xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/init_main.c (revision 3c87aa1d3dc1d8dad3efad322852a8e1e76dee55)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1995 Terrence R. Lambert
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
8  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
9  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
10  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
11  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
12  *
13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
15  * are met:
16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
23  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
24  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
25  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27  *    without specific prior written permission.
28  *
29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
40  *
41  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.9 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
42  */
43 
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 #include "opt_ddb.h"
48 #include "opt_init_path.h"
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/kernel.h>
52 #include <sys/exec.h>
53 #include <sys/file.h>
54 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
55 #include <sys/jail.h>
56 #include <sys/ktr.h>
57 #include <sys/lock.h>
58 #include <sys/loginclass.h>
59 #include <sys/mount.h>
60 #include <sys/mutex.h>
61 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
62 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
63 #include <sys/proc.h>
64 #include <sys/racct.h>
65 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
66 #include <sys/systm.h>
67 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
68 #include <sys/vnode.h>
69 #include <sys/sysent.h>
70 #include <sys/reboot.h>
71 #include <sys/sched.h>
72 #include <sys/sx.h>
73 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
74 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
75 #include <sys/unistd.h>
76 #include <sys/malloc.h>
77 #include <sys/conf.h>
78 #include <sys/cpuset.h>
79 
80 #include <machine/cpu.h>
81 
82 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
83 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
84 
85 #include <vm/vm.h>
86 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
87 #include <vm/pmap.h>
88 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
89 #include <sys/copyright.h>
90 
91 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
92 #include <ddb/db_sym.h>
93 
94 void mi_startup(void);				/* Should be elsewhere */
95 
96 /* Components of the first process -- never freed. */
97 static struct session session0;
98 static struct pgrp pgrp0;
99 struct	proc proc0;
100 struct	thread thread0 __aligned(16);
101 struct	vmspace vmspace0;
102 struct	proc *initproc;
103 
104 int	boothowto = 0;		/* initialized so that it can be patched */
105 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, boothowto, CTLFLAG_RD, &boothowto, 0,
106 	"Boot control flags, passed from loader");
107 int	bootverbose;
108 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, bootverbose, CTLFLAG_RW, &bootverbose, 0,
109 	"Control the output of verbose kernel messages");
110 
111 /*
112  * This ensures that there is at least one entry so that the sysinit_set
113  * symbol is not undefined.  A sybsystem ID of SI_SUB_DUMMY is never
114  * executed.
115  */
116 SYSINIT(placeholder, SI_SUB_DUMMY, SI_ORDER_ANY, NULL, NULL);
117 
118 /*
119  * The sysinit table itself.  Items are checked off as the are run.
120  * If we want to register new sysinit types, add them to newsysinit.
121  */
122 SET_DECLARE(sysinit_set, struct sysinit);
123 struct sysinit **sysinit, **sysinit_end;
124 struct sysinit **newsysinit, **newsysinit_end;
125 
126 /*
127  * Merge a new sysinit set into the current set, reallocating it if
128  * necessary.  This can only be called after malloc is running.
129  */
130 void
131 sysinit_add(struct sysinit **set, struct sysinit **set_end)
132 {
133 	struct sysinit **newset;
134 	struct sysinit **sipp;
135 	struct sysinit **xipp;
136 	int count;
137 
138 	count = set_end - set;
139 	if (newsysinit)
140 		count += newsysinit_end - newsysinit;
141 	else
142 		count += sysinit_end - sysinit;
143 	newset = malloc(count * sizeof(*sipp), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
144 	if (newset == NULL)
145 		panic("cannot malloc for sysinit");
146 	xipp = newset;
147 	if (newsysinit)
148 		for (sipp = newsysinit; sipp < newsysinit_end; sipp++)
149 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
150 	else
151 		for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++)
152 			*xipp++ = *sipp;
153 	for (sipp = set; sipp < set_end; sipp++)
154 		*xipp++ = *sipp;
155 	if (newsysinit)
156 		free(newsysinit, M_TEMP);
157 	newsysinit = newset;
158 	newsysinit_end = newset + count;
159 }
160 
161 /*
162  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
163  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
164  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
165  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
166  *
167  * This allows simple addition of new kernel subsystems that require
168  * boot time initialization.  It also allows substitution of subsystem
169  * (for instance, a scheduler, kernel profiler, or VM system) by object
170  * module.  Finally, it allows for optional "kernel threads".
