xref: /freebsd/sys/i386/i386/vm_machdep.c (revision b1028ad12279c7dccd64315b123f9e9813b4d8f2)

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 William Jolitz
 * Copyright (c) 1994 John Dyson
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
 * Science Department, and William Jolitz.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	from: @(#)vm_machdep.c	7.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/91
 *	Utah $Hdr: vm_machdep.c 1.16.1.1 89/06/23$
 *	$Id: vm_machdep.c,v 1.119 1999/02/16 10:49:48 dfr Exp $
 */

#include "npx.h"
#include "opt_user_ldt.h"
#include "opt_vm86.h"
#ifdef PC98
#include "opt_pc98.h"
#endif

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <machine/clock.h>
#include <machine/cpu.h>
#include <machine/md_var.h>
#ifdef SMP
#include <machine/smp.h>
#endif
#ifdef VM86
#include <machine/pcb_ext.h>
#include <machine/vm86.h>
#endif

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <vm/vm_prot.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>

#include <sys/user.h>

#ifdef PC98
#include <pc98/pc98/pc98.h>
#else
#include <i386/isa/isa.h>
#endif

static void	cpu_reset_real __P((void));
#ifdef SMP
static void	cpu_reset_proxy __P((void));
static u_int	cpu_reset_proxyid;
static volatile u_int	cpu_reset_proxy_active;
#endif

/*
 * quick version of vm_fault
 */
void
vm_fault_quick(v, prot)
	caddr_t v;
	int prot;
{
	if (prot & VM_PROT_WRITE)
		subyte(v, fubyte(v));
	else
		fubyte(v);
}

/*
 * Finish a fork operation, with process p2 nearly set up.
 * Copy and update the pcb, set up the stack so that the child
 * ready to run and return to user mode.
 */
void
cpu_fork(p1, p2)
	register struct proc *p1, *p2;
{
	struct pcb *pcb2 = &p2->p_addr->u_pcb;

#if NNPX > 0
	/* Ensure that p1's pcb is up to date. */
	if (npxproc == p1)
		npxsave(&p1->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_savefpu);
#endif

	/* Copy p1's pcb. */
	p2->p_addr->u_pcb = p1->p_addr->u_pcb;

	/*
	 * Create a new fresh stack for the new process.
	 * Copy the trap frame for the return to user mode as if from a
	 * syscall.  This copies the user mode register values.
	 */
	p2->p_md.md_regs = (struct trapframe *)
#ifdef VM86
			   ((int)p2->p_addr + UPAGES * PAGE_SIZE - 16) - 1;
#else
			   ((int)p2->p_addr + UPAGES * PAGE_SIZE) - 1;
#endif /* VM86 */
	*p2->p_md.md_regs = *p1->p_md.md_regs;

	/*
	 * Set registers for trampoline to user mode.  Leave space for the
	 * return address on stack.  These are the kernel mode register values.
	 */
	pcb2->pcb_cr3 = vtophys(vmspace_pmap(p2->p_vmspace)->pm_pdir);
	pcb2->pcb_edi = p2->p_md.md_regs->tf_edi;
	pcb2->pcb_esi = (int)fork_return;
	pcb2->pcb_ebp = p2->p_md.md_regs->tf_ebp;
	pcb2->pcb_esp = (int)p2->p_md.md_regs - sizeof(void *);
	pcb2->pcb_ebx = (int)p2;
	pcb2->pcb_eip = (int)fork_trampoline;
	/*
	 * pcb2->pcb_ldt:	duplicated below, if necessary.
	 * pcb2->pcb_ldt_len:	cloned above.
	 * pcb2->pcb_savefpu:	cloned above.
	 * pcb2->pcb_flags:	cloned above (always 0 here?).
	 * pcb2->pcb_onfault:	cloned above (always NULL here?).
	 */

#ifdef SMP
	pcb2->pcb_mpnest = 1;
#endif
#ifdef VM86
	/*
	 * XXX don't copy the i/o pages.  this should probably be fixed.
	 */
	pcb2->pcb_ext = 0;
#endif

