xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/kern_shutdown.c (revision 193d9e768ba63fcfb187cfd17f461f7d41345048)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
5  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
6  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
7  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
8  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  *
34  *	@(#)kern_shutdown.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
35  */
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #include "opt_ddb.h"
41 #include "opt_ekcd.h"
42 #include "opt_kdb.h"
43 #include "opt_panic.h"
44 #include "opt_sched.h"
45 #include "opt_watchdog.h"
46 
47 #include <sys/param.h>
48 #include <sys/systm.h>
49 #include <sys/bio.h>
50 #include <sys/buf.h>
51 #include <sys/conf.h>
52 #include <sys/cons.h>
53 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
54 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
55 #include <sys/jail.h>
56 #include <sys/kdb.h>
57 #include <sys/kernel.h>
58 #include <sys/kerneldump.h>
59 #include <sys/kthread.h>
60 #include <sys/ktr.h>
61 #include <sys/malloc.h>
62 #include <sys/mount.h>
63 #include <sys/priv.h>
64 #include <sys/proc.h>
65 #include <sys/reboot.h>
66 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
67 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
68 #include <sys/sched.h>
69 #include <sys/smp.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
72 #include <sys/vnode.h>
73 #include <sys/watchdog.h>
74 
75 #include <crypto/rijndael/rijndael-api-fst.h>
76 #include <crypto/sha2/sha256.h>
77 
78 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
79 
80 #include <machine/cpu.h>
81 #include <machine/dump.h>
82 #include <machine/pcb.h>
83 #include <machine/smp.h>
84 
85 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
86 
87 #include <vm/vm.h>
88 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
89 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
90 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
91 #include <vm/swap_pager.h>
92 
93 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
94 
95 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_DUMPER, "dumper", "dumper block buffer");
96 
97 #ifndef PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME
98 #define PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME 15 /* default to 15 seconds */
99 #endif
100 static int panic_reboot_wait_time = PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME;
101 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, panic_reboot_wait_time, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
102     &panic_reboot_wait_time, 0,
103     "Seconds to wait before rebooting after a panic");
104 
105 /*
106  * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both
107  * ANSI and traditional C compilers.
108  */
109 #include <machine/stdarg.h>
110 
111 #ifdef KDB
112 #ifdef KDB_UNATTENDED
113 int debugger_on_panic = 0;
114 #else
115 int debugger_on_panic = 1;
116 #endif
117 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_panic,
118     CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
119     &debugger_on_panic, 0, "Run debugger on kernel panic");
120 
121 #ifdef KDB_TRACE
122 static int trace_on_panic = 1;
123 #else
124 static int trace_on_panic = 0;
125 #endif
126 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, trace_on_panic,
127     CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
128     &trace_on_panic, 0, "Print stack trace on kernel panic");
129 #endif /* KDB */
130 
131 static int sync_on_panic = 0;
132 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, sync_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
133 	&sync_on_panic, 0, "Do a sync before rebooting from a panic");
134 
135 static SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, OID_AUTO, shutdown, CTLFLAG_RW, 0,
136     "Shutdown environment");
137 
138 #ifndef DIAGNOSTIC
139 static int show_busybufs;
140 #else
141 static int show_busybufs = 1;
142 #endif
143 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, show_busybufs, CTLFLAG_RW,
144 	&show_busybufs, 0, "");
145 
146 int suspend_blocked = 0;
147 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, suspend_blocked, CTLFLAG_RW,
148 	&suspend_blocked, 0, "Block suspend due to a pending shutdown");
149 
150 #ifdef EKCD
151 FEATURE(ekcd, "Encrypted kernel crash dumps support");
152 
153 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_EKCD, "ekcd", "Encrypted kernel crash dumps data");
154 
155 struct kerneldumpcrypto {
156 	uint8_t			kdc_encryption;
157 	uint8_t			kdc_iv[KERNELDUMP_IV_MAX_SIZE];
158 	keyInstance		kdc_ki;
159 	cipherInstance		kdc_ci;
160 	off_t			kdc_nextoffset;
161 	uint32_t		kdc_dumpkeysize;
162 	struct kerneldumpkey	kdc_dumpkey[];
163 };
164 #endif
165 
166 /*
167  * Variable panicstr contains argument to first call to panic; used as flag
168  * to indicate that the kernel has already called panic.
