xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/init_main.c (revision cc4a90c445aa04be36c3ef745cbe67fa339b94b5)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
8  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
9  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
10  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
11  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
12  *
13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
15  * are met:
16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
23  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
24  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
25  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27  *    without specific prior written permission.
28  *
29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
40  *
41  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
42  */
43 
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 #include "opt_ddb.h"
48 #include "opt_init_path.h"
49 #include "opt_verbose_sysinit.h"
50 
51 #include <sys/param.h>
52 #include <sys/kernel.h>
53 #include <sys/exec.h>
54 #include <sys/file.h>
55 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
56 #include <sys/jail.h>
57 #include <sys/ktr.h>
58 #include <sys/lock.h>
59 #include <sys/loginclass.h>
60 #include <sys/mount.h>
61 #include <sys/mutex.h>
62 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
63 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
64 #include <sys/proc.h>
65 #include <sys/racct.h>
66 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
67 #include <sys/systm.h>
68 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
69 #include <sys/vnode.h>
70 #include <sys/sysent.h>
71 #include <sys/reboot.h>
72 #include <sys/sched.h>
73 #include <sys/sx.h>
74 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
75 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
76 #include <sys/unistd.h>
77 #include <sys/malloc.h>
78 #include <sys/conf.h>
79 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
80 
81 #include <machine/cpu.h>
82 
83 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
84 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
85 
86 #include <vm/vm.h>
87 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
88 #include <vm/pmap.h>
89 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
90 #include <sys/copyright.h>
91 
92 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
93 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
94 
95 void mi_startup(void);				/* Should be elsewhere */
96 
97 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
98 static struct session session0;
99 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
100 struct	proc proc0;
101 struct	thread thread0 __aligned(16);
102 struct	vmspace vmspace0;
103 struct	proc *initproc;
104 
105 #ifndef BOOTHOWTO
106 #define	BOOTHOWTO	0
107 #endif
108 int	boothowto = BOOTHOWTO;	/* initialized so that it can be patched */
109 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0,
110 	"Boot control flags, passed from loader");
111 
112 #ifndef BOOTVERBOSE
113 #define	BOOTVERBOSE	0
114 #endif
115 int	bootverbose = BOOTVERBOSE;
116 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0,
117 	"Control the output of verbose kernel messages");
118 
119 /*
120  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
121  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
122  * executed.
123  */
124 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
125 
126 /*
127  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
128  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
129  */
130 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
131 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
132 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
133 
134 /*
135  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
136  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
137  */
138 void
139 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
140 {
141 	struct sysinit **newset;
142 	struct sysinit **sipp;
143 	struct sysinit **xipp;
144 	int count;
145 
146 	count = set_end - set;
147 	if (newsysinit)
148 		count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
149 	else
150 		count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
151 	newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
152 	if (newset == NULL)
153 		panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
154 	xipp = newset;
155 	if (newsysinit)
156 		for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
157 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
158 	else
159 		for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
160 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
161 	for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
162 		*xipp++ = *sipp;
163 	if (newsysinit)
164 		free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
165 	newsysinit = newset;
166 	newsysinit_end = newset + count;
167 }
168 
169 #if defined (DDB) && defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
170 static const char *
171 symbol_name(vm_offset_t va, db_strategy_t strategy)
172 {
173 	const char *name;
174 	c_db_sym_t sym;
175 	db_expr_t  offset;
176 
177 	if (va == 0)
178 		return (NULL);
179 	sym = db_search_symbol(va, strategy, &offset);
180 	if (offset != 0)
181 		return (NULL);
182 	db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
183 	return (name);
184 }
185 #endif
186 
187 /*