#ifdef USER_LDT
        /* Copy the LDT, if necessary. */
        if (pcb2->pcb_ldt != 0) {
                union descriptor *new_ldt;
                size_t len = pcb2->pcb_ldt_len * sizeof(union descriptor);

                new_ldt = (union descriptor *)kmem_alloc(kernel_map, len);
                bcopy(pcb2->pcb_ldt, new_ldt, len);
                pcb2->pcb_ldt = (caddr_t)new_ldt;
        }
#endif

	/*
	 * Now, cpu_switch() can schedule the new process.
	 * pcb_esp is loaded pointing to the cpu_switch() stack frame
	 * containing the return address when exiting cpu_switch.
	 * This will normally be to proc_trampoline(), which will have
	 * %ebx loaded with the new proc's pointer.  proc_trampoline()
	 * will set up a stack to call fork_return(p, frame); to complete
	 * the return to user-mode.
	 */
}

/*
 * Intercept the return address from a freshly forked process that has NOT
 * been scheduled yet.
 *
 * This is needed to make kernel threads stay in kernel mode.
 */
void
cpu_set_fork_handler(p, func, arg)
	struct proc *p;
	void (*func) __P((const void *));
	const void *arg;
{
	/*
	 * Note that the trap frame follows the args, so the function
	 * is really called like this:  func(arg, frame);
	 */
	p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_esi = (int) func;	/* function */
	p->p_addr->u_pcb.pcb_ebx = (int) arg;	/* first arg */
}

void
cpu_exit(p)
	register struct proc *p;
{
#if defined(USER_LDT) || defined(VM86)
	struct pcb *pcb = &p->p_addr->u_pcb;
#endif

#if NNPX > 0
	npxexit(p);
#endif	/* NNPX */
#ifdef VM86
	if (pcb->pcb_ext != 0) {
	        /*
		 * XXX do we need to move the TSS off the allocated pages
		 * before freeing them?  (not done here)
		 */
		kmem_free(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_ext,
		    ctob(IOPAGES + 1));
		pcb->pcb_ext = 0;
	}
#endif
#ifdef USER_LDT
	if (pcb->pcb_ldt != 0) {
		if (pcb == curpcb) {
			lldt(_default_ldt);
			currentldt = _default_ldt;
		}
		kmem_free(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_ldt,
			pcb->pcb_ldt_len * sizeof(union descriptor));
		pcb->pcb_ldt_len = (int)pcb->pcb_ldt = 0;
	}
#endif
	cnt.v_swtch++;
	cpu_switch(p);
	panic("cpu_exit");
}

void
cpu_wait(p)
	struct proc *p;
{
	/* drop per-process resources */
	pmap_dispose_proc(p);

	/* and clean-out the vmspace */
	vmspace_free(p->p_vmspace);
}

/*
 * Dump the machine specific header information at the start of a core dump.
 */
int
cpu_coredump(p, vp, cred)
	struct proc *p;
	struct vnode *vp;
	struct ucred *cred;
{
	int error;
	caddr_t tempuser;

	tempuser = malloc(ctob(UPAGES), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
	if (!tempuser)
		return EINVAL;

	bzero(tempuser, ctob(UPAGES));
	bcopy(p->p_addr, tempuser, sizeof(struct user));
	bcopy(p->p_md.md_regs,
	      tempuser + ((caddr_t) p->p_md.md_regs - (caddr_t) p->p_addr),
	      sizeof(struct trapframe));

	error = vn_rdwr(UIO_WRITE, vp, (caddr_t) tempuser,
			ctob(UPAGES),
			(off_t)0, UIO_SYSSPACE, IO_NODELOCKED|IO_UNIT,
			cred, (int *)NULL, p);

	free(tempuser, M_TEMP);

	return error;
}

#ifdef notyet
static void
setredzone(pte, vaddr)
	u_short *pte;
	caddr_t vaddr;
{
/* eventually do this by setting up an expand-down stack segment
   for ss0: selector, allowing stack access down to top of u.
   this means though that protection violations need to be handled
   thru a double fault exception that must do an integral task
   switch to a known good context, within which a dump can be
   taken. a sensible scheme might be to save the initial context
   used by sched (that has physical memory mapped 1:1 at bottom)
   and take the dump while still in mapped mode */
}
#endif

