xref: /freebsd/sys/fs/unionfs/union_vfsops.c (revision 9aaf4e3be61fc20a84347b7c2c524256a4b93a43)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 The Regents of the University of California.
5  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Jan-Simon Pendry.
6  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006, 2012 Masanori Ozawa <ozawa@ongs.co.jp>, ONGS Inc.
7  * Copyright (c) 2006, 2012 Daichi Goto <daichi@freebsd.org>
8  * All rights reserved.
9  *
10  * This code is derived from software donated to Berkeley by
11  * Jan-Simon Pendry.
12  *
13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
15  * are met:
16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23  *    without specific prior written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35  * SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <sys/systm.h>
40 #include <sys/kdb.h>
41 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
42 #include <sys/kernel.h>
43 #include <sys/lock.h>
44 #include <sys/malloc.h>
45 #include <sys/mount.h>
46 #include <sys/namei.h>
47 #include <sys/proc.h>
48 #include <sys/vnode.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 
51 #include <fs/unionfs/union.h>
52 
53 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_UNIONFSMNT, "UNIONFS mount", "UNIONFS mount structure");
54 
55 static vfs_fhtovp_t	unionfs_fhtovp;
56 static vfs_checkexp_t	unionfs_checkexp;
57 static vfs_mount_t	unionfs_domount;
58 static vfs_quotactl_t	unionfs_quotactl;
59 static vfs_root_t	unionfs_root;
60 static vfs_sync_t	unionfs_sync;
61 static vfs_statfs_t	unionfs_statfs;
62 static vfs_unmount_t	unionfs_unmount;
63 static vfs_vget_t	unionfs_vget;
64 static vfs_extattrctl_t	unionfs_extattrctl;
65 
66 static struct vfsops unionfs_vfsops;
67 
68 /*
69  * Mount unionfs layer.
70  */
71 static int
72 unionfs_domount(struct mount *mp)
73 {
74 	struct mount   *lowermp, *uppermp;
75 	struct vnode   *lowerrootvp;
76 	struct vnode   *upperrootvp;
77 	struct unionfs_mount *ump;
78 	char           *target;
79 	char           *tmp;
80 	char           *ep;
81 	struct nameidata nd, *ndp;
82 	struct vattr	va;
83 	unionfs_copymode copymode;
84 	unionfs_whitemode whitemode;
85 	int		below;
86 	int		error;
87 	int		len;
88 	uid_t		uid;
89 	gid_t		gid;
90 	u_short		udir;
91 	u_short		ufile;
92 
93 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_mount(mp = %p)\n", mp);
94 
95 	error = 0;
96 	below = 0;
97 	uid = 0;
98 	gid = 0;
99 	udir = 0;
100 	ufile = 0;
101 	copymode = UNIONFS_TRANSPARENT;	/* default */
102 	whitemode = UNIONFS_WHITE_ALWAYS;
103 	ndp = &nd;
104 
105 	if (mp->mnt_flag & MNT_ROOTFS) {
106 		vfs_mount_error(mp, "Cannot union mount root filesystem");
107 		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
108 	}
109 
110 	/*
111 	 * Update is a no operation.
