xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/kern_fail.c (revision d9f0ce31900a48d1a2bfc1c8c86f79d1e831451a)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2009 Isilon Inc http://www.isilon.com/
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12  *
13  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
14  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
16  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
17  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
18  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
19  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
20  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
21  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
22  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
23  * SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 /**
26  * @file
27  *
28  * fail(9) Facility.
29  *
30  * @ingroup failpoint_private
31  */
32 /**
33  * @defgroup failpoint fail(9) Facility
34  *
35  * Failpoints allow for injecting fake errors into running code on the fly,
36  * without modifying code or recompiling with flags.  Failpoints are always
37  * present, and are very efficient when disabled.  Failpoints are described
38  * in man fail(9).
39  */
40 /**
41  * @defgroup failpoint_private Private fail(9) Implementation functions
42  *
43  * Private implementations for the actual failpoint code.
44  *
45  * @ingroup failpoint
46  */
47 /**
48  * @addtogroup failpoint_private
49  * @{
50  */
51 
52 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
53 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
54 
55 #include "opt_stack.h"
56 
57 #include <sys/ctype.h>
58 #include <sys/errno.h>
59 #include <sys/fail.h>
60 #include <sys/kernel.h>
61 #include <sys/libkern.h>
62 #include <sys/limits.h>
63 #include <sys/lock.h>
64 #include <sys/malloc.h>
65 #include <sys/mutex.h>
66 #include <sys/proc.h>
67 #include <sys/sbuf.h>
68 #include <sys/sleepqueue.h>
69 #include <sys/sx.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/types.h>
72 
73 #include <machine/atomic.h>
74 #include <machine/stdarg.h>
75 
76 #ifdef ILOG_DEFINE_FOR_FILE
77 ILOG_DEFINE_FOR_FILE(L_ISI_FAIL_POINT, L_ILOG, fail_point);
78 #endif
79 
80 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_FAIL_POINT, "Fail Points", "fail points system");
81 #define fp_free(ptr) free(ptr, M_FAIL_POINT)
82 #define fp_malloc(size, flags) malloc((size), M_FAIL_POINT, (flags))
83 #define fs_free(ptr) fp_free(ptr)
84 #define fs_malloc() fp_malloc(sizeof(struct fail_point_setting), \
85         M_WAITOK | M_ZERO)
86 
87  /**
88   * These define the wchans that are used for sleeping, pausing respectively.
89   * They are chosen arbitrarily but need to be distinct to the failpoint and
90   * the sleep/pause distinction.
91   */
92 #define FP_SLEEP_CHANNEL(fp) (void*)(fp)
93 #define FP_PAUSE_CHANNEL(fp) __DEVOLATILE(void*, &fp->fp_setting)
94 
95 /**
96  * Don't allow more than this many entries in a fail point set by sysctl.
97  * The 99.99...% case is to have 1 entry.  I can't imagine having this many
98  * entries, so it should not limit us.  Saves on re-mallocs while holding
99  * a non-sleepable lock.
100  */
101 #define FP_MAX_ENTRY_COUNT 20
102 
103 /* Used to drain sbufs to the sysctl output */
104 int fail_sysctl_drain_func(void *, const char *, int);
105 
106 /* Head of tailq of struct fail_point_entry */
107 TAILQ_HEAD(fail_point_entry_queue, fail_point_entry);
108 
109 /**
110  * fp entries garbage list; outstanding entries are cleaned up in the
111  * garbage collector
112  */
113 STAILQ_HEAD(fail_point_setting_garbage, fail_point_setting);
114 static struct fail_point_setting_garbage fp_setting_garbage =
115         STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(fp_setting_garbage);
116 static struct mtx mtx_garbage_list;
117 MTX_SYSINIT(mtx_garbage_list, &mtx_garbage_list, "fail point garbage mtx",
118         MTX_SPIN);
119 
120 static struct sx sx_fp_set;
121 SX_SYSINIT(sx_fp_set, &sx_fp_set, "fail point set sx");
122 
123 /**
124  * Failpoint types.
125  * Don't change these without changing fail_type_strings in fail.c.
126  * @ingroup failpoint_private
127  */
128 enum fail_point_t {
129 	FAIL_POINT_OFF,		/**< don't fail */
130 	FAIL_POINT_PANIC,	/**< panic */
131 	FAIL_POINT_RETURN,	/**< return an errorcode */
132 	FAIL_POINT_BREAK,	/**< break into the debugger */
133 	FAIL_POINT_PRINT,	/**< print a message */
134 	FAIL_POINT_SLEEP,	/**< sleep for some msecs */
135 	FAIL_POINT_PAUSE,	/**< sleep until failpoint is set to off */
136 	FAIL_POINT_YIELD,	/**< yield the cpu */
137 	FAIL_POINT_DELAY,	/**< busy wait the cpu */
138 	FAIL_POINT_NUMTYPES,
139 	FAIL_POINT_INVALID = -1
140 };
141 
142 static struct {
143 	const char *name;
144 	int	nmlen;
145 } fail_type_strings[] = {
146 #define	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN(s)	{ s, sizeof(s) - 1 }
147 	[FAIL_POINT_OFF] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("off"),
148 	[FAIL_POINT_PANIC] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("panic"),
149 	[FAIL_POINT_RETURN] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("return"),
150 	[FAIL_POINT_BREAK] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("break"),
151 	[FAIL_POINT_PRINT] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("print"),
152 	[FAIL_POINT_SLEEP] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("sleep"),
153 	[FAIL_POINT_PAUSE] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("pause"),
154 	[FAIL_POINT_YIELD] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("yield"),
155 	[FAIL_POINT_DELAY] =	FP_TYPE_NM_LEN("delay"),
156 };
157 
158 #define FE_COUNT_UNTRACKED (INT_MIN)
159 
160 /**
161  * Internal structure tracking a single term of a complete failpoint.
