xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/init_main.c (revision f7c32ed617858bcd22f8d1b03199099d50125721)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
8  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
9  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
10  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
11  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
12  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
13  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
14  *
15  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
16  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
17  * are met:
18  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
20  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
21  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
22  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
23  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
24  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
25  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
26  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
27  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
28  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
29  *    without specific prior written permission.
30  *
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
32  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
33  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
34  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
35  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
36  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
37  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
38  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
39  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
40  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
41  * SUCH DAMAGE.
42  *
43  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
44  */
45 
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 #include "opt_ddb.h"
50 #include "opt_kdb.h"
51 #include "opt_init_path.h"
52 #include "opt_verbose_sysinit.h"
53 
54 #include <sys/param.h>
55 #include <sys/kernel.h>
56 #include <sys/epoch.h>
57 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
58 #include <sys/exec.h>
59 #include <sys/file.h>
60 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
61 #include <sys/imgact.h>
62 #include <sys/jail.h>
63 #include <sys/ktr.h>
64 #include <sys/lock.h>
65 #include <sys/loginclass.h>
66 #include <sys/mount.h>
67 #include <sys/mutex.h>
68 #include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
69 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/proc.h>
72 #include <sys/racct.h>
73 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
74 #include <sys/systm.h>
75 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
76 #include <sys/vnode.h>
77 #include <sys/sysent.h>
78 #include <sys/reboot.h>
79 #include <sys/sched.h>
80 #include <sys/sx.h>
81 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
82 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
83 #include <sys/unistd.h>
84 #include <sys/malloc.h>
85 #include <sys/conf.h>
86 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
87 
88 #include <machine/cpu.h>
89 
90 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
91 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
92 
93 #include <vm/vm.h>
94 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
95 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
96 #include <vm/pmap.h>
97 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
98 #include <sys/copyright.h>
99 
100 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
101 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
102 
103 void mi_startup(void);				/* Should be elsewhere */
104 
105 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
106 static struct session session0;
107 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
108 struct	proc proc0;
109 struct thread0_storage thread0_st __aligned(32);
110 struct	vmspace vmspace0;
111 struct	proc *initproc;
112 
113 int
114 linux_alloc_current_noop(struct thread *td __unused, int flags __unused)
115 {
116 	return (0);
117 }
118 int (*lkpi_alloc_current)(struct thread *, int) = linux_alloc_current_noop;
119 
120 #ifndef BOOTHOWTO
121 #define	BOOTHOWTO	0
122 #endif
123 int	boothowto = BOOTHOWTO;	/* initialized so that it can be patched */
124 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0,
125 	"Boot control flags, passed from loader");
126 
127 #ifndef BOOTVERBOSE
128 #define	BOOTVERBOSE	0
129 #endif
130 int	bootverbose = BOOTVERBOSE;
131 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0,
132 	"Control the output of verbose kernel messages");
133 
134 #ifdef VERBOSE_SYSINIT
135 /*
136  * We'll use the defined value of VERBOSE_SYSINIT from the kernel config to
137  * dictate the default VERBOSE_SYSINIT behavior.  Significant values for this
138  * option and associated tunable are:
139  * - 0, 'compiled in but silent by default'
140  * - 1, 'compiled in but verbose by default' (default)
141  */
142 int	verbose_sysinit = VERBOSE_SYSINIT;
143 TUNABLE_INT("debug.verbose_sysinit", &verbose_sysinit);
144 #endif
145 
146 #ifdef INVARIANTS
147 FEATURE(invariants, "Kernel compiled with INVARIANTS, may affect performance");
148 #endif
149 
150 /*
151  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
152  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
153  * executed.
