xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/subr_pctrie.c (revision 43e29d03f416d7dda52112a29600a7c82ee1a91e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2013 EMC Corp.
5  * Copyright (c) 2011 Jeffrey Roberson <jeff@freebsd.org>
6  * Copyright (c) 2008 Mayur Shardul <mayur.shardul@gmail.com>
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
22  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
23  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
24  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
25  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
26  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
27  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28  * SUCH DAMAGE.
29  *
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Path-compressed radix trie implementation.
34  *
35  * The implementation takes into account the following rationale:
36  * - Size of the nodes should be as small as possible but still big enough
37  *   to avoid a large maximum depth for the trie.  This is a balance
38  *   between the necessity to not wire too much physical memory for the nodes
39  *   and the necessity to avoid too much cache pollution during the trie
40  *   operations.
41  * - There is not a huge bias toward the number of lookup operations over
42  *   the number of insert and remove operations.  This basically implies
43  *   that optimizations supposedly helping one operation but hurting the
44  *   other might be carefully evaluated.
45  * - On average not many nodes are expected to be fully populated, hence
46  *   level compression may just complicate things.
47  */
48 
49 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
50 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
51 
52 #include "opt_ddb.h"
53 
54 #include <sys/param.h>
55 #include <sys/systm.h>
56 #include <sys/kernel.h>
57 #include <sys/libkern.h>
58 #include <sys/pctrie.h>
59 #include <sys/proc.h>	/* smr.h depends on struct thread. */
60 #include <sys/smr.h>
61 #include <sys/smr_types.h>
62 
63 #ifdef DDB
64 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
65 #endif
66 
67 #define	PCTRIE_MASK	(PCTRIE_COUNT - 1)
68 #define	PCTRIE_LIMIT	(howmany(sizeof(uint64_t) * NBBY, PCTRIE_WIDTH) - 1)
69 
70 #if PCTRIE_WIDTH == 3
71 typedef uint8_t pn_popmap_t;
72 #elif PCTRIE_WIDTH == 4
73 typedef uint16_t pn_popmap_t;
74 #elif PCTRIE_WIDTH == 5
75 typedef uint32_t pn_popmap_t;
76 #else
77 #error Unsupported width
78 #endif
79 _Static_assert(sizeof(pn_popmap_t) <= sizeof(int),
80     "pn_popmap_t too wide");
81 
82 /* Flag bits stored in node pointers. */
83 #define	PCTRIE_ISLEAF	0x1
84 #define	PCTRIE_FLAGS	0x1
85 #define	PCTRIE_PAD	PCTRIE_FLAGS
86 
87 /* Returns one unit associated with specified level. */
88 #define	PCTRIE_UNITLEVEL(lev)						\
89 	((uint64_t)1 << ((lev) * PCTRIE_WIDTH))
90 
91 struct pctrie_node;
92 typedef SMR_POINTER(struct pctrie_node *) smr_pctnode_t;
93 
94 struct pctrie_node {
95 	uint64_t	pn_owner;			/* Owner of record. */
96 	pn_popmap_t	pn_popmap;			/* Valid children. */
97 	uint8_t		pn_clev;			/* Current level. */
98 	smr_pctnode_t	pn_child[PCTRIE_COUNT];		/* Child nodes. */
99 };
100 
101 enum pctrie_access { PCTRIE_SMR, PCTRIE_LOCKED, PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED };
102 
103 static __inline void pctrie_node_store(smr_pctnode_t *p, void *val,
104     enum pctrie_access access);
105 
106 /*
107  * Return the position in the array for a given level.
108  */
109 static __inline int
110 pctrie_slot(uint64_t index, uint16_t level)
111 {
112 	return ((index >> (level * PCTRIE_WIDTH)) & PCTRIE_MASK);
113 }
114 
115 /* Computes the key (index) with the low-order 'level' radix-digits zeroed. */
116 static __inline uint64_t
117 pctrie_trimkey(uint64_t index, uint16_t level)
118 {
119 	return (index & -PCTRIE_UNITLEVEL(level));
120 }
121 
122 /*
123  * Allocate a node.  Pre-allocation should ensure that the request
124  * will always be satisfied.
