xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/subr_kdb.c (revision 97cb52fa9aefd90fad38790fded50905aeeb9b9e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 The FreeBSD Project
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  *
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
30 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
31 
32 #include "opt_kdb.h"
33 #include "opt_stack.h"
34 
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/systm.h>
37 #include <sys/cons.h>
38 #include <sys/kdb.h>
39 #include <sys/kernel.h>
40 #include <sys/malloc.h>
41 #include <sys/pcpu.h>
42 #include <sys/proc.h>
43 #include <sys/sbuf.h>
44 #include <sys/smp.h>
45 #include <sys/stack.h>
46 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
47 
48 #include <machine/kdb.h>
49 #include <machine/pcb.h>
50 
51 #ifdef SMP
52 #include <machine/smp.h>
53 #endif
54 
55 u_char __read_frequently kdb_active = 0;
56 static void *kdb_jmpbufp = NULL;
57 struct kdb_dbbe *kdb_dbbe = NULL;
58 static struct pcb kdb_pcb;
59 struct pcb *kdb_thrctx = NULL;
60 struct thread *kdb_thread = NULL;
61 struct trapframe *kdb_frame = NULL;
62 
63 #ifdef BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER
64 #define	KDB_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER	1
65 #else
66 #define	KDB_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER	0
67 #endif
68 
69 #ifdef ALT_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER
70 #define	KDB_ALT_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER	1
71 #else
72 #define	KDB_ALT_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER	0
73 #endif
74 
75 static int	kdb_break_to_debugger = KDB_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER;
76 static int	kdb_alt_break_to_debugger = KDB_ALT_BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER;
77 
78 KDB_BACKEND(null, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
79 SET_DECLARE(kdb_dbbe_set, struct kdb_dbbe);
80 
81 static int kdb_sysctl_available(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
82 static int kdb_sysctl_current(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
83 static int kdb_sysctl_enter(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
84 static int kdb_sysctl_panic(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
85 static int kdb_sysctl_trap(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
86 static int kdb_sysctl_trap_code(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
87 
88 static SYSCTL_NODE(_debug, OID_AUTO, kdb, CTLFLAG_RW, NULL, "KDB nodes");
89 
90 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, available, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD, NULL,
91     0, kdb_sysctl_available, "A", "list of available KDB backends");
92 
93 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, current, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RW, NULL,
94     0, kdb_sysctl_current, "A", "currently selected KDB backend");
95 
96 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, enter,
97     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, NULL, 0,
98     kdb_sysctl_enter, "I", "set to enter the debugger");
99 
100 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, panic,
101     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, NULL, 0,
102     kdb_sysctl_panic, "I", "set to panic the kernel");
103 
104 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, trap,
105     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, NULL, 0,
106     kdb_sysctl_trap, "I", "set to cause a page fault via data access");
107 
108 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, trap_code,
109     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, NULL, 0,
110     kdb_sysctl_trap_code, "I", "set to cause a page fault via code access");
111 
112 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, break_to_debugger,
113     CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
114     &kdb_break_to_debugger, 0, "Enable break to debugger");
115 
116 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kdb, OID_AUTO, alt_break_to_debugger,
117     CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
118     &kdb_alt_break_to_debugger, 0, "Enable alternative break to debugger");
119 
120 /*
121  * Flag to indicate to debuggers why the debugger was entered.