162  * @ingroup failpoint_private
163  */
164 struct fail_point_entry {
165 	volatile bool	fe_stale;
166 	enum fail_point_t	fe_type;	/**< type of entry */
167 	int		fe_arg;		/**< argument to type (e.g. return value) */
168 	int		fe_prob;	/**< likelihood of firing in millionths */
169 	int		fe_count;	/**< number of times to fire, -1 means infinite */
170 	pid_t		fe_pid;		/**< only fail for this process */
171 	struct fail_point	*fe_parent;	/**< backpointer to fp */
172 	TAILQ_ENTRY(fail_point_entry)	fe_entries; /**< next entry ptr */
173 };
174 
175 struct fail_point_setting {
176 	STAILQ_ENTRY(fail_point_setting) fs_garbage_link;
177 	struct fail_point_entry_queue fp_entry_queue;
178 	struct fail_point * fs_parent;
179 	struct mtx feq_mtx; /* Gives fail_point_pause something to do.  */
180 };
181 
182 /**
183  * Defines stating the equivalent of probablilty one (100%)
184  */
185 enum {
186 	PROB_MAX = 1000000,	/* probability between zero and this number */
187 	PROB_DIGITS = 6		/* number of zero's in above number */
188 };
189 
190 /* Get a ref on an fp's fp_setting */
191 static inline struct fail_point_setting *fail_point_setting_get_ref(
192         struct fail_point *fp);
193 /* Release a ref on an fp_setting */
194 static inline void fail_point_setting_release_ref(struct fail_point *fp);
195 /* Allocate and initialize a struct fail_point_setting */
196 static struct fail_point_setting *fail_point_setting_new(struct
197         fail_point *);
198 /* Free a struct fail_point_setting */
199 static void fail_point_setting_destroy(struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting);
200 /* Allocate and initialize a struct fail_point_entry */
201 static struct fail_point_entry *fail_point_entry_new(struct
202         fail_point_setting *);
203 /* Free a struct fail_point_entry */
204 static void fail_point_entry_destroy(struct fail_point_entry *fp_entry);
205 /* Append fp setting to garbage list */
206 static inline void fail_point_setting_garbage_append(
207         struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting);
208 /* Swap fp's setting with fp_setting_new */
209 static inline struct fail_point_setting *
210         fail_point_swap_settings(struct fail_point *fp,
211         struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting_new);
212 /* Free up any zero-ref setting in the garbage queue */
213 static void fail_point_garbage_collect(void);
214 /* If this fail point's setting are empty, then swap it out to NULL. */
215 static inline void fail_point_eval_swap_out(struct fail_point *fp,
216         struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting);
217 
218 bool
219 fail_point_is_off(struct fail_point *fp)
220 {
221 	bool return_val;
222 	struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting;
223 	struct fail_point_entry *ent;
224 
225 	return_val = true;
226 
227 	fp_setting = fail_point_setting_get_ref(fp);
228 	if (fp_setting != NULL) {
229 		TAILQ_FOREACH(ent, &fp_setting->fp_entry_queue,
230 		    fe_entries) {
231 			if (!ent->fe_stale) {
232 				return_val = false;
233 				break;
234 			}
235 		}
236 	}
237 	fail_point_setting_release_ref(fp);
238 
239 	return (return_val);
240 }
241 
242 /* Allocate and initialize a struct fail_point_setting */
243 static struct fail_point_setting *
244 fail_point_setting_new(struct fail_point *fp)
245 {
246 	struct fail_point_setting *fs_new;
247 
248 	fs_new = fs_malloc();
249 	fs_new->fs_parent = fp;
250 	TAILQ_INIT(&fs_new->fp_entry_queue);
251 	mtx_init(&fs_new->feq_mtx, "fail point entries", NULL, MTX_SPIN);
252 
253 	fail_point_setting_garbage_append(fs_new);
254 
255 	return (fs_new);
256 }
257 
258 /* Free a struct fail_point_setting */
259 static void
260 fail_point_setting_destroy(struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting)
261 {
262 	struct fail_point_entry *ent;
263 
264 	while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&fp_setting->fp_entry_queue)) {
265 		ent = TAILQ_FIRST(&fp_setting->fp_entry_queue);
266 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&fp_setting->fp_entry_queue, ent, fe_entries);
267 		fail_point_entry_destroy(ent);
268 	}
269 
270 	fs_free(fp_setting);
271 }
272 
273 /* Allocate and initialize a struct fail_point_entry */
274 static struct fail_point_entry *