125  */
126 static struct pctrie_node *
127 pctrie_node_get(struct pctrie *ptree, pctrie_alloc_t allocfn, uint64_t index,
128     uint16_t clevel)
129 {
130 	struct pctrie_node *node;
131 
132 	node = allocfn(ptree);
133 	if (node == NULL)
134 		return (NULL);
135 
136 	/*
137 	 * We want to clear the last child pointer after the final section
138 	 * has exited so lookup can not return false negatives.  It is done
139 	 * here because it will be cache-cold in the dtor callback.
140 	 */
141 	if (node->pn_popmap != 0) {
142 		pctrie_node_store(&node->pn_child[ffs(node->pn_popmap) - 1],
143 		    NULL, PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
144 		node->pn_popmap = 0;
145 	}
146 	node->pn_owner = pctrie_trimkey(index, clevel + 1);
147 	node->pn_clev = clevel;
148 	return (node);
149 }
150 
151 /*
152  * Free radix node.
153  */
154 static __inline void
155 pctrie_node_put(struct pctrie *ptree, struct pctrie_node *node,
156     pctrie_free_t freefn)
157 {
158 #ifdef INVARIANTS
159 	int slot;
160 
161 	KASSERT(powerof2(node->pn_popmap),
162 	    ("pctrie_node_put: node %p has too many children %04x", node,
163 	    node->pn_popmap));
164 	for (slot = 0; slot < PCTRIE_COUNT; slot++) {
165 		if ((node->pn_popmap & (1 << slot)) != 0)
166 			continue;
167 		KASSERT(smr_unserialized_load(&node->pn_child[slot], true) ==
168 		    NULL, ("pctrie_node_put: node %p has a child", node));
169 	}
170 #endif
171 	freefn(ptree, node);
172 }
173 
174 /*
175  * Fetch a node pointer from a slot.
176  */
177 static __inline struct pctrie_node *
178 pctrie_node_load(smr_pctnode_t *p, smr_t smr, enum pctrie_access access)
179 {
180 	switch (access) {
181 	case PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED:
182 		return (smr_unserialized_load(p, true));
183 	case PCTRIE_LOCKED:
184 		return (smr_serialized_load(p, true));
185 	case PCTRIE_SMR:
186 		return (smr_entered_load(p, smr));
187 	}
188 	__assert_unreachable();
189 }
190 
191 static __inline void
192 pctrie_node_store(smr_pctnode_t *p, void *v, enum pctrie_access access)
193 {
194 	switch (access) {
195 	case PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED:
196 		smr_unserialized_store(p, v, true);
197 		break;
198 	case PCTRIE_LOCKED:
199 		smr_serialized_store(p, v, true);
200 		break;
201 	case PCTRIE_SMR:
202 		panic("%s: Not supported in SMR section.", __func__);
203 		break;
204 	default:
205 		__assert_unreachable();
206 		break;
207 	}
208 }
209 
210 /*
211  * Get the root node for a tree.
212  */
213 static __inline struct pctrie_node *
214 pctrie_root_load(struct pctrie *ptree, smr_t smr, enum pctrie_access access)
215 {
216 	return (pctrie_node_load((smr_pctnode_t *)&ptree->pt_root, smr, access));
217 }
218 
219 /*
220  * Set the root node for a tree.
221  */
222 static __inline void
223 pctrie_root_store(struct pctrie *ptree, struct pctrie_node *node,
224     enum pctrie_access access)
225 {
226 	pctrie_node_store((smr_pctnode_t *)&ptree->pt_root, node, access);
227 }
228 
229 /*
230  * Returns TRUE if the specified node is a leaf and FALSE otherwise.
231  */
232 static __inline bool
233 pctrie_isleaf(struct pctrie_node *node)
234 {
235 
236 	return (((uintptr_t)node & PCTRIE_ISLEAF) != 0);
237 }
238 
239 /*
240  * Returns val with leaf bit set.