188  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
189  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
190  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
191  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
192  *
193  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
194  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
195  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
196  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
197  */
198 void
199 mi_startup(void)
200 {
201 
202 	register struct sysinit **sipp;		/* system initialization*/
203 	register struct sysinit **xipp;		/* interior loop of sort*/
204 	register struct sysinit *save;		/* bubble*/
205 
206 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
207 	int last;
208 	int verbose;
209 #endif
210 
211 	if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
212 		bootverbose++;
213 
214 	if (sysinit == NULL) {
215 		sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
216 		sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
217 	}
218 
219 restart:
220 	/*
221 	 * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
222 	 * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
223 	 */
224 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
225 		for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
226 			if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
227 			     ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
228 			      (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
229 				continue;	/* skip*/
230 			save = *sipp;
231 			*sipp = *xipp;
232 			*xipp = save;
233 		}
234 	}
235 
236 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
237 	last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
238 	verbose = 0;
239 #if !defined(DDB)
240 	printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
241 #endif
242 #endif
243 
244 	/*
245 	 * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
246 	 * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
247 	 */
248 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
249 
250 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
251 			continue;	/* skip dummy task(s)*/
252 
253 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
254 			continue;
255 
256 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
257 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last) {
258 			verbose = 1;
259 			last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
260 			printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
261 		}
262 		if (verbose) {
263 #if defined(DDB)
264 			const char *func, *data;
265 
266 			func = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
267 			    DB_STGY_PROC);
268 			data = symbol_name((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->udata,
269 			    DB_STGY_ANY);
270 			if (func != NULL && data != NULL)
271 				printf("   %s(&%s)... ", func, data);
272 			else if (func != NULL)
273 				printf("   %s(%p)... ", func, (*sipp)->udata);
274 			else
275 #endif
276 				printf("   %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
277 				    (*sipp)->udata);
278 		}
279 #endif
280 
281 		/* Call function */
282 		(*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
283 
284 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
285 		if (verbose)
286 			printf("done.\n");
287 #endif
288 
289 		/* Check off the one we're just done */
290 		(*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
291 
292 		/* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
293 		if (newsysinit != NULL) {
294 			if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
295 				free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
296 			sysinit = newsysinit;
297 			sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
298 			newsysinit = NULL;
299 			newsysinit_end = NULL;
300 			goto restart;
301 		}
302 	}
303 
304 	mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_OWNED | MA_NOTRECURSED);
305 	mtx_unlock(&Giant);
306 
307 	/*
308 	 * Now hand over this thread to swapper.
309 	 */
310 	swapper();
311 	/* NOTREACHED*/
312 }
313 
314 
315 /*
316  ***************************************************************************
317  ****
318  **** The following SYSINIT's belong elsewhere, but have not yet
319  **** been moved.
320  ****
321  ***************************************************************************
322  */
323 static void
324 print_caddr_t(void *data)
325 {
326 	printf("%s", (char *)data);
327 }
328 
329 static void
330 print_version(void *data __unused)
331 {
332 	int len;
333 
334 	/* Strip a trailing newline from version. */
335 	len = strlen(version);
336 	while (len > 0 && version[len - 1] == '\n')
337 		len--;
338 	printf("%.*s %s\n", len, version, machine);
339 	printf("%s\n", compiler_version);
340 }
341 
342 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
343     copyright);
344 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
345     trademark);
346 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_version, NULL);
347 
348 #ifdef WITNESS
349 static char wit_warn[] =
350      "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
351 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
352    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
353 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
354    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
355 #endif
356 
357 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
358 static char diag_warn[] =