112 	 */
113 	if (mp->mnt_flag & MNT_UPDATE) {
114 		vfs_mount_error(mp, "unionfs does not support mount update");
115 		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
116 	}
117 
118 	/*
119 	 * Get argument
120 	 */
121 	error = vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "target", (void **)&target, &len);
122 	if (error)
123 		error = vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "from", (void **)&target,
124 		    &len);
125 	if (error || target[len - 1] != '\0') {
126 		vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid target");
127 		return (EINVAL);
128 	}
129 	if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "below", NULL, NULL) == 0)
130 		below = 1;
131 	if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "udir", (void **)&tmp, NULL) == 0) {
132 		if (tmp != NULL)
133 			udir = (mode_t)strtol(tmp, &ep, 8);
134 		if (tmp == NULL || *ep) {
135 			vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid udir");
136 			return (EINVAL);
137 		}
138 		udir &= S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO;
139 	}
140 	if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "ufile", (void **)&tmp, NULL) == 0) {
141 		if (tmp != NULL)
142 			ufile = (mode_t)strtol(tmp, &ep, 8);
143 		if (tmp == NULL || *ep) {
144 			vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid ufile");
145 			return (EINVAL);
146 		}
147 		ufile &= S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO;
148 	}
149 	/* check umask, uid and gid */
150 	if (udir == 0 && ufile != 0)
151 		udir = ufile;
152 	if (ufile == 0 && udir != 0)
153 		ufile = udir;
154 
155 	vn_lock(mp->mnt_vnodecovered, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
156 	error = VOP_GETATTR(mp->mnt_vnodecovered, &va, mp->mnt_cred);
157 	if (!error) {
158 		if (udir == 0)
159 			udir = va.va_mode;
160 		if (ufile == 0)
161 			ufile = va.va_mode;
162 		uid = va.va_uid;
163 		gid = va.va_gid;
164 	}
165 	VOP_UNLOCK(mp->mnt_vnodecovered);
166 	if (error)
167 		return (error);
168 
169 	if (mp->mnt_cred->cr_ruid == 0) {	/* root only */
170 		if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "uid", (void **)&tmp,
171 		    NULL) == 0) {
172 			if (tmp != NULL)
173 				uid = (uid_t)strtol(tmp, &ep, 10);
174 			if (tmp == NULL || *ep) {
175 				vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid uid");
176 				return (EINVAL);
177 			}
178 		}
179 		if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "gid", (void **)&tmp,
180 		    NULL) == 0) {
181 			if (tmp != NULL)
182 				gid = (gid_t)strtol(tmp, &ep, 10);
183 			if (tmp == NULL || *ep) {
184 				vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid gid");
185 				return (EINVAL);
186 			}
187 		}
188 		if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "copymode", (void **)&tmp,
189 		    NULL) == 0) {
190 			if (tmp == NULL) {
191 				vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid copymode");
192 				return (EINVAL);
193 			} else if (strcasecmp(tmp, "traditional") == 0)
194 				copymode = UNIONFS_TRADITIONAL;
195 			else if (strcasecmp(tmp, "transparent") == 0)
196 				copymode = UNIONFS_TRANSPARENT;
197 			else if (strcasecmp(tmp, "masquerade") == 0)
198 				copymode = UNIONFS_MASQUERADE;
199 			else {
200 				vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid copymode");
201 				return (EINVAL);
202 			}
203 		}
204 		if (vfs_getopt(mp->mnt_optnew, "whiteout", (void **)&tmp,
205 		    NULL) == 0) {
206 			if (tmp == NULL) {
207 				vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid whiteout mode");
208 				return (EINVAL);
209 			} else if (strcasecmp(tmp, "always") == 0)
210 				whitemode = UNIONFS_WHITE_ALWAYS;
211 			else if (strcasecmp(tmp, "whenneeded") == 0)
212 				whitemode = UNIONFS_WHITE_WHENNEEDED;
213 			else {
214 				vfs_mount_error(mp, "Invalid whiteout mode");
215 				return (EINVAL);
216 			}
217 		}
218 	}
219 	/* If copymode is UNIONFS_TRADITIONAL, uid/gid is mounted user. */
220 	if (copymode == UNIONFS_TRADITIONAL) {
221 		uid = mp->mnt_cred->cr_ruid;