275 fail_point_entry_new(struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting)
276 {
277 	struct fail_point_entry *fp_entry;
278 
279 	fp_entry = fp_malloc(sizeof(struct fail_point_entry),
280 	        M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
281 	fp_entry->fe_parent = fp_setting->fs_parent;
282 	fp_entry->fe_prob = PROB_MAX;
283 	fp_entry->fe_pid = NO_PID;
284 	fp_entry->fe_count = FE_COUNT_UNTRACKED;
285 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&fp_setting->fp_entry_queue, fp_entry,
286 	        fe_entries);
287 
288 	return (fp_entry);
289 }
290 
291 /* Free a struct fail_point_entry */
292 static void
293 fail_point_entry_destroy(struct fail_point_entry *fp_entry)
294 {
295 
296 	fp_free(fp_entry);
297 }
298 
299 /* Get a ref on an fp's fp_setting */
300 static inline struct fail_point_setting *
301 fail_point_setting_get_ref(struct fail_point *fp)
302 {
303 	struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting;
304 
305 	/* Invariant: if we have a ref, our pointer to fp_setting is safe */
306 	atomic_add_acq_32(&fp->fp_ref_cnt, 1);
307 	fp_setting = fp->fp_setting;
308 
309 	return (fp_setting);
310 }
311 
312 /* Release a ref on an fp_setting */
313 static inline void
314 fail_point_setting_release_ref(struct fail_point *fp)
315 {
316 
317 	KASSERT(&fp->fp_ref_cnt > 0, ("Attempting to deref w/no refs"));
318 	atomic_subtract_rel_32(&fp->fp_ref_cnt, 1);
319 }
320 
321 /* Append fp entries to fp garbage list */
322 static inline void
323 fail_point_setting_garbage_append(struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting)
324 {
325 
326 	mtx_lock_spin(&mtx_garbage_list);
327 	STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&fp_setting_garbage, fp_setting,
328 	        fs_garbage_link);
329 	mtx_unlock_spin(&mtx_garbage_list);
330 }
331 
332 /* Swap fp's entries with fp_setting_new */
333 static struct fail_point_setting *
334 fail_point_swap_settings(struct fail_point *fp,
335         struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting_new)
336 {
337 	struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting_old;
338 
339 	fp_setting_old = fp->fp_setting;
340 	fp->fp_setting = fp_setting_new;
341 
342 	return (fp_setting_old);
343 }
344 
345 static inline void
346 fail_point_eval_swap_out(struct fail_point *fp,
347         struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting)
348 {
349 
350 	/* We may have already been swapped out and replaced; ignore. */
351 	if (fp->fp_setting == fp_setting)
352 		fail_point_swap_settings(fp, NULL);
353 }
354 
355 /* Free up any zero-ref entries in the garbage queue */
356 static void
357 fail_point_garbage_collect()
358 {
359 	struct fail_point_setting *fs_current, *fs_next;
360 	struct fail_point_setting_garbage fp_ents_free_list;
361 
362 	/**
363 	  * We will transfer the entries to free to fp_ents_free_list while holding
364 	  * the spin mutex, then free it after we drop the lock. This avoids
365 	  * triggering witness due to sleepable mutexes in the memory
366 	  * allocator.
367 	  */
368 	STAILQ_INIT(&fp_ents_free_list);
369 
370 	mtx_lock_spin(&mtx_garbage_list);
371 	STAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(fs_current, &fp_setting_garbage, fs_garbage_link,
372 	    fs_next) {
373 		if (fs_current->fs_parent->fp_setting != fs_current &&
374 		        fs_current->fs_parent->fp_ref_cnt == 0) {
375 			STAILQ_REMOVE(&fp_setting_garbage, fs_current,
376 			        fail_point_setting, fs_garbage_link);
377 			STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&fp_ents_free_list, fs_current,
378 			        fs_garbage_link);
379 		}
380 	}
381 	mtx_unlock_spin(&mtx_garbage_list);
382 
383 	STAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(fs_current, &fp_ents_free_list, fs_garbage_link,
384 	        fs_next)
385 		fail_point_setting_destroy(fs_current);
386 }
387 
388 /* Drain out all refs from this fail point */
389 static inline void
390 fail_point_drain(struct fail_point *fp, int expected_ref)
391 {
392 	struct fail_point_setting *entries;
393 
394 	entries = fail_point_swap_settings(fp, NULL);
395 	/**
396 	 * We have unpaused all threads; so we will wait no longer
397 	 * than the time taken for the longest remaining sleep, or
398 	 * the length of time of a long-running code block.
