xref: /freebsd/sys/i386/include/atomic.h (revision f0a75d274af375d15b97b830966b99a02b7db911)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Doug Rabson
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  *
26  * $FreeBSD$
27  */
28 #ifndef _MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
29 #define	_MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
30 
31 #ifndef _SYS_CDEFS_H_
32 #error this file needs sys/cdefs.h as a prerequisite
33 #endif
34 
35 /*
36  * Various simple operations on memory, each of which is atomic in the
37  * presence of interrupts and multiple processors.
38  *
39  * atomic_set_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) |= (V))
40  * atomic_clear_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) &= ~(V))
41  * atomic_add_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) += (V))
42  * atomic_subtract_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) -= (V))
43  *
44  * atomic_set_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) |= (V))
45  * atomic_clear_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) &= ~(V))
46  * atomic_add_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) += (V))
47  * atomic_subtract_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) -= (V))
48  *
49  * atomic_set_int(P, V)		(*(u_int *)(P) |= (V))
50  * atomic_clear_int(P, V)	(*(u_int *)(P) &= ~(V))
51  * atomic_add_int(P, V)		(*(u_int *)(P) += (V))
52  * atomic_subtract_int(P, V)	(*(u_int *)(P) -= (V))
53  * atomic_readandclear_int(P)	(return (*(u_int *)(P)); *(u_int *)(P) = 0;)
54  *
55  * atomic_set_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) |= (V))
56  * atomic_clear_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) &= ~(V))
57  * atomic_add_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) += (V))
58  * atomic_subtract_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) -= (V))
59  * atomic_readandclear_long(P)	(return (*(u_long *)(P)); *(u_long *)(P) = 0;)
60  */
61 
62 /*
63  * The above functions are expanded inline in the statically-linked
64  * kernel.  Lock prefixes are generated if an SMP kernel is being
65  * built.
66  *
67  * Kernel modules call real functions which are built into the kernel.
68  * This allows kernel modules to be portable between UP and SMP systems.
69  */
70 #if defined(KLD_MODULE) || !defined(__GNUCLIKE_ASM)
71 #define	ATOMIC_ASM(NAME, TYPE, OP, CONS, V)			\
72 void atomic_##NAME##_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)
73 
74 int	atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int exp, u_int src);
75 u_int	atomic_fetchadd_int(volatile u_int *p, u_int v);
76 
77 #define	ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)			\
78 u_##TYPE	atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p);	\
79 void		atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)
80 
81 #else /* !KLD_MODULE && __GNUCLIKE_ASM */
82 
83 /*
84  * For userland, always use lock prefixes so that the binaries will run
85  * on both SMP and !SMP systems.
86  */
87 #if defined(SMP) || !defined(_KERNEL)
88 #define	MPLOCKED	"lock ; "
89 #else
90 #define	MPLOCKED
91 #endif
92 
93 /*
94  * The assembly is volatilized to demark potential before-and-after side
95  * effects if an interrupt or SMP collision were to occur.
96  */
97 #define	ATOMIC_ASM(NAME, TYPE, OP, CONS, V)		\
98 static __inline void					\
99 atomic_##NAME##_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
100 {							\
101 	__asm __volatile(MPLOCKED OP			\
102 	: "=m" (*p)					\
103 	: CONS (V), "m" (*p));				\
104 }							\
105 struct __hack
106 
107 /*
108  * Atomic compare and set, used by the mutex functions
109  *
110  * if (*dst == exp) *dst = src (all 32 bit words)
111  *
112  * Returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success
113  */
114 
115 #ifdef CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG
116 
117 static __inline int
118 atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int exp, u_int src)
119 {
120 	u_char res;
121 
122 	__asm __volatile(
123 	"	pushfl ;		"
124 	"	cli ;			"
125 	"	cmpl	%3,%4 ;		"
126 	"	jne	1f ;		"
127 	"	movl	%2,%1 ;		"
128 	"1:				"
129 	"       sete	%0 ;		"
130 	"	popfl ;			"
131 	"# atomic_cmpset_int"
132 	: "=q" (res),			/* 0 */
133 	  "=m" (*dst)			/* 1 */
134 	: "r" (src),			/* 2 */
135 	  "r" (exp),			/* 3 */
136 	  "m" (*dst)			/* 4 */
137 	: "memory");
138 
139 	return (res);
140 }
141 
142 #else /* !CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG */
143 
144 static __inline int
145 atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int exp, u_int src)
146 {
147 	u_char res;
148 
149 	__asm __volatile(
150 	"	" MPLOCKED "		"
151 	"	cmpxchgl %2,%1 ;	"
152 	"       sete	%0 ;		"
153 	"1:				"
154 	"# atomic_cmpset_int"
155 	: "=a" (res),			/* 0 */
156 	  "=m" (*dst)			/* 1 */
157 	: "r" (src),			/* 2 */
158 	  "a" (exp),			/* 3 */
159 	  "m" (*dst)			/* 4 */
160 	: "memory");
161 
162 	return (res);
163 }
164 
165 #endif /* CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG */
166 
167 /*
168  * Atomically add the value of v to the integer pointed to by p and return
169  * the previous value of *p.
