xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/kern_exec.c (revision a79b71281cd63ad7a6cc43a6d5673a2510b51630)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1993, David Greenman
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  *
26  * $FreeBSD$
27  */
28 
29 #include <sys/param.h>
30 #include <sys/systm.h>
31 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
32 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
33 #include <sys/kernel.h>
34 #include <sys/mount.h>
35 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
36 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
37 #include <sys/acct.h>
38 #include <sys/exec.h>
39 #include <sys/imgact.h>
40 #include <sys/imgact_elf.h>
41 #include <sys/wait.h>
42 #include <sys/proc.h>
43 #include <sys/pioctl.h>
44 #include <sys/malloc.h>
45 #include <sys/namei.h>
46 #include <sys/sysent.h>
47 #include <sys/shm.h>
48 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
49 #include <sys/vnode.h>
50 
51 #include <vm/vm.h>
52 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
53 #include <sys/lock.h>
54 #include <vm/pmap.h>
55 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
56 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
57 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
58 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
59 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
60 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
61 
62 #include <machine/reg.h>
63 
64 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PARGS, "proc-args", "Process arguments");
65 
66 static register_t *exec_copyout_strings __P((struct image_params *));
67 
68 static long ps_strings = PS_STRINGS;
69 SYSCTL_LONG(_kern, KERN_PS_STRINGS, ps_strings, CTLFLAG_RD, &ps_strings, "");
70 
71 static long usrstack = USRSTACK;
72 SYSCTL_LONG(_kern, KERN_USRSTACK, usrstack, CTLFLAG_RD, &usrstack, "");
73 
74 u_long ps_arg_cache_limit = PAGE_SIZE / 16;
75 SYSCTL_LONG(_kern, OID_AUTO, ps_arg_cache_limit, CTLFLAG_RW,
76     &ps_arg_cache_limit, "");
77 
78 int ps_argsopen = 1;
79 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, ps_argsopen, CTLFLAG_RW, &ps_argsopen, 0, "");
80 
81 /*
82  * Each of the items is a pointer to a `const struct execsw', hence the
83  * double pointer here.
84  */
85 static const struct execsw **execsw;
86 
87 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
88 struct execve_args {
89         char    *fname;
90         char    **argv;
91         char    **envv;
92 };
93 #endif
94 
95 /*
96  * execve() system call.
97  */
98 int
99 execve(p, uap)
100 	struct proc *p;
101 	register struct execve_args *uap;
102 {
103 	struct nameidata nd, *ndp;
104 	register_t *stack_base;
105 	int error, len, i;
106 	struct image_params image_params, *imgp;
107 	struct vattr attr;
108 	int (*img_first) __P((struct image_params *));
109 
110 	imgp = &image_params;
111 
112 	/*
113 	 * Initialize part of the common data
114 	 */
115 	imgp->proc = p;
116 	imgp->uap = uap;
117 	imgp->attr = &attr;
118 	imgp->argc = imgp->envc = 0;
119 	imgp->argv0 = NULL;
120 	imgp->entry_addr = 0;
121 	imgp->vmspace_destroyed = 0;
122 	imgp->interpreted = 0;
123 	imgp->interpreter_name[0] = '\0';
124 	imgp->auxargs = NULL;
125 	imgp->vp = NULL;
126 	imgp->firstpage = NULL;
127 	imgp->ps_strings = 0;
128 
129 	/*
130 	 * Allocate temporary demand zeroed space for argument and
131 	 *	environment strings
132 	 */
133 	imgp->stringbase = (char *)kmem_alloc_wait(exec_map, ARG_MAX + PAGE_SIZE);
134 	if (imgp->stringbase == NULL) {
135 		error = ENOMEM;
136 		goto exec_fail;
137 	}
138 	imgp->stringp = imgp->stringbase;
139 	imgp->stringspace = ARG_MAX;
140 	imgp->image_header = imgp->stringbase + ARG_MAX;
141 
142 	/*
143 	 * Translate the file name. namei() returns a vnode pointer
144 	 *	in ni_vp amoung other things.