359      "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
360 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
361     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
362 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_LAST, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
363     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
364 #endif
365 
366 static int
367 null_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td __unused,
368     struct syscall_args *sa __unused)
369 {
370 
371 	panic("null_fetch_syscall_args");
372 }
373 
374 static void
375 null_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td __unused, int error __unused)
376 {
377 
378 	panic("null_set_syscall_retval");
379 }
380 
381 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
382 	.sv_size	= 0,
383 	.sv_table	= NULL,
384 	.sv_mask	= 0,
385 	.sv_sigsize	= 0,
386 	.sv_sigtbl	= NULL,
387 	.sv_errsize	= 0,
388 	.sv_errtbl	= NULL,
389 	.sv_transtrap	= NULL,
390 	.sv_fixup	= NULL,
391 	.sv_sendsig	= NULL,
392 	.sv_sigcode	= NULL,
393 	.sv_szsigcode	= NULL,
394 	.sv_prepsyscall	= NULL,
395 	.sv_name	= "null",
396 	.sv_coredump	= NULL,
397 	.sv_imgact_try	= NULL,
398 	.sv_minsigstksz	= 0,
399 	.sv_pagesize	= PAGE_SIZE,
400 	.sv_minuser	= VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
401 	.sv_maxuser	= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
402 	.sv_usrstack	= USRSTACK,
403 	.sv_psstrings	= PS_STRINGS,
404 	.sv_stackprot	= VM_PROT_ALL,
405 	.sv_copyout_strings	= NULL,
406 	.sv_setregs	= NULL,
407 	.sv_fixlimit	= NULL,
408 	.sv_maxssiz	= NULL,
409 	.sv_flags	= 0,
410 	.sv_set_syscall_retval = null_set_syscall_retval,
411 	.sv_fetch_syscall_args = null_fetch_syscall_args,
412 	.sv_syscallnames = NULL,
413 	.sv_schedtail	= NULL,
414 };
415 
416 /*
417  ***************************************************************************
418  ****
419  **** The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
420  **** convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
421  **** operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
422  **** for right now.
423  ****
424  **** These probably belong in init_proc.c or kern_proc.c, since they
425  **** deal with proc0 (the fork template process).
426  ****
427  ***************************************************************************
428  */
429 /* ARGSUSED*/
430 static void
431 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
432 {
433 	struct proc *p;
434 	struct thread *td;
435 	vm_paddr_t pageablemem;
436 	int i;
437 
438 	GIANT_REQUIRED;
439 	p = &proc0;
440 	td = &thread0;
441 
442 	/*
443 	 * Initialize magic number and osrel.
444 	 */
445 	p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
446 	p->p_osrel = osreldate;
447 
448 	/*
449 	 * Initialize thread and process structures.
450 	 */
451 	procinit();	/* set up proc zone */
452 	threadinit();	/* set up UMA zones */
453 
454 	/*
455 	 * Initialise scheduler resources.
456 	 * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
457 	 */
458 	schedinit();	/* scheduler gets its house in order */
459 
460 	/*
461 	 * Create process 0 (the swapper).
462 	 */
463 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
464 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
465 	mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
466 	p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
467 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
468 	LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
469 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
470 
471 	pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
472 	mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
473 	refcount_init(&session0.s_count, 1);
474 	session0.s_leader = p;
475 
476 	p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
477 	p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
478 	p->p_flag2 = 0;
479 	p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
480 	knlist_init_mtx(&p->p_klist, &p->p_mtx);
481 	STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
482 	p->p_nice = NZERO;
483 	/* pid_max cannot be greater than PID_MAX */
484 	td->td_tid = PID_MAX + 1;
485 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(td->td_tid), td, td_hash);
486 	td->td_state = TDS_RUNNING;
487 	td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
488 	td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
489 	td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
490 	td->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
491 	td->td_priority = PVM;
492 	td->td_base_pri = PVM;
493 	td->td_oncpu = 0;
494 	td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM;
495 	td->td_pflags = TDP_KTHREAD;
496 	td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
497 	prison0.pr_cpuset = cpuset_ref(td->td_cpuset);
498 	p->p_peers = 0;
499 	p->p_leader = p;
500 	p->p_reaper = p;
501 	LIST_INIT(&p->p_reaplist);
502 
503 	strncpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof (p->p_comm));
504 	strncpy(td->td_name, "swapper", sizeof (td->td_name));
505 
506 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_itcallout, &p->p_mtx, 0);
507 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
508 	callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
509 
510 	/* Create credentials. */
511 	p->p_ucred = crget();
512 	p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1;	/* group 0 */
513 	p->p_ucred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
514 	p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