399 	 */
400 	while (fp->fp_ref_cnt > expected_ref) {
401 		wakeup(FP_PAUSE_CHANNEL(fp));
402 		tsleep(&fp, PWAIT, "fail_point_drain", hz / 100);
403 	}
404 	fail_point_swap_settings(fp, entries);
405 }
406 
407 static inline void
408 fail_point_pause(struct fail_point *fp, enum fail_point_return_code *pret,
409         struct mtx *mtx_sleep)
410 {
411 
412 	if (fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn)
413 		fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn(fp->fp_pre_sleep_arg);
414 
415 	msleep_spin(FP_PAUSE_CHANNEL(fp), mtx_sleep, "failpt", 0);
416 
417 	if (fp->fp_post_sleep_fn)
418 		fp->fp_post_sleep_fn(fp->fp_post_sleep_arg);
419 }
420 
421 static inline void
422 fail_point_sleep(struct fail_point *fp, int msecs,
423         enum fail_point_return_code *pret)
424 {
425 	int timo;
426 
427 	/* Convert from millisecs to ticks, rounding up */
428 	timo = howmany(msecs * hz, 1000);
429 
430 	if (timo > 0) {
431 		if (!(fp->fp_flags & FAIL_POINT_USE_TIMEOUT_PATH)) {
432 			if (fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn)
433 				fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn(fp->fp_pre_sleep_arg);
434 
435 			tsleep(FP_SLEEP_CHANNEL(fp), PWAIT, "failpt", timo);
436 
437 			if (fp->fp_post_sleep_fn)
438 				fp->fp_post_sleep_fn(fp->fp_post_sleep_arg);
439 		} else {
440 			if (fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn)
441 				fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn(fp->fp_pre_sleep_arg);
442 
443 			timeout(fp->fp_post_sleep_fn, fp->fp_post_sleep_arg,
444 			        timo);
445 			*pret = FAIL_POINT_RC_QUEUED;
446 		}
447 	}
448 }
449 
450 static char *parse_fail_point(struct fail_point_setting *, char *);
451 static char *parse_term(struct fail_point_setting *, char *);
452 static char *parse_number(int *out_units, int *out_decimal, char *);
453 static char *parse_type(struct fail_point_entry *, char *);
454 
455 /**
456  * Initialize a fail_point.  The name is formed in a printf-like fashion
457  * from "fmt" and subsequent arguments.  This function is generally used
458  * for custom failpoints located at odd places in the sysctl tree, and is
459  * not explicitly needed for standard in-line-declared failpoints.
460  *
461  * @ingroup failpoint
462  */
463 void
464 fail_point_init(struct fail_point *fp, const char *fmt, ...)
465 {
466 	va_list ap;
467 	char *name;
468 	int n;
469 
470 	fp->fp_setting = NULL;
471 	fp->fp_flags = 0;
472 
473 	/* Figure out the size of the name. */
474 	va_start(ap, fmt);
475 	n = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
476 	va_end(ap);
477 
478 	/* Allocate the name and fill it in. */
479 	name = fp_malloc(n + 1, M_WAITOK);
480 	if (name != NULL) {
481 		va_start(ap, fmt);
482 		vsnprintf(name, n + 1, fmt, ap);
483 		va_end(ap);
484 	}
485 	fp->fp_name = name;
486 	fp->fp_location = "";
487 	fp->fp_flags |= FAIL_POINT_DYNAMIC_NAME;
488 	fp->fp_pre_sleep_fn = NULL;
489 	fp->fp_pre_sleep_arg = NULL;
490 	fp->fp_post_sleep_fn = NULL;
491 	fp->fp_post_sleep_arg = NULL;
492 }
493 
494 /**
495  * Free the resources held by a fail_point, and wake any paused threads.
496  * Thou shalt not allow threads to hit this fail point after you enter this
497  * function, nor shall you call this multiple times for a given fp.
498  * @ingroup failpoint
499  */
500 void
501 fail_point_destroy(struct fail_point *fp)
502 {
503 
504 	fail_point_drain(fp, 0);
505 
506 	if ((fp->fp_flags & FAIL_POINT_DYNAMIC_NAME) != 0) {
507 		fp_free(__DECONST(void *, fp->fp_name));
508 		fp->fp_name = NULL;
509 	}
510 	fp->fp_flags = 0;
511 
512 	sx_xlock(&sx_fp_set);
513 	fail_point_garbage_collect();
514 	sx_xunlock(&sx_fp_set);
515 }
516 
517 /**
518  * This does the real work of evaluating a fail point. If the fail point tells
519  * us to return a value, this function returns 1 and fills in 'return_value'
520  * (return_value is allowed to be null). If the fail point tells us to panic,
521  * we never return. Otherwise we just return 0 after doing some work, which
522  * means "keep going".