145 	 */
146 	ndp = &nd;
147 	NDINIT(ndp, LOOKUP, LOCKLEAF | FOLLOW | SAVENAME,
148 	    UIO_USERSPACE, uap->fname, p);
149 
150 interpret:
151 
152 	error = namei(ndp);
153 	if (error) {
154 		kmem_free_wakeup(exec_map, (vm_offset_t)imgp->stringbase,
155 			ARG_MAX + PAGE_SIZE);
156 		goto exec_fail;
157 	}
158 
159 	imgp->vp = ndp->ni_vp;
160 	imgp->fname = uap->fname;
161 
162 	/*
163 	 * Check file permissions (also 'opens' file)
164 	 */
165 	error = exec_check_permissions(imgp);
166 	if (error) {
167 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0, p);
168 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
169 	}
170 
171 	error = exec_map_first_page(imgp);
172 	VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0, p);
173 	if (error)
174 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
175 
176 	/*
177 	 *	If the current process has a special image activator it
178 	 *	wants to try first, call it.   For example, emulating shell
179 	 *	scripts differently.
180 	 */
181 	error = -1;
182 	if ((img_first = imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_imgact_try) != NULL)
183 		error = img_first(imgp);
184 
185 	/*
186 	 *	Loop through the list of image activators, calling each one.
187 	 *	An activator returns -1 if there is no match, 0 on success,
188 	 *	and an error otherwise.
189 	 */
190 	for (i = 0; error == -1 && execsw[i]; ++i) {
191 		if (execsw[i]->ex_imgact == NULL ||
192 		    execsw[i]->ex_imgact == img_first) {
193 			continue;
194 		}
195 		error = (*execsw[i]->ex_imgact)(imgp);
196 	}
197 
198 	if (error) {
199 		if (error == -1)
200 			error = ENOEXEC;
201 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
202 	}
203 
204 	/*
205 	 * Special interpreter operation, cleanup and loop up to try to
206 	 * activate the interpreter.
207 	 */
208 	if (imgp->interpreted) {
209 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
210 		/* free name buffer and old vnode */
211 		NDFREE(ndp, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
212 		vrele(ndp->ni_vp);
213 		/* set new name to that of the interpreter */
214 		NDINIT(ndp, LOOKUP, LOCKLEAF | FOLLOW | SAVENAME,
215 		    UIO_SYSSPACE, imgp->interpreter_name, p);
216 		goto interpret;
217 	}
218 
219 	/*
220 	 * Copy out strings (args and env) and initialize stack base
221 	 */
222 	stack_base = exec_copyout_strings(imgp);
223 	p->p_vmspace->vm_minsaddr = (char *)stack_base;
224 
225 	/*
226 	 * If custom stack fixup routine present for this process
227 	 * let it do the stack setup.
228 	 * Else stuff argument count as first item on stack
229 	 */
230 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_fixup)
231 		(*p->p_sysent->sv_fixup)(&stack_base, imgp);
232 	else
233 		suword(--stack_base, imgp->argc);
234 
235 	/*
236 	 * For security and other reasons, the file descriptor table cannot
237 	 * be shared after an exec.
238 	 */
239 	if (p->p_fd->fd_refcnt > 1) {
240 		struct filedesc *tmp;
241 
242 		tmp = fdcopy(p);
243 		fdfree(p);
244 		p->p_fd = tmp;
245 	}
246 
247 	/* Stop profiling */
248 	stopprofclock(p);
249 
250 	/* close files on exec */
251 	fdcloseexec(p);
252 
253 	/* reset caught signals */
254 	execsigs(p);
255 
256 	/* name this process - nameiexec(p, ndp) */
257 	len = min(ndp->ni_cnd.cn_namelen,MAXCOMLEN);
258 	bcopy(ndp->ni_cnd.cn_nameptr, p->p_comm, len);
259 	p->p_comm[len] = 0;
260 
261 	/*
262 	 * mark as execed, wakeup the process that vforked (if any) and tell
263 	 * it that it now has its own resources back
264 	 */
265 	p->p_flag |= P_EXEC;
266 	if (p->p_pptr && (p->p_flag & P_PPWAIT)) {
267 		p->p_flag &= ~P_PPWAIT;
268 		wakeup((caddr_t)p->p_pptr);
269 	}
270 
271 	/*
272 	 * Implement image setuid/setgid.
273 	 *
274 	 * Don't honor setuid/setgid if the filesystem prohibits it or if
275 	 * the process is being traced.