122  */
123 const char * volatile kdb_why = KDB_WHY_UNSET;
124 
125 static int
126 kdb_sysctl_available(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
127 {
128 	struct kdb_dbbe **iter;
129 	struct sbuf sbuf;
130 	int error;
131 
132 	sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sbuf, NULL, 64, req);
133 	SET_FOREACH(iter, kdb_dbbe_set) {
134 		if ((*iter)->dbbe_active == 0)
135 			sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "%s ", (*iter)->dbbe_name);
136 	}
137 	error = sbuf_finish(&sbuf);
138 	sbuf_delete(&sbuf);
139 	return (error);
140 }
141 
142 static int
143 kdb_sysctl_current(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
144 {
145 	char buf[16];
146 	int error;
147 
148 	if (kdb_dbbe != NULL)
149 		strlcpy(buf, kdb_dbbe->dbbe_name, sizeof(buf));
150 	else
151 		*buf = '\0';
152 	error = sysctl_handle_string(oidp, buf, sizeof(buf), req);
153 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
154 		return (error);
155 	if (kdb_active)
156 		return (EBUSY);
157 	return (kdb_dbbe_select(buf));
158 }
159 
160 static int
161 kdb_sysctl_enter(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
162 {
163 	int error, i;
164 
165 	error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
166 	if (error == 0) {
167 		i = 0;
168 		error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
169 	}
170 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
171 		return (error);
172 	if (kdb_active)
173 		return (EBUSY);
174 	kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_SYSCTL, "sysctl debug.kdb.enter");
175 	return (0);
176 }
177 
178 static int
179 kdb_sysctl_panic(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
180 {
181 	int error, i;
182 
183 	error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
184 	if (error == 0) {
185 		i = 0;
186 		error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
187 	}
188 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
189 		return (error);
190 	panic("kdb_sysctl_panic");
191 	return (0);
192 }
193 
194 static int
195 kdb_sysctl_trap(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
196 {
197 	int error, i;
198 	int *addr = (int *)0x10;
199 
200 	error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
201 	if (error == 0) {
202 		i = 0;
203 		error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
204 	}
205 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
206 		return (error);
207 	return (*addr);
208 }
209 
210 static int
211 kdb_sysctl_trap_code(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
212 {
213 	int error, i;
214 	void (*fp)(u_int, u_int, u_int) = (void *)0xdeadc0de;
215 
216 	error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
217 	if (error == 0) {
218 		i = 0;
219 		error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
220 	}
221 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
222 		return (error);
223 	(*fp)(0x11111111, 0x22222222, 0x33333333);
224 	return (0);
225 }
226 
227 void
228 kdb_panic(const char *msg)
229 {
230 
231 	printf("KDB: panic\n");
232 	panic("%s", msg);
233 }
234 
235 void
236 kdb_reboot(void)
237 {
238 
239 	printf("KDB: reboot requested\n");
240 	shutdown_nice(0);
241 }
242 
243 /*
244  * Solaris implements a new BREAK which is initiated by a character sequence
245  * CR ~ ^b which is similar to a familiar pattern used on Sun servers by the
246  * Remote Console.
247  *
248  * Note that this function may be called from almost anywhere, with interrupts
249  * disabled and with unknown locks held, so it must not access data other than
250  * its arguments.  Its up to the caller to ensure that the state variable is
251  * consistent.