170  */
171 static __inline u_int
172 atomic_fetchadd_int(volatile u_int *p, u_int v)
173 {
174 
175 	__asm __volatile(
176 	"	" MPLOCKED "		"
177 	"	xaddl	%0, %1 ;	"
178 	"# atomic_fetchadd_int"
179 	: "+r" (v),			/* 0 (result) */
180 	  "=m" (*p)			/* 1 */
181 	: "m" (*p));			/* 2 */
182 
183 	return (v);
184 }
185 
186 #if defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(SMP)
187 
188 /*
189  * We assume that a = b will do atomic loads and stores.  However, on a
190  * PentiumPro or higher, reads may pass writes, so for that case we have
191  * to use a serializing instruction (i.e. with LOCK) to do the load in
192  * SMP kernels.  For UP kernels, however, the cache of the single processor
193  * is always consistent, so we don't need any memory barriers.
194  */
195 #define	ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)		\
196 static __inline u_##TYPE				\
197 atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p)		\
198 {							\
199 	return (*p);					\
200 }							\
201 							\
202 static __inline void					\
203 atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
204 {							\
205 	*p = v;						\
206 }							\
207 struct __hack
208 
209 #else /* !(_KERNEL && !SMP) */
210 
211 #define	ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)		\
212 static __inline u_##TYPE				\
213 atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p)		\
214 {							\
215 	u_##TYPE res;					\
216 							\
217 	__asm __volatile(MPLOCKED LOP			\
218 	: "=a" (res),			/* 0 */		\
219 	  "=m" (*p)			/* 1 */		\
220 	: "m" (*p)			/* 2 */		\
221 	: "memory");					\
222 							\
223 	return (res);					\
224 }							\
225 							\
226 /*							\
227  * The XCHG instruction asserts LOCK automagically.	\
228  */							\
229 static __inline void					\
230 atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
231 {							\
232 	__asm __volatile(SOP				\
233 	: "=m" (*p),			/* 0 */		\
234 	  "+r" (v)			/* 1 */		\
235 	: "m" (*p));			/* 2 */		\
236 }							\
237 struct __hack
238 
239 #endif /* _KERNEL && !SMP */
240 
241 #endif /* KLD_MODULE || !__GNUCLIKE_ASM */
242 
243 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     char,  "orb %b1,%0",  "iq",  v);
244 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    char,  "andb %b1,%0", "iq", ~v);
245 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     char,  "addb %b1,%0", "iq",  v);
246 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, char,  "subb %b1,%0", "iq",  v);
247 
248 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     short, "orw %w1,%0",  "ir",  v);
249 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    short, "andw %w1,%0", "ir", ~v);
250 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     short, "addw %w1,%0", "ir",  v);
251 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, short, "subw %w1,%0", "ir",  v);
252 
253 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     int,   "orl %1,%0",   "ir",  v);
254 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    int,   "andl %1,%0",  "ir", ~v);
255 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     int,   "addl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
256 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, int,   "subl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
257 
258 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     long,  "orl %1,%0",   "ir",  v);
259 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    long,  "andl %1,%0",  "ir", ~v);
260 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     long,  "addl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
261 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, long,  "subl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
262 
263 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(char,	"cmpxchgb %b0,%1", "xchgb %b1,%0");
264 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(short,"cmpxchgw %w0,%1", "xchgw %w1,%0");
265 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(int,	"cmpxchgl %0,%1",  "xchgl %1,%0");
266 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(long,	"cmpxchgl %0,%1",  "xchgl %1,%0");
267 
268 #undef ATOMIC_ASM
269 #undef ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD
270 
271 #ifndef WANT_FUNCTIONS