222 		gid = mp->mnt_cred->cr_rgid;
223 	}
224 
225 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_mount: uid=%d, gid=%d\n", uid, gid);
226 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_mount: udir=0%03o, ufile=0%03o\n", udir, ufile);
227 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_mount: copymode=%d\n", copymode);
228 
229 	/*
230 	 * Find upper node
231 	 */
232 	NDINIT(ndp, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | LOCKLEAF, UIO_SYSSPACE, target);
233 	if ((error = namei(ndp)))
234 		return (error);
235 
236 	NDFREE_PNBUF(ndp);
237 
238 	/* get root vnodes */
239 	lowerrootvp = mp->mnt_vnodecovered;
240 	upperrootvp = ndp->ni_vp;
241 	KASSERT(lowerrootvp != NULL, ("%s: NULL lower root vp", __func__));
242 	KASSERT(upperrootvp != NULL, ("%s: NULL upper root vp", __func__));
243 
244 	/* create unionfs_mount */
245 	ump = malloc(sizeof(struct unionfs_mount), M_UNIONFSMNT,
246 	    M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
247 
248 	/*
249 	 * Save reference
250 	 */
251 	if (below) {
252 		VOP_UNLOCK(upperrootvp);
253 		vn_lock(lowerrootvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
254 		ump->um_lowervp = upperrootvp;
255 		ump->um_uppervp = lowerrootvp;
256 	} else {
257 		ump->um_lowervp = lowerrootvp;
258 		ump->um_uppervp = upperrootvp;
259 	}
260 	ump->um_rootvp = NULLVP;
261 	ump->um_uid = uid;
262 	ump->um_gid = gid;
263 	ump->um_udir = udir;
264 	ump->um_ufile = ufile;
265 	ump->um_copymode = copymode;
266 	ump->um_whitemode = whitemode;
267 
268 	mp->mnt_data = ump;
269 
270 	/*
271 	 * Copy upper layer's RDONLY flag.
272 	 */
273 	mp->mnt_flag |= ump->um_uppervp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY;
274 
275 	/*
276 	 * Unlock the node
277 	 */
278 	VOP_UNLOCK(ump->um_uppervp);
279 
280 	/*
281 	 * Get the unionfs root vnode.
282 	 */
283 	error = unionfs_nodeget(mp, ump->um_uppervp, ump->um_lowervp,
284 	    NULLVP, &(ump->um_rootvp), NULL);
285 	if (error != 0) {
286 		vrele(upperrootvp);
287 		free(ump, M_UNIONFSMNT);
288 		mp->mnt_data = NULL;
289 		return (error);
290 	}
291 	KASSERT(ump->um_rootvp != NULL, ("rootvp cannot be NULL"));
292 	KASSERT((ump->um_rootvp->v_vflag & VV_ROOT) != 0,
293 	    ("%s: rootvp without VV_ROOT", __func__));
294 
295 	/*
296 	 * Do not release the namei() reference on upperrootvp until after
297 	 * we attempt to register the upper mounts.  A concurrent unmount
298 	 * of the upper or lower FS may have caused unionfs_nodeget() to
299 	 * create a unionfs node with a NULL upper or lower vp and with
300 	 * no reference held on upperrootvp or lowerrootvp.
301 	 * vfs_register_upper() should subsequently fail, which is what
302 	 * we want, but we must ensure neither underlying vnode can be
303 	 * reused until that happens.  We assume the caller holds a reference
304 	 * to lowerrootvp as it is the mount's covered vnode.
305 	 */
306 	lowermp = vfs_register_upper_from_vp(ump->um_lowervp, mp,
307 	    &ump->um_lower_link);
308 	uppermp = vfs_register_upper_from_vp(ump->um_uppervp, mp,
309 	    &ump->um_upper_link);
310 
311 	vrele(upperrootvp);
312 
313 	if (lowermp == NULL || uppermp == NULL) {
314 		if (lowermp != NULL)
315 			vfs_unregister_upper(lowermp, &ump->um_lower_link);
316 		if (uppermp != NULL)
317 			vfs_unregister_upper(uppermp, &ump->um_upper_link);
318 		vflush(mp, 1, FORCECLOSE, curthread);
319 		free(ump, M_UNIONFSMNT);
320 		mp->mnt_data = NULL;
321 		return (ENOENT);
322 	}
323 
324 	/*
325 	 * Specify that the covered vnode lock should remain held while
326 	 * lookup() performs the cross-mount walk.  This prevents a lock-order
327 	 * reversal between the covered vnode lock (which is also locked by
328 	 * unionfs_lock()) and the mountpoint's busy count.  Without this,
329 	 * unmount will lock the covered vnode lock (directly through the
330 	 * covered vnode) and wait for the busy count to drain, while a
331 	 * concurrent lookup will increment the busy count and then lock
332 	 * the covered vnode lock (indirectly through unionfs_lock()).
