xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/kern_exec.c (revision 190cef3d52236565eb22e18b33e9e865ec634aa3)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1993, David Greenman
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
30 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
31 
32 #include "opt_capsicum.h"
33 #include "opt_hwpmc_hooks.h"
34 #include "opt_ktrace.h"
35 #include "opt_vm.h"
36 
37 #include <sys/param.h>
38 #include <sys/systm.h>
39 #include <sys/acct.h>
40 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
41 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
42 #include <sys/exec.h>
43 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
44 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
45 #include <sys/imgact.h>
46 #include <sys/imgact_elf.h>
47 #include <sys/kernel.h>
48 #include <sys/lock.h>
49 #include <sys/malloc.h>
50 #include <sys/mman.h>
51 #include <sys/mount.h>
52 #include <sys/mutex.h>
53 #include <sys/namei.h>
54 #include <sys/pioctl.h>
55 #include <sys/priv.h>
56 #include <sys/proc.h>
57 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
58 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
59 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
60 #include <sys/sched.h>
61 #include <sys/sdt.h>
62 #include <sys/sf_buf.h>
63 #include <sys/shm.h>
64 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
65 #include <sys/smp.h>
66 #include <sys/stat.h>
67 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
69 #include <sys/sysent.h>
70 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
71 #include <sys/vnode.h>
72 #include <sys/wait.h>
73 #ifdef KTRACE
74 #include <sys/ktrace.h>
75 #endif
76 
77 #include <vm/vm.h>
78 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
79 #include <vm/pmap.h>
80 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
81 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
82 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
83 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
84 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
85 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
86 
87 #ifdef	HWPMC_HOOKS
88 #include <sys/pmckern.h>
89 #endif
90 
91 #include <machine/reg.h>
92 
93 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
94 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
95 
96 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
97 #include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
98 dtrace_execexit_func_t	dtrace_fasttrap_exec;
99 #endif
100 
101 SDT_PROVIDER_DECLARE(proc);
102 SDT_PROBE_DEFINE1(proc, , , exec, "char *");
103 SDT_PROBE_DEFINE1(proc, , , exec__failure, "int");
104 SDT_PROBE_DEFINE1(proc, , , exec__success, "char *");
105 
106 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PARGS, "proc-args", "Process arguments");
107 
108 int coredump_pack_fileinfo = 1;
109 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, coredump_pack_fileinfo, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
110     &coredump_pack_fileinfo, 0,
111     "Enable file path packing in 'procstat -f' coredump notes");
112 
113 int coredump_pack_vmmapinfo = 1;
114 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, coredump_pack_vmmapinfo, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
115     &coredump_pack_vmmapinfo, 0,
116     "Enable file path packing in 'procstat -v' coredump notes");
117 
118 static int sysctl_kern_ps_strings(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
119 static int sysctl_kern_usrstack(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
120 static int sysctl_kern_stackprot(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
121 static int do_execve(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args,
122     struct mac *mac_p);
123 
124 /* XXX This should be vm_size_t. */
125 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, KERN_PS_STRINGS, ps_strings, CTLTYPE_ULONG|CTLFLAG_RD|
126     CTLFLAG_CAPRD|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0, sysctl_kern_ps_strings, "LU", "");
127 
128 /* XXX This should be vm_size_t. */
129 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, KERN_USRSTACK, usrstack, CTLTYPE_ULONG|CTLFLAG_RD|
130     CTLFLAG_CAPRD|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0, sysctl_kern_usrstack, "LU", "");
131 
132 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, stackprot, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RD|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
133     NULL, 0, sysctl_kern_stackprot, "I", "");
134 
135 u_long ps_arg_cache_limit = PAGE_SIZE / 16;
136 SYSCTL_ULONG(_kern, OID_AUTO, ps_arg_cache_limit, CTLFLAG_RW,
137     &ps_arg_cache_limit, 0, "");
138 
139 static int disallow_high_osrel;
140 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, disallow_high_osrel, CTLFLAG_RW,
141     &disallow_high_osrel, 0,
142     "Disallow execution of binaries built for higher version of the world");
143 
144 static int map_at_zero = 0;
145 SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, map_at_zero, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &map_at_zero, 0,
146     "Permit processes to map an object at virtual address 0.");
147 
148 EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DECLARE(process_exec);
149 
150 static int
151 sysctl_kern_ps_strings(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
152 {
153 	struct proc *p;
154 	int error;
155 
156 	p = curproc;
157 #ifdef SCTL_MASK32
158 	if (req->flags & SCTL_MASK32) {
159 		unsigned int val;
160 		val = (unsigned int)p->p_sysent->sv_psstrings;
161 		error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &val, sizeof(val));
162 	} else
163 #endif
164 		error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &p->p_sysent->sv_psstrings,
165 		   sizeof(p->p_sysent->sv_psstrings));
166 	return error;
167 }
168 
169 static int
170 sysctl_kern_usrstack(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
171 {
172 	struct proc *p;
173 	int error;
174 
175 	p = curproc;
176 #ifdef SCTL_MASK32
177 	if (req->flags & SCTL_MASK32) {
178 		unsigned int val;
179 		val = (unsigned int)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
180 		error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &val, sizeof(val));
181 	} else
182 #endif
183 		error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack,
184 		    sizeof(p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack));
185 	return error;
186 }
187 
188 static int
189 sysctl_kern_stackprot(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
190 {
191 	struct proc *p;
192 
193 	p = curproc;
194 	return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &p->p_sysent->sv_stackprot,
195 	    sizeof(p->p_sysent->sv_stackprot)));
196 }
197 
198 /*
199  * Each of the items is a pointer to a `const struct execsw', hence the
200  * double pointer here.
201  */
202 static const struct execsw **execsw;
203 
204 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
205 struct execve_args {
206 	char    *fname;
207 	char    **argv;
208 	char    **envv;
209 };
210 #endif
211 
212 int
213 sys_execve(struct thread *td, struct execve_args *uap)
214 {
215 	struct image_args args;
216 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
217 	int error;
218 
219 	error = pre_execve(td, &oldvmspace);
220 	if (error != 0)
221 		return (error);
222 	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, uap->fname, UIO_USERSPACE,
223 	    uap->argv, uap->envv);
224 	if (error == 0)
225 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, NULL);
226 	post_execve(td, error, oldvmspace);
227 	return (error);
228 }
229 
230 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
231 struct fexecve_args {
232 	int	fd;
233 	char	**argv;
234 	char	**envv;
235 }
236 #endif
237 int
238 sys_fexecve(struct thread *td, struct fexecve_args *uap)
239 {
240 	struct image_args args;
241 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
242 	int error;
243 
244 	error = pre_execve(td, &oldvmspace);
245 	if (error != 0)
246 		return (error);
247 	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, NULL, UIO_SYSSPACE,
248 	    uap->argv, uap->envv);
249 	if (error == 0) {
250 		args.fd = uap->fd;
251 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, NULL);
252 	}
253 	post_execve(td, error, oldvmspace);
254 	return (error);
255 }
256 
257 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
258 struct __mac_execve_args {
259 	char	*fname;
260 	char	**argv;
261 	char	**envv;
262 	struct mac	*mac_p;
263 };
264 #endif
265 
266 int
267 sys___mac_execve(struct thread *td, struct __mac_execve_args *uap)
268 {
269 #ifdef MAC
270 	struct image_args args;
271 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
272 	int error;
273 
274 	error = pre_execve(td, &oldvmspace);
275 	if (error != 0)
276 		return (error);
277 	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, uap->fname, UIO_USERSPACE,
278 	    uap->argv, uap->envv);
279 	if (error == 0)
280 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, uap->mac_p);
281 	post_execve(td, error, oldvmspace);
282 	return (error);
283 #else
284 	return (ENOSYS);
285 #endif
286 }
287 
288 int
289 pre_execve(struct thread *td, struct vmspace **oldvmspace)
290 {
291 	struct proc *p;
292 	int error;
293 
294 	KASSERT(td == curthread, ("non-current thread %p", td));
295 	error = 0;
296 	p = td->td_proc;
297 	if ((p->p_flag & P_HADTHREADS) != 0) {
298 		PROC_LOCK(p);
299 		if (thread_single(p, SINGLE_BOUNDARY) != 0)
300 			error = ERESTART;
301 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
302 	}
303 	KASSERT(error != 0 || (td->td_pflags & TDP_EXECVMSPC) == 0,
304 	    ("nested execve"));
305 	*oldvmspace = p->p_vmspace;
306 	return (error);
307 }
308 
309 void
310 post_execve(struct thread *td, int error, struct vmspace *oldvmspace)
311 {
312 	struct proc *p;
313 
314 	KASSERT(td == curthread, ("non-current thread %p", td));
315 	p = td->td_proc;
316 	if ((p->p_flag & P_HADTHREADS) != 0) {
317 		PROC_LOCK(p);
318 		/*
319 		 * If success, we upgrade to SINGLE_EXIT state to
320 		 * force other threads to suicide.