169  */
170 const char *panicstr;
171 
172 int dumping;				/* system is dumping */
173 int rebooting;				/* system is rebooting */
174 static struct dumperinfo dumper;	/* our selected dumper */
175 
176 /* Context information for dump-debuggers. */
177 static struct pcb dumppcb;		/* Registers. */
178 lwpid_t dumptid;			/* Thread ID. */
179 
180 static struct cdevsw reroot_cdevsw = {
181      .d_version = D_VERSION,
182      .d_name    = "reroot",
183 };
184 
185 static void poweroff_wait(void *, int);
186 static void shutdown_halt(void *junk, int howto);
187 static void shutdown_panic(void *junk, int howto);
188 static void shutdown_reset(void *junk, int howto);
189 static int kern_reroot(void);
190 
191 /* register various local shutdown events */
192 static void
193 shutdown_conf(void *unused)
194 {
195 
196 	EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, poweroff_wait, NULL,
197 	    SHUTDOWN_PRI_FIRST);
198 	EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_halt, NULL,
199 	    SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
200 	EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_panic, NULL,
201 	    SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
202 	EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_reset, NULL,
203 	    SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 200);
204 }
205 
206 SYSINIT(shutdown_conf, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_ANY, shutdown_conf, NULL);
207 
208 /*
209  * The only reason this exists is to create the /dev/reroot/ directory,
210  * used by reroot code in init(8) as a mountpoint for tmpfs.
211  */
212 static void
213 reroot_conf(void *unused)
214 {
215 	int error;
216 	struct cdev *cdev;
217 
218 	error = make_dev_p(MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME | MAKEDEV_WAITOK, &cdev,
219 	    &reroot_cdevsw, NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600, "reroot/reroot");
220 	if (error != 0) {
221 		printf("%s: failed to create device node, error %d",
222 		    __func__, error);
223 	}
224 }
225 
226 SYSINIT(reroot_conf, SI_SUB_DEVFS, SI_ORDER_ANY, reroot_conf, NULL);
227 
228 /*
229  * The system call that results in a reboot.
230  */
231 /* ARGSUSED */
232 int
233 sys_reboot(struct thread *td, struct reboot_args *uap)
234 {
235 	int error;
236 
237 	error = 0;
238 #ifdef MAC
239 	error = mac_system_check_reboot(td->td_ucred, uap->opt);
240 #endif
241 	if (error == 0)
242 		error = priv_check(td, PRIV_REBOOT);
243 	if (error == 0) {
244 		if (uap->opt & RB_REROOT) {
245 			error = kern_reroot();
246 		} else {
247 			mtx_lock(&Giant);
248 			kern_reboot(uap->opt);
249 			mtx_unlock(&Giant);
250 		}
251 	}
252 	return (error);
253 }
254 
255 /*
256  * Called by events that want to shut down.. e.g  <CTL><ALT><DEL> on a PC
257  */
258 void
259 shutdown_nice(int howto)
260 {
261 
262 	if (initproc != NULL) {
263 		/* Send a signal to init(8) and have it shutdown the world. */
264 		PROC_LOCK(initproc);
265 		if (howto & RB_POWEROFF)
266 			kern_psignal(initproc, SIGUSR2);
267 		else if (howto & RB_HALT)
268 			kern_psignal(initproc, SIGUSR1);
269 		else
270 			kern_psignal(initproc, SIGINT);
271 		PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
272 	} else {
273 		/* No init(8) running, so simply reboot. */
274 		kern_reboot(howto | RB_NOSYNC);
275 	}
276 }
277 
278 static void
279 print_uptime(void)
280 {
281 	int f;
282 	struct timespec ts;
283 
284 	getnanouptime(&ts);
285 	printf("Uptime: ");
286 	f = 0;
287 	if (ts.tv_sec >= 86400) {
288 		printf("%ldd", (long)ts.tv_sec / 86400);
289 		ts.tv_sec %= 86400;
290 		f = 1;
291 	}
292 	if (f || ts.tv_sec >= 3600) {
293 		printf("%ldh", (long)ts.tv_sec / 3600);
294 		ts.tv_sec %= 3600;
295 		f = 1;
296 	}
297 	if (f || ts.tv_sec >= 60) {
298 		printf("%ldm", (long)ts.tv_sec / 60);
299 		ts.tv_sec %= 60;
300 		f = 1;
301 	}
302 	printf("%lds\n", (long)ts.tv_sec);
303 }
304 
305 int
306 doadump(boolean_t textdump)
307 {
308 	boolean_t coredump;
309 	int error;
310 
311 	error = 0;
312 	if (dumping)
313 		return (EBUSY);
314 	if (dumper.dumper == NULL)
315 		return (ENXIO);
316 
317 	savectx(&dumppcb);
318 	dumptid = curthread->td_tid;
319 	dumping++;
320 
321 	coredump = TRUE;
322 #ifdef DDB
323 	if (textdump && textdump_pending) {
324 		coredump = FALSE;
325 		textdump_dumpsys(&dumper);
326 	}
327 #endif
328 	if (coredump)
329 		error = dumpsys(&dumper);
330 
331 	dumping--;
332 	return (error);
333 }
334 
335 /*
336  * Shutdown the system cleanly to prepare for reboot, halt, or power off.
337  */
338 void
339 kern_reboot(int howto)
340 {
341 	static int once = 0;
342 
343 #if defined(SMP)
344 	/*
345 	 * Bind us to CPU 0 so that all shutdown code runs there.  Some
346 	 * systems don't shutdown properly (i.e., ACPI power off) if we
347 	 * run on another processor.