252  */
253 #define	KEY_CR		13	/* CR '\r' */
254 #define	KEY_TILDE	126	/* ~ */
255 #define	KEY_CRTLB	2	/* ^B */
256 #define	KEY_CRTLP	16	/* ^P */
257 #define	KEY_CRTLR	18	/* ^R */
258 
259 /* States of th KDB "alternate break sequence" detecting state machine. */
260 enum {
261 	KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_NONE,
262 	KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR,
263 	KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR_TILDE,
264 };
265 
266 int
267 kdb_break(void)
268 {
269 
270 	if (!kdb_break_to_debugger)
271 		return (0);
272 	kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_BREAK, "Break to debugger");
273 	return (KDB_REQ_DEBUGGER);
274 }
275 
276 static int
277 kdb_alt_break_state(int key, int *state)
278 {
279 	int brk;
280 
281 	/* All states transition to KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR on a CR. */
282 	if (key == KEY_CR) {
283 		*state = KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR;
284 		return (0);
285 	}
286 
287 	brk = 0;
288 	switch (*state) {
289 	case KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR:
290 		*state = KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_NONE;
291 		if (key == KEY_TILDE)
292 			*state = KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR_TILDE;
293 		break;
294 	case KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_CR_TILDE:
295 		*state = KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_NONE;
296 		if (key == KEY_CRTLB)
297 			brk = KDB_REQ_DEBUGGER;
298 		else if (key == KEY_CRTLP)
299 			brk = KDB_REQ_PANIC;
300 		else if (key == KEY_CRTLR)
301 			brk = KDB_REQ_REBOOT;
302 		break;
303 	case KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_NONE:
304 	default:
305 		*state = KDB_ALT_BREAK_SEEN_NONE;
306 		break;
307 	}
308 	return (brk);
309 }
310 
311 static int
312 kdb_alt_break_internal(int key, int *state, int force_gdb)
313 {
314 	int brk;
315 
316 	if (!kdb_alt_break_to_debugger)
317 		return (0);
318 	brk = kdb_alt_break_state(key, state);
319 	switch (brk) {
320 	case KDB_REQ_DEBUGGER:
321 		if (force_gdb)
322 			kdb_dbbe_select("gdb");
323 		kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_BREAK, "Break to debugger");
324 		break;
325 
326 	case KDB_REQ_PANIC:
327 		if (force_gdb)
328 			kdb_dbbe_select("gdb");
329 		kdb_panic("Panic sequence on console");
330 		break;
331 
332 	case KDB_REQ_REBOOT:
333 		kdb_reboot();
334 		break;
335 	}
336 	return (0);
337 }
338 
339 int
340 kdb_alt_break(int key, int *state)
341 {
342 
343 	return (kdb_alt_break_internal(key, state, 0));
344 }
345 
346 /*
347  * This variation on kdb_alt_break() is used only by dcons, which has its own
348  * configuration flag to force GDB use regardless of the global KDB
349  * configuration.
350  */
351 int
352 kdb_alt_break_gdb(int key, int *state)
353 {
354 
355 	return (kdb_alt_break_internal(key, state, 1));
356 }
357 
358 /*
359  * Print a backtrace of the calling thread. The backtrace is generated by
360  * the selected debugger, provided it supports backtraces. If no debugger
361  * is selected or the current debugger does not support backtraces, this
362  * function silently returns.
363  */
364 void
365 kdb_backtrace(void)
366 {
367 
368 	if (kdb_dbbe != NULL && kdb_dbbe->dbbe_trace != NULL) {
369 		printf("KDB: stack backtrace:\n");
370 		kdb_dbbe->dbbe_trace();
371 	}
372 #ifdef STACK
373 	else {
374 		struct stack st;
375 
376 		printf("KDB: stack backtrace:\n");
377 		stack_zero(&st);
378 		stack_save(&st);
379 		stack_print_ddb(&st);
380 	}
381 #endif
382 }
383 
384 /*
385  * Similar to kdb_backtrace() except that it prints a backtrace of an
386  * arbitrary thread rather than the calling thread.
387  */
388 void
389 kdb_backtrace_thread(struct thread *td)
390 {
391 
392 	if (kdb_dbbe != NULL && kdb_dbbe->dbbe_trace_thread != NULL) {
393 		printf("KDB: stack backtrace of thread %d:\n", td->td_tid);
394 		kdb_dbbe->dbbe_trace_thread(td);
395 	}
396 #ifdef STACK
397 	else {
398 		struct stack st;
399 
400 		printf("KDB: stack backtrace of thread %d:\n", td->td_tid);
401 		stack_zero(&st);
402 		stack_save_td(&st, td);
403 		stack_print_ddb(&st);
404 	}
405 #endif
406 }
407 
408 /*
409  * Set/change the current backend.