321 		 */
322 		if (error == EJUSTRETURN)
323 			thread_single(p, SINGLE_EXIT);
324 		else
325 			thread_single_end(p, SINGLE_BOUNDARY);
326 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
327 	}
328 	if ((td->td_pflags & TDP_EXECVMSPC) != 0) {
329 		KASSERT(p->p_vmspace != oldvmspace,
330 		    ("oldvmspace still used"));
331 		vmspace_free(oldvmspace);
332 		td->td_pflags &= ~TDP_EXECVMSPC;
333 	}
334 }
335 
336 /*
337  * XXX: kern_execve has the astonishing property of not always returning to
338  * the caller.  If sufficiently bad things happen during the call to
339  * do_execve(), it can end up calling exit1(); as a result, callers must
340  * avoid doing anything which they might need to undo (e.g., allocating
341  * memory).
342  */
343 int
344 kern_execve(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args, struct mac *mac_p)
345 {
346 
347 	AUDIT_ARG_ARGV(args->begin_argv, args->argc,
348 	    args->begin_envv - args->begin_argv);
349 	AUDIT_ARG_ENVV(args->begin_envv, args->envc,
350 	    args->endp - args->begin_envv);
351 	return (do_execve(td, args, mac_p));
352 }
353 
354 /*
355  * In-kernel implementation of execve().  All arguments are assumed to be
356  * userspace pointers from the passed thread.
357  */
358 static int
359 do_execve(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args, struct mac *mac_p)
360 {
361 	struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
362 	struct nameidata nd;
363 	struct ucred *oldcred;
364 	struct uidinfo *euip = NULL;
365 	register_t *stack_base;
366 	int error, i;
367 	struct image_params image_params, *imgp;
368 	struct vattr attr;
369 	int (*img_first)(struct image_params *);
370 	struct pargs *oldargs = NULL, *newargs = NULL;
371 	struct sigacts *oldsigacts = NULL, *newsigacts = NULL;
372 #ifdef KTRACE
373 	struct vnode *tracevp = NULL;
374 	struct ucred *tracecred = NULL;
375 #endif
376 	struct vnode *oldtextvp = NULL, *newtextvp;
377 	int credential_changing;
378 	int textset;
379 #ifdef MAC
380 	struct label *interpvplabel = NULL;
381 	int will_transition;
382 #endif
383 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
384 	struct pmckern_procexec pe;
385 #endif
386 	static const char fexecv_proc_title[] = "(fexecv)";
387 
388 	imgp = &image_params;
389 
390 	/*
391 	 * Lock the process and set the P_INEXEC flag to indicate that
392 	 * it should be left alone until we're done here.  This is
393 	 * necessary to avoid race conditions - e.g. in ptrace() -
394 	 * that might allow a local user to illicitly obtain elevated
395 	 * privileges.
396 	 */
397 	PROC_LOCK(p);
398 	KASSERT((p->p_flag & P_INEXEC) == 0,
399 	    ("%s(): process already has P_INEXEC flag", __func__));
400 	p->p_flag |= P_INEXEC;
401 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
402 
403 	/*
404 	 * Initialize part of the common data
405 	 */
406 	bzero(imgp, sizeof(*imgp));
407 	imgp->proc = p;
408 	imgp->attr = &attr;
409 	imgp->args = args;
410 	oldcred = p->p_ucred;
411 
412 #ifdef MAC
413 	error = mac_execve_enter(imgp, mac_p);
414 	if (error)
415 		goto exec_fail;
416 #endif
417 
418 	/*
419 	 * Translate the file name. namei() returns a vnode pointer
420 	 *	in ni_vp among other things.
421 	 *
422 	 * XXXAUDIT: It would be desirable to also audit the name of the
423 	 * interpreter if this is an interpreted binary.
424 	 */
425 	if (args->fname != NULL) {
426 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, ISOPEN | LOCKLEAF | FOLLOW | SAVENAME
427 		    | AUDITVNODE1, UIO_SYSSPACE, args->fname, td);
428 	}
429 
430 	SDT_PROBE1(proc, , , exec, args->fname);
431 
432 interpret:
433 	if (args->fname != NULL) {
434 #ifdef CAPABILITY_MODE
435 		/*
436 		 * While capability mode can't reach this point via direct
437 		 * path arguments to execve(), we also don't allow
438 		 * interpreters to be used in capability mode (for now).
439 		 * Catch indirect lookups and return a permissions error.
440 		 */
441 		if (IN_CAPABILITY_MODE(td)) {
442 			error = ECAPMODE;
443 			goto exec_fail;
444 		}
445 #endif
446 		error = namei(&nd);
447 		if (error)
448 			goto exec_fail;
449 
450 		newtextvp = nd.ni_vp;
451 		imgp->vp = newtextvp;
452 	} else {
453 		AUDIT_ARG_FD(args->fd);
454 		/*
455 		 * Descriptors opened only with O_EXEC or O_RDONLY are allowed.
456 		 */
457 		error = fgetvp_exec(td, args->fd, &cap_fexecve_rights, &newtextvp);
458 		if (error)
459 			goto exec_fail;
460 		vn_lock(newtextvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
461 		AUDIT_ARG_VNODE1(newtextvp);
462 		imgp->vp = newtextvp;
463 	}
464 
465 	/*
466 	 * Check file permissions (also 'opens' file)
467 	 */
468 	error = exec_check_permissions(imgp);
469 	if (error)
470 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
471 
472 	imgp->object = imgp->vp->v_object;
473 	if (imgp->object != NULL)
474 		vm_object_reference(imgp->object);
475 
476 	/*
477 	 * Set VV_TEXT now so no one can write to the executable while we're
478 	 * activating it.
479 	 *
480 	 * Remember if this was set before and unset it in case this is not
481 	 * actually an executable image.
482 	 */
483 	textset = VOP_IS_TEXT(imgp->vp);
484 	VOP_SET_TEXT(imgp->vp);
485 
486 	error = exec_map_first_page(imgp);
487 	if (error)
488 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
489 
490 	imgp->proc->p_osrel = 0;
491 
492 	/*
493 	 * Implement image setuid/setgid.