154  */
155 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
156 
157 /*
158  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
159  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
160  */
161 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
162 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
163 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
164 
165 /*
166  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
167  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
168  */
169 void
170 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
171 {
172 	struct sysinit **newset;
173 	struct sysinit **sipp;
174 	struct sysinit **xipp;
175 	int count;
176 
177 	count = set_end - set;
178 	if (newsysinit)
179 		count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
180 	else
181 		count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
182 	newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
183 	if (newset == NULL)
184 		panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
185 	xipp = newset;
186 	if (newsysinit)
187 		for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
188 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
189 	else
190 		for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
191 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
192 	for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
193 		*xipp++ = *sipp;
194 	if (newsysinit)
195 		free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
196 	newsysinit = newset;
197 	newsysinit_end = newset + count;
198 }
199 
200 #if defined (DDB) && defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
201 static const char *
202 symbol_name(vm_offset_t va, db_strategy_t strategy)
203 {
204 	const char *name;
205 	c_db_sym_t sym;
206 	db_expr_t  offset;
207 
208 	if (va == 0)
209 		return (NULL);
210 	sym = db_search_symbol(va, strategy, &offset);
211 	if (offset != 0)
212 		return (NULL);
213 	db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
214 	return (name);
215 }
216 #endif
217 
218 /*
219  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
220  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
221  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
222  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
223  *
224  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
225  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
226  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
227  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
228  */
229 void
230 mi_startup(void)
231 {
232 
233 	struct sysinit **sipp;	/* system initialization*/
234 	struct sysinit **xipp;	/* interior loop of sort*/
235 	struct sysinit *save;	/* bubble*/
236 
237 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
238 	int last;
239 	int verbose;
240 #endif
241 
242 	TSENTER();
243 
244 	if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
245 		bootverbose++;
246 
247 	if (sysinit == NULL) {
248 		sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
249 		sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
250 	}
251 
252 restart:
253 	/*
254 	 * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
255 	 * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
256 	 */
257 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
258 		for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
259 			if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
260 			     ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
261 			      (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
262 				continue;	/* skip*/
263 			save = *sipp;
264 			*sipp = *xipp;
265 			*xipp = save;
266 		}
267 	}
268 
269 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
270 	last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
271 	verbose = 0;
272 #if !defined(DDB)
273 	printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
274 #endif
275 #endif
276 
277 	/*
278 	 * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
279 	 * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
280 	 */
281 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
282 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
283 			continue;	/* skip dummy task(s)*/
284 
285 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
286 			continue;
287 
288 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
289 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last && verbose_sysinit != 0) {
290 			verbose = 1;
291 			last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
292 			printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
293 		}
294 		if (verbose) {
295 #if defined(DDB)
296 			const char *func, *data;
297 
298 			func = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
299 			    DB_STGY_PROC);
300 			data = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->udata,
301 			    DB_STGY_ANY);
302 			if (func != NULL && data != NULL)
303 				printf("   %s(&%s)... ", func, data);
304 			else if (func != NULL)
305 				printf("   %s(%p)... ", func, (*sipp)->udata);
306 			else
307 #endif
308 				printf("   %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
309 				    (*sipp)->udata);
310 		}
311 #endif
312 
313 		/* Call function */
314 		(*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
315 
316 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
317 		if (verbose)
318 			printf("done.\n");
319 #endif
320 
321 		/* Check off the one we're just done */
322 		(*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
323 
324 		/* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
325 		if (newsysinit != NULL) {
326 			if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
327 				free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
328 			sysinit = newsysinit;
329 			sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
330 			newsysinit = NULL;
331 			newsysinit_end = NULL;
332 			goto restart;
333 		}
334 	}
335 
336 	TSEXIT();	/* Here so we don't overlap with start_init. */
337 
338 	mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_OWNED | MA_NOTRECURSED);
339 	mtx_unlock(&Giant);
340 
341 	/*
342 	 * Now hand over this thread to swapper.