523  */
524 enum fail_point_return_code
525 fail_point_eval_nontrivial(struct fail_point *fp, int *return_value)
526 {
527 	bool execute = false;
528 	struct fail_point_entry *ent;
529 	struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting;
530 	enum fail_point_return_code ret;
531 	int cont;
532 	int count;
533 	int msecs;
534 	int usecs;
535 
536 	ret = FAIL_POINT_RC_CONTINUE;
537 	cont = 0; /* don't continue by default */
538 
539 	fp_setting = fail_point_setting_get_ref(fp);
540 	if (fp_setting == NULL)
541 		goto abort;
542 
543 	TAILQ_FOREACH(ent, &fp_setting->fp_entry_queue, fe_entries) {
544 
545 		if (ent->fe_stale)
546 			continue;
547 
548 		if (ent->fe_prob < PROB_MAX &&
549 		    ent->fe_prob < random() % PROB_MAX)
550 			continue;
551 
552 		if (ent->fe_pid != NO_PID && ent->fe_pid != curproc->p_pid)
553 			continue;
554 
555 		if (ent->fe_count != FE_COUNT_UNTRACKED) {
556 			count = ent->fe_count;
557 			while (count > 0) {
558 				if (atomic_cmpset_32(&ent->fe_count, count, count - 1)) {
559 					count--;
560 					execute = true;
561 					break;
562 				}
563 				count = ent->fe_count;
564 			}
565 			if (execute == false)
566 				/* We lost the race; consider the entry stale and bail now */
567 				continue;
568 			if (count == 0)
569 				ent->fe_stale = true;
570 		}
571 
572 		switch (ent->fe_type) {
573 		case FAIL_POINT_PANIC:
574 			panic("fail point %s panicking", fp->fp_name);
575 			/* NOTREACHED */
576 
577 		case FAIL_POINT_RETURN:
578 			if (return_value != NULL)
579 				*return_value = ent->fe_arg;
580 			ret = FAIL_POINT_RC_RETURN;
581 			break;
582 
583 		case FAIL_POINT_BREAK:
584 			printf("fail point %s breaking to debugger\n",
585 			        fp->fp_name);
586 			breakpoint();
587 			break;
588 
589 		case FAIL_POINT_PRINT:
590 			printf("fail point %s executing\n", fp->fp_name);
591 			cont = ent->fe_arg;
592 			break;
593 
594 		case FAIL_POINT_SLEEP:
595 			msecs = ent->fe_arg;
596 			if (msecs)
597 				fail_point_sleep(fp, msecs, &ret);
598 			break;
599 
600 		case FAIL_POINT_PAUSE:
601 			/**
602 			 * Pausing is inherently strange with multiple
603 			 * entries given our design.  That is because some
604 			 * entries could be unreachable, for instance in cases like:
605 			 * pause->return. We can never reach the return entry.
606 			 * The sysctl layer actually truncates all entries after
607 			 * a pause for this reason.
608 			 */
609 			mtx_lock_spin(&fp_setting->feq_mtx);
610 			fail_point_pause(fp, &ret, &fp_setting->feq_mtx);
611 			mtx_unlock_spin(&fp_setting->feq_mtx);
612 			break;
613 
614 		case FAIL_POINT_YIELD:
615 			kern_yield(-1);
616 			break;
617 
618 		case FAIL_POINT_DELAY:
619 			usecs = ent->fe_arg;
620 			DELAY(usecs);
621 			break;
622 
623 		default:
624 			break;
625 		}
626 
627 		if (cont == 0)
628 			break;
629 	}
630 
631 	if (fail_point_is_off(fp))
632 		fail_point_eval_swap_out(fp, fp_setting);
633 
634 abort:
635 	fail_point_setting_release_ref(fp);
636 
637 	return (ret);
638 
639 }
640 
641 /**
642  * Translate internal fail_point structure into human-readable text.
643  */
644 static void
645 fail_point_get(struct fail_point *fp, struct sbuf *sb,
646         bool verbose)
647 {
648 	struct fail_point_entry *ent;
649 	struct fail_point_setting *fp_setting;
650 	struct fail_point_entry *fp_entry_cpy;
651 	int cnt_sleeping;
652 	int idx;
653 	int printed_entry_count;
654 
655 	cnt_sleeping = 0;
656 	idx = 0;
657 	printed_entry_count = 0;
658 
659 	fp_entry_cpy = fp_malloc(sizeof(struct fail_point_entry) *
660 	        (FP_MAX_ENTRY_COUNT + 1), M_WAITOK);
661 
662 	fp_setting = fail_point_setting_get_ref(fp);
663 
664 	if (fp_setting != NULL) {
665 		TAILQ_FOREACH(ent, &fp_setting->fp_entry_queue, fe_entries) {
666 			if (ent->fe_stale)
667 				continue;
668 
669 			KASSERT(printed_entry_count < FP_MAX_ENTRY_COUNT,
670 			        ("FP entry list larger than allowed"));
671 
672 			fp_entry_cpy[printed_entry_count] = *ent;
673 			++printed_entry_count;
674 		}
675 	}
676 	fail_point_setting_release_ref(fp);
677 
678 	/* This is our equivalent of a NULL terminator */
679 	fp_entry_cpy[printed_entry_count].fe_type = FAIL_POINT_INVALID;
680 
681 	while (idx < printed_entry_count) {
682 		ent = &fp_entry_cpy[idx];