241  */
242 static __inline void *
243 pctrie_toleaf(uint64_t *val)
244 {
245 	return ((void *)((uintptr_t)val | PCTRIE_ISLEAF));
246 }
247 
248 /*
249  * Returns the associated val extracted from node.
250  */
251 static __inline uint64_t *
252 pctrie_toval(struct pctrie_node *node)
253 {
254 
255 	return ((uint64_t *)((uintptr_t)node & ~PCTRIE_FLAGS));
256 }
257 
258 /*
259  * Adds the val as a child of the provided node.
260  */
261 static __inline void
262 pctrie_addval(struct pctrie_node *node, uint64_t index, uint16_t clev,
263     uint64_t *val, enum pctrie_access access)
264 {
265 	int slot;
266 
267 	slot = pctrie_slot(index, clev);
268 	pctrie_node_store(&node->pn_child[slot],
269 	    pctrie_toleaf(val), access);
270 	node->pn_popmap ^= 1 << slot;
271 	KASSERT((node->pn_popmap & (1 << slot)) != 0,
272 	    ("%s: bad popmap slot %d in node %p", __func__, slot, node));
273 }
274 
275 /*
276  * Returns the level where two keys differ.
277  * It cannot accept 2 equal keys.
278  */
279 static __inline uint16_t
280 pctrie_keydiff(uint64_t index1, uint64_t index2)
281 {
282 
283 	KASSERT(index1 != index2, ("%s: passing the same key value %jx",
284 	    __func__, (uintmax_t)index1));
285 	CTASSERT(sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(uint64_t));
286 
287 	/*
288 	 * From the highest-order bit where the indexes differ,
289 	 * compute the highest level in the trie where they differ.
290 	 */
291 	return ((flsll(index1 ^ index2) - 1) / PCTRIE_WIDTH);
292 }
293 
294 /*
295  * Returns TRUE if it can be determined that key does not belong to the
296  * specified node.  Otherwise, returns FALSE.
297  */
298 static __inline bool
299 pctrie_keybarr(struct pctrie_node *node, uint64_t idx)
300 {
301 
302 	if (node->pn_clev < PCTRIE_LIMIT) {
303 		idx = pctrie_trimkey(idx, node->pn_clev + 1);
304 		return (idx != node->pn_owner);
305 	}
306 	return (false);
307 }
308 
309 /*
310  * Internal helper for pctrie_reclaim_allnodes().
311  * This function is recursive.
312  */
313 static void
314 pctrie_reclaim_allnodes_int(struct pctrie *ptree, struct pctrie_node *node,
315     pctrie_free_t freefn)
316 {
317 	struct pctrie_node *child;
318 	int slot;
319 
320 	while (node->pn_popmap != 0) {
321 		slot = ffs(node->pn_popmap) - 1;
322 		child = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
323 		    PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
324 		KASSERT(child != NULL, ("%s: bad popmap slot %d in node %p",
325 		    __func__, slot, node));
326 		if (!pctrie_isleaf(child))
327 			pctrie_reclaim_allnodes_int(ptree, child, freefn);
328 		node->pn_popmap ^= 1 << slot;
329 		pctrie_node_store(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
330 		    PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
331 	}
332 	pctrie_node_put(ptree, node, freefn);
333 }
334 
335 /*
336  * pctrie node zone initializer.
337  */
338 int
339 pctrie_zone_init(void *mem, int size __unused, int flags __unused)
340 {
341 	struct pctrie_node *node;
342 
343 	node = mem;
344 	node->pn_popmap = 0;
345 	memset(node->pn_child, 0, sizeof(node->pn_child));
346 	return (0);
347 }
348 
349 size_t
350 pctrie_node_size(void)
351 {
352 
353 	return (sizeof(struct pctrie_node));
354 }
355 
356 /*
357  * Inserts the key-value pair into the trie.
358  * Panics if the key already exists.
