xref: /freebsd/sys/i386/include/atomic.h (revision 10b9d77bf1ccf2f3affafa6261692cb92cf7e992)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Doug Rabson
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  *
26  * $FreeBSD$
27  */
28 #ifndef _MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
29 #define	_MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_
30 
31 #ifndef _SYS_CDEFS_H_
32 #error this file needs sys/cdefs.h as a prerequisite
33 #endif
34 
35 #define	mb()	__asm __volatile("lock; addl $0,(%%esp)" : : : "memory")
36 #define	wmb()	__asm __volatile("lock; addl $0,(%%esp)" : : : "memory")
37 #define	rmb()	__asm __volatile("lock; addl $0,(%%esp)" : : : "memory")
38 
39 /*
40  * Various simple operations on memory, each of which is atomic in the
41  * presence of interrupts and multiple processors.
42  *
43  * atomic_set_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) |= (V))
44  * atomic_clear_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) &= ~(V))
45  * atomic_add_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) += (V))
46  * atomic_subtract_char(P, V)	(*(u_char *)(P) -= (V))
47  *
48  * atomic_set_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) |= (V))
49  * atomic_clear_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) &= ~(V))
50  * atomic_add_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) += (V))
51  * atomic_subtract_short(P, V)	(*(u_short *)(P) -= (V))
52  *
53  * atomic_set_int(P, V)		(*(u_int *)(P) |= (V))
54  * atomic_clear_int(P, V)	(*(u_int *)(P) &= ~(V))
55  * atomic_add_int(P, V)		(*(u_int *)(P) += (V))
56  * atomic_subtract_int(P, V)	(*(u_int *)(P) -= (V))
57  * atomic_readandclear_int(P)	(return (*(u_int *)(P)); *(u_int *)(P) = 0;)
58  *
59  * atomic_set_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) |= (V))
60  * atomic_clear_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) &= ~(V))
61  * atomic_add_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) += (V))
62  * atomic_subtract_long(P, V)	(*(u_long *)(P) -= (V))
63  * atomic_readandclear_long(P)	(return (*(u_long *)(P)); *(u_long *)(P) = 0;)
64  */
65 
66 /*
67  * The above functions are expanded inline in the statically-linked
68  * kernel.  Lock prefixes are generated if an SMP kernel is being
69  * built.
70  *
71  * Kernel modules call real functions which are built into the kernel.
72  * This allows kernel modules to be portable between UP and SMP systems.
73  */
74 #if defined(KLD_MODULE) || !defined(__GNUCLIKE_ASM)
75 #define	ATOMIC_ASM(NAME, TYPE, OP, CONS, V)			\
76 void atomic_##NAME##_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v);	\
77 void atomic_##NAME##_barr_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)
78 
79 int	atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int expect, u_int src);
80 u_int	atomic_fetchadd_int(volatile u_int *p, u_int v);
81 
82 #define	ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)			\
83 u_##TYPE	atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p);	\
84 void		atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)
85 
86 #else /* !KLD_MODULE && __GNUCLIKE_ASM */
87 
88 /*
89  * For userland, always use lock prefixes so that the binaries will run
90  * on both SMP and !SMP systems.
91  */
92 #if defined(SMP) || !defined(_KERNEL)
93 #define	MPLOCKED	"lock ; "
94 #else
95 #define	MPLOCKED
96 #endif
97 
98 /*
99  * The assembly is volatilized to avoid code chunk removal by the compiler.
100  * GCC aggressively reorders operations and memory clobbering is necessary
101  * in order to avoid that for memory barriers.