494 	 *
495 	 * Determine new credentials before attempting image activators
496 	 * so that it can be used by process_exec handlers to determine
497 	 * credential/setid changes.
498 	 *
499 	 * Don't honor setuid/setgid if the filesystem prohibits it or if
500 	 * the process is being traced.
501 	 *
502 	 * We disable setuid/setgid/etc in capability mode on the basis
503 	 * that most setugid applications are not written with that
504 	 * environment in mind, and will therefore almost certainly operate
505 	 * incorrectly. In principle there's no reason that setugid
506 	 * applications might not be useful in capability mode, so we may want
507 	 * to reconsider this conservative design choice in the future.
508 	 *
509 	 * XXXMAC: For the time being, use NOSUID to also prohibit
510 	 * transitions on the file system.
511 	 */
512 	credential_changing = 0;
513 	credential_changing |= (attr.va_mode & S_ISUID) &&
514 	    oldcred->cr_uid != attr.va_uid;
515 	credential_changing |= (attr.va_mode & S_ISGID) &&
516 	    oldcred->cr_gid != attr.va_gid;
517 #ifdef MAC
518 	will_transition = mac_vnode_execve_will_transition(oldcred, imgp->vp,
519 	    interpvplabel, imgp);
520 	credential_changing |= will_transition;
521 #endif
522 
523 	/* Don't inherit PROC_PDEATHSIG_CTL value if setuid/setgid. */
524 	if (credential_changing)
525 		imgp->proc->p_pdeathsig = 0;
526 
527 	if (credential_changing &&
528 #ifdef CAPABILITY_MODE
529 	    ((oldcred->cr_flags & CRED_FLAG_CAPMODE) == 0) &&
530 #endif
531 	    (imgp->vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID) == 0 &&
532 	    (p->p_flag & P_TRACED) == 0) {
533 		imgp->credential_setid = true;
534 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
535 		imgp->newcred = crdup(oldcred);
536 		if (attr.va_mode & S_ISUID) {
537 			euip = uifind(attr.va_uid);
538 			change_euid(imgp->newcred, euip);
539 		}
540 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
541 		if (attr.va_mode & S_ISGID)
542 			change_egid(imgp->newcred, attr.va_gid);
543 		/*
544 		 * Implement correct POSIX saved-id behavior.
545 		 *
546 		 * XXXMAC: Note that the current logic will save the
547 		 * uid and gid if a MAC domain transition occurs, even
548 		 * though maybe it shouldn't.
549 		 */
550 		change_svuid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_uid);
551 		change_svgid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_gid);
552 	} else {
553 		/*
554 		 * Implement correct POSIX saved-id behavior.
555 		 *
556 		 * XXX: It's not clear that the existing behavior is
557 		 * POSIX-compliant.  A number of sources indicate that the
558 		 * saved uid/gid should only be updated if the new ruid is
559 		 * not equal to the old ruid, or the new euid is not equal
560 		 * to the old euid and the new euid is not equal to the old
561 		 * ruid.  The FreeBSD code always updates the saved uid/gid.
562 		 * Also, this code uses the new (replaced) euid and egid as
563 		 * the source, which may or may not be the right ones to use.
564 		 */
565 		if (oldcred->cr_svuid != oldcred->cr_uid ||
566 		    oldcred->cr_svgid != oldcred->cr_gid) {
567 			VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
568 			imgp->newcred = crdup(oldcred);
569 			vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
570 			change_svuid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_uid);
571 			change_svgid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_gid);
572 		}
573 	}
574 	/* The new credentials are installed into the process later. */
575 
576 	/*
577 	 * Do the best to calculate the full path to the image file.
578 	 */
579 	if (args->fname != NULL && args->fname[0] == '/')
580 		imgp->execpath = args->fname;
581 	else {
582 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
583 		if (vn_fullpath(td, imgp->vp, &imgp->execpath,
584 		    &imgp->freepath) != 0)
585 			imgp->execpath = args->fname;
586 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
587 	}
588 
589 	/*
590 	 *	If the current process has a special image activator it
591 	 *	wants to try first, call it.   For example, emulating shell
592 	 *	scripts differently.
593 	 */
594 	error = -1;
595 	if ((img_first = imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_imgact_try) != NULL)
596 		error = img_first(imgp);
597 
598 	/*
599 	 *	Loop through the list of image activators, calling each one.
600 	 *	An activator returns -1 if there is no match, 0 on success,
601 	 *	and an error otherwise.
602 	 */
603 	for (i = 0; error == -1 && execsw[i]; ++i) {
604 		if (execsw[i]->ex_imgact == NULL ||
605 		    execsw[i]->ex_imgact == img_first) {
606 			continue;
607 		}
608 		error = (*execsw[i]->ex_imgact)(imgp);
609 	}
610 
611 	if (error) {
612 		if (error == -1) {
613 			if (textset == 0)
614 				VOP_UNSET_TEXT(imgp->vp);
615 			error = ENOEXEC;
616 		}
617 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
618 	}
619 
620 	/*
621 	 * Special interpreter operation, cleanup and loop up to try to
622 	 * activate the interpreter.
623 	 */
624 	if (imgp->interpreted) {
625 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
626 		/*
627 		 * VV_TEXT needs to be unset for scripts.  There is a short
628 		 * period before we determine that something is a script where
629 		 * VV_TEXT will be set. The vnode lock is held over this
630 		 * entire period so nothing should illegitimately be blocked.
631 		 */
632 		VOP_UNSET_TEXT(imgp->vp);
633 		/* free name buffer and old vnode */
634 		if (args->fname != NULL)
635 			NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
636 #ifdef MAC
637 		mac_execve_interpreter_enter(newtextvp, &interpvplabel);
638 #endif
639 		if (imgp->opened) {
640 			VOP_CLOSE(newtextvp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td);
641 			imgp->opened = 0;
642 		}
643 		vput(newtextvp);
644 		vm_object_deallocate(imgp->object);
645 		imgp->object = NULL;
646 		imgp->credential_setid = false;
647 		if (imgp->newcred != NULL) {
648 			crfree(imgp->newcred);
649 			imgp->newcred = NULL;
650 		}
651 		imgp->execpath = NULL;
652 		free(imgp->freepath, M_TEMP);
653 		imgp->freepath = NULL;
654 		/* set new name to that of the interpreter */
655 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, LOCKLEAF | FOLLOW | SAVENAME,
656 		    UIO_SYSSPACE, imgp->interpreter_name, td);
657 		args->fname = imgp->interpreter_name;
658 		goto interpret;
659 	}
660 
661 	/*
662 	 * NB: We unlock the vnode here because it is believed that none
663 	 * of the sv_copyout_strings/sv_fixup operations require the vnode.
664 	 */
665 	VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
666 
667 	if (disallow_high_osrel &&
668 	    P_OSREL_MAJOR(p->p_osrel) > P_OSREL_MAJOR(__FreeBSD_version)) {
669 		error = ENOEXEC;
670 		uprintf("Osrel %d for image %s too high\n", p->p_osrel,
671 		    imgp->execpath != NULL ? imgp->execpath : "<unresolved>");
672 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
673 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
674 	}
675 
676 	/* ABI enforces the use of Capsicum. Switch into capabilities mode. */
677 	if (SV_PROC_FLAG(p, SV_CAPSICUM))
678 		sys_cap_enter(td, NULL);
679 
680 	/*
681 	 * Copy out strings (args and env) and initialize stack base
682 	 */
683 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_copyout_strings)
684 		stack_base = (*p->p_sysent->sv_copyout_strings)(imgp);
685 	else
686 		stack_base = exec_copyout_strings(imgp);
687 
688 	/*
689 	 * If custom stack fixup routine present for this process
690 	 * let it do the stack setup.