348 	 */
349 	if (!SCHEDULER_STOPPED()) {
350 		thread_lock(curthread);
351 		sched_bind(curthread, 0);
352 		thread_unlock(curthread);
353 		KASSERT(PCPU_GET(cpuid) == 0, ("boot: not running on cpu 0"));
354 	}
355 #endif
356 	/* We're in the process of rebooting. */
357 	rebooting = 1;
358 
359 	/* We are out of the debugger now. */
360 	kdb_active = 0;
361 
362 	/*
363 	 * Do any callouts that should be done BEFORE syncing the filesystems.
364 	 */
365 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_pre_sync, howto);
366 
367 	/*
368 	 * Now sync filesystems
369 	 */
370 	if (!cold && (howto & RB_NOSYNC) == 0 && once == 0) {
371 		once = 1;
372 		bufshutdown(show_busybufs);
373 	}
374 
375 	print_uptime();
376 
377 	cngrab();
378 
379 	/*
380 	 * Ok, now do things that assume all filesystem activity has
381 	 * been completed.
382 	 */
383 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_post_sync, howto);
384 
385 	if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_DUMP)) == RB_DUMP && !cold && !dumping)
386 		doadump(TRUE);
387 
388 	/* Now that we're going to really halt the system... */
389 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_final, howto);
390 
391 	for(;;) ;	/* safety against shutdown_reset not working */
392 	/* NOTREACHED */
393 }
394 
395 /*
396  * The system call that results in changing the rootfs.
397  */
398 static int
399 kern_reroot(void)
400 {
401 	struct vnode *oldrootvnode, *vp;
402 	struct mount *mp, *devmp;
403 	int error;
404 
405 	if (curproc != initproc)
406 		return (EPERM);
407 
408 	/*
409 	 * Mark the filesystem containing currently-running executable
410 	 * (the temporary copy of init(8)) busy.
411 	 */
412 	vp = curproc->p_textvp;
413 	error = vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED);
414 	if (error != 0)
415 		return (error);
416 	mp = vp->v_mount;
417 	error = vfs_busy(mp, MBF_NOWAIT);
418 	if (error != 0) {
419 		vfs_ref(mp);
420 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
421 		error = vfs_busy(mp, 0);
422 		vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
423 		vfs_rel(mp);
424 		if (error != 0) {
425 			VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
426 			return (ENOENT);
427 		}
428 		if (vp->v_iflag & VI_DOOMED) {
429 			VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
430 			vfs_unbusy(mp);
431 			return (ENOENT);
432 		}
433 	}
434 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
435 
436 	/*
437 	 * Remove the filesystem containing currently-running executable
438 	 * from the mount list, to prevent it from being unmounted
439 	 * by vfs_unmountall(), and to avoid confusing vfs_mountroot().
440 	 *
441 	 * Also preserve /dev - forcibly unmounting it could cause driver
442 	 * reinitialization.
443 	 */
444 
445 	vfs_ref(rootdevmp);
446 	devmp = rootdevmp;
447 	rootdevmp = NULL;
448 
449 	mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
450 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
451 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, devmp, mnt_list);
452 	mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
453 
454 	oldrootvnode = rootvnode;
455 
456 	/*
457 	 * Unmount everything except for the two filesystems preserved above.
458 	 */
459 	vfs_unmountall();
460 
461 	/*
462 	 * Add /dev back; vfs_mountroot() will move it into its new place.
463 	 */
464 	mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
465 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&mountlist, devmp, mnt_list);
466 	mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
467 	rootdevmp = devmp;
468 	vfs_rel(rootdevmp);
469 
470 	/*
471 	 * Mount the new rootfs.
472 	 */
473 	vfs_mountroot();
474 
475 	/*
476 	 * Update all references to the old rootvnode.
477 	 */
478 	mountcheckdirs(oldrootvnode, rootvnode);
479 
480 	/*
481 	 * Add the temporary filesystem back and unbusy it.
482 	 */
483 	mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
484 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
485 	mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
486 	vfs_unbusy(mp);
487 
488 	return (0);
489 }
490 
491 /*
492  * If the shutdown was a clean halt, behave accordingly.
493  */
494 static void
495 shutdown_halt(void *junk, int howto)
496 {
497 
498 	if (howto & RB_HALT) {
499 		printf("\n");
500 		printf("The operating system has halted.\n");
501 		printf("Please press any key to reboot.\n\n");
502 		switch (cngetc()) {
503 		case -1:		/* No console, just die */
504 			cpu_halt();
505 			/* NOTREACHED */
506 		default:
507 			howto &= ~RB_HALT;
508 			break;
509 		}
510 	}
511 }
512 
513 /*
514  * Check to see if the system paniced, pause and then reboot
515  * according to the specified delay.