171  */
172 void
173 mi_startup(void)
174 {
175 
176 	register struct sysinit **sipp;		/* system initialization*/
177 	register struct sysinit **xipp;		/* interior loop of sort*/
178 	register struct sysinit *save;		/* bubble*/
179 
180 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
181 	int last;
182 	int verbose;
183 #endif
184 
185 	if (boothowto & RB_VERBOSE)
186 		bootverbose++;
187 
188 	if (sysinit == NULL) {
189 		sysinit = SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set);
190 		sysinit_end = SET_LIMIT(sysinit_set);
191 	}
192 
193 restart:
194 	/*
195 	 * Perform a bubble sort of the system initialization objects by
196 	 * their subsystem (primary key) and order (secondary key).
197 	 */
198 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
199 		for (xipp = sipp + 1; xipp < sysinit_end; xipp++) {
200 			if ((*sipp)->subsystem < (*xipp)->subsystem ||
201 			     ((*sipp)->subsystem == (*xipp)->subsystem &&
202 			      (*sipp)->order <= (*xipp)->order))
203 				continue;	/* skip*/
204 			save = *sipp;
205 			*sipp = *xipp;
206 			*xipp = save;
207 		}
208 	}
209 
210 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
211 	last = SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT;
212 	verbose = 0;
213 #if !defined(DDB)
214 	printf("VERBOSE_SYSINIT: DDB not enabled, symbol lookups disabled.\n");
215 #endif
216 #endif
217 
218 	/*
219 	 * Traverse the (now) ordered list of system initialization tasks.
220 	 * Perform each task, and continue on to the next task.
221 	 *
222 	 * The last item on the list is expected to be the scheduler,
223 	 * which will not return.
224 	 */
225 	for (sipp = sysinit; sipp < sysinit_end; sipp++) {
226 
227 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DUMMY)
228 			continue;	/* skip dummy task(s)*/
229 
230 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem == SI_SUB_DONE)
231 			continue;
232 
233 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
234 		if ((*sipp)->subsystem > last) {
235 			verbose = 1;
236 			last = (*sipp)->subsystem;
237 			printf("subsystem %x\n", last);
238 		}
239 		if (verbose) {
240 #if defined(DDB)
241 			const char *name;
242 			c_db_sym_t sym;
243 			db_expr_t  offset;
244 
245 			sym = db_search_symbol((vm_offset_t)(*sipp)->func,
246 			    DB_STGY_PROC, &offset);
247 			db_symbol_values(sym, &name, NULL);
248 			if (name != NULL)
249 				printf("   %s(%p)... ", name, (*sipp)->udata);
250 			else
251 #endif
252 				printf("   %p(%p)... ", (*sipp)->func,
253 				    (*sipp)->udata);
254 		}
255 #endif
256 
257 		/* Call function */
258 		(*((*sipp)->func))((*sipp)->udata);
259 
260 #if defined(VERBOSE_SYSINIT)
261 		if (verbose)
262 			printf("done.\n");
263 #endif
264 
265 		/* Check off the one we're just done */
266 		(*sipp)->subsystem = SI_SUB_DONE;
267 
268 		/* Check if we've installed more sysinit items via KLD */
269 		if (newsysinit != NULL) {
270 			if (sysinit != SET_BEGIN(sysinit_set))
271 				free(sysinit, M_TEMP);
272 			sysinit = newsysinit;
273 			sysinit_end = newsysinit_end;
274 			newsysinit = NULL;
275 			newsysinit_end = NULL;
276 			goto restart;
277 		}
278 	}
279 
280 	panic("Shouldn't get here!");
281 	/* NOTREACHED*/
282 }
283 
284 
285 /*
286  ***************************************************************************
287  ****
288  **** The following SYSINIT's belong elsewhere, but have not yet
289  **** been moved.