102  */
103 #define	ATOMIC_ASM(NAME, TYPE, OP, CONS, V)		\
104 static __inline void					\
105 atomic_##NAME##_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
106 {							\
107 	__asm __volatile(MPLOCKED OP			\
108 	: "=m" (*p)					\
109 	: CONS (V), "m" (*p)				\
110 	: "cc");					\
111 }							\
112 							\
113 static __inline void					\
114 atomic_##NAME##_barr_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
115 {							\
116 	__asm __volatile(MPLOCKED OP			\
117 	: "=m" (*p)					\
118 	: CONS (V), "m" (*p)				\
119 	: "memory", "cc");				\
120 }							\
121 struct __hack
122 
123 /*
124  * Atomic compare and set, used by the mutex functions
125  *
126  * if (*dst == expect) *dst = src (all 32 bit words)
127  *
128  * Returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success
129  */
130 
131 #ifdef CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG
132 
133 static __inline int
134 atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int expect, u_int src)
135 {
136 	u_char res;
137 
138 	__asm __volatile(
139 	"	pushfl ;		"
140 	"	cli ;			"
141 	"	cmpl	%3,%4 ;		"
142 	"	jne	1f ;		"
143 	"	movl	%2,%1 ;		"
144 	"1:				"
145 	"       sete	%0 ;		"
146 	"	popfl ;			"
147 	"# atomic_cmpset_int"
148 	: "=q" (res),			/* 0 */
149 	  "=m" (*dst)			/* 1 */
150 	: "r" (src),			/* 2 */
151 	  "r" (expect),			/* 3 */
152 	  "m" (*dst)			/* 4 */
153 	: "memory");
154 
155 	return (res);
156 }
157 
158 #else /* !CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG */
159 
160 static __inline int
161 atomic_cmpset_int(volatile u_int *dst, u_int expect, u_int src)
162 {
163 	u_char res;
164 
165 	__asm __volatile(
166 	"	" MPLOCKED "		"
167 	"	cmpxchgl %2,%1 ;	"
168 	"       sete	%0 ;		"
169 	"1:				"
170 	"# atomic_cmpset_int"
171 	: "=a" (res),			/* 0 */
172 	  "=m" (*dst)			/* 1 */
173 	: "r" (src),			/* 2 */
174 	  "a" (expect),			/* 3 */
175 	  "m" (*dst)			/* 4 */
176 	: "memory", "cc");
177 
178 	return (res);
179 }
180 
181 #endif /* CPU_DISABLE_CMPXCHG */
182 
183 /*
184  * Atomically add the value of v to the integer pointed to by p and return
185  * the previous value of *p.
186  */
187 static __inline u_int
188 atomic_fetchadd_int(volatile u_int *p, u_int v)
189 {
190 
191 	__asm __volatile(
192 	"	" MPLOCKED "		"
193 	"	xaddl	%0, %1 ;	"
194 	"# atomic_fetchadd_int"
195 	: "+r" (v),			/* 0 (result) */
196 	  "=m" (*p)			/* 1 */
197 	: "m" (*p)			/* 2 */
198 	: "cc");
199 	return (v);
200 }
201 
202 #if defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(SMP)
203 
204 /*
205  * We assume that a = b will do atomic loads and stores.  However, on a
206  * PentiumPro or higher, reads may pass writes, so for that case we have
207  * to use a serializing instruction (i.e. with LOCK) to do the load in
208  * SMP kernels.  For UP kernels, however, the cache of the single processor
209  * is always consistent, so we only need to take care of compiler.