516  */
517 static void
518 shutdown_panic(void *junk, int howto)
519 {
520 	int loop;
521 
522 	if (howto & RB_DUMP) {
523 		if (panic_reboot_wait_time != 0) {
524 			if (panic_reboot_wait_time != -1) {
525 				printf("Automatic reboot in %d seconds - "
526 				       "press a key on the console to abort\n",
527 					panic_reboot_wait_time);
528 				for (loop = panic_reboot_wait_time * 10;
529 				     loop > 0; --loop) {
530 					DELAY(1000 * 100); /* 1/10th second */
531 					/* Did user type a key? */
532 					if (cncheckc() != -1)
533 						break;
534 				}
535 				if (!loop)
536 					return;
537 			}
538 		} else { /* zero time specified - reboot NOW */
539 			return;
540 		}
541 		printf("--> Press a key on the console to reboot,\n");
542 		printf("--> or switch off the system now.\n");
543 		cngetc();
544 	}
545 }
546 
547 /*
548  * Everything done, now reset
549  */
550 static void
551 shutdown_reset(void *junk, int howto)
552 {
553 
554 	printf("Rebooting...\n");
555 	DELAY(1000000);	/* wait 1 sec for printf's to complete and be read */
556 
557 	/*
558 	 * Acquiring smp_ipi_mtx here has a double effect:
559 	 * - it disables interrupts avoiding CPU0 preemption
560 	 *   by fast handlers (thus deadlocking  against other CPUs)
561 	 * - it avoids deadlocks against smp_rendezvous() or, more
562 	 *   generally, threads busy-waiting, with this spinlock held,
563 	 *   and waiting for responses by threads on other CPUs
564 	 *   (ie. smp_tlb_shootdown()).
565 	 *
566 	 * For the !SMP case it just needs to handle the former problem.
567 	 */
568 #ifdef SMP
569 	mtx_lock_spin(&smp_ipi_mtx);
570 #else
571 	spinlock_enter();
572 #endif
573 
574 	/* cpu_boot(howto); */ /* doesn't do anything at the moment */
575 	cpu_reset();
576 	/* NOTREACHED */ /* assuming reset worked */
577 }
578 
579 #if defined(WITNESS) || defined(INVARIANT_SUPPORT)
580 static int kassert_warn_only = 0;
581 #ifdef KDB
582 static int kassert_do_kdb = 0;
583 #endif
584 #ifdef KTR
585 static int kassert_do_ktr = 0;
586 #endif
587 static int kassert_do_log = 1;
588 static int kassert_log_pps_limit = 4;
589 static int kassert_log_mute_at = 0;
590 static int kassert_log_panic_at = 0;
591 static int kassert_warnings = 0;
592 
593 SYSCTL_NODE(_debug, OID_AUTO, kassert, CTLFLAG_RW, NULL, "kassert options");
594 
595 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, warn_only, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
596     &kassert_warn_only, 0,
597     "KASSERT triggers a panic (1) or just a warning (0)");
598 
599 #ifdef KDB
600 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_kdb, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
601     &kassert_do_kdb, 0, "KASSERT will enter the debugger");
602 #endif
603 
604 #ifdef KTR
605 SYSCTL_UINT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_ktr, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
606     &kassert_do_ktr, 0,
607     "KASSERT does a KTR, set this to the KTRMASK you want");
608 #endif
609 
610 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_log, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
611     &kassert_do_log, 0, "KASSERT triggers a panic (1) or just a warning (0)");
612 
613 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, warnings, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
614     &kassert_warnings, 0, "number of KASSERTs that have been triggered");
615 
616 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_panic_at, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
617     &kassert_log_panic_at, 0, "max number of KASSERTS before we will panic");
618 
619 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_pps_limit, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
620     &kassert_log_pps_limit, 0, "limit number of log messages per second");
621 
622 SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_mute_at, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
623     &kassert_log_mute_at, 0, "max number of KASSERTS to log");
624 
625 static int kassert_sysctl_kassert(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
626 
627 SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, kassert,
628     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, NULL, 0,
629     kassert_sysctl_kassert, "I", "set to trigger a test kassert");
630 
631 static int
632 kassert_sysctl_kassert(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
633 {
634 	int error, i;
635 
636 	error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
637 	if (error == 0) {
638 		i = 0;
639 		error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
640 	}
641 	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
642 		return (error);
643 	KASSERT(0, ("kassert_sysctl_kassert triggered kassert %d", i));
644 	return (0);
645 }
646 
647 /*
648  * Called by KASSERT, this decides if we will panic
649  * or if we will log via printf and/or ktr.
650  */
651 void
652 kassert_panic(const char *fmt, ...)
653 {
654 	static char buf[256];
655 	va_list ap;
656 
657 	va_start(ap, fmt);
658 	(void)vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
659 	va_end(ap);
660 
661 	/*
662 	 * panic if we're not just warning, or if we've exceeded
663 	 * kassert_log_panic_at warnings.
