
5410 
5411 	if (!have_addr) {
5412 		db_printf("usage: show vnodebufs <addr>\n");
5413 		return;
5414 	}
5415 	vp = (struct vnode *)addr;
5416 	db_printf("Clean buffers:\n");
5417 	TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &vp->v_bufobj.bo_clean.bv_hd, b_bobufs) {
5418 		db_show_buffer((uintptr_t)bp, 1, 0, NULL);
5419 		db_printf("\n");
5420 	}
5421 	db_printf("Dirty buffers:\n");
5422 	TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &vp->v_bufobj.bo_dirty.bv_hd, b_bobufs) {
5423 		db_show_buffer((uintptr_t)bp, 1, 0, NULL);
5424 		db_printf("\n");
5425 	}
5426 }
5427 
5428 DB_COMMAND(countfreebufs, db_coundfreebufs)
5429 {
5430 	struct buf *bp;
5431 	int i, used = 0, nfree = 0;
5432 
5433 	if (have_addr) {
5434 		db_printf("usage: countfreebufs\n");
5435 		return;
5436 	}
5437 
5438 	for (i = 0; i < nbuf; i++) {
5439 		bp = &buf[i];
5440 		if (bp->b_qindex == QUEUE_EMPTY)
5441 			nfree++;
5442 		else
5443 			used++;
5444 	}
5445 
5446 	db_printf("Counted %d free, %d used (%d tot)\n", nfree, used,
5447 	    nfree + used);
5448 	db_printf("numfreebuffers is %d\n", numfreebuffers);
5449 }
5450 #endif /* DDB */
5451