683 		++idx;
684 		if (ent->fe_prob < PROB_MAX) {
685 			int decimal = ent->fe_prob % (PROB_MAX / 100);
686 			int units = ent->fe_prob / (PROB_MAX / 100);
687 			sbuf_printf(sb, "%d", units);
688 			if (decimal) {
689 				int digits = PROB_DIGITS - 2;
690 				while (!(decimal % 10)) {
691 					digits--;
692 					decimal /= 10;
693 				}
694 				sbuf_printf(sb, ".%0*d", digits, decimal);
695 			}
696 			sbuf_printf(sb, "%%");
697 		}
698 		if (ent->fe_count >= 0)
699 			sbuf_printf(sb, "%d*", ent->fe_count);
700 		sbuf_printf(sb, "%s", fail_type_strings[ent->fe_type].name);
701 		if (ent->fe_arg)
702 			sbuf_printf(sb, "(%d)", ent->fe_arg);
703 		if (ent->fe_pid != NO_PID)
704 			sbuf_printf(sb, "[pid %d]", ent->fe_pid);
705 		if (TAILQ_NEXT(ent, fe_entries))
706 			sbuf_printf(sb, "->");
707 	}
708 	if (!printed_entry_count)
709 		sbuf_printf(sb, "off");
710 
711 	fp_free(fp_entry_cpy);
712 	if (verbose) {
713 #ifdef STACK
714 		/* Print number of sleeping threads. queue=0 is the argument
715 		 * used by msleep when sending our threads to sleep. */
716 		sbuf_printf(sb, "\nsleeping_thread_stacks = {\n");
717 		sleepq_sbuf_print_stacks(sb, FP_SLEEP_CHANNEL(fp), 0,
718 		        &cnt_sleeping);
719 
720 		sbuf_printf(sb, "},\n");
721 #endif
722 		sbuf_printf(sb, "sleeping_thread_count = %d,\n",
723 		        cnt_sleeping);
724 
725 #ifdef STACK
726 		sbuf_printf(sb, "paused_thread_stacks = {\n");
727 		sleepq_sbuf_print_stacks(sb, FP_PAUSE_CHANNEL(fp), 0,
728 		        &cnt_sleeping);
729 
730 		sbuf_printf(sb, "},\n");
731 #endif
732 		sbuf_printf(sb, "paused_thread_count = %d\n",
733 		        cnt_sleeping);
734 	}
735 }
736 
737 /**
738  * Set an internal fail_point structure from a human-readable failpoint string
739  * in a lock-safe manner.
740  */
741 static int
742 fail_point_set(struct fail_point *fp, char *buf)
743 {
744 	struct fail_point_entry *ent, *ent_next;
745 	struct fail_point_setting *entries;
746 	bool should_wake_paused;
747 	bool should_truncate;
748 	int error;
749 
750 	error = 0;
751 	should_wake_paused = false;
752 	should_truncate = false;
753 
754 	/* Parse new entries. */
755 	/**
756 	 * ref protects our new malloc'd stuff from being garbage collected
757 	 * before we link it.
758 	 */
759 	fail_point_setting_get_ref(fp);
760 	entries = fail_point_setting_new(fp);
761 	if (parse_fail_point(entries, buf) == NULL) {
762 		STAILQ_REMOVE(&fp_setting_garbage, entries,
763 		        fail_point_setting, fs_garbage_link);
764 		fail_point_setting_destroy(entries);
765 		error = EINVAL;
766 		goto end;
767 	}
768 
769 	/**
770 	 * Transfer the entries we are going to keep to a new list.
771 	 * Get rid of useless zero probability entries, and entries with hit
772 	 * count 0.
773 	 * If 'off' is present, and it has no hit count set, then all entries
774 	 *       after it are discarded since they are unreachable.
775 	 */
776 	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ent, &entries->fp_entry_queue, fe_entries, ent_next) {
777 		if (ent->fe_prob == 0 || ent->fe_count == 0) {
778 			printf("Discarding entry which cannot execute %s\n",
779 			        fail_type_strings[ent->fe_type].name);
780 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&entries->fp_entry_queue, ent,
781 			        fe_entries);
782 			fp_free(ent);
783 			continue;
784 		} else if (should_truncate) {
785 			printf("Discarding unreachable entry %s\n",
786 			        fail_type_strings[ent->fe_type].name);
787 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&entries->fp_entry_queue, ent,
788 			        fe_entries);
789 			fp_free(ent);
790 			continue;
791 		}
792 
793 		if (ent->fe_type == FAIL_POINT_OFF) {
794 			should_wake_paused = true;
795 			if (ent->fe_count == FE_COUNT_UNTRACKED) {
796 				should_truncate = true;
797 				TAILQ_REMOVE(&entries->fp_entry_queue, ent,
798 				        fe_entries);
799 				fp_free(ent);
800 			}
801 		} else if (ent->fe_type == FAIL_POINT_PAUSE) {
802 			should_truncate = true;
803 		} else if (ent->fe_type == FAIL_POINT_SLEEP && (fp->fp_flags &
804 		        FAIL_POINT_NONSLEEPABLE)) {
805 			/**
806 			 * If this fail point is annotated as being in a
807 			 * non-sleepable ctx, convert sleep to delay and
808 			 * convert the msec argument to usecs.