664 	 */
665 	if (!kassert_warn_only ||
666 	    (kassert_log_panic_at > 0 &&
667 	     kassert_warnings >= kassert_log_panic_at)) {
668 		va_start(ap, fmt);
669 		vpanic(fmt, ap);
670 		/* NORETURN */
671 	}
672 #ifdef KTR
673 	if (kassert_do_ktr)
674 		CTR0(ktr_mask, buf);
675 #endif /* KTR */
676 	/*
677 	 * log if we've not yet met the mute limit.
678 	 */
679 	if (kassert_do_log &&
680 	    (kassert_log_mute_at == 0 ||
681 	     kassert_warnings < kassert_log_mute_at)) {
682 		static  struct timeval lasterr;
683 		static  int curerr;
684 
685 		if (ppsratecheck(&lasterr, &curerr, kassert_log_pps_limit)) {
686 			printf("KASSERT failed: %s\n", buf);
687 			kdb_backtrace();
688 		}
689 	}
690 #ifdef KDB
691 	if (kassert_do_kdb) {
692 		kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_KASSERT, buf);
693 	}
694 #endif
695 	atomic_add_int(&kassert_warnings, 1);
696 }
697 #endif
698 
699 /*
700  * Panic is called on unresolvable fatal errors.  It prints "panic: mesg",
701  * and then reboots.  If we are called twice, then we avoid trying to sync
702  * the disks as this often leads to recursive panics.
703  */
704 void
705 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
706 {
707 	va_list ap;
708 
709 	va_start(ap, fmt);
710 	vpanic(fmt, ap);
711 }
712 
713 void
714 vpanic(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
715 {
716 #ifdef SMP
717 	cpuset_t other_cpus;
718 #endif
719 	struct thread *td = curthread;
720 	int bootopt, newpanic;
721 	static char buf[256];
722 
723 	spinlock_enter();
724 
725 #ifdef SMP
726 	/*
727 	 * stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus) should prevent multiple CPUs from
728 	 * concurrently entering panic.  Only the winner will proceed
729 	 * further.
730 	 */
731 	if (panicstr == NULL && !kdb_active) {
732 		other_cpus = all_cpus;
733 		CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &other_cpus);
734 		stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus);
735 	}
736 #endif
737 
738 	/*
739 	 * Ensure that the scheduler is stopped while panicking, even if panic
740 	 * has been entered from kdb.
741 	 */
742 	td->td_stopsched = 1;
743 
744 	bootopt = RB_AUTOBOOT;
745 	newpanic = 0;
746 	if (panicstr)
747 		bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC;
748 	else {
749 		bootopt |= RB_DUMP;
750 		panicstr = fmt;
751 		newpanic = 1;
752 	}
753 
754 	if (newpanic) {
755 		(void)vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
756 		panicstr = buf;
757 		cngrab();
758 		printf("panic: %s\n", buf);
759 	} else {
760 		printf("panic: ");
761 		vprintf(fmt, ap);
762 		printf("\n");
763 	}
764 #ifdef SMP
765 	printf("cpuid = %d\n", PCPU_GET(cpuid));
766 #endif
767 
768 #ifdef KDB
769 	if (newpanic && trace_on_panic)
770 		kdb_backtrace();
771 	if (debugger_on_panic)
772 		kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_PANIC, "panic");
773 #endif
774 	/*thread_lock(td); */
775 	td->td_flags |= TDF_INPANIC;
776 	/* thread_unlock(td); */
777 	if (!sync_on_panic)
778 		bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC;
779 	kern_reboot(bootopt);
780 }
781 
782 /*
783  * Support for poweroff delay.
784  *
785  * Please note that setting this delay too short might power off your machine
786  * before the write cache on your hard disk has been flushed, leading to
787  * soft-updates inconsistencies.
788  */
789 #ifndef POWEROFF_DELAY
790 # define POWEROFF_DELAY 5000
791 #endif
792 static int poweroff_delay = POWEROFF_DELAY;
793 
794 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, poweroff_delay, CTLFLAG_RW,
795     &poweroff_delay, 0, "Delay before poweroff to write disk caches (msec)");
796 
797 static void
798 poweroff_wait(void *junk, int howto)
799 {
800 
801 	if (!(howto & RB_POWEROFF) || poweroff_delay <= 0)
802 		return;
803 	DELAY(poweroff_delay * 1000);
804 }
805 
806 /*
807  * Some system processes (e.g. syncer) need to be stopped at appropriate
808  * points in their main loops prior to a system shutdown, so that they
809  * won't interfere with the shutdown process (e.g. by holding a disk buf
810  * to cause sync to fail).  For each of these system processes, register
811  * shutdown_kproc() as a handler for one of shutdown events.