691 	 * Else stuff argument count as first item on stack
692 	 */
693 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_fixup != NULL)
694 		error = (*p->p_sysent->sv_fixup)(&stack_base, imgp);
695 	else
696 		error = suword(--stack_base, imgp->args->argc) == 0 ?
697 		    0 : EFAULT;
698 	if (error != 0)
699 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
700 
701 	if (args->fdp != NULL) {
702 		/* Install a brand new file descriptor table. */
703 		fdinstall_remapped(td, args->fdp);
704 		args->fdp = NULL;
705 	} else {
706 		/*
707 		 * Keep on using the existing file descriptor table. For
708 		 * security and other reasons, the file descriptor table
709 		 * cannot be shared after an exec.
710 		 */
711 		fdunshare(td);
712 		/* close files on exec */
713 		fdcloseexec(td);
714 	}
715 
716 	/*
717 	 * Malloc things before we need locks.
718 	 */
719 	i = imgp->args->begin_envv - imgp->args->begin_argv;
720 	/* Cache arguments if they fit inside our allowance */
721 	if (ps_arg_cache_limit >= i + sizeof(struct pargs)) {
722 		newargs = pargs_alloc(i);
723 		bcopy(imgp->args->begin_argv, newargs->ar_args, i);
724 	}
725 
726 	/*
727 	 * For security and other reasons, signal handlers cannot
728 	 * be shared after an exec. The new process gets a copy of the old
729 	 * handlers. In execsigs(), the new process will have its signals
730 	 * reset.
731 	 */
732 	if (sigacts_shared(p->p_sigacts)) {
733 		oldsigacts = p->p_sigacts;
734 		newsigacts = sigacts_alloc();
735 		sigacts_copy(newsigacts, oldsigacts);
736 	}
737 
738 	vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
739 
740 	PROC_LOCK(p);
741 	if (oldsigacts)
742 		p->p_sigacts = newsigacts;
743 	/* Stop profiling */
744 	stopprofclock(p);
745 
746 	/* reset caught signals */
747 	execsigs(p);
748 
749 	/* name this process - nameiexec(p, ndp) */
750 	bzero(p->p_comm, sizeof(p->p_comm));
751 	if (args->fname)
752 		bcopy(nd.ni_cnd.cn_nameptr, p->p_comm,
753 		    min(nd.ni_cnd.cn_namelen, MAXCOMLEN));
754 	else if (vn_commname(newtextvp, p->p_comm, sizeof(p->p_comm)) != 0)
755 		bcopy(fexecv_proc_title, p->p_comm, sizeof(fexecv_proc_title));
756 	bcopy(p->p_comm, td->td_name, sizeof(td->td_name));
757 #ifdef KTR
758 	sched_clear_tdname(td);
759 #endif
760 
761 	/*
762 	 * mark as execed, wakeup the process that vforked (if any) and tell
763 	 * it that it now has its own resources back
764 	 */
765 	p->p_flag |= P_EXEC;
766 	if ((p->p_flag2 & P2_NOTRACE_EXEC) == 0)
767 		p->p_flag2 &= ~P2_NOTRACE;
768 	if (p->p_flag & P_PPWAIT) {
769 		p->p_flag &= ~(P_PPWAIT | P_PPTRACE);
770 		cv_broadcast(&p->p_pwait);
771 		/* STOPs are no longer ignored, arrange for AST */
772 		signotify(td);
773 	}
774 
775 	/*
776 	 * Implement image setuid/setgid installation.
777 	 */
778 	if (imgp->credential_setid) {
779 		/*
780 		 * Turn off syscall tracing for set-id programs, except for
781 		 * root.  Record any set-id flags first to make sure that
782 		 * we do not regain any tracing during a possible block.
783 		 */
784 		setsugid(p);
785 
786 #ifdef KTRACE
787 		if (p->p_tracecred != NULL &&
788 		    priv_check_cred(p->p_tracecred, PRIV_DEBUG_DIFFCRED, 0))
789 			ktrprocexec(p, &tracecred, &tracevp);
790 #endif
791 		/*
792 		 * Close any file descriptors 0..2 that reference procfs,
793 		 * then make sure file descriptors 0..2 are in use.
794 		 *
795 		 * Both fdsetugidsafety() and fdcheckstd() may call functions
796 		 * taking sleepable locks, so temporarily drop our locks.
797 		 */
798 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
799 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
800 		fdsetugidsafety(td);
801 		error = fdcheckstd(td);
802 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
803 		if (error != 0)
804 			goto exec_fail_dealloc;
805 		PROC_LOCK(p);
806 #ifdef MAC
807 		if (will_transition) {
808 			mac_vnode_execve_transition(oldcred, imgp->newcred,
809 			    imgp->vp, interpvplabel, imgp);
810 		}
811 #endif
812 	} else {
813 		if (oldcred->cr_uid == oldcred->cr_ruid &&
814 		    oldcred->cr_gid == oldcred->cr_rgid)
815 			p->p_flag &= ~P_SUGID;
816 	}
817 	/*
818 	 * Set the new credentials.
819 	 */
820 	if (imgp->newcred != NULL) {
821 		proc_set_cred(p, imgp->newcred);
822 		crfree(oldcred);
823 		oldcred = NULL;
824 	}
825 
826 	/*
827 	 * Store the vp for use in procfs.  This vnode was referenced by namei
828 	 * or fgetvp_exec.
829 	 */
830 	oldtextvp = p->p_textvp;
831 	p->p_textvp = newtextvp;
832 
833 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
834 	/*
835 	 * Tell the DTrace fasttrap provider about the exec if it
836 	 * has declared an interest.
837 	 */
838 	if (dtrace_fasttrap_exec)
839 		dtrace_fasttrap_exec(p);
840 #endif
841 
842 	/*
843 	 * Notify others that we exec'd, and clear the P_INEXEC flag
844 	 * as we're now a bona fide freshly-execed process.
845 	 */
846 	KNOTE_LOCKED(p->p_klist, NOTE_EXEC);
847 	p->p_flag &= ~P_INEXEC;
848 
849 	/* clear "fork but no exec" flag, as we _are_ execing */
850 	p->p_acflag &= ~AFORK;
851 
852 	/*
853 	 * Free any previous argument cache and replace it with
854 	 * the new argument cache, if any.
855 	 */
856 	oldargs = p->p_args;
857 	p->p_args = newargs;
858 	newargs = NULL;
859 
860 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
861 
862 #ifdef	HWPMC_HOOKS
863 	/*
864 	 * Check if system-wide sampling is in effect or if the
865 	 * current process is using PMCs.  If so, do exec() time
866 	 * processing.  This processing needs to happen AFTER the
867 	 * P_INEXEC flag is cleared.