/*
 * Convert kernel VA to physical address
 */
u_long
kvtop(void *addr)
{
	vm_offset_t va;

	va = pmap_kextract((vm_offset_t)addr);
	if (va == 0)
		panic("kvtop: zero page frame");
	return((int)va);
}

/*
 * Map an IO request into kernel virtual address space.
 *
 * All requests are (re)mapped into kernel VA space.
 * Notice that we use b_bufsize for the size of the buffer
 * to be mapped.  b_bcount might be modified by the driver.
 */
void
vmapbuf(bp)
	register struct buf *bp;
{
	register caddr_t addr, v, kva;
	vm_offset_t pa;

	if ((bp->b_flags & B_PHYS) == 0)
		panic("vmapbuf");

	for (v = bp->b_saveaddr, addr = (caddr_t)trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data);
	    addr < bp->b_data + bp->b_bufsize;
	    addr += PAGE_SIZE, v += PAGE_SIZE) {
		/*
		 * Do the vm_fault if needed; do the copy-on-write thing
		 * when reading stuff off device into memory.
		 */
		vm_fault_quick(addr,
			(bp->b_flags&B_READ)?(VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE):VM_PROT_READ);
		pa = trunc_page(pmap_kextract((vm_offset_t) addr));
		if (pa == 0)
			panic("vmapbuf: page not present");
		vm_page_hold(PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa));
		pmap_kenter((vm_offset_t) v, pa);
	}

	kva = bp->b_saveaddr;
	bp->b_saveaddr = bp->b_data;
	bp->b_data = kva + (((vm_offset_t) bp->b_data) & PAGE_MASK);
}

/*
 * Free the io map PTEs associated with this IO operation.
 * We also invalidate the TLB entries and restore the original b_addr.
 */
void
vunmapbuf(bp)
	register struct buf *bp;
{
	register caddr_t addr;
	vm_offset_t pa;

	if ((bp->b_flags & B_PHYS) == 0)
		panic("vunmapbuf");

	for (addr = (caddr_t)trunc_page((vm_offset_t)bp->b_data);
	    addr < bp->b_data + bp->b_bufsize;
	    addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
		pa = trunc_page(pmap_kextract((vm_offset_t) addr));
		pmap_kremove((vm_offset_t) addr);
		vm_page_unhold(PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa));
	}

	bp->b_data = bp->b_saveaddr;
}

/*
 * Force reset the processor by invalidating the entire address space!
 */

#ifdef SMP
static void
cpu_reset_proxy()
{
	u_int saved_mp_lock;

	cpu_reset_proxy_active = 1;
	while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 1)
		;	 /* Wait for other cpu to disable interupts */
	saved_mp_lock = mp_lock;
	mp_lock = 1;
	printf("cpu_reset_proxy: Grabbed mp lock for BSP\n");
	cpu_reset_proxy_active = 3;
	while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 3)
		;	/* Wait for other cpu to enable interrupts */
	stop_cpus((1<<cpu_reset_proxyid));
	printf("cpu_reset_proxy: Stopped CPU %d\n", cpu_reset_proxyid);
	DELAY(1000000);
	cpu_reset_real();
}
#endif

void
cpu_reset()
{
#ifdef SMP
	if (smp_active == 0) {
		cpu_reset_real();
		/* NOTREACHED */
	} else {

		u_int map;
		int cnt;
		printf("cpu_reset called on cpu#%d\n",cpuid);

		map = other_cpus & ~ stopped_cpus;