812  */
813 static int kproc_shutdown_wait = 60;
814 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, kproc_shutdown_wait, CTLFLAG_RW,
815     &kproc_shutdown_wait, 0, "Max wait time (sec) to stop for each process");
816 
817 void
818 kproc_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
819 {
820 	struct proc *p;
821 	int error;
822 
823 	if (panicstr)
824 		return;
825 
826 	p = (struct proc *)arg;
827 	printf("Waiting (max %d seconds) for system process `%s' to stop... ",
828 	    kproc_shutdown_wait, p->p_comm);
829 	error = kproc_suspend(p, kproc_shutdown_wait * hz);
830 
831 	if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
832 		printf("timed out\n");
833 	else
834 		printf("done\n");
835 }
836 
837 void
838 kthread_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
839 {
840 	struct thread *td;
841 	int error;
842 
843 	if (panicstr)
844 		return;
845 
846 	td = (struct thread *)arg;
847 	printf("Waiting (max %d seconds) for system thread `%s' to stop... ",
848 	    kproc_shutdown_wait, td->td_name);
849 	error = kthread_suspend(td, kproc_shutdown_wait * hz);
850 
851 	if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
852 		printf("timed out\n");
853 	else
854 		printf("done\n");
855 }
856 
857 static char dumpdevname[sizeof(((struct cdev*)NULL)->si_name)];
858 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, dumpdevname, CTLFLAG_RD,
859     dumpdevname, 0, "Device for kernel dumps");
860 
861 #ifdef EKCD
862 static struct kerneldumpcrypto *
863 kerneldumpcrypto_create(size_t blocksize, uint8_t encryption,
864     const uint8_t *key, uint32_t encryptedkeysize, const uint8_t *encryptedkey)
865 {
866 	struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
867 	struct kerneldumpkey *kdk;
868 	uint32_t dumpkeysize;
869 
870 	dumpkeysize = roundup2(sizeof(*kdk) + encryptedkeysize, blocksize);
871 	kdc = malloc(sizeof(*kdc) + dumpkeysize, M_EKCD, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
872 
873 	arc4rand(kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv), 0);
874 
875 	kdc->kdc_encryption = encryption;
876 	switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
877 	case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
878 		if (rijndael_makeKey(&kdc->kdc_ki, DIR_ENCRYPT, 256, key) <= 0)
879 			goto failed;
880 		break;
881 	default:
882 		goto failed;
883 	}
884 
885 	kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize = dumpkeysize;
886 	kdk = kdc->kdc_dumpkey;
887 	kdk->kdk_encryption = kdc->kdc_encryption;
888 	memcpy(kdk->kdk_iv, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdk->kdk_iv));
889 	kdk->kdk_encryptedkeysize = htod32(encryptedkeysize);
890 	memcpy(kdk->kdk_encryptedkey, encryptedkey, encryptedkeysize);
891 
892 	return (kdc);
893 failed:
894 	explicit_bzero(kdc, sizeof(*kdc) + dumpkeysize);
895 	free(kdc, M_EKCD);
896 	return (NULL);
897 }
898 #endif /* EKCD */
899 
900 int
901 kerneldumpcrypto_init(struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc)
902 {
903 #ifndef EKCD
904 	return (0);
905 #else
906 	uint8_t hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
907 	SHA256_CTX ctx;
908 	struct kerneldumpkey *kdk;
909 	int error;
910 
911 	error = 0;
912 
913 	if (kdc == NULL)
914 		return (0);
915 
916 	/*
917 	 * When a user enters ddb it can write a crash dump multiple times.
918 	 * Each time it should be encrypted using a different IV.
919 	 */
920 	SHA256_Init(&ctx);
921 	SHA256_Update(&ctx, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv));
922 	SHA256_Final(hash, &ctx);
923 	bcopy(hash, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv));
924 
925 	switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
926 	case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
927 		if (rijndael_cipherInit(&kdc->kdc_ci, MODE_CBC,
928 		    kdc->kdc_iv) <= 0) {
929 			error = EINVAL;
930 			goto out;
931 		}
932 		break;
933 	default:
934 		error = EINVAL;
935 		goto out;
936 	}
937 
938 	kdc->kdc_nextoffset = 0;
939 
940 	kdk = kdc->kdc_dumpkey;
941 	memcpy(kdk->kdk_iv, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdk->kdk_iv));
942 out:
943 	explicit_bzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
944 	return (error);
945 #endif
946 }
947 
948 uint32_t