410  */
411 int
412 kdb_dbbe_select(const char *name)
413 {
414 	struct kdb_dbbe *be, **iter;
415 
416 	SET_FOREACH(iter, kdb_dbbe_set) {
417 		be = *iter;
418 		if (be->dbbe_active == 0 && strcmp(be->dbbe_name, name) == 0) {
419 			kdb_dbbe = be;
420 			return (0);
421 		}
422 	}
423 	return (EINVAL);
424 }
425 
426 /*
427  * Enter the currently selected debugger. If a message has been provided,
428  * it is printed first. If the debugger does not support the enter method,
429  * it is entered by using breakpoint(), which enters the debugger through
430  * kdb_trap().  The 'why' argument will contain a more mechanically usable
431  * string than 'msg', and is relied upon by DDB scripting to identify the
432  * reason for entering the debugger so that the right script can be run.
433  */
434 void
435 kdb_enter(const char *why, const char *msg)
436 {
437 
438 	if (kdb_dbbe != NULL && kdb_active == 0) {
439 		if (msg != NULL)
440 			printf("KDB: enter: %s\n", msg);
441 		kdb_why = why;
442 		breakpoint();
443 		kdb_why = KDB_WHY_UNSET;
444 	}
445 }
446 
447 /*
448  * Initialize the kernel debugger interface.
449  */
450 void
451 kdb_init(void)
452 {
453 	struct kdb_dbbe *be, **iter;
454 	int cur_pri, pri;
455 
456 	kdb_active = 0;
457 	kdb_dbbe = NULL;
458 	cur_pri = -1;
459 	SET_FOREACH(iter, kdb_dbbe_set) {
460 		be = *iter;
461 		pri = (be->dbbe_init != NULL) ? be->dbbe_init() : -1;
462 		be->dbbe_active = (pri >= 0) ? 0 : -1;
463 		if (pri > cur_pri) {
464 			cur_pri = pri;
465 			kdb_dbbe = be;
466 		}
467 	}
468 	if (kdb_dbbe != NULL) {
469 		printf("KDB: debugger backends:");
470 		SET_FOREACH(iter, kdb_dbbe_set) {
471 			be = *iter;
472 			if (be->dbbe_active == 0)
473 				printf(" %s", be->dbbe_name);
474 		}
475 		printf("\n");
476 		printf("KDB: current backend: %s\n",
477 		    kdb_dbbe->dbbe_name);
478 	}
479 }
480 
481 /*
482  * Handle contexts.
483  */
484 void *
485 kdb_jmpbuf(jmp_buf new)
486 {
487 	void *old;
488 
489 	old = kdb_jmpbufp;
490 	kdb_jmpbufp = new;
491 	return (old);
492 }
493 
494 void
495 kdb_reenter(void)
496 {
497 
498 	if (!kdb_active || kdb_jmpbufp == NULL)
499 		return;
500 
501 	printf("KDB: reentering\n");
502 	kdb_backtrace();
503 	longjmp(kdb_jmpbufp, 1);
504 	/* NOTREACHED */
505 }
506 
507 void
508 kdb_reenter_silent(void)
509 {
510 
511 	if (!kdb_active || kdb_jmpbufp == NULL)
512 		return;
513 
514 	longjmp(kdb_jmpbufp, 1);
515 	/* NOTREACHED */
516 }
517 
518 /*
519  * Thread-related support functions.