868 	 */
869 	if (PMC_SYSTEM_SAMPLING_ACTIVE() || PMC_PROC_IS_USING_PMCS(p)) {
870 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
871 		pe.pm_credentialschanged = credential_changing;
872 		pe.pm_entryaddr = imgp->entry_addr;
873 
874 		PMC_CALL_HOOK_X(td, PMC_FN_PROCESS_EXEC, (void *) &pe);
875 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
876 	}
877 #endif
878 
879 	/* Set values passed into the program in registers. */
880 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_setregs)
881 		(*p->p_sysent->sv_setregs)(td, imgp,
882 		    (u_long)(uintptr_t)stack_base);
883 	else
884 		exec_setregs(td, imgp, (u_long)(uintptr_t)stack_base);
885 
886 	vfs_mark_atime(imgp->vp, td->td_ucred);
887 
888 	SDT_PROBE1(proc, , , exec__success, args->fname);
889 
890 exec_fail_dealloc:
891 	if (imgp->firstpage != NULL)
892 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
893 
894 	if (imgp->vp != NULL) {
895 		if (args->fname)
896 			NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
897 		if (imgp->opened)
898 			VOP_CLOSE(imgp->vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td);
899 		if (error != 0)
900 			vput(imgp->vp);
901 		else
902 			VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp, 0);
903 	}
904 
905 	if (imgp->object != NULL)
906 		vm_object_deallocate(imgp->object);
907 
908 	free(imgp->freepath, M_TEMP);
909 
910 	if (error == 0) {
911 		if (p->p_ptevents & PTRACE_EXEC) {
912 			PROC_LOCK(p);
913 			if (p->p_ptevents & PTRACE_EXEC)
914 				td->td_dbgflags |= TDB_EXEC;
915 			PROC_UNLOCK(p);
916 		}
917 
918 		/*
919 		 * Stop the process here if its stop event mask has
920 		 * the S_EXEC bit set.
921 		 */
922 		STOPEVENT(p, S_EXEC, 0);
923 	} else {
924 exec_fail:
925 		/* we're done here, clear P_INEXEC */
926 		PROC_LOCK(p);
927 		p->p_flag &= ~P_INEXEC;
928 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
929 
930 		SDT_PROBE1(proc, , , exec__failure, error);
931 	}
932 
933 	if (imgp->newcred != NULL && oldcred != NULL)
934 		crfree(imgp->newcred);
935 
936 #ifdef MAC
937 	mac_execve_exit(imgp);
938 	mac_execve_interpreter_exit(interpvplabel);
939 #endif
940 	exec_free_args(args);
941 
942 	/*
943 	 * Handle deferred decrement of ref counts.
944 	 */
945 	if (oldtextvp != NULL)
946 		vrele(oldtextvp);
947 #ifdef KTRACE
948 	if (tracevp != NULL)
949 		vrele(tracevp);
950 	if (tracecred != NULL)
951 		crfree(tracecred);
952 #endif
953 	pargs_drop(oldargs);
954 	pargs_drop(newargs);
955 	if (oldsigacts != NULL)
956 		sigacts_free(oldsigacts);
957 	if (euip != NULL)
958 		uifree(euip);
959 
960 	if (error && imgp->vmspace_destroyed) {
961 		/* sorry, no more process anymore. exit gracefully */
962 		exit1(td, 0, SIGABRT);
963 		/* NOT REACHED */
964 	}
965 
966 #ifdef KTRACE
967 	if (error == 0)
968 		ktrprocctor(p);
969 #endif
970 
971 	/*
972 	 * We don't want cpu_set_syscall_retval() to overwrite any of
973 	 * the register values put in place by exec_setregs().
974 	 * Implementations of cpu_set_syscall_retval() will leave
975 	 * registers unmodified when returning EJUSTRETURN.
976 	 */
977 	return (error == 0 ? EJUSTRETURN : error);
978 }
979 
980 int
981 exec_map_first_page(struct image_params *imgp)
982 {
983 	int rv, i, after, initial_pagein;
984 	vm_page_t ma[VM_INITIAL_PAGEIN];
985 	vm_object_t object;
986 
987 	if (imgp->firstpage != NULL)
988 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
989 
990 	object = imgp->vp->v_object;
991 	if (object == NULL)
992 		return (EACCES);
993 	VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
994 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
995 	vm_object_color(object, 0);
996 #endif
997 	ma[0] = vm_page_grab(object, 0, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY);
998 	if (ma[0]->valid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) {
999 		vm_page_xbusy(ma[0]);
1000 		if (!vm_pager_has_page(object, 0, NULL, &after)) {
1001 			vm_page_lock(ma[0]);
1002 			vm_page_free(ma[0]);
1003 			vm_page_unlock(ma[0]);
1004 			VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
1005 			return (EIO);
1006 		}
1007 		initial_pagein = min(after, VM_INITIAL_PAGEIN);
1008 		KASSERT(initial_pagein <= object->size,
1009 		    ("%s: initial_pagein %d object->size %ju",
1010 		    __func__, initial_pagein, (uintmax_t )object->size));
1011 		for (i = 1; i < initial_pagein; i++) {
1012 			if ((ma[i] = vm_page_next(ma[i - 1])) != NULL) {
1013 				if (ma[i]->valid)
1014 					break;
1015 				if (!vm_page_tryxbusy(ma[i]))
1016 					break;
1017 			} else {
1018 				ma[i] = vm_page_alloc(object, i,
1019 				    VM_ALLOC_NORMAL);
1020 				if (ma[i] == NULL)
1021 					break;
1022 			}
1023 		}
1024 		initial_pagein = i;
1025 		rv = vm_pager_get_pages(object, ma, initial_pagein, NULL, NULL);
1026 		if (rv != VM_PAGER_OK) {
1027 			for (i = 0; i < initial_pagein; i++) {
1028 				vm_page_lock(ma[i]);
1029 				vm_page_free(ma[i]);
1030 				vm_page_unlock(ma[i]);
1031 			}
1032 			VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
1033 			return (EIO);
1034 		}
1035 		vm_page_xunbusy(ma[0]);
1036 		for (i = 1; i < initial_pagein; i++)
1037 			vm_page_readahead_finish(ma[i]);
1038 	}
1039 	vm_page_lock(ma[0]);
1040 	vm_page_hold(ma[0]);
1041 	vm_page_activate(ma[0]);
1042 	vm_page_unlock(ma[0]);
1043 	VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
1044 
1045 	imgp->firstpage = sf_buf_alloc(ma[0], 0);
1046 	imgp->image_header = (char *)sf_buf_kva(imgp->firstpage);
1047 
1048 	return (0);
1049 }
1050 
1051 void
1052 exec_unmap_first_page(struct image_params *imgp)
1053 {
1054 	vm_page_t m;
1055 
1056 	if (imgp->firstpage != NULL) {
1057 		m = sf_buf_page(imgp->firstpage);
1058 		sf_buf_free(imgp->firstpage);
1059 		imgp->firstpage = NULL;
1060 		vm_page_lock(m);
1061 		vm_page_unhold(m);
1062 		vm_page_unlock(m);
1063 	}
1064 }
1065 
1066 /*
1067  * Destroy old address space, and allocate a new stack.
1068  *	The new stack is only sgrowsiz large because it is grown
1069  *	automatically on a page fault.