290  ****
291  ***************************************************************************
292  */
293 static void
294 print_caddr_t(void *data)
295 {
296 	printf("%s", (char *)data);
297 }
298 
299 static void
300 print_version(void *data __unused)
301 {
302 	int len;
303 
304 	/* Strip a trailing newline from version. */
305 	len = strlen(version);
306 	while (len > 0 && version[len - 1] == '\n')
307 		len--;
308 	printf("%.*s %s\n", len, version, machine);
309 }
310 
311 SYSINIT(announce, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, print_caddr_t,
312     copyright);
313 SYSINIT(trademark, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_SECOND, print_caddr_t,
314     trademark);
315 SYSINIT(version, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD, print_version, NULL);
316 
317 #ifdef WITNESS
318 static char wit_warn[] =
319      "WARNING: WITNESS option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
320 SYSINIT(witwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
321    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
322 SYSINIT(witwarn2, SI_SUB_RUN_SCHEDULER, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 1,
323    print_caddr_t, wit_warn);
324 #endif
325 
326 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
327 static char diag_warn[] =
328      "WARNING: DIAGNOSTIC option enabled, expect reduced performance.\n";
329 SYSINIT(diagwarn, SI_SUB_COPYRIGHT, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
330     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
331 SYSINIT(diagwarn2, SI_SUB_RUN_SCHEDULER, SI_ORDER_THIRD + 2,
332     print_caddr_t, diag_warn);
333 #endif
334 
335 static int
336 null_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td __unused,
337     struct syscall_args *sa __unused)
338 {
339 
340 	panic("null_fetch_syscall_args");
341 }
342 
343 static void
344 null_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td __unused, int error __unused)
345 {
346 
347 	panic("null_set_syscall_retval");
348 }
349 
350 struct sysentvec null_sysvec = {
351 	.sv_size	= 0,
352 	.sv_table	= NULL,
353 	.sv_mask	= 0,
354 	.sv_sigsize	= 0,
355 	.sv_sigtbl	= NULL,
356 	.sv_errsize	= 0,
357 	.sv_errtbl	= NULL,
358 	.sv_transtrap	= NULL,
359 	.sv_fixup	= NULL,
360 	.sv_sendsig	= NULL,
361 	.sv_sigcode	= NULL,
362 	.sv_szsigcode	= NULL,
363 	.sv_prepsyscall	= NULL,
364 	.sv_name	= "null",
365 	.sv_coredump	= NULL,
366 	.sv_imgact_try	= NULL,
367 	.sv_minsigstksz	= 0,
368 	.sv_pagesize	= PAGE_SIZE,
369 	.sv_minuser	= VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
370 	.sv_maxuser	= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS,
371 	.sv_usrstack	= USRSTACK,
372 	.sv_psstrings	= PS_STRINGS,
373 	.sv_stackprot	= VM_PROT_ALL,
374 	.sv_copyout_strings	= NULL,
375 	.sv_setregs	= NULL,
376 	.sv_fixlimit	= NULL,
377 	.sv_maxssiz	= NULL,
378 	.sv_flags	= 0,
379 	.sv_set_syscall_retval = null_set_syscall_retval,
380 	.sv_fetch_syscall_args = null_fetch_syscall_args,
381 	.sv_syscallnames = NULL,
382 	.sv_schedtail	= NULL,
383 };
384 
385 /*
386  ***************************************************************************
387  ****
388  **** The two following SYSINIT's are proc0 specific glue code.  I am not
389  **** convinced that they can not be safely combined, but their order of
390  **** operation has been maintained as the same as the original init_main.c
391  **** for right now.
392  ****
393  **** These probably belong in init_proc.c or kern_proc.c, since they
394  **** deal with proc0 (the fork template process).
395  ****
396  ***************************************************************************
397  */
398 /* ARGSUSED*/
399 static void
400 proc0_init(void *dummy __unused)
401 {
402 	struct proc *p;
403 	struct thread *td;
404 	vm_paddr_t pageablemem;
405 	int i;
406 
407 	GIANT_REQUIRED;
408 	p = &proc0;
409 	td = &thread0;
410 
411 	/*
412 	 * Initialize magic number and osrel.
413 	 */
414 	p->p_magic = P_MAGIC;
415 	p->p_osrel = osreldate;
416 
417 	/*
418 	 * Initialize thread and process structures.
419 	 */
420 	procinit();	/* set up proc zone */
421 	threadinit();	/* set up UMA zones */
422 
423 	/*
424 	 * Initialise scheduler resources.
425 	 * Add scheduler specific parts to proc, thread as needed.
426 	 */
427 	schedinit();	/* scheduler gets its house in order */
428 	/*
429 	 * Initialize sleep queue hash table
430 	 */
431 	sleepinit();
432 
433 	/*
434 	 * additional VM structures
435 	 */
436 	vm_init2();
437 
438 	/*
439 	 * Create process 0 (the swapper).