809 			 */
810 			printf("Sleep call request on fail point in "
811 			        "non-sleepable context; using delay instead "
812 			        "of sleep\n");
813 			ent->fe_type = FAIL_POINT_DELAY;
814 			ent->fe_arg *= 1000;
815 		}
816 	}
817 
818 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&entries->fp_entry_queue)) {
819 		entries = fail_point_swap_settings(fp, NULL);
820 		if (entries != NULL)
821 			wakeup(FP_PAUSE_CHANNEL(fp));
822 	} else {
823 		if (should_wake_paused)
824 			wakeup(FP_PAUSE_CHANNEL(fp));
825 		fail_point_swap_settings(fp, entries);
826 	}
827 
828 end:
829 #ifdef IWARNING
830 	if (error)
831 		IWARNING("Failed to set %s %s to %s",
832 		    fp->fp_name, fp->fp_location, buf);
833 	else
834 		INOTICE("Set %s %s to %s",
835 		    fp->fp_name, fp->fp_location, buf);
836 #endif /* IWARNING */
837 
838 	fail_point_setting_release_ref(fp);
839 	return (error);
840 }
841 
842 #define MAX_FAIL_POINT_BUF	1023
843 
844 /**
845  * Handle kernel failpoint set/get.
846  */
847 
848 int
849 fail_point_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
850 {
851 	struct fail_point *fp;
852 	char *buf;
853 	struct sbuf *sb_check;
854 	struct sbuf sb;
855 	int error;
856 
857 	error = 0;
858 	fp = arg1;
859 	buf = NULL;
860 
861 	sb_check = sbuf_new(&sb, NULL, 1024, SBUF_AUTOEXTEND);
862 	if (sb_check != &sb)
863 		return (ENOMEM);
864 
865 	sbuf_set_drain(&sb, (sbuf_drain_func *)fail_sysctl_drain_func, req);
866 
867 	/* Setting */
868 	/**
869 	 * Lock protects any new entries from being garbage collected before we
870 	 * can link them to the fail point.
871 	 */
872 	sx_xlock(&sx_fp_set);
873 	if (req->newptr) {
874 		if (req->newlen > MAX_FAIL_POINT_BUF) {
875 			error = EINVAL;
876 			goto out;
877 		}
878 
879 		buf = fp_malloc(req->newlen + 1, M_WAITOK);
880 
881 		error = SYSCTL_IN(req, buf, req->newlen);
882 		if (error)
883 			goto out;
884 		buf[req->newlen] = '\0';
885 
886 		error = fail_point_set(fp, buf);
887 	}
888 
889 	fail_point_garbage_collect();
890 	sx_xunlock(&sx_fp_set);
891 
892 	/* Retrieving. */
893 	fail_point_get(fp, &sb, false);
894 
895 out:
896 	sbuf_finish(&sb);
897 	sbuf_delete(&sb);
898 
899 	if (buf)
900 		fp_free(buf);
901 
902 	return (error);
903 }
904 
905 int
906 fail_point_sysctl_status(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
907 {
908 	struct fail_point *fp;
909 	struct sbuf sb, *sb_check;
910 
911 	fp = arg1;
912 
913 	sb_check = sbuf_new(&sb, NULL, 1024, SBUF_AUTOEXTEND);
914 	if (sb_check != &sb)
915 		return (ENOMEM);
916 
917 	sbuf_set_drain(&sb, (sbuf_drain_func *)fail_sysctl_drain_func, req);
918 
919 	/* Retrieving. */
920 	fail_point_get(fp, &sb, true);
921 
922 	sbuf_finish(&sb);
923 	sbuf_delete(&sb);
924 
925 	/**
926 	 * Lock protects any new entries from being garbage collected before we
927 	 * can link them to the fail point.
928 	 */
929 	sx_xlock(&sx_fp_set);
930 	fail_point_garbage_collect();
931 	sx_xunlock(&sx_fp_set);
932 
933 	return (0);
934 }
935 
936 int
937 fail_sysctl_drain_func(void *sysctl_args, const char *buf, int len)
938 {
939 	struct sysctl_req *sa;
940 	int error;
941 
942 	sa = sysctl_args;
943 
944 	error = SYSCTL_OUT(sa, buf, len);
945 
946 	if (error == ENOMEM)
947 		return (-1);
948 	else
949 		return (len);
950 }
951 
952 
953 /**
954  * Internal helper function to translate a human-readable failpoint string
955  * into a internally-parsable fail_point structure.
956  */
957 static char *
958 parse_fail_point(struct fail_point_setting *ents, char *p)
959 {
960 	/*  <fail_point> ::
961 	 *      <term> ( "->" <term> )*
962 	 */
963 	uint8_t term_count;
964 
965 	term_count = 1;
966 
967 	p = parse_term(ents, p);
968 	if (p == NULL)
969 		return (NULL);
970 
971 	while (*p != '\0') {
972 		term_count++;
973 		if (p[0] != '-' || p[1] != '>' ||
974 		        (p = parse_term(ents, p+2)) == NULL ||
975 		        term_count > FP_MAX_ENTRY_COUNT)
976 			return (NULL);
977 	}
978 	return (p);
979 }
980 
981 /**
982  * Internal helper function to parse an individual term from a failpoint.