949 kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(const struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc)
950 {
951 
952 #ifdef EKCD
953 	if (kdc == NULL)
954 		return (0);
955 	return (kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize);
956 #else
957 	return (0);
958 #endif
959 }
960 
961 /* Registration of dumpers */
962 int
963 set_dumper(struct dumperinfo *di, const char *devname, struct thread *td,
964     uint8_t encryption, const uint8_t *key, uint32_t encryptedkeysize,
965     const uint8_t *encryptedkey)
966 {
967 	size_t wantcopy;
968 	int error;
969 
970 	error = priv_check(td, PRIV_SETDUMPER);
971 	if (error != 0)
972 		return (error);
973 
974 	if (di == NULL) {
975 		error = 0;
976 		goto cleanup;
977 	}
978 	if (dumper.dumper != NULL)
979 		return (EBUSY);
980 	dumper = *di;
981 	dumper.blockbuf = NULL;
982 	dumper.kdc = NULL;
983 
984 	if (encryption != KERNELDUMP_ENC_NONE) {
985 #ifdef EKCD
986 		dumper.kdc = kerneldumpcrypto_create(di->blocksize, encryption,
987 		    key, encryptedkeysize, encryptedkey);
988 		if (dumper.kdc == NULL) {
989 			error = EINVAL;
990 			goto cleanup;
991 		}
992 #else
993 		error = EOPNOTSUPP;
994 		goto cleanup;
995 #endif
996 	}
997 
998 	wantcopy = strlcpy(dumpdevname, devname, sizeof(dumpdevname));
999 	if (wantcopy >= sizeof(dumpdevname)) {
1000 		printf("set_dumper: device name truncated from '%s' -> '%s'\n",
1001 			devname, dumpdevname);
1002 	}
1003 
1004 	dumper.blockbuf = malloc(di->blocksize, M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
1005 	return (0);
1006 cleanup:
1007 #ifdef EKCD
1008 	if (dumper.kdc != NULL) {
1009 		explicit_bzero(dumper.kdc, sizeof(*dumper.kdc) +
1010 		    dumper.kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize);
1011 		free(dumper.kdc, M_EKCD);
1012 	}
1013 #endif
1014 	if (dumper.blockbuf != NULL) {
1015 		explicit_bzero(dumper.blockbuf, dumper.blocksize);
1016 		free(dumper.blockbuf, M_DUMPER);
1017 	}
1018 	explicit_bzero(&dumper, sizeof(dumper));
1019 	dumpdevname[0] = '\0';
1020 	return (error);
1021 }
1022 
1023 static int
1024 dump_check_bounds(struct dumperinfo *di, off_t offset, size_t length)
1025 {
1026 
1027 	if (length != 0 && (offset < di->mediaoffset ||
1028 	    offset - di->mediaoffset + length > di->mediasize)) {
1029 		printf("Attempt to write outside dump device boundaries.\n"
1030 	    "offset(%jd), mediaoffset(%jd), length(%ju), mediasize(%jd).\n",
1031 		    (intmax_t)offset, (intmax_t)di->mediaoffset,
1032 		    (uintmax_t)length, (intmax_t)di->mediasize);
1033 		return (ENOSPC);
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	return (0);
1037 }
1038 
1039 #ifdef EKCD
1040 static int
1041 dump_encrypt(struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
1042 {
1043 
1044 	switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
1045 	case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
1046 		if (rijndael_blockEncrypt(&kdc->kdc_ci, &kdc->kdc_ki, buf,
1047 		    8 * size, buf) <= 0) {
1048 			return (EIO);
1049 		}
1050 		if (rijndael_cipherInit(&kdc->kdc_ci, MODE_CBC,
1051 		    buf + size - 16 /* IV size for AES-256-CBC */) <= 0) {
1052 			return (EIO);
1053 		}
1054 		break;
1055 	default:
1056 		return (EINVAL);
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	return (0);
1060 }
1061 
1062 /* Encrypt data and call dumper. */
1063 static int
1064 dump_encrypted_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1065     off_t offset, size_t length)
1066 {
1067 	static uint8_t buf[KERNELDUMP_BUFFER_SIZE];
1068 	struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
1069 	int error;
1070 	size_t nbytes;
1071 	off_t nextoffset;
1072 
1073 	kdc = di->kdc;
1074 
1075 	error = dump_check_bounds(di, offset, length);
1076 	if (error != 0)
1077 		return (error);
1078 
1079 	/* Signal completion. */
1080 	if (virtual == NULL && physical == 0 && offset == 0 && length == 0) {
1081 		return (di->dumper(di->priv, virtual, physical, offset,
1082 		    length));
1083 	}
1084 
1085 	/* Data have to be aligned to block size. */
1086 	if ((length % di->blocksize) != 0)
1087 		return (EINVAL);
1088 
1089 	/*
1090 	 * Data have to be written continuously becase we're encrypting using
1091 	 * CBC mode which has this assumption.