272 
273 static __inline int
274 atomic_cmpset_long(volatile u_long *dst, u_long exp, u_long src)
275 {
276 
277 	return (atomic_cmpset_int((volatile u_int *)dst, (u_int)exp,
278 	    (u_int)src));
279 }
280 
281 /* Read the current value and store a zero in the destination. */
282 #ifdef __GNUCLIKE_ASM
283 
284 static __inline u_int
285 atomic_readandclear_int(volatile u_int *addr)
286 {
287 	u_int res;
288 
289 	res = 0;
290 	__asm __volatile(
291 	"	xchgl	%1,%0 ;		"
292 	"# atomic_readandclear_int"
293 	: "+r" (res),			/* 0 */
294 	  "=m" (*addr)			/* 1 */
295 	: "m" (*addr));
296 
297 	return (res);
298 }
299 
300 static __inline u_long
301 atomic_readandclear_long(volatile u_long *addr)
302 {
303 	u_long res;
304 
305 	res = 0;
306 	__asm __volatile(
307 	"	xchgl	%1,%0 ;		"
308 	"# atomic_readandclear_long"
309 	: "+r" (res),			/* 0 */
310 	  "=m" (*addr)			/* 1 */
311 	: "m" (*addr));
312 
313 	return (res);
314 }
315 
316 #else /* !__GNUCLIKE_ASM */
317 
318 u_int	atomic_readandclear_int(volatile u_int *addr);
319 u_long	atomic_readandclear_long(volatile u_long *addr);
320 
321 #endif /* __GNUCLIKE_ASM */
322 
323 /* Acquire and release variants are identical to the normal ones. */
324 #define	atomic_set_acq_char		atomic_set_char
325 #define	atomic_set_rel_char		atomic_set_char
326 #define	atomic_clear_acq_char		atomic_clear_char
327 #define	atomic_clear_rel_char		atomic_clear_char
328 #define	atomic_add_acq_char		atomic_add_char
329 #define	atomic_add_rel_char		atomic_add_char
330 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_char	atomic_subtract_char
331 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_char	atomic_subtract_char
332 
333 #define	atomic_set_acq_short		atomic_set_short
334 #define	atomic_set_rel_short		atomic_set_short
335 #define	atomic_clear_acq_short		atomic_clear_short
336 #define	atomic_clear_rel_short		atomic_clear_short
337 #define	atomic_add_acq_short		atomic_add_short
338 #define	atomic_add_rel_short		atomic_add_short
339 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_short	atomic_subtract_short
340 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_short	atomic_subtract_short
341 
342 #define	atomic_set_acq_int		atomic_set_int
343 #define	atomic_set_rel_int		atomic_set_int
344 #define	atomic_clear_acq_int		atomic_clear_int
345 #define	atomic_clear_rel_int		atomic_clear_int
346 #define	atomic_add_acq_int		atomic_add_int
347 #define	atomic_add_rel_int		atomic_add_int
348 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_int		atomic_subtract_int
349 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_int		atomic_subtract_int
350 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_int		atomic_cmpset_int
351 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_int		atomic_cmpset_int
352 
353 #define	atomic_set_acq_long		atomic_set_long
354 #define	atomic_set_rel_long		atomic_set_long
355 #define	atomic_clear_acq_long		atomic_clear_long
356 #define	atomic_clear_rel_long		atomic_clear_long
357 #define	atomic_add_acq_long		atomic_add_long
358 #define	atomic_add_rel_long		atomic_add_long
359 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_long	atomic_subtract_long
360 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_long	atomic_subtract_long
361 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_long		atomic_cmpset_long
362 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_long		atomic_cmpset_long
363 
364 /* Operations on 8-bit bytes. */
365 #define	atomic_set_8		atomic_set_char
366 #define	atomic_set_acq_8	atomic_set_acq_char
367 #define	atomic_set_rel_8	atomic_set_rel_char
368 #define	atomic_clear_8		atomic_clear_char
369 #define	atomic_clear_acq_8	atomic_clear_acq_char
370 #define	atomic_clear_rel_8	atomic_clear_rel_char
371 #define	atomic_add_8		atomic_add_char
372 #define	atomic_add_acq_8	atomic_add_acq_char
373 #define	atomic_add_rel_8	atomic_add_rel_char
374 #define	atomic_subtract_8	atomic_subtract_char
375 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_8	atomic_subtract_acq_char
376 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_8	atomic_subtract_rel_char
377 #define	atomic_load_acq_8	atomic_load_acq_char
378 #define	atomic_store_rel_8	atomic_store_rel_char
379 
380 /* Operations on 16-bit words. */