440 	 */
441 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p, p_list);
442 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(0), p, p_hash);
443 	mtx_init(&pgrp0.pg_mtx, "process group", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
444 	p->p_pgrp = &pgrp0;
445 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PGRPHASH(0), &pgrp0, pg_hash);
446 	LIST_INIT(&pgrp0.pg_members);
447 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pgrp0.pg_members, p, p_pglist);
448 
449 	pgrp0.pg_session = &session0;
450 	mtx_init(&session0.s_mtx, "session", NULL, MTX_DEF);
451 	refcount_init(&session0.s_count, 1);
452 	session0.s_leader = p;
453 
454 	p->p_sysent = &null_sysvec;
455 	p->p_flag = P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
456 	p->p_state = PRS_NORMAL;
457 	knlist_init_mtx(&p->p_klist, &p->p_mtx);
458 	STAILQ_INIT(&p->p_ktr);
459 	p->p_nice = NZERO;
460 	td->td_tid = PID_MAX + 1;
461 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(td->td_tid), td, td_hash);
462 	td->td_state = TDS_RUNNING;
463 	td->td_pri_class = PRI_TIMESHARE;
464 	td->td_user_pri = PUSER;
465 	td->td_base_user_pri = PUSER;
466 	td->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
467 	td->td_priority = PVM;
468 	td->td_base_pri = PVM;
469 	td->td_oncpu = 0;
470 	td->td_flags = TDF_INMEM|TDP_KTHREAD;
471 	td->td_cpuset = cpuset_thread0();
472 	prison0.pr_cpuset = cpuset_ref(td->td_cpuset);
473 	p->p_peers = 0;
474 	p->p_leader = p;
475 
476 
477 	strncpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof (p->p_comm));
478 	strncpy(td->td_name, "swapper", sizeof (td->td_name));
479 
480 	callout_init(&p->p_itcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
481 	callout_init_mtx(&p->p_limco, &p->p_mtx, 0);
482 	callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, CALLOUT_MPSAFE);
483 
484 	/* Create credentials. */
485 	p->p_ucred = crget();
486 	p->p_ucred->cr_ngroups = 1;	/* group 0 */
487 	p->p_ucred->cr_uidinfo = uifind(0);
488 	p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo = uifind(0);
489 	p->p_ucred->cr_prison = &prison0;
490 	p->p_ucred->cr_loginclass = loginclass_find("default");
491 #ifdef AUDIT
492 	audit_cred_kproc0(p->p_ucred);
493 #endif
494 #ifdef MAC
495 	mac_cred_create_swapper(p->p_ucred);
496 #endif
497 	td->td_ucred = crhold(p->p_ucred);
498 
499 	/* Create sigacts. */
500 	p->p_sigacts = sigacts_alloc();
501 
502 	/* Initialize signal state for process 0. */
503 	siginit(&proc0);
504 
505 	/* Create the file descriptor table. */
506 	p->p_fd = fdinit(NULL);
507 	p->p_fdtol = NULL;
508 
509 	/* Create the limits structures. */
510 	p->p_limit = lim_alloc();
511 	for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
512 		p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_cur =
513 		    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[i].rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
514 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur =
515 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_max = maxfiles;
516 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur =
517 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = maxproc;
518 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur = dfldsiz;
519 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_max = maxdsiz;
520 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur = dflssiz;
521 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_max = maxssiz;
522 	/* Cast to avoid overflow on i386/PAE. */
523 	pageablemem = ptoa((vm_paddr_t)cnt.v_free_count);
524 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_cur =
525 	    p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS].rlim_max = pageablemem;
526 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_cur = pageablemem / 3;
527 	p->p_limit->pl_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK].rlim_max = pageablemem;
528 	p->p_cpulimit = RLIM_INFINITY;
529 
530 	/* Initialize resource accounting structures. */
531 	racct_create(&p->p_racct);
532 
533 	p->p_stats = pstats_alloc();
534 
535 	/* Allocate a prototype map so we have something to fork. */
536 	pmap_pinit0(vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0));
537 	p->p_vmspace = &vmspace0;
538 	vmspace0.vm_refcnt = 1;
539 
540 	/*
541 	 * proc0 is not expected to enter usermode, so there is no special
542 	 * handling for sv_minuser here, like is done for exec_new_vmspace().
543 	 */
544 	vm_map_init(&vmspace0.vm_map, vmspace_pmap(&vmspace0),
545 	    p->p_sysent->sv_minuser, p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser);
546 
547 	/*
548 	 * Call the init and ctor for the new thread and proc.  We wait
549 	 * to do this until all other structures are fairly sane.