		if (map != 0) {
			printf("cpu_reset: Stopping other CPUs\n");
			stop_cpus(map);		/* Stop all other CPUs */
		}

		if (cpuid == 0) {
			DELAY(1000000);
			cpu_reset_real();
			/* NOTREACHED */
		} else {
			/* We are not BSP (CPU #0) */

			cpu_reset_proxyid = cpuid;
			cpustop_restartfunc = cpu_reset_proxy;
			printf("cpu_reset: Restarting BSP\n");
			started_cpus = (1<<0);		/* Restart CPU #0 */

			cnt = 0;
			while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 0 && cnt < 10000000)
				cnt++;	/* Wait for BSP to announce restart */
			if (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 0)
				printf("cpu_reset: Failed to restart BSP\n");
			__asm __volatile("cli" : : : "memory");
			cpu_reset_proxy_active = 2;
			cnt = 0;
			while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 2 && cnt < 10000000)
				cnt++;	/* Do nothing */
			if (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 2) {
				printf("cpu_reset: BSP did not grab mp lock\n");
				cpu_reset_real();	/* XXX: Bogus ? */
			}
			cpu_reset_proxy_active = 4;
			__asm __volatile("sti" : : : "memory");
			while (1);
			/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	}
#else
	cpu_reset_real();
#endif
}

static void
cpu_reset_real()
{

#ifdef PC98
	/*
	 * Attempt to do a CPU reset via CPU reset port.
	 */
	disable_intr();
	if ((inb(0x35) & 0xa0) != 0xa0) {
		outb(0x37, 0x0f);		/* SHUT0 = 0. */
		outb(0x37, 0x0b);		/* SHUT1 = 0. */
	}
	outb(0xf0, 0x00);		/* Reset. */
#else
	/*
	 * Attempt to do a CPU reset via the keyboard controller,
	 * do not turn of the GateA20, as any machine that fails
	 * to do the reset here would then end up in no man's land.
	 */

#if !defined(BROKEN_KEYBOARD_RESET)
	outb(IO_KBD + 4, 0xFE);
	DELAY(500000);	/* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
	printf("Keyboard reset did not work, attempting CPU shutdown\n");
	DELAY(1000000);	/* wait 1 sec for printf to complete */
#endif
#endif /* PC98 */
	/* force a shutdown by unmapping entire address space ! */
	bzero((caddr_t) PTD, PAGE_SIZE);

	/* "good night, sweet prince .... <THUNK!>" */
	invltlb();
	/* NOTREACHED */
	while(1);
}

#ifndef VM_STACK
/*
 * Grow the user stack to allow for 'sp'. This version grows the stack in
 *	chunks of SGROWSIZ.
 */
int
grow(p, sp)
	struct proc *p;
	u_int sp;
{
	unsigned int nss;
	caddr_t v;
	struct vmspace *vm = p->p_vmspace;

	if ((caddr_t)sp <= vm->vm_maxsaddr || sp >= USRSTACK)
		return (1);

	nss = roundup(USRSTACK - sp, PAGE_SIZE);

	if (nss > p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK].rlim_cur)
		return (0);

	if (vm->vm_ssize && roundup(vm->vm_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT,
	    SGROWSIZ) < nss) {
		int grow_amount;
		/*
		 * If necessary, grow the VM that the stack occupies
		 * to allow for the rlimit. This allows us to not have
		 * to allocate all of the VM up-front in execve (which
		 * is expensive).
		 * Grow the VM by the amount requested rounded up to
		 * the nearest SGROWSIZ to provide for some hysteresis.
		 */
		grow_amount = roundup((nss - (vm->vm_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT)), SGROWSIZ);
		v = (char *)USRSTACK - roundup(vm->vm_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT,
		    SGROWSIZ) - grow_amount;
		/*
		 * If there isn't enough room to extend by SGROWSIZ, then
		 * just extend to the maximum size
		 */
		if (v < vm->vm_maxsaddr) {
			v = vm->vm_maxsaddr;
			grow_amount = MAXSSIZ - (vm->vm_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT);
		}
		if ((grow_amount == 0) || (vm_map_find(&vm->vm_map, NULL, 0, (vm_offset_t *)&v,
		    grow_amount, FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0) != KERN_SUCCESS)) {
			return (0);
		}
		vm->vm_ssize += grow_amount >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	}