333 	 *
334 	 * Note that we can't yet use this facility for the 'below' case
335 	 * in which the upper vnode is the covered vnode, because that would
336 	 * introduce a different LOR in which the cross-mount lookup would
337 	 * effectively hold the upper vnode lock before acquiring the lower
338 	 * vnode lock, while an unrelated lock operation would still acquire
339 	 * the lower vnode lock before the upper vnode lock, which is the
340 	 * order unionfs currently requires.
341 	 */
342 	if (!below) {
343 		vn_lock(mp->mnt_vnodecovered, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY | LK_CANRECURSE);
344 		mp->mnt_vnodecovered->v_vflag |= VV_CROSSLOCK;
345 		VOP_UNLOCK(mp->mnt_vnodecovered);
346 	}
347 
348 	MNT_ILOCK(mp);
349 	if ((lowermp->mnt_flag & MNT_LOCAL) != 0 &&
350 	    (uppermp->mnt_flag & MNT_LOCAL) != 0)
351 		mp->mnt_flag |= MNT_LOCAL;
352 	mp->mnt_kern_flag |= MNTK_NOMSYNC | MNTK_UNIONFS;
353 	MNT_IUNLOCK(mp);
354 
355 	/*
356 	 * Get new fsid
357 	 */
358 	vfs_getnewfsid(mp);
359 
360 	snprintf(mp->mnt_stat.f_mntfromname, MNAMELEN, "<%s>:%s",
361 	    below ? "below" : "above", target);
362 
363 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_mount: from %s, on %s\n",
364 	    mp->mnt_stat.f_mntfromname, mp->mnt_stat.f_mntonname);
365 
366 	return (0);
367 }
368 
369 /*
370  * Free reference to unionfs layer
371  */
372 static int
373 unionfs_unmount(struct mount *mp, int mntflags)
374 {
375 	struct unionfs_mount *ump;
376 	int		error;
377 	int		num;
378 	int		freeing;
379 	int		flags;
380 
381 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_unmount: mp = %p\n", mp);
382 
383 	ump = MOUNTTOUNIONFSMOUNT(mp);
384 	flags = 0;
385 
386 	if (mntflags & MNT_FORCE)
387 		flags |= FORCECLOSE;
388 
389 	/* vflush (no need to call vrele) */
390 	for (freeing = 0; (error = vflush(mp, 1, flags, curthread)) != 0;) {
391 		num = mp->mnt_nvnodelistsize;
392 		if (num == freeing)
393 			break;
394 		freeing = num;
395 	}
396 
397 	if (error)
398 		return (error);
399 
400 	vn_lock(mp->mnt_vnodecovered, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY | LK_CANRECURSE);
401 	mp->mnt_vnodecovered->v_vflag &= ~VV_CROSSLOCK;
402 	VOP_UNLOCK(mp->mnt_vnodecovered);
403 	vfs_unregister_upper(ump->um_lowervp->v_mount, &ump->um_lower_link);
404 	vfs_unregister_upper(ump->um_uppervp->v_mount, &ump->um_upper_link);
405 	free(ump, M_UNIONFSMNT);
406 	mp->mnt_data = NULL;
407 
408 	return (0);
409 }
410 
411 static int
412 unionfs_root(struct mount *mp, int flags, struct vnode **vpp)
413 {
414 	struct unionfs_mount *ump;
415 	struct vnode *vp;
416 
417 	ump = MOUNTTOUNIONFSMOUNT(mp);
418 	vp = ump->um_rootvp;