1070  */
1071 int
1072 exec_new_vmspace(struct image_params *imgp, struct sysentvec *sv)
1073 {
1074 	int error;
1075 	struct proc *p = imgp->proc;
1076 	struct vmspace *vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
1077 	vm_object_t obj;
1078 	struct rlimit rlim_stack;
1079 	vm_offset_t sv_minuser, stack_addr;
1080 	vm_map_t map;
1081 	u_long ssiz;
1082 
1083 	imgp->vmspace_destroyed = 1;
1084 	imgp->sysent = sv;
1085 
1086 	/* May be called with Giant held */
1087 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(process_exec, p, imgp);
1088 
1089 	/*
1090 	 * Blow away entire process VM, if address space not shared,
1091 	 * otherwise, create a new VM space so that other threads are
1092 	 * not disrupted
1093 	 */
1094 	map = &vmspace->vm_map;
1095 	if (map_at_zero)
1096 		sv_minuser = sv->sv_minuser;
1097 	else
1098 		sv_minuser = MAX(sv->sv_minuser, PAGE_SIZE);
1099 	if (vmspace->vm_refcnt == 1 && vm_map_min(map) == sv_minuser &&
1100 	    vm_map_max(map) == sv->sv_maxuser) {
1101 		shmexit(vmspace);
1102 		pmap_remove_pages(vmspace_pmap(vmspace));
1103 		vm_map_remove(map, vm_map_min(map), vm_map_max(map));
1104 		/* An exec terminates mlockall(MCL_FUTURE). */
1105 		vm_map_lock(map);
1106 		vm_map_modflags(map, 0, MAP_WIREFUTURE);
1107 		vm_map_unlock(map);
1108 	} else {
1109 		error = vmspace_exec(p, sv_minuser, sv->sv_maxuser);
1110 		if (error)
1111 			return (error);
1112 		vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
1113 		map = &vmspace->vm_map;
1114 	}
1115 
1116 	/* Map a shared page */
1117 	obj = sv->sv_shared_page_obj;
1118 	if (obj != NULL) {
1119 		vm_object_reference(obj);
1120 		error = vm_map_fixed(map, obj, 0,
1121 		    sv->sv_shared_page_base, sv->sv_shared_page_len,
1122 		    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
1123 		    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
1124 		    MAP_INHERIT_SHARE | MAP_ACC_NO_CHARGE);
1125 		if (error != KERN_SUCCESS) {
1126 			vm_object_deallocate(obj);
1127 			return (vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1128 		}
1129 	}
1130 
1131 	/* Allocate a new stack */
1132 	if (imgp->stack_sz != 0) {
1133 		ssiz = trunc_page(imgp->stack_sz);
1134 		PROC_LOCK(p);
1135 		lim_rlimit_proc(p, RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim_stack);
1136 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1137 		if (ssiz > rlim_stack.rlim_max)
1138 			ssiz = rlim_stack.rlim_max;
1139 		if (ssiz > rlim_stack.rlim_cur) {
1140 			rlim_stack.rlim_cur = ssiz;
1141 			kern_setrlimit(curthread, RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim_stack);
1142 		}
1143 	} else if (sv->sv_maxssiz != NULL) {
1144 		ssiz = *sv->sv_maxssiz;
1145 	} else {
1146 		ssiz = maxssiz;
1147 	}
1148 	stack_addr = sv->sv_usrstack - ssiz;
1149 	error = vm_map_stack(map, stack_addr, (vm_size_t)ssiz,
1150 	    obj != NULL && imgp->stack_prot != 0 ? imgp->stack_prot :
1151 	    sv->sv_stackprot, VM_PROT_ALL, MAP_STACK_GROWS_DOWN);
1152 	if (error != KERN_SUCCESS)
1153 		return (vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1154 
1155 	/*
1156 	 * vm_ssize and vm_maxsaddr are somewhat antiquated concepts, but they
1157 	 * are still used to enforce the stack rlimit on the process stack.
1158 	 */
1159 	vmspace->vm_ssize = sgrowsiz >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1160 	vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (char *)stack_addr;
1161 
1162 	return (0);
1163 }
1164 
1165 /*
1166  * Copy out argument and environment strings from the old process address
1167  * space into the temporary string buffer.
1168  */
1169 int
1170 exec_copyin_args(struct image_args *args, char *fname,
1171     enum uio_seg segflg, char **argv, char **envv)
1172 {
1173 	u_long argp, envp;
1174 	int error;
1175 	size_t length;
1176 
1177 	bzero(args, sizeof(*args));
1178 	if (argv == NULL)
1179 		return (EFAULT);
1180 
1181 	/*
1182 	 * Allocate demand-paged memory for the file name, argument, and
1183 	 * environment strings.
1184 	 */
1185 	error = exec_alloc_args(args);
1186 	if (error != 0)
1187 		return (error);
1188 
1189 	/*
1190 	 * Copy the file name.
1191 	 */
1192 	if (fname != NULL) {
1193 		args->fname = args->buf;
1194 		error = (segflg == UIO_SYSSPACE) ?
1195 		    copystr(fname, args->fname, PATH_MAX, &length) :
1196 		    copyinstr(fname, args->fname, PATH_MAX, &length);
1197 		if (error != 0)
1198 			goto err_exit;
1199 	} else
1200 		length = 0;
1201 
1202 	args->begin_argv = args->buf + length;
1203 	args->endp = args->begin_argv;
1204 	args->stringspace = ARG_MAX;
1205 
1206 	/*
1207 	 * extract arguments first
1208 	 */
1209 	for (;;) {
1210 		error = fueword(argv++, &argp);
1211 		if (error == -1) {
1212 			error = EFAULT;
1213 			goto err_exit;
1214 		}
1215 		if (argp == 0)
1216 			break;
1217 		error = copyinstr((void *)(uintptr_t)argp, args->endp,
1218 		    args->stringspace, &length);
1219 		if (error != 0) {
1220 			if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
1221 				error = E2BIG;
1222 			goto err_exit;
1223 		}
1224 		args->stringspace -= length;
1225 		args->endp += length;
1226 		args->argc++;
1227 	}
1228 
1229 	args->begin_envv = args->endp;
1230 
1231 	/*
1232 	 * extract environment strings
1233 	 */
1234 	if (envv) {
1235 		for (;;) {
1236 			error = fueword(envv++, &envp);
1237 			if (error == -1) {
1238 				error = EFAULT;
1239 				goto err_exit;
1240 			}
1241 			if (envp == 0)
1242 				break;
1243 			error = copyinstr((void *)(uintptr_t)envp,
1244 			    args->endp, args->stringspace, &length);
1245 			if (error != 0) {
1246 				if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
1247 					error = E2BIG;
1248 				goto err_exit;
1249 			}
1250 			args->stringspace -= length;
1251 			args->endp += length;
1252 			args->envc++;
1253 		}
1254 	}
1255 
1256 	return (0);
1257 
1258 err_exit:
1259 	exec_free_args(args);
1260 	return (error);
1261 }
1262 
1263 int
1264 exec_copyin_data_fds(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args,
1265     const void *data, size_t datalen, const int *fds, size_t fdslen)
1266 {
1267 	struct filedesc *ofdp;
1268 	const char *p;
1269 	int *kfds;
1270 	int error;
1271 
1272 	memset(args, '\0', sizeof(*args));
1273 	ofdp = td->td_proc->p_fd;
1274 	if (datalen >= ARG_MAX || fdslen > ofdp->fd_lastfile + 1)
1275 		return (E2BIG);
1276 	error = exec_alloc_args(args);
1277 	if (error != 0)
1278 		return (error);
1279 
1280 	args->begin_argv = args->buf;
1281 	args->stringspace = ARG_MAX;
1282 
1283 	if (datalen > 0) {
1284 		/*
1285 		 * Argument buffer has been provided. Copy it into the
1286 		 * kernel as a single string and add a terminating null
1287 		 * byte.
1288 		 */
1289 		error = copyin(data, args->begin_argv, datalen);
1290 		if (error != 0)
1291 			goto err_exit;
1292 		args->begin_argv[datalen] = '\0';
1293 		args->endp = args->begin_argv + datalen + 1;
1294 		args->stringspace -= datalen + 1;
1295 
1296 		/*
1297 		 * Traditional argument counting. Count the number of
1298 		 * null bytes.