276 	 */
277 	if ((((attr.va_mode & VSUID) && p->p_ucred->cr_uid != attr.va_uid) ||
278 	     ((attr.va_mode & VSGID) && p->p_ucred->cr_gid != attr.va_gid)) &&
279 	    (imgp->vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID) == 0 &&
280 	    (p->p_flag & P_TRACED) == 0) {
281 		/*
282 		 * Turn off syscall tracing for set-id programs, except for
283 		 * root.
284 		 */
285 		if (p->p_tracep && suser(p)) {
286 			p->p_traceflag = 0;
287 			vrele(p->p_tracep);
288 			p->p_tracep = NULL;
289 		}
290 		/*
291 		 * Set the new credentials.
292 		 */
293 		p->p_ucred = crcopy(p->p_ucred);
294 		if (attr.va_mode & VSUID)
295 			p->p_ucred->cr_uid = attr.va_uid;
296 		if (attr.va_mode & VSGID)
297 			p->p_ucred->cr_gid = attr.va_gid;
298 		setsugid(p);
299 		setugidsafety(p);
300 	} else {
301 		if (p->p_ucred->cr_uid == p->p_cred->p_ruid &&
302 		    p->p_ucred->cr_gid == p->p_cred->p_rgid)
303 			p->p_flag &= ~P_SUGID;
304 	}
305 
306 	/*
307 	 * Implement correct POSIX saved-id behavior.
308 	 */
309 	p->p_cred->p_svuid = p->p_ucred->cr_uid;
310 	p->p_cred->p_svgid = p->p_ucred->cr_gid;
311 
312 	/*
313 	 * Store the vp for use in procfs
314 	 */
315 	if (p->p_textvp)		/* release old reference */
316 		vrele(p->p_textvp);
317 	VREF(ndp->ni_vp);
318 	p->p_textvp = ndp->ni_vp;
319 
320 	/*
321 	 * notify others that we exec'd
322 	 */
323 	KNOTE(&p->p_klist, NOTE_EXEC);
324 
325 	/*
326 	 * If tracing the process, trap to debugger so breakpoints
327 	 * 	can be set before the program executes.
328 	 */
329 	STOPEVENT(p, S_EXEC, 0);
330 
331 	if (p->p_flag & P_TRACED)
332 		psignal(p, SIGTRAP);
333 
334 	/* clear "fork but no exec" flag, as we _are_ execing */
335 	p->p_acflag &= ~AFORK;
336 
337 	/* Set values passed into the program in registers. */
338 	setregs(p, imgp->entry_addr, (u_long)(uintptr_t)stack_base,
339 	    imgp->ps_strings);
340 
341 	/* Free any previous argument cache */
342 	if (p->p_args && --p->p_args->ar_ref == 0)
343 		FREE(p->p_args, M_PARGS);
344 	p->p_args = NULL;
345 
346 	/* Cache arguments if they fit inside our allowance */
347 	i = imgp->endargs - imgp->stringbase;
348 	if (ps_arg_cache_limit >= i + sizeof(struct pargs)) {
349 		MALLOC(p->p_args, struct pargs *, sizeof(struct pargs) + i,
350 		    M_PARGS, M_WAITOK);
351 		p->p_args->ar_ref = 1;
352 		p->p_args->ar_length = i;
353 		bcopy(imgp->stringbase, p->p_args->ar_args, i);
354 	}
355 
356 exec_fail_dealloc:
357 
358 	/*
359 	 * free various allocated resources
360 	 */
361 	if (imgp->firstpage)
362 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
363 
364 	if (imgp->stringbase != NULL)
365 		kmem_free_wakeup(exec_map, (vm_offset_t)imgp->stringbase,
366 			ARG_MAX + PAGE_SIZE);
367 
368 	if (imgp->vp) {
369 		NDFREE(ndp, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
370 		vrele(imgp->vp);
371 	}
372 
373 	if (error == 0)
374 		return (0);
375 
376 exec_fail:
377 	if (imgp->vmspace_destroyed) {
378 		/* sorry, no more process anymore. exit gracefully */
379 		exit1(p, W_EXITCODE(0, SIGABRT));
380 		/* NOT REACHED */
381 		return(0);
382 	} else {
383 		return(error);
384 	}
385 }
386 
387 int
388 exec_map_first_page(imgp)
389 	struct image_params *imgp;
390 {
391 	int s, rv, i;
392 	int initial_pagein;
393 	vm_page_t ma[VM_INITIAL_PAGEIN];
394 	vm_object_t object;
395 
396 
397 	if (imgp->firstpage) {
398 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
399 	}
400 