210  */
211 #define	ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)		\
212 static __inline u_##TYPE				\
213 atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p)		\
214 {							\
215 	u_##TYPE tmp;					\
216 							\
217 	tmp = *p;					\
218 	__asm __volatile("" : : : "memory");		\
219 	return (tmp);					\
220 }							\
221 							\
222 static __inline void					\
223 atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
224 {							\
225 	__asm __volatile("" : : : "memory");		\
226 	*p = v;						\
227 }							\
228 struct __hack
229 
230 #else /* !(_KERNEL && !SMP) */
231 
232 #define	ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(TYPE, LOP, SOP)		\
233 static __inline u_##TYPE				\
234 atomic_load_acq_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p)		\
235 {							\
236 	u_##TYPE res;					\
237 							\
238 	__asm __volatile(MPLOCKED LOP			\
239 	: "=a" (res),			/* 0 */		\
240 	  "=m" (*p)			/* 1 */		\
241 	: "m" (*p)			/* 2 */		\
242 	: "memory", "cc");				\
243 							\
244 	return (res);					\
245 }							\
246 							\
247 /*							\
248  * The XCHG instruction asserts LOCK automagically.	\
249  */							\
250 static __inline void					\
251 atomic_store_rel_##TYPE(volatile u_##TYPE *p, u_##TYPE v)\
252 {							\
253 	__asm __volatile(SOP				\
254 	: "=m" (*p),			/* 0 */		\
255 	  "+r" (v)			/* 1 */		\
256 	: "m" (*p)			/* 2 */		\
257 	: "memory");					\
258 }							\
259 struct __hack
260 
261 #endif /* _KERNEL && !SMP */
262 
263 #endif /* KLD_MODULE || !__GNUCLIKE_ASM */
264 
265 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     char,  "orb %b1,%0",  "iq",  v);
266 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    char,  "andb %b1,%0", "iq", ~v);
267 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     char,  "addb %b1,%0", "iq",  v);
268 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, char,  "subb %b1,%0", "iq",  v);
269 
270 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     short, "orw %w1,%0",  "ir",  v);
271 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    short, "andw %w1,%0", "ir", ~v);
272 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     short, "addw %w1,%0", "ir",  v);
273 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, short, "subw %w1,%0", "ir",  v);
274 
275 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     int,   "orl %1,%0",   "ir",  v);
276 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    int,   "andl %1,%0",  "ir", ~v);
277 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     int,   "addl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
278 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, int,   "subl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
279 
280 ATOMIC_ASM(set,	     long,  "orl %1,%0",   "ir",  v);
281 ATOMIC_ASM(clear,    long,  "andl %1,%0",  "ir", ~v);
282 ATOMIC_ASM(add,	     long,  "addl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
283 ATOMIC_ASM(subtract, long,  "subl %1,%0",  "ir",  v);
284 
285 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(char,	"cmpxchgb %b0,%1", "xchgb %b1,%0");
286 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(short,"cmpxchgw %w0,%1", "xchgw %w1,%0");
287 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(int,	"cmpxchgl %0,%1",  "xchgl %1,%0");
288 ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD(long,	"cmpxchgl %0,%1",  "xchgl %1,%0");
289 
290 #undef ATOMIC_ASM
291 #undef ATOMIC_STORE_LOAD
292 
293 #ifndef WANT_FUNCTIONS
294 
295 static __inline int
296 atomic_cmpset_long(volatile u_long *dst, u_long expect, u_long src)
297 {
298 
299 	return (atomic_cmpset_int((volatile u_int *)dst, (u_int)expect,
300 	    (u_int)src));
301 }
302 
303 static __inline u_long
304 atomic_fetchadd_long(volatile u_long *p, u_long v)
305 {
306 
307 	return (atomic_fetchadd_int((volatile u_int *)p, (u_int)v));
308 }
309 
310 /* Read the current value and store a zero in the destination. */
311 #ifdef __GNUCLIKE_ASM
312 
313 static __inline u_int
314 atomic_readandclear_int(volatile u_int *addr)