1299 		 */
1300 		for (p = args->begin_argv; p < args->endp; ++p)
1301 			if (*p == '\0')
1302 				++args->argc;
1303 	} else {
1304 		/* No argument buffer provided. */
1305 		args->endp = args->begin_argv;
1306 	}
1307 	/* There are no environment variables. */
1308 	args->begin_envv = args->endp;
1309 
1310 	/* Create new file descriptor table. */
1311 	kfds = malloc(fdslen * sizeof(int), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
1312 	error = copyin(fds, kfds, fdslen * sizeof(int));
1313 	if (error != 0) {
1314 		free(kfds, M_TEMP);
1315 		goto err_exit;
1316 	}
1317 	error = fdcopy_remapped(ofdp, kfds, fdslen, &args->fdp);
1318 	free(kfds, M_TEMP);
1319 	if (error != 0)
1320 		goto err_exit;
1321 
1322 	return (0);
1323 err_exit:
1324 	exec_free_args(args);
1325 	return (error);
1326 }
1327 
1328 struct exec_args_kva {
1329 	vm_offset_t addr;
1330 	u_int gen;
1331 	SLIST_ENTRY(exec_args_kva) next;
1332 };
1333 
1334 DPCPU_DEFINE_STATIC(struct exec_args_kva *, exec_args_kva);
1335 
1336 static SLIST_HEAD(, exec_args_kva) exec_args_kva_freelist;
1337 static struct mtx exec_args_kva_mtx;
1338 static u_int exec_args_gen;
1339 
1340 static void
1341 exec_prealloc_args_kva(void *arg __unused)
1342 {
1343 	struct exec_args_kva *argkva;
1344 	u_int i;
1345 
1346 	SLIST_INIT(&exec_args_kva_freelist);
1347 	mtx_init(&exec_args_kva_mtx, "exec args kva", NULL, MTX_DEF);
1348 	for (i = 0; i < exec_map_entries; i++) {
1349 		argkva = malloc(sizeof(*argkva), M_PARGS, M_WAITOK);
1350 		argkva->addr = kmap_alloc_wait(exec_map, exec_map_entry_size);
1351 		argkva->gen = exec_args_gen;
1352 		SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&exec_args_kva_freelist, argkva, next);
1353 	}
1354 }
1355 SYSINIT(exec_args_kva, SI_SUB_EXEC, SI_ORDER_ANY, exec_prealloc_args_kva, NULL);
1356 
1357 static vm_offset_t
1358 exec_alloc_args_kva(void **cookie)
1359 {
1360 	struct exec_args_kva *argkva;
1361 
1362 	argkva = (void *)atomic_readandclear_ptr(
1363 	    (uintptr_t *)DPCPU_PTR(exec_args_kva));
1364 	if (argkva == NULL) {
1365 		mtx_lock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1366 		while ((argkva = SLIST_FIRST(&exec_args_kva_freelist)) == NULL)
1367 			(void)mtx_sleep(&exec_args_kva_freelist,
1368 			    &exec_args_kva_mtx, 0, "execkva", 0);
1369 		SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&exec_args_kva_freelist, next);
1370 		mtx_unlock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1371 	}
1372 	*(struct exec_args_kva **)cookie = argkva;
1373 	return (argkva->addr);
1374 }
1375 
1376 static void
1377 exec_release_args_kva(struct exec_args_kva *argkva, u_int gen)
1378 {
1379 	vm_offset_t base;
1380 
1381 	base = argkva->addr;
1382 	if (argkva->gen != gen) {
1383 		(void)vm_map_madvise(exec_map, base, base + exec_map_entry_size,
1384 		    MADV_FREE);
1385 		argkva->gen = gen;
1386 	}
1387 	if (!atomic_cmpset_ptr((uintptr_t *)DPCPU_PTR(exec_args_kva),
1388 	    (uintptr_t)NULL, (uintptr_t)argkva)) {
1389 		mtx_lock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1390 		SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&exec_args_kva_freelist, argkva, next);
1391 		wakeup_one(&exec_args_kva_freelist);
1392 		mtx_unlock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1393 	}
1394 }
1395 
1396 static void
1397 exec_free_args_kva(void *cookie)
1398 {
1399 
1400 	exec_release_args_kva(cookie, exec_args_gen);
1401 }
1402 
1403 static void
1404 exec_args_kva_lowmem(void *arg __unused)
1405 {
1406 	SLIST_HEAD(, exec_args_kva) head;
1407 	struct exec_args_kva *argkva;
1408 	u_int gen;
1409 	int i;
1410 
1411 	gen = atomic_fetchadd_int(&exec_args_gen, 1) + 1;
1412 
1413 	/*
1414 	 * Force an madvise of each KVA range. Any currently allocated ranges
1415 	 * will have MADV_FREE applied once they are freed.
1416 	 */
1417 	SLIST_INIT(&head);
1418 	mtx_lock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1419 	SLIST_SWAP(&head, &exec_args_kva_freelist, exec_args_kva);
1420 	mtx_unlock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1421 	while ((argkva = SLIST_FIRST(&head)) != NULL) {
1422 		SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, next);
1423 		exec_release_args_kva(argkva, gen);
1424 	}
1425 
1426 	CPU_FOREACH(i) {
1427 		argkva = (void *)atomic_readandclear_ptr(
1428 		    (uintptr_t *)DPCPU_ID_PTR(i, exec_args_kva));
1429 		if (argkva != NULL)
1430 			exec_release_args_kva(argkva, gen);
1431 	}
1432 }
1433 EVENTHANDLER_DEFINE(vm_lowmem, exec_args_kva_lowmem, NULL,
1434     EVENTHANDLER_PRI_ANY);
1435 
1436 /*
1437  * Allocate temporary demand-paged, zero-filled memory for the file name,
1438  * argument, and environment strings.
1439  */
1440 int
1441 exec_alloc_args(struct image_args *args)
1442 {
1443 
1444 	args->buf = (char *)exec_alloc_args_kva(&args->bufkva);
1445 	return (0);
1446 }
1447 
1448 void
1449 exec_free_args(struct image_args *args)
1450 {
1451 
1452 	if (args->buf != NULL) {
1453 		exec_free_args_kva(args->bufkva);
1454 		args->buf = NULL;
1455 	}
1456 	if (args->fname_buf != NULL) {
1457 		free(args->fname_buf, M_TEMP);
1458 		args->fname_buf = NULL;
1459 	}
1460 	if (args->fdp != NULL)
1461 		fdescfree_remapped(args->fdp);
1462 }
1463 
1464 /*
1465  * Copy strings out to the new process address space, constructing new arg
1466  * and env vector tables. Return a pointer to the base so that it can be used
1467  * as the initial stack pointer.
1468  */
1469 register_t *
1470 exec_copyout_strings(struct image_params *imgp)
1471 {
1472 	int argc, envc;
1473 	char **vectp;
1474 	char *stringp;
1475 	uintptr_t destp;
1476 	register_t *stack_base;
1477 	struct ps_strings *arginfo;
1478 	struct proc *p;
1479 	size_t execpath_len;
1480 	int szsigcode, szps;
1481 	char canary[sizeof(long) * 8];
1482 
1483 	szps = sizeof(pagesizes[0]) * MAXPAGESIZES;
1484 	/*
1485 	 * Calculate string base and vector table pointers.
1486 	 * Also deal with signal trampoline code for this exec type.
1487 	 */
1488 	if (imgp->execpath != NULL && imgp->auxargs != NULL)
1489 		execpath_len = strlen(imgp->execpath) + 1;
1490 	else
1491 		execpath_len = 0;
1492 	p = imgp->proc;
1493 	szsigcode = 0;
1494 	arginfo = (struct ps_strings *)p->p_sysent->sv_psstrings;
1495 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_sigcode_base == 0) {
1496 		if (p->p_sysent->sv_szsigcode != NULL)
1497 			szsigcode = *(p->p_sysent->sv_szsigcode);
1498 	}
1499 	destp =	(uintptr_t)arginfo;
1500 
1501 	/*
1502 	 * install sigcode
1503 	 */
1504 	if (szsigcode != 0) {
1505 		destp -= szsigcode;
1506 		destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1507 		copyout(p->p_sysent->sv_sigcode, (void *)destp, szsigcode);
1508 	}
1509 
1510 	/*
1511 	 * Copy the image path for the rtld.