401 	object = imgp->vp->v_object;
402 	s = splvm();
403 
404 	ma[0] = vm_page_grab(object, 0, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_RETRY);
405 
406 	if ((ma[0]->valid & VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) {
407 		initial_pagein = VM_INITIAL_PAGEIN;
408 		if (initial_pagein > object->size)
409 			initial_pagein = object->size;
410 		for (i = 1; i < initial_pagein; i++) {
411 			if ((ma[i] = vm_page_lookup(object, i)) != NULL) {
412 				if ((ma[i]->flags & PG_BUSY) || ma[i]->busy)
413 					break;
414 				if (ma[i]->valid)
415 					break;
416 				vm_page_busy(ma[i]);
417 			} else {
418 				ma[i] = vm_page_alloc(object, i, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL);
419 				if (ma[i] == NULL)
420 					break;
421 			}
422 		}
423 		initial_pagein = i;
424 
425 		rv = vm_pager_get_pages(object, ma, initial_pagein, 0);
426 		ma[0] = vm_page_lookup(object, 0);
427 
428 		if ((rv != VM_PAGER_OK) || (ma[0] == NULL) || (ma[0]->valid == 0)) {
429 			if (ma[0]) {
430 				vm_page_protect(ma[0], VM_PROT_NONE);
431 				vm_page_free(ma[0]);
432 			}
433 			splx(s);
434 			return EIO;
435 		}
436 	}
437 
438 	vm_page_wire(ma[0]);
439 	vm_page_wakeup(ma[0]);
440 	splx(s);
441 
442 	pmap_kenter((vm_offset_t) imgp->image_header, VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(ma[0]));
443 	imgp->firstpage = ma[0];
444 
445 	return 0;
446 }
447 
448 void
449 exec_unmap_first_page(imgp)
450 	struct image_params *imgp;
451 {
452 	if (imgp->firstpage) {
453 		pmap_kremove((vm_offset_t) imgp->image_header);
454 		vm_page_unwire(imgp->firstpage, 1);
455 		imgp->firstpage = NULL;
456 	}
457 }
458 
459 /*
460  * Destroy old address space, and allocate a new stack
461  *	The new stack is only SGROWSIZ large because it is grown
462  *	automatically in trap.c.
463  */
464 int
465 exec_new_vmspace(imgp)
466 	struct image_params *imgp;
467 {
468 	int error;
469 	struct vmspace *vmspace = imgp->proc->p_vmspace;
470 	caddr_t	stack_addr = (caddr_t) (USRSTACK - MAXSSIZ);
471 	vm_map_t map = &vmspace->vm_map;
472 
473 	imgp->vmspace_destroyed = 1;
474 
475 	/*
476 	 * Blow away entire process VM, if address space not shared,
477 	 * otherwise, create a new VM space so that other threads are
478 	 * not disrupted
479 	 */
480 	if (vmspace->vm_refcnt == 1) {
481 		if (vmspace->vm_shm)
482 			shmexit(imgp->proc);
483 		pmap_remove_pages(vmspace_pmap(vmspace), 0, VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS);
484 		vm_map_remove(map, 0, VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS);
485 	} else {
486 		vmspace_exec(imgp->proc);
487 		vmspace = imgp->proc->p_vmspace;
488 		map = &vmspace->vm_map;
489 	}
490 
491 	/* Allocate a new stack */
492 	error = vm_map_stack (&vmspace->vm_map, (vm_offset_t)stack_addr,
493 			      (vm_size_t)MAXSSIZ, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
494 	if (error)
495 		return (error);
496 
497 	/* vm_ssize and vm_maxsaddr are somewhat antiquated concepts in the
498 	 * VM_STACK case, but they are still used to monitor the size of the
499 	 * process stack so we can check the stack rlimit.
500 	 */
501 	vmspace->vm_ssize = SGROWSIZ >> PAGE_SHIFT;
502 	vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (char *)USRSTACK - MAXSSIZ;
503 
504 	return(0);
505 }
506 
507 /*
508  * Copy out argument and environment strings from the old process
509  *	address space into the temporary string buffer.