359  */
360 int
361 pctrie_insert(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t *val, pctrie_alloc_t allocfn)
362 {
363 	uint64_t index, newind;
364 	struct pctrie_node *node, *tmp;
365 	smr_pctnode_t *parentp;
366 	uint64_t *m;
367 	int slot;
368 	uint16_t clev;
369 
370 	index = *val;
371 
372 	/*
373 	 * The owner of record for root is not really important because it
374 	 * will never be used.
375 	 */
376 	node = pctrie_root_load(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
377 	if (node == NULL) {
378 		ptree->pt_root = (uintptr_t)pctrie_toleaf(val);
379 		return (0);
380 	}
381 	parentp = (smr_pctnode_t *)&ptree->pt_root;
382 	for (;;) {
383 		if (pctrie_isleaf(node)) {
384 			m = pctrie_toval(node);
385 			if (*m == index)
386 				panic("%s: key %jx is already present",
387 				    __func__, (uintmax_t)index);
388 			clev = pctrie_keydiff(*m, index);
389 			tmp = pctrie_node_get(ptree, allocfn, index, clev);
390 			if (tmp == NULL)
391 				return (ENOMEM);
392 			/* These writes are not yet visible due to ordering. */
393 			pctrie_addval(tmp, index, clev, val,
394 			    PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
395 			pctrie_addval(tmp, *m, clev, m, PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
396 			/* Synchronize to make leaf visible. */
397 			pctrie_node_store(parentp, tmp, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
398 			return (0);
399 		} else if (pctrie_keybarr(node, index))
400 			break;
401 		slot = pctrie_slot(index, node->pn_clev);
402 		parentp = &node->pn_child[slot];
403 		tmp = pctrie_node_load(parentp, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
404 		if (tmp == NULL) {
405 			pctrie_addval(node, index, node->pn_clev, val,
406 			    PCTRIE_LOCKED);
407 			return (0);
408 		}
409 		node = tmp;
410 	}
411 
412 	/*
413 	 * A new node is needed because the right insertion level is reached.
414 	 * Setup the new intermediate node and add the 2 children: the
415 	 * new object and the older edge.
416 	 */
417 	newind = node->pn_owner;
418 	clev = pctrie_keydiff(newind, index);
419 	tmp = pctrie_node_get(ptree, allocfn, index, clev);
420 	if (tmp == NULL)
421 		return (ENOMEM);
422 	slot = pctrie_slot(newind, clev);
423 	/* These writes are not yet visible due to ordering. */
424 	pctrie_addval(tmp, index, clev, val, PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
425 	pctrie_node_store(&tmp->pn_child[slot], node, PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
426 	tmp->pn_popmap ^= 1 << slot;
427 	/* Synchronize to make the above visible. */
428 	pctrie_node_store(parentp, tmp, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
429 
430 	return (0);
431 }
432 
433 /*
434  * Returns the value stored at the index.  If the index is not present,
435  * NULL is returned.
436  */
437 static __always_inline uint64_t *
438 _pctrie_lookup(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t index, smr_t smr,
439     enum pctrie_access access)
440 {
441 	struct pctrie_node *node;
442 	uint64_t *m;
443 	int slot;
444 
445 	node = pctrie_root_load(ptree, smr, access);
446 	while (node != NULL) {
447 		if (pctrie_isleaf(node)) {
448 			m = pctrie_toval(node);
449 			if (*m == index)
450 				return (m);
451 			break;
452 		}
453 		if (pctrie_keybarr(node, index))
454 			break;
455 		slot = pctrie_slot(index, node->pn_clev);
456 		node = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot], smr, access);
457 	}
458 	return (NULL);
459 }
460 
461 /*
462  * Returns the value stored at the index, assuming access is externally
463  * synchronized by a lock.
464  *
465  * If the index is not present, NULL is returned.
466  */
467 uint64_t *
468 pctrie_lookup(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t index)
469 {
470 	return (_pctrie_lookup(ptree, index, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED));
471 }
472 
473 /*
474  * Returns the value stored at the index without requiring an external lock.
475  *
476  * If the index is not present, NULL is returned.