550 	 */
551 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_init, p);
552 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
553 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(process_ctor, p);
554 	EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
555 
556 	/*
557 	 * Charge root for one process.
558 	 */
559 	(void)chgproccnt(p->p_ucred->cr_ruidinfo, 1, 0);
560 	PROC_LOCK(p);
561 	racct_add_force(p, RACCT_NPROC, 1);
562 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
563 }
564 SYSINIT(p0init, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_init, NULL);
565 
566 /* ARGSUSED*/
567 static void
568 proc0_post(void *dummy __unused)
569 {
570 	struct timespec ts;
571 	struct proc *p;
572 	struct rusage ru;
573 	struct thread *td;
574 
575 	/*
576 	 * Now we can look at the time, having had a chance to verify the
577 	 * time from the filesystem.  Pretend that proc0 started now.
578 	 */
579 	sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
580 	FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
581 		microuptime(&p->p_stats->p_start);
582 		PROC_SLOCK(p);
583 		rufetch(p, &ru);	/* Clears thread stats */
584 		PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
585 		p->p_rux.rux_runtime = 0;
586 		p->p_rux.rux_uticks = 0;
587 		p->p_rux.rux_sticks = 0;
588 		p->p_rux.rux_iticks = 0;
589 		FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
590 			td->td_runtime = 0;
591 		}
592 	}
593 	sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
594 	PCPU_SET(switchtime, cpu_ticks());
595 	PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
596 
597 	/*
598 	 * Give the ``random'' number generator a thump.
599 	 */
600 	nanotime(&ts);
601 	srandom(ts.tv_sec ^ ts.tv_nsec);
602 }
603 SYSINIT(p0post, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC_POST, SI_ORDER_FIRST, proc0_post, NULL);
604 
605 static void
606 random_init(void *dummy __unused)
607 {
608 
609 	/*
610 	 * After CPU has been started we have some randomness on most
611 	 * platforms via get_cyclecount().  For platforms that don't
612 	 * we will reseed random(9) in proc0_post() as well.
613 	 */
614 	srandom(get_cyclecount());
615 }
616 SYSINIT(random, SI_SUB_RANDOM, SI_ORDER_FIRST, random_init, NULL);
617 
618 /*
619  ***************************************************************************
620  ****
621  **** The following SYSINIT's and glue code should be moved to the
622  **** respective files on a per subsystem basis.
623  ****
624  ***************************************************************************
625  */
626 
627 
628 /*
629  ***************************************************************************
630  ****
631  **** The following code probably belongs in another file, like
632  **** kern/init_init.c.
633  ****
634  ***************************************************************************
635  */
636 
637 /*
638  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
639  */
640 static char init_path[MAXPATHLEN] =
641 #ifdef	INIT_PATH
642     __XSTRING(INIT_PATH);
643 #else
644     "/sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:/rescue/init";
645 #endif
646 SYSCTL_STRING(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_path, CTLFLAG_RD, init_path, 0,
647 	"Path used to search the init process");
648 
649 /*
650  * Shutdown timeout of init(8).
651  * Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8), hence do not remove.
652  */
653 #ifndef INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
654 #define INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 120
655 #endif
656 static int init_shutdown_timeout = INIT_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT;
657 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, init_shutdown_timeout,
658 	CTLFLAG_RW, &init_shutdown_timeout, 0, "Shutdown timeout of init(8). "
659 	"Unused within kernel, but used to control init(8)");
660 
661 /*
662  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in init_path.
663  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
664  */
665 static void
666 start_init(void *dummy)
667 {
668 	vm_offset_t addr;
669 	struct execve_args args;
670 	int options, error;
671 	char *var, *path, *next, *s;
672 	char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1;
673 	struct thread *td;
674 	struct proc *p;
675 
676 	mtx_lock(&Giant);
677 
678 	GIANT_REQUIRED;
679 
680 	td = curthread;
681 	p = td->td_proc;
682 
683 	vfs_mountroot();
684 
685 	/*
686 	 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
687 	 */
688 	addr = p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack - PAGE_SIZE;
689 	if (vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
690 			FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != 0)
691 		panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
692 	p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (caddr_t)addr;
693 	p->p_vmspace->vm_ssize = 1;
694 
695 	if ((var = getenv("init_path")) != NULL) {
696 		strlcpy(init_path, var, sizeof(init_path));
697 		freeenv(var);
698 	}
699 
700 	for (path = init_path; *path != '\0'; path = next) {
701 		while (*path == ':')
702 			path++;
703 		if (*path == '\0')
704 			break;
705 		for (next = path; *next != '\0' && *next != ':'; next++)
706 			/* nothing */ ;
707 		if (bootverbose)
708 			printf("start_init: trying %.*s\n", (int)(next - path),
709 			    path);
710 
711 		/*
712 		 * Move out the boot flag argument.