520  */
521 struct pcb *
522 kdb_thr_ctx(struct thread *thr)
523 {
524 #if defined(SMP) && defined(KDB_STOPPEDPCB)
525 	struct pcpu *pc;
526 #endif
527 
528 	if (thr == curthread)
529 		return (&kdb_pcb);
530 
531 #if defined(SMP) && defined(KDB_STOPPEDPCB)
532 	STAILQ_FOREACH(pc, &cpuhead, pc_allcpu)  {
533 		if (pc->pc_curthread == thr &&
534 		    CPU_ISSET(pc->pc_cpuid, &stopped_cpus))
535 			return (KDB_STOPPEDPCB(pc));
536 	}
537 #endif
538 	return (thr->td_pcb);
539 }
540 
541 struct thread *
542 kdb_thr_first(void)
543 {
544 	struct proc *p;
545 	struct thread *thr;
546 
547 	p = LIST_FIRST(&allproc);
548 	while (p != NULL) {
549 		if (p->p_flag & P_INMEM) {
550 			thr = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p);
551 			if (thr != NULL)
552 				return (thr);
553 		}
554 		p = LIST_NEXT(p, p_list);
555 	}
556 	return (NULL);
557 }
558 
559 struct thread *
560 kdb_thr_from_pid(pid_t pid)
561 {
562 	struct proc *p;
563 
564 	p = LIST_FIRST(&allproc);
565 	while (p != NULL) {
566 		if (p->p_flag & P_INMEM && p->p_pid == pid)
567 			return (FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p));
568 		p = LIST_NEXT(p, p_list);
569 	}
570 	return (NULL);
571 }
572 
573 struct thread *
574 kdb_thr_lookup(lwpid_t tid)
575 {
576 	struct thread *thr;
577 
578 	thr = kdb_thr_first();
579 	while (thr != NULL && thr->td_tid != tid)
580 		thr = kdb_thr_next(thr);
581 	return (thr);
582 }
583 
584 struct thread *
585 kdb_thr_next(struct thread *thr)
586 {
587 	struct proc *p;
588 
589 	p = thr->td_proc;
590 	thr = TAILQ_NEXT(thr, td_plist);
591 	do {
592 		if (thr != NULL)
593 			return (thr);
594 		p = LIST_NEXT(p, p_list);
595 		if (p != NULL && (p->p_flag & P_INMEM))
596 			thr = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p);
597 	} while (p != NULL);
598 	return (NULL);
599 }
600 
601 int
602 kdb_thr_select(struct thread *thr)
603 {
604 	if (thr == NULL)
605 		return (EINVAL);
606 	kdb_thread = thr;
607 	kdb_thrctx = kdb_thr_ctx(thr);
608 	return (0);
609 }
610 
611 /*
612  * Enter the debugger due to a trap.
613  */
614 int
615 kdb_trap(int type, int code, struct trapframe *tf)
616 {
617 #ifdef SMP
618 	cpuset_t other_cpus;
619 #endif
620 	struct kdb_dbbe *be;
621 	register_t intr;
622 	int handled;
623 #ifdef SMP
624 	int did_stop_cpus;
625 #endif
626 
627 	be = kdb_dbbe;
628 	if (be == NULL || be->dbbe_trap == NULL)
629 		return (0);
630 
631 	/* We reenter the debugger through kdb_reenter(). */
632 	if (kdb_active)
633 		return (0);
634 
635 	intr = intr_disable();
636 
637 #ifdef SMP
638 	if (!SCHEDULER_STOPPED()) {
639 		other_cpus = all_cpus;
640 		CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &other_cpus);
641 		stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus);
642 		did_stop_cpus = 1;
643 	} else
644 		did_stop_cpus = 0;
645 #endif
646 
647 	kdb_active++;
648 
649 	kdb_frame = tf;
650 
651 	/* Let MD code do its thing first... */
652 	kdb_cpu_trap(type, code);
653 
654 	makectx(tf, &kdb_pcb);
655 	kdb_thr_select(curthread);
656 
657 	cngrab();
658 
659 	for (;;) {
660 		handled = be->dbbe_trap(type, code);
661 		if (be == kdb_dbbe)
662 			break;
663 		be = kdb_dbbe;
664 		if (be == NULL || be->dbbe_trap == NULL)
665 			break;
666 		printf("Switching to %s back-end\n", be->dbbe_name);
667 	}
668 
669 	cnungrab();
670 
671 	kdb_active--;
672 
673 #ifdef SMP
674 	if (did_stop_cpus)
675 		restart_cpus(stopped_cpus);
676 #endif
677 
678 	intr_restore(intr);
679 
680 	return (handled);
681 }
682