510  */
511 int
512 exec_extract_strings(imgp)
513 	struct image_params *imgp;
514 {
515 	char	**argv, **envv;
516 	char	*argp, *envp;
517 	int	error;
518 	size_t	length;
519 
520 	/*
521 	 * extract arguments first
522 	 */
523 
524 	argv = imgp->uap->argv;
525 
526 	if (argv) {
527 		argp = (caddr_t) (intptr_t) fuword(argv);
528 		if (argp == (caddr_t) -1)
529 			return (EFAULT);
530 		if (argp)
531 			argv++;
532 		if (imgp->argv0)
533 			argp = imgp->argv0;
534 		if (argp) {
535 			do {
536 				if (argp == (caddr_t) -1)
537 					return (EFAULT);
538 				if ((error = copyinstr(argp, imgp->stringp,
539 				    imgp->stringspace, &length))) {
540 					if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
541 						return(E2BIG);
542 					return (error);
543 				}
544 				imgp->stringspace -= length;
545 				imgp->stringp += length;
546 				imgp->argc++;
547 			} while ((argp = (caddr_t) (intptr_t) fuword(argv++)));
548 		}
549 	}
550 
551 	imgp->endargs = imgp->stringp;
552 
553 	/*
554 	 * extract environment strings
555 	 */
556 
557 	envv = imgp->uap->envv;
558 
559 	if (envv) {
560 		while ((envp = (caddr_t) (intptr_t) fuword(envv++))) {
561 			if (envp == (caddr_t) -1)
562 				return (EFAULT);
563 			if ((error = copyinstr(envp, imgp->stringp,
564 			    imgp->stringspace, &length))) {
565 				if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
566 					return(E2BIG);
567 				return (error);
568 			}
569 			imgp->stringspace -= length;
570 			imgp->stringp += length;
571 			imgp->envc++;
572 		}
573 	}
574 
575 	return (0);
576 }
577 
578 /*
579  * Copy strings out to the new process address space, constructing
580  *	new arg and env vector tables. Return a pointer to the base
581  *	so that it can be used as the initial stack pointer.
582  */
583 register_t *
584 exec_copyout_strings(imgp)
585 	struct image_params *imgp;
586 {
587 	int argc, envc;
588 	char **vectp;
589 	char *stringp, *destp;
590 	register_t *stack_base;
591 	struct ps_strings *arginfo;
592 	int szsigcode;
593 
594 	/*
595 	 * Calculate string base and vector table pointers.
596 	 * Also deal with signal trampoline code for this exec type.
597 	 */
598 	arginfo = (struct ps_strings *)PS_STRINGS;
599 	szsigcode = *(imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_szsigcode);
600 	destp =	(caddr_t)arginfo - szsigcode - SPARE_USRSPACE -
601 		roundup((ARG_MAX - imgp->stringspace), sizeof(char *));
602 
603 	/*
604 	 * install sigcode
605 	 */
606 	if (szsigcode)
607 		copyout(imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_sigcode,
608 			((caddr_t)arginfo - szsigcode), szsigcode);
609 
610 	/*
611 	 * If we have a valid auxargs ptr, prepare some room
612 	 * on the stack.
613 	 */
614 	if (imgp->auxargs)
615 	/*
616 	 * The '+ 2' is for the null pointers at the end of each of the
617 	 * arg and env vector sets, and 'AT_COUNT*2' is room for the
618 	 * ELF Auxargs data.
619 	 */
620 		vectp = (char **)(destp - (imgp->argc + imgp->envc + 2 +
621 				  AT_COUNT*2) * sizeof(char*));
622 	else
623 	/*
624 	 * The '+ 2' is for the null pointers at the end of each of the
625 	 * arg and env vector sets
626 	 */
627 		vectp = (char **)
628 			(destp - (imgp->argc + imgp->envc + 2) * sizeof(char*));
629 
630 	/*
631 	 * vectp also becomes our initial stack base
632 	 */
633 	stack_base = (register_t *)vectp;
634 
635 	stringp = imgp->stringbase;
636 	argc = imgp->argc;
637 	envc = imgp->envc;
638 
639 	/*
640 	 * Copy out strings - arguments and environment.
641 	 */
642 	copyout(stringp, destp, ARG_MAX - imgp->stringspace);
643 
644 	/*
645 	 * Fill in "ps_strings" struct for ps, w, etc.
646 	 */
647 	suword(&arginfo->ps_argvstr, (long)(intptr_t)vectp);
648 	suword(&arginfo->ps_nargvstr, argc);
649 
650 	/*
651 	 * Fill in argument portion of vector table.