343 	 */
344 	swapper();
345 	/* NOTREACHED*/
346 }
347 
348 static void
349 print_caddr_t(void *data)
350 {
351 	printf("%s", (char *)data);
352 }
353 
354 static void
355 print_version(void *data __unused)
356 {
357 	int len;
358 
359 	/* Strip a trailing newline from version. */
360 	len = strlen(version);
361 	while (len > 0 && version[len - 1] == '\n')
362 		len--;
363 	printf("%.*s %s\n", len, version, machine);
364 	printf("%s\n", compiler_version);
365 }
366 
367 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
368     copyright);
369 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
370     trademark);
371 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_version, NULL);
372 
373 #ifdef WITNESS
374 static char wit_warn[] =
375      "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
376 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FOURTH,
377    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
378 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_FOURTH,
379    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
380 #endif
381 
382 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
383 static char diag_warn[] =
384      "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
385 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIFTH,
386     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
387 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_FIFTH,
388     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
389 #endif
390 
391 static int
392 null_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td __unused)
393 {
394 
395 	panic("null_fetch_syscall_args");
396 }
397 
398 static void
399 null_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td __unused, int error __unused)
400 {
401 
402 	panic("null_set_syscall_retval");
403 }
404 
405 static void
406 null_set_fork_retval(struct thread *td __unused)
407 {
408 
409 }
410 
411 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
412 	.sv_size	= 0,
413 	.sv_table	= NULL,
414 	.sv_transtrap	= NULL,
415 	.sv_fixup	= NULL,
416 	.sv_sendsig	= NULL,
417 	.sv_sigcode	= NULL,
418 	.sv_szsigcode	= NULL,
419 	.sv_name	= "null",
420 	.sv_coredump	= NULL,
421 	.sv_imgact_try	= NULL,
422 	.sv_minsigstksz	= 0,
423 	.sv_minuser	= VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
424 	.sv_maxuser	= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
425 	.sv_usrstack	= USRSTACK,
426 	.sv_psstrings	= PS_STRINGS,
427 	.sv_stackprot	= VM_PROT_ALL,
428 	.sv_copyout_strings	= NULL,
429 	.sv_setregs	= NULL,
430 	.sv_fixlimit	= NULL,
431 	.sv_maxssiz	= NULL,
432 	.sv_flags	= 0,
433 	.sv_set_syscall_retval = null_set_syscall_retval,
434 	.sv_fetch_syscall_args = null_fetch_syscall_args,
435 	.sv_syscallnames = NULL,
436 	.sv_schedtail	= NULL,
437 	.sv_thread_detach = NULL,
438 	.sv_trap	= NULL,
439 	.sv_set_fork_retval = null_set_fork_retval,
440 };
441 
442 /*
443  * The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
444  * convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
445  * operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
446  * for right now.
447  */
448 /* ARGSUSED*/
449 static void
450 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
451 {
452 	struct proc *p;
453 	struct thread *td;
454 	struct ucred *newcred;
455 	struct uidinfo tmpuinfo;
456 	struct loginclass tmplc = {
457 		.lc_name = "",
458 	};
459 	vm_paddr_t pageablemem;
460 	int i;
461 
462 	GIANT_REQUIRED;
463 	p = &proc0;
464 	td = &thread0;
465 
466 	/*
467 	 * Initialize magic number and osrel.
468 	 */
469 	p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
470 	p->p_osrel = osreldate;
471 
472 	/*
473 	 * Initialize thread and process structures.
474 	 */
475 	procinit();	/* set up proc zone */
476 	threadinit();	/* set up UMA zones */
477 
478 	/*
479 	 * Initialise scheduler resources.
480 	 * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
481 	 */
482 	schedinit();	/* scheduler gets its house in order */
483 
484 	/*
485 	 * Create process 0 (the swapper).