477  */
478 uint64_t *
479 pctrie_lookup_unlocked(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t index, smr_t smr)
480 {
481 	uint64_t *res;
482 
483 	smr_enter(smr);
484 	res = _pctrie_lookup(ptree, index, smr, PCTRIE_SMR);
485 	smr_exit(smr);
486 	return (res);
487 }
488 
489 /*
490  * Look up the nearest entry at a position bigger than or equal to index,
491  * assuming access is externally synchronized by a lock.
492  */
493 uint64_t *
494 pctrie_lookup_ge(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t index)
495 {
496 	struct pctrie_node *stack[PCTRIE_LIMIT];
497 	uint64_t *m;
498 	struct pctrie_node *child, *node;
499 #ifdef INVARIANTS
500 	int loops = 0;
501 #endif
502 	unsigned tos;
503 	int slot;
504 
505 	node = pctrie_root_load(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
506 	if (node == NULL)
507 		return (NULL);
508 	else if (pctrie_isleaf(node)) {
509 		m = pctrie_toval(node);
510 		if (*m >= index)
511 			return (m);
512 		else
513 			return (NULL);
514 	}
515 	tos = 0;
516 	for (;;) {
517 		/*
518 		 * If the keys differ before the current bisection node,
519 		 * then the search key might rollback to the earliest
520 		 * available bisection node or to the smallest key
521 		 * in the current node (if the owner is greater than the
522 		 * search key).
523 		 */
524 		if (pctrie_keybarr(node, index)) {
525 			if (index > node->pn_owner) {
526 ascend:
527 				KASSERT(++loops < 1000,
528 				    ("pctrie_lookup_ge: too many loops"));
529 
530 				/*
531 				 * Pop nodes from the stack until either the
532 				 * stack is empty or a node that could have a
533 				 * matching descendant is found.
534 				 */
535 				do {
536 					if (tos == 0)
537 						return (NULL);
538 					node = stack[--tos];
539 				} while (pctrie_slot(index,
540 				    node->pn_clev) == (PCTRIE_COUNT - 1));
541 
542 				/*
543 				 * The following computation cannot overflow
544 				 * because index's slot at the current level
545 				 * is less than PCTRIE_COUNT - 1.
546 				 */
547 				index = pctrie_trimkey(index,
548 				    node->pn_clev);
549 				index += PCTRIE_UNITLEVEL(node->pn_clev);
550 			} else
551 				index = node->pn_owner;
552 			KASSERT(!pctrie_keybarr(node, index),
553 			    ("pctrie_lookup_ge: keybarr failed"));
554 		}
555 		slot = pctrie_slot(index, node->pn_clev);
556 		child = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
557 		    PCTRIE_LOCKED);
558 		if (pctrie_isleaf(child)) {
559 			m = pctrie_toval(child);
560 			if (*m >= index)
561 				return (m);
562 		} else if (child != NULL)
563 			goto descend;
564 
565 		/* Find the first set bit beyond the first slot+1 bits. */
566 		slot = ffs(node->pn_popmap & (-2 << slot)) - 1;
567 		if (slot < 0) {
568 			/*
569 			 * A value or edge greater than the search slot is not
570 			 * found in the current node; ascend to the next
571 			 * higher-level node.
572 			 */
573 			goto ascend;
574 		}
575 		child = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot],
576 		    NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
577 		KASSERT(child != NULL, ("%s: bad popmap slot %d in node %p",
578 		    __func__, slot, node));
579 		if (pctrie_isleaf(child))
580 			return (pctrie_toval(child));
581 		index = pctrie_trimkey(index, node->pn_clev + 1) +
582 		    slot * PCTRIE_UNITLEVEL(node->pn_clev);
583 descend:
584 		KASSERT(node->pn_clev > 0,
585 		    ("pctrie_lookup_ge: pushing leaf's parent"));
586 		KASSERT(tos < PCTRIE_LIMIT,
587 		    ("pctrie_lookup_ge: stack overflow"));
588 		stack[tos++] = node;
589 		node = child;
590 	}
591 }
592 
593 /*
594  * Look up the nearest entry at a position less than or equal to index,
595  * assuming access is externally synchronized by a lock.