315 {
316 	u_int res;
317 
318 	res = 0;
319 	__asm __volatile(
320 	"	xchgl	%1,%0 ;		"
321 	"# atomic_readandclear_int"
322 	: "+r" (res),			/* 0 */
323 	  "=m" (*addr)			/* 1 */
324 	: "m" (*addr));
325 
326 	return (res);
327 }
328 
329 static __inline u_long
330 atomic_readandclear_long(volatile u_long *addr)
331 {
332 	u_long res;
333 
334 	res = 0;
335 	__asm __volatile(
336 	"	xchgl	%1,%0 ;		"
337 	"# atomic_readandclear_long"
338 	: "+r" (res),			/* 0 */
339 	  "=m" (*addr)			/* 1 */
340 	: "m" (*addr));
341 
342 	return (res);
343 }
344 
345 #else /* !__GNUCLIKE_ASM */
346 
347 u_int	atomic_readandclear_int(volatile u_int *addr);
348 u_long	atomic_readandclear_long(volatile u_long *addr);
349 
350 #endif /* __GNUCLIKE_ASM */
351 
352 #define	atomic_set_acq_char		atomic_set_barr_char
353 #define	atomic_set_rel_char		atomic_set_barr_char
354 #define	atomic_clear_acq_char		atomic_clear_barr_char
355 #define	atomic_clear_rel_char		atomic_clear_barr_char
356 #define	atomic_add_acq_char		atomic_add_barr_char
357 #define	atomic_add_rel_char		atomic_add_barr_char
358 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_char	atomic_subtract_barr_char
359 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_char	atomic_subtract_barr_char
360 
361 #define	atomic_set_acq_short		atomic_set_barr_short
362 #define	atomic_set_rel_short		atomic_set_barr_short
363 #define	atomic_clear_acq_short		atomic_clear_barr_short
364 #define	atomic_clear_rel_short		atomic_clear_barr_short
365 #define	atomic_add_acq_short		atomic_add_barr_short
366 #define	atomic_add_rel_short		atomic_add_barr_short
367 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_short	atomic_subtract_barr_short
368 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_short	atomic_subtract_barr_short
369 
370 #define	atomic_set_acq_int		atomic_set_barr_int
371 #define	atomic_set_rel_int		atomic_set_barr_int
372 #define	atomic_clear_acq_int		atomic_clear_barr_int
373 #define	atomic_clear_rel_int		atomic_clear_barr_int
374 #define	atomic_add_acq_int		atomic_add_barr_int
375 #define	atomic_add_rel_int		atomic_add_barr_int
376 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_int		atomic_subtract_barr_int
377 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_int		atomic_subtract_barr_int
378 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_int		atomic_cmpset_int
379 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_int		atomic_cmpset_int
380 
381 #define	atomic_set_acq_long		atomic_set_barr_long
382 #define	atomic_set_rel_long		atomic_set_barr_long
383 #define	atomic_clear_acq_long		atomic_clear_barr_long
384 #define	atomic_clear_rel_long		atomic_clear_barr_long
385 #define	atomic_add_acq_long		atomic_add_barr_long
386 #define	atomic_add_rel_long		atomic_add_barr_long
387 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_long	atomic_subtract_barr_long
388 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_long	atomic_subtract_barr_long
389 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_long		atomic_cmpset_long
390 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_long		atomic_cmpset_long
391 
392 /* Operations on 8-bit bytes. */
393 #define	atomic_set_8		atomic_set_char
394 #define	atomic_set_acq_8	atomic_set_acq_char
395 #define	atomic_set_rel_8	atomic_set_rel_char
396 #define	atomic_clear_8		atomic_clear_char
397 #define	atomic_clear_acq_8	atomic_clear_acq_char
398 #define	atomic_clear_rel_8	atomic_clear_rel_char
399 #define	atomic_add_8		atomic_add_char
400 #define	atomic_add_acq_8	atomic_add_acq_char
401 #define	atomic_add_rel_8	atomic_add_rel_char
402 #define	atomic_subtract_8	atomic_subtract_char
403 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_8	atomic_subtract_acq_char
404 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_8	atomic_subtract_rel_char
405 #define	atomic_load_acq_8	atomic_load_acq_char
406 #define	atomic_store_rel_8	atomic_store_rel_char
407 
408 /* Operations on 16-bit words. */
409 #define	atomic_set_16		atomic_set_short
410 #define	atomic_set_acq_16	atomic_set_acq_short