486 	 */
487 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
488 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
489 	mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
490 	p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
491 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
492 	LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
493 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
494 
495 	pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
496 	mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
497 	refcount_init(&session0.s_count, 1);
498 	session0.s_leader = p;
499 
500 	p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
501 	p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM | P_KPROC;
502 	p->p_flag2 = 0;
503 	p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
504 	p->p_klist = knlist_alloc(&p->p_mtx);
505 	STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
506 	p->p_nice = NZERO;
507 	td->td_tid = THREAD0_TID;
508 	tidhash_add(td);
509 	TD_SET_STATE(td, TDS_RUNNING);
510 	td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
511 	td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
512 	td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
513 	td->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
514 	td->td_priority = PVM;
515 	td->td_base_pri = PVM;
516 	td->td_oncpu = curcpu;
517 	td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM;
518 	td->td_pflags = TDP_KTHREAD;
519 	td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
520 	td->td_domain.dr_policy = td->td_cpuset->cs_domain;
521 	prison0_init();
522 	p->p_peers = 0;
523 	p->p_leader = p;
524 	p->p_reaper = p;
525 	p->p_treeflag |= P_TREE_REAPER;
526 	LIST_INIT(&p->p_reaplist);
527 
528 	strncpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof (p->p_comm));
529 	strncpy(td->td_name, "swapper", sizeof (td->td_name));
530 
531 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_itcallout, &p->p_mtx, 0);
532 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
533 	callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, 1);
534 	TAILQ_INIT(&p->p_kqtim_stop);
535 
536 	/* Create credentials. */
537 	newcred = crget();
538 	newcred->cr_ngroups = 1;	/* group 0 */
539 	/* A hack to prevent uifind from tripping over NULL pointers. */
540 	curthread->td_ucred = newcred;
541 	tmpuinfo.ui_uid = 1;
542 	newcred->cr_uidinfo = newcred->cr_ruidinfo = &tmpuinfo;
543 	newcred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
544 	newcred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
545 	newcred->cr_loginclass = &tmplc;
546 	newcred->cr_loginclass = loginclass_find("default");
547 	/* End hack. creds get properly set later with thread_cow_get_proc */
548 	curthread->td_ucred = NULL;
549 	newcred->cr_prison = &prison0;
550 	newcred->cr_users++; /* avoid assertion failure */
551 	proc_set_cred_init(p, newcred);
552 	newcred->cr_users--;
553 	crfree(newcred);
554 #ifdef AUDIT
555 	audit_cred_kproc0(newcred);
556 #endif
557 #ifdef MAC
558 	mac_cred_create_swapper(newcred);
559 #endif
560 	/* Create sigacts. */
561 	p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
562 
563 	/* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
564 	siginit(&proc0);
565 
566 	/* Create the file descriptor table. */
567 	p->p_pd = pdinit(NULL, false);
568 	p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL, false, NULL);
569 	p->p_fdtol = NULL;
570 
571 	/* Create the limits structures. */
572 	p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
573 	for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
574 		p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
575 		    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
576 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
577 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
578 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
579 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
580 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur = dfldsiz;
581 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_max = maxdsiz;
582 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur = dflssiz;
583 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_max = maxssiz;
584 	/* Cast to avoid overflow on i386/PAE. */
585 	pageablemem = ptoa((vm_paddr_t)vm_free_count());
586 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_cur =
587 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = pageablemem;
588 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = pageablemem / 3;
589 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = pageablemem;
590 	p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
591 
592 	PROC_LOCK(p);
593 	thread_cow_get_proc(td, p);
594 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
595 
596 	/* Initialize resource accounting structures. */
597 	racct_create(&p->p_racct);
598 
599 	p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
600 
601 	/* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
602 	p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
603 	refcount_init(&vmspace0.vm_refcnt, 1);
604 	pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * proc0 is not expected to enter usermode, so there is no special
608 	 * handling for sv_minuser here, like is done for exec_new_vmspace().
609 	 */
610 	vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0),
611 	    p->p_sysent->sv_minuser, p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
612 
613 	/*
614 	 * Call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc.  We wait
615 	 * to do this until all other structures are fairly sane.
616 	 */
617 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(process_init, p);
618 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
619 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
620 	kdtrace_proc_ctor(p);
621 	kdtrace_thread_ctor(td);
622 #endif
623 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
624 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
625 
626 	/*
627 	 * Charge root for one process.