381 #define	atomic_set_16		atomic_set_short
382 #define	atomic_set_acq_16	atomic_set_acq_short
383 #define	atomic_set_rel_16	atomic_set_rel_short
384 #define	atomic_clear_16		atomic_clear_short
385 #define	atomic_clear_acq_16	atomic_clear_acq_short
386 #define	atomic_clear_rel_16	atomic_clear_rel_short
387 #define	atomic_add_16		atomic_add_short
388 #define	atomic_add_acq_16	atomic_add_acq_short
389 #define	atomic_add_rel_16	atomic_add_rel_short
390 #define	atomic_subtract_16	atomic_subtract_short
391 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_16	atomic_subtract_acq_short
392 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_16	atomic_subtract_rel_short
393 #define	atomic_load_acq_16	atomic_load_acq_short
394 #define	atomic_store_rel_16	atomic_store_rel_short
395 
396 /* Operations on 32-bit double words. */
397 #define	atomic_set_32		atomic_set_int
398 #define	atomic_set_acq_32	atomic_set_acq_int
399 #define	atomic_set_rel_32	atomic_set_rel_int
400 #define	atomic_clear_32		atomic_clear_int
401 #define	atomic_clear_acq_32	atomic_clear_acq_int
402 #define	atomic_clear_rel_32	atomic_clear_rel_int
403 #define	atomic_add_32		atomic_add_int
404 #define	atomic_add_acq_32	atomic_add_acq_int
405 #define	atomic_add_rel_32	atomic_add_rel_int
406 #define	atomic_subtract_32	atomic_subtract_int
407 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_32	atomic_subtract_acq_int
408 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_32	atomic_subtract_rel_int
409 #define	atomic_load_acq_32	atomic_load_acq_int
410 #define	atomic_store_rel_32	atomic_store_rel_int
411 #define	atomic_cmpset_32	atomic_cmpset_int
412 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_32	atomic_cmpset_acq_int
413 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_32	atomic_cmpset_rel_int
414 #define	atomic_readandclear_32	atomic_readandclear_int
415 #define	atomic_fetchadd_32	atomic_fetchadd_int
416 
417 /* Operations on pointers. */
418 #define	atomic_set_ptr(p, v) \
419 	atomic_set_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
420 #define	atomic_set_acq_ptr(p, v) \
421 	atomic_set_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
422 #define	atomic_set_rel_ptr(p, v) \
423 	atomic_set_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
424 #define	atomic_clear_ptr(p, v) \
425 	atomic_clear_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
426 #define	atomic_clear_acq_ptr(p, v) \
427 	atomic_clear_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
428 #define	atomic_clear_rel_ptr(p, v) \
429 	atomic_clear_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
430 #define	atomic_add_ptr(p, v) \
431 	atomic_add_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
432 #define	atomic_add_acq_ptr(p, v) \
433 	atomic_add_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
434 #define	atomic_add_rel_ptr(p, v) \
435 	atomic_add_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
436 #define	atomic_subtract_ptr(p, v) \
437 	atomic_subtract_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
438 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_ptr(p, v) \
439 	atomic_subtract_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
440 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_ptr(p, v) \
441 	atomic_subtract_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
442 #define	atomic_load_acq_ptr(p) \
443 	atomic_load_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p))
444 #define	atomic_store_rel_ptr(p, v) \
445 	atomic_store_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (v))
446 #define	atomic_cmpset_ptr(dst, old, new) \
447 	atomic_cmpset_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), (u_int)(new))
448 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(dst, old, new) \
449 	atomic_cmpset_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), \
450 	    (u_int)(new))
451 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(dst, old, new) \
452 	atomic_cmpset_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), \
453 	    (u_int)(new))
454 #define	atomic_readandclear_ptr(p) \
455 	atomic_readandclear_int((volatile u_int *)(p))
456 
457 #endif /* !WANT_FUNCTIONS */
458 
459 #endif /* !_MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_ */
460