596  */
597 uint64_t *
598 pctrie_lookup_le(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t index)
599 {
600 	struct pctrie_node *stack[PCTRIE_LIMIT];
601 	uint64_t *m;
602 	struct pctrie_node *child, *node;
603 #ifdef INVARIANTS
604 	int loops = 0;
605 #endif
606 	unsigned tos;
607 	int slot;
608 
609 	node = pctrie_root_load(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
610 	if (node == NULL)
611 		return (NULL);
612 	else if (pctrie_isleaf(node)) {
613 		m = pctrie_toval(node);
614 		if (*m <= index)
615 			return (m);
616 		else
617 			return (NULL);
618 	}
619 	tos = 0;
620 	for (;;) {
621 		/*
622 		 * If the keys differ before the current bisection node,
623 		 * then the search key might rollback to the earliest
624 		 * available bisection node or to the largest key
625 		 * in the current node (if the owner is smaller than the
626 		 * search key).
627 		 */
628 		if (pctrie_keybarr(node, index)) {
629 			if (index > node->pn_owner) {
630 				index = node->pn_owner + PCTRIE_COUNT *
631 				    PCTRIE_UNITLEVEL(node->pn_clev);
632 			} else {
633 ascend:
634 				KASSERT(++loops < 1000,
635 				    ("pctrie_lookup_le: too many loops"));
636 
637 				/*
638 				 * Pop nodes from the stack until either the
639 				 * stack is empty or a node that could have a
640 				 * matching descendant is found.
641 				 */
642 				do {
643 					if (tos == 0)
644 						return (NULL);
645 					node = stack[--tos];
646 				} while (pctrie_slot(index,
647 				    node->pn_clev) == 0);
648 
649 				/*
650 				 * The following computation cannot overflow
651 				 * because index's slot at the current level
652 				 * is greater than 0.
653 				 */
654 				index = pctrie_trimkey(index,
655 				    node->pn_clev);
656 			}
657 			index--;
658 			KASSERT(!pctrie_keybarr(node, index),
659 			    ("pctrie_lookup_le: keybarr failed"));
660 		}
661 		slot = pctrie_slot(index, node->pn_clev);
662 		child = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
663 		    PCTRIE_LOCKED);
664 		if (pctrie_isleaf(child)) {
665 			m = pctrie_toval(child);
666 			if (*m <= index)
667 				return (m);
668 		} else if (child != NULL)
669 			goto descend;
670 
671 		/* Find the last set bit among the first slot bits. */
672 		slot = fls(node->pn_popmap & ((1 << slot) - 1)) - 1;
673 		if (slot < 0) {
674 			/*
675 			 * A value or edge smaller than the search slot is not
676 			 * found in the current node; ascend to the next
677 			 * higher-level node.
678 			 */
679 			goto ascend;
680 		}
681 		child = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot],
682 		    NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
683 		if (pctrie_isleaf(child))
684 			return (pctrie_toval(child));
685 		index = pctrie_trimkey(index, node->pn_clev + 1) +
686 		    (slot + 1) * PCTRIE_UNITLEVEL(node->pn_clev) - 1;
687 descend:
688 		KASSERT(node->pn_clev > 0,
689 		    ("pctrie_lookup_le: pushing leaf's parent"));
690 		KASSERT(tos < PCTRIE_LIMIT,
691 		    ("pctrie_lookup_le: stack overflow"));
692 		stack[tos++] = node;
693 		node = child;
694 	}
695 }
696 
697 /*
698  * Remove the specified index from the tree.
699  * Panics if the key is not present.