1092 	 */
1093 	if (kdc->kdc_nextoffset != 0 && kdc->kdc_nextoffset != offset)
1094 		return (EINVAL);
1095 
1096 	nextoffset = offset + (off_t)length;
1097 
1098 	while (length > 0) {
1099 		nbytes = MIN(length, sizeof(buf));
1100 		bcopy(virtual, buf, nbytes);
1101 
1102 		if (dump_encrypt(kdc, buf, nbytes) != 0)
1103 			return (EIO);
1104 
1105 		error = di->dumper(di->priv, buf, physical, offset, nbytes);
1106 		if (error != 0)
1107 			return (error);
1108 
1109 		offset += nbytes;
1110 		virtual = (void *)((uint8_t *)virtual + nbytes);
1111 		length -= nbytes;
1112 	}
1113 
1114 	kdc->kdc_nextoffset = nextoffset;
1115 
1116 	return (0);
1117 }
1118 #endif /* EKCD */
1119 
1120 /* Call dumper with bounds checking. */
1121 static int
1122 dump_raw_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1123     off_t offset, size_t length)
1124 {
1125 	int error;
1126 
1127 	error = dump_check_bounds(di, offset, length);
1128 	if (error != 0)
1129 		return (error);
1130 
1131 	return (di->dumper(di->priv, virtual, physical, offset, length));
1132 }
1133 
1134 int
1135 dump_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1136     off_t offset, size_t length)
1137 {
1138 
1139 #ifdef EKCD
1140 	if (di->kdc != NULL) {
1141 		return (dump_encrypted_write(di, virtual, physical, offset,
1142 		    length));
1143 	}
1144 #endif
1145 
1146 	return (dump_raw_write(di, virtual, physical, offset, length));
1147 }
1148 
1149 static int
1150 dump_pad(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, size_t length, void **buf,
1151     size_t *size)
1152 {
1153 
1154 	if (length > di->blocksize)
1155 		return (ENOMEM);
1156 
1157 	*size = di->blocksize;
1158 	if (length == di->blocksize) {
1159 		*buf = virtual;
1160 	} else {
1161 		*buf = di->blockbuf;
1162 		memcpy(*buf, virtual, length);
1163 		memset((uint8_t *)*buf + length, 0, di->blocksize - length);
1164 	}
1165 
1166 	return (0);
1167 }
1168 
1169 static int
1170 dump_raw_write_pad(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1171     off_t offset, size_t length, size_t *size)
1172 {
1173 	void *buf;
1174 	int error;
1175 
1176 	error = dump_pad(di, virtual, length, &buf, size);
1177 	if (error != 0)
1178 		return (error);
1179 
1180 	return (dump_raw_write(di, buf, physical, offset, *size));
1181 }
1182 
1183 int
1184 dump_write_pad(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
1185     off_t offset, size_t length, size_t *size)
1186 {
1187 	void *buf;
1188 	int error;
1189 
1190 	error = dump_pad(di, virtual, length, &buf, size);
1191 	if (error != 0)
1192 		return (error);
1193 
1194 	return (dump_write(di, buf, physical, offset, *size));
1195 }
1196 
1197 int
1198 dump_write_header(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh,
1199     vm_offset_t physical, off_t offset)
1200 {
1201 	size_t size;
1202 	int ret;
1203 
1204 	ret = dump_raw_write_pad(di, kdh, physical, offset, sizeof(*kdh),
1205 	    &size);
1206 	if (ret == 0 && size != di->blocksize)
1207 		ret = EINVAL;
1208 	return (ret);
1209 }
1210 
1211 int
1212 dump_write_key(struct dumperinfo *di, vm_offset_t physical, off_t offset)
1213 {
1214 #ifndef EKCD
1215 	return (0);
1216 #else /* EKCD */
1217 	struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
1218 
1219 	kdc = di->kdc;
1220 	if (kdc == NULL)
1221 		return (0);
1222 
1223 	return (dump_raw_write(di, kdc->kdc_dumpkey, physical, offset,
1224 	    kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize));
1225 #endif /* !EKCD */
1226 }
1227 
1228 void
1229 mkdumpheader(struct kerneldumpheader *kdh, char *magic, uint32_t archver,
1230     uint64_t dumplen, uint32_t dumpkeysize, uint32_t blksz)
1231 {
1232 
1233 	bzero(kdh, sizeof(*kdh));
1234 	strlcpy(kdh->magic, magic, sizeof(kdh->magic));
1235 	strlcpy(kdh->architecture, MACHINE_ARCH, sizeof(kdh->architecture));
1236 	kdh->version = htod32(KERNELDUMPVERSION);
1237 	kdh->architectureversion = htod32(archver);
1238 	kdh->dumplength = htod64(dumplen);
1239 	kdh->dumptime = htod64(time_second);
1240 	kdh->dumpkeysize = htod32(dumpkeysize);
1241 	kdh->blocksize = htod32(blksz);
1242 	strlcpy(kdh->hostname, prison0.pr_hostname, sizeof(kdh->hostname));
1243 	strlcpy(kdh->versionstring, version, sizeof(kdh->versionstring));
1244 	if (panicstr != NULL)
1245 		strlcpy(kdh->panicstring, panicstr, sizeof(kdh->panicstring));
1246 	kdh->parity = kerneldump_parity(kdh);
1247 }
1248 
1249 #ifdef DDB
1250 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(panic, db_show_panic)
1251 {
1252 
1253 	if (panicstr == NULL)
1254 		db_printf("panicstr not set\n");
1255 	else
1256 		db_printf("panic: %s\n", panicstr);
1257 }
1258 #endif
1259