411 #define	atomic_set_rel_16	atomic_set_rel_short
412 #define	atomic_clear_16		atomic_clear_short
413 #define	atomic_clear_acq_16	atomic_clear_acq_short
414 #define	atomic_clear_rel_16	atomic_clear_rel_short
415 #define	atomic_add_16		atomic_add_short
416 #define	atomic_add_acq_16	atomic_add_acq_short
417 #define	atomic_add_rel_16	atomic_add_rel_short
418 #define	atomic_subtract_16	atomic_subtract_short
419 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_16	atomic_subtract_acq_short
420 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_16	atomic_subtract_rel_short
421 #define	atomic_load_acq_16	atomic_load_acq_short
422 #define	atomic_store_rel_16	atomic_store_rel_short
423 
424 /* Operations on 32-bit double words. */
425 #define	atomic_set_32		atomic_set_int
426 #define	atomic_set_acq_32	atomic_set_acq_int
427 #define	atomic_set_rel_32	atomic_set_rel_int
428 #define	atomic_clear_32		atomic_clear_int
429 #define	atomic_clear_acq_32	atomic_clear_acq_int
430 #define	atomic_clear_rel_32	atomic_clear_rel_int
431 #define	atomic_add_32		atomic_add_int
432 #define	atomic_add_acq_32	atomic_add_acq_int
433 #define	atomic_add_rel_32	atomic_add_rel_int
434 #define	atomic_subtract_32	atomic_subtract_int
435 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_32	atomic_subtract_acq_int
436 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_32	atomic_subtract_rel_int
437 #define	atomic_load_acq_32	atomic_load_acq_int
438 #define	atomic_store_rel_32	atomic_store_rel_int
439 #define	atomic_cmpset_32	atomic_cmpset_int
440 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_32	atomic_cmpset_acq_int
441 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_32	atomic_cmpset_rel_int
442 #define	atomic_readandclear_32	atomic_readandclear_int
443 #define	atomic_fetchadd_32	atomic_fetchadd_int
444 
445 /* Operations on pointers. */
446 #define	atomic_set_ptr(p, v) \
447 	atomic_set_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
448 #define	atomic_set_acq_ptr(p, v) \
449 	atomic_set_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
450 #define	atomic_set_rel_ptr(p, v) \
451 	atomic_set_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
452 #define	atomic_clear_ptr(p, v) \
453 	atomic_clear_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
454 #define	atomic_clear_acq_ptr(p, v) \
455 	atomic_clear_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
456 #define	atomic_clear_rel_ptr(p, v) \
457 	atomic_clear_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
458 #define	atomic_add_ptr(p, v) \
459 	atomic_add_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
460 #define	atomic_add_acq_ptr(p, v) \
461 	atomic_add_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
462 #define	atomic_add_rel_ptr(p, v) \
463 	atomic_add_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
464 #define	atomic_subtract_ptr(p, v) \
465 	atomic_subtract_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
466 #define	atomic_subtract_acq_ptr(p, v) \
467 	atomic_subtract_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
468 #define	atomic_subtract_rel_ptr(p, v) \
469 	atomic_subtract_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (u_int)(v))
470 #define	atomic_load_acq_ptr(p) \
471 	atomic_load_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(p))
472 #define	atomic_store_rel_ptr(p, v) \
473 	atomic_store_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(p), (v))
474 #define	atomic_cmpset_ptr(dst, old, new) \
475 	atomic_cmpset_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), (u_int)(new))
476 #define	atomic_cmpset_acq_ptr(dst, old, new) \
477 	atomic_cmpset_acq_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), \
478 	    (u_int)(new))
479 #define	atomic_cmpset_rel_ptr(dst, old, new) \
480 	atomic_cmpset_rel_int((volatile u_int *)(dst), (u_int)(old), \
481 	    (u_int)(new))
482 #define	atomic_readandclear_ptr(p) \
483 	atomic_readandclear_int((volatile u_int *)(p))
484 
485 #endif /* !WANT_FUNCTIONS */
486 
487 #endif /* !_MACHINE_ATOMIC_H_ */
488