983  */
984 static char *
985 parse_term(struct fail_point_setting *ents, char *p)
986 {
987 	struct fail_point_entry *ent;
988 
989 	ent = fail_point_entry_new(ents);
990 
991 	/*
992 	 * <term> ::
993 	 *     ( (<float> "%") | (<integer> "*" ) )*
994 	 *     <type>
995 	 *     [ "(" <integer> ")" ]
996 	 *     [ "[pid " <integer> "]" ]
997 	 */
998 
999 	/* ( (<float> "%") | (<integer> "*" ) )* */
1000 	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == '.') {
1001 		int units, decimal;
1002 
1003 		p = parse_number(&units, &decimal, p);
1004 		if (p == NULL)
1005 			return (NULL);
1006 
1007 		if (*p == '%') {
1008 			if (units > 100) /* prevent overflow early */
1009 				units = 100;
1010 			ent->fe_prob = units * (PROB_MAX / 100) + decimal;
1011 			if (ent->fe_prob > PROB_MAX)
1012 				ent->fe_prob = PROB_MAX;
1013 		} else if (*p == '*') {
1014 			if (!units || units < 0 || decimal)
1015 				return (NULL);
1016 			ent->fe_count = units;
1017 		} else
1018 			return (NULL);
1019 		p++;
1020 	}
1021 
1022 	/* <type> */
1023 	p = parse_type(ent, p);
1024 	if (p == NULL)
1025 		return (NULL);
1026 	if (*p == '\0')
1027 		return (p);
1028 
1029 	/* [ "(" <integer> ")" ] */
1030 	if (*p != '(')
1031 		return (p);
1032 	p++;
1033 	if (!isdigit(*p) && *p != '-')
1034 		return (NULL);
1035 	ent->fe_arg = strtol(p, &p, 0);
1036 	if (*p++ != ')')
1037 		return (NULL);
1038 
1039 	/* [ "[pid " <integer> "]" ] */
1040 #define PID_STRING "[pid "
1041 	if (strncmp(p, PID_STRING, sizeof(PID_STRING) - 1) != 0)
1042 		return (p);
1043 	p += sizeof(PID_STRING) - 1;
1044 	if (!isdigit(*p))
1045 		return (NULL);
1046 	ent->fe_pid = strtol(p, &p, 0);
1047 	if (*p++ != ']')
1048 		return (NULL);
1049 
1050 	return (p);
1051 }
1052 
1053 /**
1054  * Internal helper function to parse a numeric for a failpoint term.
1055  */
1056 static char *
1057 parse_number(int *out_units, int *out_decimal, char *p)
1058 {
1059 	char *old_p;
1060 
1061 	/**
1062 	 *  <number> ::
1063 	 *      <integer> [ "." <integer> ] |
1064 	 *      "." <integer>
1065 	 */
1066 
1067 	/* whole part */
1068 	old_p = p;
1069 	*out_units = strtol(p, &p, 10);
1070 	if (p == old_p && *p != '.')
1071 		return (NULL);
1072 
1073 	/* fractional part */
1074 	*out_decimal = 0;
1075 	if (*p == '.') {
1076 		int digits = 0;
1077 		p++;
1078 		while (isdigit(*p)) {
1079 			int digit = *p - '0';
1080 			if (digits < PROB_DIGITS - 2)
1081 				*out_decimal = *out_decimal * 10 + digit;
1082 			else if (digits == PROB_DIGITS - 2 && digit >= 5)
1083 				(*out_decimal)++;
1084 			digits++;
1085 			p++;
1086 		}
1087 		if (!digits) /* need at least one digit after '.' */
1088 			return (NULL);
1089 		while (digits++ < PROB_DIGITS - 2) /* add implicit zeros */
1090 			*out_decimal *= 10;
1091 	}
1092 
1093 	return (p); /* success */
1094 }
1095 
1096 /**
1097  * Internal helper function to parse an individual type for a failpoint term.
1098  */
1099 static char *
1100 parse_type(struct fail_point_entry *ent, char *beg)
1101 {
1102 	enum fail_point_t type;
1103 	int len;
1104 
1105 	for (type = FAIL_POINT_OFF; type < FAIL_POINT_NUMTYPES; type++) {
1106 		len = fail_type_strings[type].nmlen;
1107 		if (strncmp(fail_type_strings[type].name, beg, len) == 0) {
1108 			ent->fe_type = type;
1109 			return (beg + len);
1110 		}
1111 	}
1112 	return (NULL);
1113 }
1114 
1115 /* The fail point sysctl tree. */
1116 SYSCTL_NODE(_debug, OID_AUTO, fail_point, CTLFLAG_RW, 0, "fail points");
1117 
1118 /* Debugging/testing stuff for fail point */
1119 static int
1120 sysctl_test_fail_point(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
1121 {
1122 
1123 	KFAIL_POINT_RETURN(DEBUG_FP, test_fail_point);
1124 	return (0);
1125 }
1126 SYSCTL_OID(_debug_fail_point, OID_AUTO, test_trigger_fail_point,
1127         CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD, NULL, 0, sysctl_test_fail_point, "A",
1128         "Trigger test fail points");
1129