	return (1);
}
#else
int
grow_stack(p, sp)
	struct proc *p;
	u_int sp;
{
	int rv;

	rv = vm_map_growstack (p, sp);
	if (rv != KERN_SUCCESS)
		return (0);

	return (1);
}
#endif

SYSCTL_DECL(_vm_stats_misc);

static int cnt_prezero;

SYSCTL_INT(_vm_stats_misc, OID_AUTO,
	cnt_prezero, CTLFLAG_RD, &cnt_prezero, 0, "");

/*
 * Implement the pre-zeroed page mechanism.
 * This routine is called from the idle loop.
 */

#define ZIDLE_LO(v)	((v) * 2 / 3)
#define ZIDLE_HI(v)	((v) * 4 / 5)

int
vm_page_zero_idle()
{
	static int free_rover;
	static int zero_state;
	vm_page_t m;
	int s;

	/*
	 * Attempt to maintain approximately 1/2 of our free pages in a
	 * PG_ZERO'd state.   Add some hysteresis to (attempt to) avoid
	 * generally zeroing a page when the system is near steady-state.
	 * Otherwise we might get 'flutter' during disk I/O / IPC or
	 * fast sleeps.  We also do not want to be continuously zeroing
	 * pages because doing so may flush our L1 and L2 caches too much.
	 */

	if (zero_state && vm_page_zero_count >= ZIDLE_LO(cnt.v_free_count))
		return(0);
	if (vm_page_zero_count >= ZIDLE_HI(cnt.v_free_count))
		return(0);

#ifdef SMP
	if (try_mplock()) {
#endif
		s = splvm();
		__asm __volatile("sti" : : : "memory");
		zero_state = 0;
		m = vm_page_list_find(PQ_FREE, free_rover, FALSE);
		if (m != NULL && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0) {
			--(*vm_page_queues[m->queue].lcnt);
			TAILQ_REMOVE(vm_page_queues[m->queue].pl, m, pageq);
			m->queue = PQ_NONE;
			splx(s);
#if 0
			rel_mplock();
#endif
			pmap_zero_page(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
#if 0
			get_mplock();
#endif
			(void)splvm();
			vm_page_flag_set(m, PG_ZERO);
			m->queue = PQ_FREE + m->pc;
			++(*vm_page_queues[m->queue].lcnt);
			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(vm_page_queues[m->queue].pl, m,
			    pageq);
			++vm_page_zero_count;
			++cnt_prezero;
			if (vm_page_zero_count >= ZIDLE_HI(cnt.v_free_count))
				zero_state = 1;
		}
		free_rover = (free_rover + PQ_PRIME3) & PQ_L2_MASK;
		splx(s);
		__asm __volatile("cli" : : : "memory");
#ifdef SMP
		rel_mplock();
#endif
		return (1);
#ifdef SMP
	}
#endif
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Software interrupt handler for queued VM system processing.
 */
void
swi_vm()
{
	if (busdma_swi_pending != 0)
		busdma_swi();
}

/*
 * Tell whether this address is in some physical memory region.
 * Currently used by the kernel coredump code in order to avoid
 * dumping the ``ISA memory hole'' which could cause indefinite hangs,
 * or other unpredictable behaviour.
 */

#include "isa.h"

int
is_physical_memory(addr)
	vm_offset_t addr;
{

#if NISA > 0
	/* The ISA ``memory hole''. */
	if (addr >= 0xa0000 && addr < 0x100000)
		return 0;
#endif

	/*
	 * stuff other tests for known memory-mapped devices (PCI?)
	 * here
	 */

	return 1;
}