515 	p->p_ucred->cr_prison = &prison0;
516 	p->p_ucred->cr_loginclass = loginclass_find("default");
517 #ifdef AUDIT
518 	audit_cred_kproc0(p->p_ucred);
519 #endif
520 #ifdef MAC
521 	mac_cred_create_swapper(p->p_ucred);
522 #endif
523 	td->td_ucred = crhold(p->p_ucred);
524 
525 	/* Create sigacts. */
526 	p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
527 
528 	/* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
529 	siginit(&proc0);
530 
531 	/* Create the file descriptor table. */
532 	p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL, false);
533 	p->p_fdtol = NULL;
534 
535 	/* Create the limits structures. */
536 	p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
537 	for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
538 		p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
539 		    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
540 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
541 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
542 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
543 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
544 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur = dfldsiz;
545 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_max = maxdsiz;
546 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur = dflssiz;
547 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_max = maxssiz;
548 	/* Cast to avoid overflow on i386/PAE. */
549 	pageablemem = ptoa((vm_paddr_t)vm_cnt.v_free_count);
550 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_cur =
551 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = pageablemem;
552 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = pageablemem / 3;
553 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = pageablemem;
554 	p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
555 
556 	/* Initialize resource accounting structures. */
557 	racct_create(&p->p_racct);
558 
559 	p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
560 
561 	/* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
562 	pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
563 	p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
564 	vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
565 
566 	/*
567 	 * proc0 is not expected to enter usermode, so there is no special
568 	 * handling for sv_minuser here, like is done for exec_new_vmspace().
569 	 */
570 	vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0),
571 	    p->p_sysent->sv_minuser, p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
572 
573 	/*
574 	 * Call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc.  We wait
575 	 * to do this until all other structures are fairly sane.
576 	 */
577 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_init, p);
578 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
579 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
580 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
581 
582 	/*
583 	 * Charge root for one process.
584 	 */
585 	(void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
586 	PROC_LOCK(p);
587 	racct_add_force(p, RACCT_NPROC, 1);
588 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
589 }
590 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
591 
592 /* ARGSUSED*/
593 static void
594 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
595 {
596 	struct timespec ts;
597 	struct proc *p;
598 	struct rusage ru;
599 	struct thread *td;
600 
601 	/*
602 	 * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
603 	 * time from the filesystem.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
604 	 */
605 	sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
606 	FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
607 		microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
608 		PROC_STATLOCK(p);
609 		rufetch(p, &ru);	/* Clears thread stats */
610 		PROC_STATUNLOCK(p);
611 		p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
612 		p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
613 		p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
614 		p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
615 		FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
616 			td->td_runtime = 0;
617 		}
618 	}
619 	sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
620 	PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
621 	PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
625 	 */
626 	nanotime(&ts);
627 	srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
628 }
629 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
630 
631 static void
632 random_init(void *dummy __unused)
633 {
634 
635 	/*
636 	 * After CPU has been started we have some randomness on most
637 	 * platforms via get_cyclecount().  For platforms that don't
638 	 * we will reseed random(9) in proc0_post() as well.
639 	 */
640 	srandom(get_cyclecount());
641 }
642 SYSINIT(random, SI_SUB_RANDOM, SI_ORDER_FIRST, random_init, NULL);
643 
644 /*
645  ***************************************************************************
646  ****
647  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
648  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
649  ****
650  ***************************************************************************
651  */
652 
653 
654 /*
655  ***************************************************************************
656  ****
657  **** The following code probably belongs in another file, like
658  **** kern/init_init.c.