700  */
701 void
702 pctrie_remove(struct pctrie *ptree, uint64_t index, pctrie_free_t freefn)
703 {
704 	struct pctrie_node *node, *parent, *tmp;
705 	uint64_t *m;
706 	int slot;
707 
708 	node = pctrie_root_load(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
709 	if (pctrie_isleaf(node)) {
710 		m = pctrie_toval(node);
711 		if (*m != index)
712 			panic("%s: invalid key found", __func__);
713 		pctrie_root_store(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
714 		return;
715 	}
716 	parent = NULL;
717 	for (;;) {
718 		if (node == NULL)
719 			panic("pctrie_remove: impossible to locate the key");
720 		slot = pctrie_slot(index, node->pn_clev);
721 		tmp = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
722 		    PCTRIE_LOCKED);
723 		if (pctrie_isleaf(tmp)) {
724 			m = pctrie_toval(tmp);
725 			if (*m != index)
726 				panic("%s: invalid key found", __func__);
727 			KASSERT((node->pn_popmap & (1 << slot)) != 0,
728 			    ("%s: bad popmap slot %d in node %p",
729 			    __func__, slot, node));
730 			node->pn_popmap ^= 1 << slot;
731 			pctrie_node_store(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
732 			    PCTRIE_LOCKED);
733 			if (!powerof2(node->pn_popmap))
734 				break;
735 			KASSERT(node->pn_popmap != 0,
736 			    ("%s: bad popmap all zeroes", __func__));
737 			slot = ffs(node->pn_popmap) - 1;
738 			tmp = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot],
739 			    NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
740 			KASSERT(tmp != NULL,
741 			    ("%s: bad popmap slot %d in node %p",
742 			    __func__, slot, node));
743 			if (parent == NULL)
744 				pctrie_root_store(ptree, tmp, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
745 			else {
746 				slot = pctrie_slot(index, parent->pn_clev);
747 				KASSERT(pctrie_node_load(
748 					&parent->pn_child[slot], NULL,
749 					PCTRIE_LOCKED) == node,
750 				    ("%s: invalid child value", __func__));
751 				pctrie_node_store(&parent->pn_child[slot], tmp,
752 				    PCTRIE_LOCKED);
753 			}
754 			/*
755 			 * The child is still valid and we can not zero the
756 			 * pointer until all SMR references are gone.
757 			 */
758 			pctrie_node_put(ptree, node, freefn);
759 			break;
760 		}
761 		parent = node;
762 		node = tmp;
763 	}
764 }
765 
766 /*
767  * Remove and free all the nodes from the tree.
768  * This function is recursive but there is a tight control on it as the
769  * maximum depth of the tree is fixed.
770  */
771 void
772 pctrie_reclaim_allnodes(struct pctrie *ptree, pctrie_free_t freefn)
773 {
774 	struct pctrie_node *root;
775 
776 	root = pctrie_root_load(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_LOCKED);
777 	if (root == NULL)
778 		return;
779 	pctrie_root_store(ptree, NULL, PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
780 	if (!pctrie_isleaf(root))
781 		pctrie_reclaim_allnodes_int(ptree, root, freefn);
782 }
783 
784 #ifdef DDB
785 /*
786  * Show details about the given node.
787  */
788 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(pctrienode, db_show_pctrienode)
789 {
790 	struct pctrie_node *node, *tmp;
791 	int slot;
792 	pn_popmap_t popmap;
793 
794         if (!have_addr)
795                 return;
796 	node = (struct pctrie_node *)addr;
797 	db_printf("node %p, owner %jx, children popmap %04x, level %u:\n",
798 	    (void *)node, (uintmax_t)node->pn_owner, node->pn_popmap,
799 	    node->pn_clev);
800 	for (popmap = node->pn_popmap; popmap != 0; popmap ^= 1 << slot) {
801 		slot = ffs(popmap) - 1;
802 		tmp = pctrie_node_load(&node->pn_child[slot], NULL,
803 		    PCTRIE_UNSERIALIZED);
804 		db_printf("slot: %d, val: %p, value: %p, clev: %d\n",
805 		    slot, (void *)tmp,
806 		    pctrie_isleaf(tmp) ? pctrie_toval(tmp) : NULL,
807 		    node->pn_clev);
808 	}
809 }
810 #endif /* DDB */
811