713 		 */
714 		options = 0;
715 		ucp = (char *)p->p_sysent->sv_usrstack;
716 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 0);		/* trailing zero */
717 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
718 			(void)subyte(--ucp, 's');
719 			options = 1;
720 		}
721 #ifdef notyet
722                 if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
723 			(void)subyte(--ucp, 'f');
724 			options = 1;
725 		}
726 #endif
727 
728 #ifdef BOOTCDROM
729 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 'C');
730 		options = 1;
731 #endif
732 
733 		if (options == 0)
734 			(void)subyte(--ucp, '-');
735 		(void)subyte(--ucp, '-');		/* leading hyphen */
736 		arg1 = ucp;
737 
738 		/*
739 		 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
740 		 */
741 		(void)subyte(--ucp, 0);
742 		for (s = next - 1; s >= path; s--)
743 			(void)subyte(--ucp, *s);
744 		arg0 = ucp;
745 
746 		/*
747 		 * Move out the arg pointers.
748 		 */
749 		uap = (char **)((intptr_t)ucp & ~(sizeof(intptr_t)-1));
750 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)0);	/* terminator */
751 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg1);
752 		(void)suword((caddr_t)--uap, (long)(intptr_t)arg0);
753 
754 		/*
755 		 * Point at the arguments.
756 		 */
757 		args.fname = arg0;
758 		args.argv = uap;
759 		args.envv = NULL;
760 
761 		/*
762 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
763 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
764 		 *
765 		 * Otherwise, return via fork_trampoline() all the way
766 		 * to user mode as init!
767 		 */
768 		if ((error = sys_execve(td, &args)) == 0) {
769 			mtx_unlock(&Giant);
770 			return;
771 		}
772 		if (error != ENOENT)
773 			printf("exec %.*s: error %d\n", (int)(next - path),
774 			    path, error);
775 	}
776 	printf("init: not found in path %s\n", init_path);
777 	panic("no init");
778 }
779 
780 /*
781  * Like kproc_create(), but runs in it's own address space.
782  * We do this early to reserve pid 1.
783  *
784  * Note special case - do not make it runnable yet.  Other work
785  * in progress will change this more.
786  */
787 static void
788 create_init(const void *udata __unused)
789 {
790 	struct ucred *newcred, *oldcred;
791 	int error;
792 
793 	error = fork1(&thread0, RFFDG | RFPROC | RFSTOPPED, 0, &initproc,
794 	    NULL, 0);
795 	if (error)
796 		panic("cannot fork init: %d\n", error);
797 	KASSERT(initproc->p_pid == 1, ("create_init: initproc->p_pid != 1"));
798 	/* divorce init's credentials from the kernel's */
799 	newcred = crget();
800 	PROC_LOCK(initproc);
801 	initproc->p_flag |= P_SYSTEM | P_INMEM;
802 	oldcred = initproc->p_ucred;
803 	crcopy(newcred, oldcred);
804 #ifdef MAC
805 	mac_cred_create_init(newcred);
806 #endif
807 #ifdef AUDIT
808 	audit_cred_proc1(newcred);
809 #endif
810 	initproc->p_ucred = newcred;
811 	PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
812 	crfree(oldcred);
813 	cred_update_thread(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc));
814 	cpu_set_fork_handler(FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc), start_init, NULL);
815 }
816 SYSINIT(init, SI_SUB_CREATE_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, create_init, NULL);
817 
818 /*
819  * Make it runnable now.
820  */
821 static void
822 kick_init(const void *udata __unused)
823 {
824 	struct thread *td;
825 
826 	td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(initproc);
827 	thread_lock(td);
828 	TD_SET_CAN_RUN(td);
829 	sched_add(td, SRQ_BORING);
830 	thread_unlock(td);
831 }
832 SYSINIT(kickinit, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_INIT, SI_ORDER_FIRST, kick_init, NULL);
833