659  ****
660  ***************************************************************************
661  */
662 
663 /*
664  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
665  */
666 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
667 #ifdef	INIT_PATH
668     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
669 #else
670     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init";
671 #endif
672 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
673 	"Path used to search the init process");
674 
675 /*
676  * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
677  * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
678  */
679 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
680 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
681 #endif
682 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
683 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
684 	CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "Shutdown timeout of init(8). "
685 	"Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8)");
686 
687 /*
688  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
689  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
690  */
691 static void
692 start_init(void *dummy)
693 {
694 	vm_offset_t addr;
695 	struct execve_args args;
696 	int options, error;
697 	char *var, *path, *next, *s;
698 	char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
699 	struct thread *td;
700 	struct proc *p;
701 
702 	mtx_lock(&Giant);
703 
704 	GIANT_REQUIRED;
705 
706 	td = curthread;
707 	p = td->td_proc;
708 
709 	vfs_mountroot();
710 
711 	/*
712 	 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
713 	 */
714 	addr = p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack - PAGE_SIZE;
715 	if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
716 	    VMFS_NO_SPACE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
717 		panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
718 	p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
719 	p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
720 
721 	if ((var = kern_getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
722 		strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
723 		freeenv(var);
724 	}
725 
726 	for (path = init_path; *path != '\0'; path = next) {
727 		while (*path == ':')
728 			path++;
729 		if (*path == '\0')
730 			break;
731 		for (next = path; *next != '\0' && *next != ':'; next++)
732 			/* nothing */ ;
733 		if (bootverbose)
734 			printf("start_init: trying %.*s\n", (int)(next - path),
735 			    path);
736 
737 		/*
738 		 * Move out the boot flag argument.
739 		 */
740 		options = 0;
741 		ucp = (char *)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
742 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 0);		/* trailing zero */
743 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
744 			(void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
745 			options = 1;
746 		}
747 #ifdef notyet
748                 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
749 			(void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
750 			options = 1;
751 		}
752 #endif
753 
754 #ifdef BOOTCDROM
755 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
756 		options = 1;
757 #endif
758 
759 		if (options == 0)
760 			(void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
761 		(void)subyte(--ucp, '-');		/* leading hyphen */
762 		arg1 = ucp;
763 
764 		/*
765 		 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
766 		 */
767 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 0);
768 		for (s = next - 1; s >= path; s--)
769 			(void)subyte(--ucp, *s);
770 		arg0 = ucp;
771 
772 		/*
773 		 * Move out the arg pointers.
774 		 */
775 		uap = (char **)((intptr_t)ucp & ~(sizeof(intptr_t)-1));
776 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0);	/* terminator */
777 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
778 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
779 
780 		/*
781 		 * Point at the arguments.
782 		 */
783 		args.fname = arg0;
784 		args.argv = uap;
785 		args.envv = NULL;
786 
787 		/*
788 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
789 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
790 		 *
791 		 * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
792 		 * to user mode as init!
793 		 */
794 		if ((error = sys_execve(td, &args)) == 0) {
795 			mtx_unlock(&Giant);
796 			return;
797 		}
798 		if (error != ENOENT)
799 			printf("exec %.*s: error %d\n", (int)(next - path),
800 			    path, error);
801 	}
802 	printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
803 	panic("no init");
804 }
805 
806 /*
807  * Like kproc_create(), but runs in it's own address space.
808  * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
809  *
810  * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet.  Other work
811  * in progress will change this more.
812  */
813 static void
814 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
815 {
816 	struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
817 	int error;
818 
819 	error = fork1(&thread0, RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED, 0, &initproc,
820 	    NULL, 0);
821 	if (error)
822 		panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
823 	KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
824 	/* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
825 	newcred = crget();
826 	sx_xlock(&proctree_lock);
827 	PROC_LOCK(initproc);
828 	initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
829 	initproc->p_treeflag |= P_TREE_REAPER;
830 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&initproc->p_reaplist, &proc0, p_reapsibling);
831 	oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
832 	crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
833 #ifdef MAC
834 	mac_cred_create_init(newcred);
835 #endif
836 #ifdef AUDIT
837 	audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
838 #endif
839 	initproc->p_ucred = newcred;
840 	PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
841 	sx_xunlock(&proctree_lock);
842 	crfree(oldcred);
843 	cred_update_thread(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc));
844 	cpu_set_fork_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc), start_init, NULL);
845 }
846 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
847 
848 /*
849  * Make it runnable now.
850  */
851 static void
852 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
853 {
854 	struct thread *td;
855 
856 	td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
857 	thread_lock(td);
858 	TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td);
859 	sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
860 	thread_unlock(td);
861 }
862 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE, kick_init, NULL);
863