628 	 */
629 	(void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
630 	PROC_LOCK(p);
631 	racct_add_force(p, RACCT_NPROC, 1);
632 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
633 }
634 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
635 
636 /* ARGSUSED*/
637 static void
638 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
639 {
640 	struct proc *p;
641 	struct rusage ru;
642 	struct thread *td;
643 
644 	/*
645 	 * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
646 	 * time from the filesystem.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
647 	 */
648 	sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
649 	FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
650 		PROC_LOCK(p);
651 		if (p->p_state == PRS_NEW) {
652 			PROC_UNLOCK(p);
653 			continue;
654 		}
655 		microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
656 		PROC_STATLOCK(p);
657 		rufetch(p, &ru);	/* Clears thread stats */
658 		p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
659 		p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
660 		p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
661 		p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
662 		PROC_STATUNLOCK(p);
663 		FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
664 			td->td_runtime = 0;
665 		}
666 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
667 	}
668 	sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
669 	PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
670 	PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
671 }
672 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
673 
674 /*
675  ***************************************************************************
676  ****
677  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
678  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
679  ****
680  ***************************************************************************
681  */
682 
683 /*
684  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
685  */
686 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
687 #ifdef	INIT_PATH
688     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
689 #else
690     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init";
691 #endif
692 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
693 	"Path used to search the init process");
694 
695 /*
696  * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
697  * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
698  */
699 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
700 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
701 #endif
702 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
703 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
704 	CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "Shutdown timeout of init(8). "
705 	"Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8)");
706 
707 /*
708  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
709  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
710  */
711 static void
712 start_init(void *dummy)
713 {
714 	struct image_args args;
715 	int error;
716 	char *var, *path;
717 	char *free_init_path, *tmp_init_path;
718 	struct thread *td;
719 	struct proc *p;
720 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
721 
722 	TSENTER();	/* Here so we don't overlap with mi_startup. */
723 
724 	td = curthread;
725 	p = td->td_proc;
726 
727 	vfs_mountroot();
728 
729 	/* Wipe GELI passphrase from the environment. */
730 	kern_unsetenv("kern.geom.eli.passphrase");
731 
732 	/* For Multicons, report which console is primary to both */
733 	if (boothowto & RB_MULTIPLE) {
734 		if (boothowto & RB_SERIAL)
735 			printf("Dual Console: Serial Primary, Video Secondary\n");
736 		else
737 			printf("Dual Console: Video Primary, Serial Secondary\n");
738 	}
739 
740 	if ((var = kern_getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
741 		strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
742 		freeenv(var);
743 	}
744 	free_init_path = tmp_init_path = strdup(init_path, M_TEMP);
745 
746 	while ((path = strsep(&tmp_init_path, ":")) != NULL) {
747 		if (bootverbose)
748 			printf("start_init: trying %s\n", path);
749 
750 		memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
751 		error = exec_alloc_args(&args);
752 		if (error != 0)
753 			panic("%s: Can't allocate space for init arguments %d",
754 			    __func__, error);
755 
756 		error = exec_args_add_fname(&args, path, UIO_SYSSPACE);
757 		if (error != 0)
758 			panic("%s: Can't add fname %d", __func__, error);
759 		error = exec_args_add_arg(&args, path, UIO_SYSSPACE);
760 		if (error != 0)
761 			panic("%s: Can't add argv[0] %d", __func__, error);
762 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE)
763 			error = exec_args_add_arg(&args, "-s", UIO_SYSSPACE);
764 		if (error != 0)
765 			panic("%s: Can't add argv[0] %d", __func__, error);
766 
767 		/*
768 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
769 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
770 		 *
771 		 * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
772 		 * to user mode as init!