652 	 */
653 	for (; argc > 0; --argc) {
654 		suword(vectp++, (long)(intptr_t)destp);
655 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
656 			destp++;
657 		destp++;
658 	}
659 
660 	/* a null vector table pointer seperates the argp's from the envp's */
661 	suword(vectp++, 0);
662 
663 	suword(&arginfo->ps_envstr, (long)(intptr_t)vectp);
664 	suword(&arginfo->ps_nenvstr, envc);
665 
666 	/*
667 	 * Fill in environment portion of vector table.
668 	 */
669 	for (; envc > 0; --envc) {
670 		suword(vectp++, (long)(intptr_t)destp);
671 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
672 			destp++;
673 		destp++;
674 	}
675 
676 	/* end of vector table is a null pointer */
677 	suword(vectp, 0);
678 
679 	return (stack_base);
680 }
681 
682 /*
683  * Check permissions of file to execute.
684  *	Return 0 for success or error code on failure.
685  */
686 int
687 exec_check_permissions(imgp)
688 	struct image_params *imgp;
689 {
690 	struct proc *p = imgp->proc;
691 	struct vnode *vp = imgp->vp;
692 	struct vattr *attr = imgp->attr;
693 	int error;
694 
695 	/* Get file attributes */
696 	error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, attr, p->p_ucred, p);
697 	if (error)
698 		return (error);
699 
700 	/*
701 	 * 1) Check if file execution is disabled for the filesystem that this
702 	 *	file resides on.
703 	 * 2) Insure that at least one execute bit is on - otherwise root
704 	 *	will always succeed, and we don't want to happen unless the
705 	 *	file really is executable.
706 	 * 3) Insure that the file is a regular file.
707 	 */
708 	if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) ||
709 	    ((attr->va_mode & 0111) == 0) ||
710 	    (attr->va_type != VREG)) {
711 		return (EACCES);
712 	}
713 
714 	/*
715 	 * Zero length files can't be exec'd
716 	 */
717 	if (attr->va_size == 0)
718 		return (ENOEXEC);
719 
720 	/*
721 	 *  Check for execute permission to file based on current credentials.
722 	 */
723 	error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, p->p_ucred, p);
724 	if (error)
725 		return (error);
726 
727 	/*
728 	 * Check number of open-for-writes on the file and deny execution
729 	 * if there are any.
730 	 */
731 	if (vp->v_writecount)
732 		return (ETXTBSY);
733 
734 	/*
735 	 * Call filesystem specific open routine (which does nothing in the
736 	 * general case).
737 	 */
738 	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, p->p_ucred, p);
739 	if (error)
740 		return (error);
741 
742 	return (0);
743 }
744 
745 /*
746  * Exec handler registration
747  */
748 int
749 exec_register(execsw_arg)
750 	const struct execsw *execsw_arg;
751 {
752 	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
753 	int count = 2;	/* New slot and trailing NULL */
754 
755 	if (execsw)
756 		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
757 			count++;
758 	newexecsw = malloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
759 	if (newexecsw == NULL)
760 		return ENOMEM;
761 	xs = newexecsw;
762 	if (execsw)
763 		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
764 			*xs++ = *es;
765 	*xs++ = execsw_arg;
766 	*xs = NULL;
767 	if (execsw)
768 		free(execsw, M_TEMP);
769 	execsw = newexecsw;
770 	return 0;
771 }
772 
773 int
774 exec_unregister(execsw_arg)
775 	const struct execsw *execsw_arg;
776 {
777 	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
778 	int count = 1;
779 
780 	if (execsw == NULL)
781 		panic("unregister with no handlers left?\n");
782 
783 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++) {
784 		if (*es == execsw_arg)
785 			break;
786 	}
787 	if (*es == NULL)
788 		return ENOENT;
789 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
790 		if (*es != execsw_arg)
791 			count++;
792 	newexecsw = malloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
793 	if (newexecsw == NULL)
794 		return ENOMEM;
795 	xs = newexecsw;
796 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
797 		if (*es != execsw_arg)
798 			*xs++ = *es;
799 	*xs = NULL;
800 	if (execsw)
801 		free(execsw, M_TEMP);
802 	execsw = newexecsw;
803 	return 0;
804 }
805