1512 	 */
1513 	if (execpath_len != 0) {
1514 		destp -= execpath_len;
1515 		destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1516 		imgp->execpathp = destp;
1517 		copyout(imgp->execpath, (void *)destp, execpath_len);
1518 	}
1519 
1520 	/*
1521 	 * Prepare the canary for SSP.
1522 	 */
1523 	arc4rand(canary, sizeof(canary), 0);
1524 	destp -= sizeof(canary);
1525 	imgp->canary = destp;
1526 	copyout(canary, (void *)destp, sizeof(canary));
1527 	imgp->canarylen = sizeof(canary);
1528 
1529 	/*
1530 	 * Prepare the pagesizes array.
1531 	 */
1532 	destp -= szps;
1533 	destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1534 	imgp->pagesizes = destp;
1535 	copyout(pagesizes, (void *)destp, szps);
1536 	imgp->pagesizeslen = szps;
1537 
1538 	destp -= ARG_MAX - imgp->args->stringspace;
1539 	destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1540 
1541 	vectp = (char **)destp;
1542 	if (imgp->auxargs) {
1543 		/*
1544 		 * Allocate room on the stack for the ELF auxargs
1545 		 * array.  It has up to AT_COUNT entries.
1546 		 */
1547 		vectp -= howmany(AT_COUNT * sizeof(Elf_Auxinfo),
1548 		    sizeof(*vectp));
1549 	}
1550 
1551 	/*
1552 	 * Allocate room for the argv[] and env vectors including the
1553 	 * terminating NULL pointers.
1554 	 */
1555 	vectp -= imgp->args->argc + 1 + imgp->args->envc + 1;
1556 
1557 	/*
1558 	 * vectp also becomes our initial stack base
1559 	 */
1560 	stack_base = (register_t *)vectp;
1561 
1562 	stringp = imgp->args->begin_argv;
1563 	argc = imgp->args->argc;
1564 	envc = imgp->args->envc;
1565 
1566 	/*
1567 	 * Copy out strings - arguments and environment.
1568 	 */
1569 	copyout(stringp, (void *)destp, ARG_MAX - imgp->args->stringspace);
1570 
1571 	/*
1572 	 * Fill in "ps_strings" struct for ps, w, etc.
1573 	 */
1574 	suword(&arginfo->ps_argvstr, (long)(intptr_t)vectp);
1575 	suword32(&arginfo->ps_nargvstr, argc);
1576 
1577 	/*
1578 	 * Fill in argument portion of vector table.
1579 	 */
1580 	for (; argc > 0; --argc) {
1581 		suword(vectp++, (long)(intptr_t)destp);
1582 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
1583 			destp++;
1584 		destp++;
1585 	}
1586 
1587 	/* a null vector table pointer separates the argp's from the envp's */
1588 	suword(vectp++, 0);
1589 
1590 	suword(&arginfo->ps_envstr, (long)(intptr_t)vectp);
1591 	suword32(&arginfo->ps_nenvstr, envc);
1592 
1593 	/*
1594 	 * Fill in environment portion of vector table.
1595 	 */
1596 	for (; envc > 0; --envc) {
1597 		suword(vectp++, (long)(intptr_t)destp);
1598 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
1599 			destp++;
1600 		destp++;
1601 	}
1602 
1603 	/* end of vector table is a null pointer */
1604 	suword(vectp, 0);
1605 
1606 	return (stack_base);
1607 }
1608 
1609 /*
1610  * Check permissions of file to execute.
1611  *	Called with imgp->vp locked.
1612  *	Return 0 for success or error code on failure.
1613  */
1614 int
1615 exec_check_permissions(struct image_params *imgp)
1616 {
1617 	struct vnode *vp = imgp->vp;
1618 	struct vattr *attr = imgp->attr;
1619 	struct thread *td;
1620 	int error, writecount;
1621 
1622 	td = curthread;
1623 
1624 	/* Get file attributes */
1625 	error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, attr, td->td_ucred);
1626 	if (error)
1627 		return (error);
1628 
1629 #ifdef MAC
1630 	error = mac_vnode_check_exec(td->td_ucred, imgp->vp, imgp);
1631 	if (error)
1632 		return (error);
1633 #endif
1634 
1635 	/*
1636 	 * 1) Check if file execution is disabled for the filesystem that
1637 	 *    this file resides on.
1638 	 * 2) Ensure that at least one execute bit is on. Otherwise, a
1639 	 *    privileged user will always succeed, and we don't want this
1640 	 *    to happen unless the file really is executable.
1641 	 * 3) Ensure that the file is a regular file.
1642 	 */
1643 	if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) ||
1644 	    (attr->va_mode & (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)) == 0 ||
1645 	    (attr->va_type != VREG))
1646 		return (EACCES);
1647 
1648 	/*
1649 	 * Zero length files can't be exec'd
1650 	 */
1651 	if (attr->va_size == 0)
1652 		return (ENOEXEC);
1653 
1654 	/*
1655 	 *  Check for execute permission to file based on current credentials.
1656 	 */
1657 	error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, td->td_ucred, td);
1658 	if (error)
1659 		return (error);
1660 
1661 	/*
1662 	 * Check number of open-for-writes on the file and deny execution
1663 	 * if there are any.
1664 	 */
1665 	error = VOP_GET_WRITECOUNT(vp, &writecount);
1666 	if (error != 0)
1667 		return (error);
1668 	if (writecount != 0)
1669 		return (ETXTBSY);
1670 
1671 	/*
1672 	 * Call filesystem specific open routine (which does nothing in the
1673 	 * general case).
1674 	 */
1675 	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
1676 	if (error == 0)
1677 		imgp->opened = 1;
1678 	return (error);
1679 }
1680 
1681 /*
1682  * Exec handler registration
1683  */
1684 int
1685 exec_register(const struct execsw *execsw_arg)
1686 {
1687 	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
1688 	u_int count = 2;	/* New slot and trailing NULL */
1689 
1690 	if (execsw)
1691 		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
1692 			count++;
1693 	newexecsw = malloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
1694 	xs = newexecsw;
1695 	if (execsw)
1696 		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
1697 			*xs++ = *es;
1698 	*xs++ = execsw_arg;
1699 	*xs = NULL;
1700 	if (execsw)
1701 		free(execsw, M_TEMP);
1702 	execsw = newexecsw;
1703 	return (0);
1704 }
1705 
1706 int
1707 exec_unregister(const struct execsw *execsw_arg)
1708 {
1709 	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
1710 	int count = 1;
1711 
1712 	if (execsw == NULL)
1713 		panic("unregister with no handlers left?\n");
1714 
1715 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++) {
1716 		if (*es == execsw_arg)
1717 			break;
1718 	}
1719 	if (*es == NULL)
1720 		return (ENOENT);
1721 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
1722 		if (*es != execsw_arg)
1723 			count++;
1724 	newexecsw = malloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
1725 	xs = newexecsw;
1726 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
1727 		if (*es != execsw_arg)
1728 			*xs++ = *es;
1729 	*xs = NULL;
1730 	if (execsw)
1731 		free(execsw, M_TEMP);
1732 	execsw = newexecsw;
1733 	return (0);
1734 }
1735