773 		 */
774 		KASSERT((td->td_pflags & TDP_EXECVMSPC) == 0,
775 		    ("nested execve"));
776 		oldvmspace = p->p_vmspace;
777 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, NULL, oldvmspace);
778 		KASSERT(error != 0,
779 		    ("kern_execve returned success, not EJUSTRETURN"));
780 		if (error == EJUSTRETURN) {
781 			exec_cleanup(td, oldvmspace);
782 			free(free_init_path, M_TEMP);
783 			TSEXIT();
784 			return;
785 		}
786 		if (error != ENOENT)
787 			printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error);
788 	}
789 	free(free_init_path, M_TEMP);
790 	printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
791 	panic("no init");
792 }
793 
794 /*
795  * Like kproc_create(), but runs in its own address space.  We do this
796  * early to reserve pid 1.  Note special case - do not make it
797  * runnable yet, init execution is started when userspace can be served.
798  */
799 static void
800 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
801 {
802 	struct fork_req fr;
803 	struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
804 	struct thread *td;
805 	int error;
806 
807 	bzero(&fr, sizeof(fr));
808 	fr.fr_flags = RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED;
809 	fr.fr_procp = &initproc;
810 	error = fork1(&thread0, &fr);
811 	if (error)
812 		panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
813 	KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
814 	/* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
815 	newcred = crget();
816 	sx_xlock(&proctree_lock);
817 	PROC_LOCK(initproc);
818 	initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
819 	initproc->p_treeflag |= P_TREE_REAPER;
820 	oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
821 	crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
822 #ifdef MAC
823 	mac_cred_create_init(newcred);
824 #endif
825 #ifdef AUDIT
826 	audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
827 #endif
828 	proc_set_cred(initproc, newcred);
829 	td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
830 	crcowfree(td);
831 	td->td_realucred = crcowget(initproc->p_ucred);
832 	td->td_ucred = td->td_realucred;
833 	PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
834 	sx_xunlock(&proctree_lock);
835 	crfree(oldcred);
836 	cpu_fork_kthread_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc),
837 	    start_init, NULL);
838 }
839 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
840 
841 /*
842  * Make it runnable now.
843  */
844 static void
845 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
846 {
847 	struct thread *td;
848 
849 	td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
850 	thread_lock(td);
851 	TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td);
852 	sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
853 }
854 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE, kick_init, NULL);
855 
856 /*
857  * DDB(4).
858  */
859 #ifdef DDB
860 static void
861 db_show_print_syinit(struct sysinit *sip, bool ddb)
862 {
863 	const char *sname, *funcname;
864 	c_db_sym_t sym;
865 	db_expr_t  offset;
866 
867 #define xprint(...)							\
868 	if (ddb)							\
869 		db_printf(__VA_ARGS__);					\
870 	else								\
871 		printf(__VA_ARGS__)
872 
873 	if (sip == NULL) {
874 		xprint("%s: no sysinit * given\n", __func__);
875 		return;
876 	}
877 
878 	sym = db_search_symbol((vm_offset_t)sip, DB_STGY_ANY, &offset);
879 	db_symbol_values(sym, &sname, NULL);
880 	sym = db_search_symbol((vm_offset_t)sip->func, DB_STGY_PROC, &offset);
881 	db_symbol_values(sym, &funcname, NULL);
882 	xprint("%s(%p)\n", (sname != NULL) ? sname : "", sip);
883 	xprint("  %#08x %#08x\n", sip->subsystem, sip->order);
884 	xprint("  %p(%s)(%p)\n",
885 	    sip->func, (funcname != NULL) ? funcname : "", sip->udata);
886 #undef xprint
887 }
888 
889 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(sysinit, db_show_sysinit)
890 {
891 	struct sysinit **sipp;
892 
893 	db_printf("SYSINIT vs Name(Ptr)\n");
894 	db_printf("  Subsystem  Order\n");
895 	db_printf("  Function(Name)(Arg)\n");
896 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
897 		db_show_print_syinit(*sipp, true);
898 		if (db_pager_quit)
899 			break;
900 	}
901 }
902 #endif /* DDB */
903