419 
420 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_root: rootvp=%p locked=%x\n",
421 	    vp, VOP_ISLOCKED(vp));
422 
423 	vref(vp);
424 	if (flags & LK_TYPE_MASK)
425 		vn_lock(vp, flags);
426 
427 	*vpp = vp;
428 
429 	return (0);
430 }
431 
432 static int
433 unionfs_quotactl(struct mount *mp, int cmd, uid_t uid, void *arg,
434     bool *mp_busy)
435 {
436 	struct mount *uppermp;
437 	struct unionfs_mount *ump;
438 	int error;
439 	bool unbusy;
440 
441 	ump = MOUNTTOUNIONFSMOUNT(mp);
442 	uppermp = atomic_load_ptr(&ump->um_uppervp->v_mount);
443 	KASSERT(*mp_busy == true, ("upper mount not busy"));
444 	/*
445 	 * See comment in sys_quotactl() for an explanation of why the
446 	 * lower mount needs to be busied by the caller of VFS_QUOTACTL()
447 	 * but may be unbusied by the implementation.  We must unbusy
448 	 * the upper mount for the same reason; otherwise a namei lookup
449 	 * issued by the VFS_QUOTACTL() implementation could traverse the
450 	 * upper mount and deadlock.
451 	 */
452 	vfs_unbusy(mp);
453 	*mp_busy = false;
454 	unbusy = true;
455 	error = vfs_busy(uppermp, 0);
456 	/*
457 	 * Writing is always performed to upper vnode.
458 	 */
459 	if (error == 0)
460 		error = VFS_QUOTACTL(uppermp, cmd, uid, arg, &unbusy);
461 	if (unbusy)
462 		vfs_unbusy(uppermp);
463 
464 	return (error);
465 }
466 
467 static int
468 unionfs_statfs(struct mount *mp, struct statfs *sbp)
469 {
470 	struct unionfs_mount *ump;
471 	struct statfs	*mstat;
472 	uint64_t	lbsize;
473 	int		error;
474 
475 	ump = MOUNTTOUNIONFSMOUNT(mp);
476 
477 	UNIONFSDEBUG("unionfs_statfs(mp = %p, lvp = %p, uvp = %p)\n",
478 	    mp, ump->um_lowervp, ump->um_uppervp);
479 
480 	mstat = malloc(sizeof(struct statfs), M_STATFS, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
481 
482 	error = VFS_STATFS(ump->um_lowervp->v_mount, mstat);
483 	if (error) {
484 		free(mstat, M_STATFS);
485 		return (error);
486 	}
487 
488 	/* now copy across the "interesting" information and fake the rest */
489 	sbp->f_blocks = mstat->f_blocks;
490 	sbp->f_files = mstat->f_files;
491 
492 	lbsize = mstat->f_bsize;
493 
494 	error = VFS_STATFS(ump->um_uppervp->v_mount, mstat);
495 	if (error) {
496 		free(mstat, M_STATFS);
497 		return (error);
498 	}
499 
500 	/*
501 	 * The FS type etc is copy from upper vfs.
502 	 * (write able vfs have priority)
503 	 */
504 	sbp->f_type = mstat->f_type;
505 	sbp->f_flags = mstat->f_flags;
506 	sbp->f_bsize = mstat->f_bsize;
507 	sbp->f_iosize = mstat->f_iosize;
508 
509 	if (mstat->f_bsize != lbsize)
510 		sbp->f_blocks = ((off_t)sbp->f_blocks * lbsize) /
511 		    mstat->f_bsize;
512 
513 	sbp->f_blocks += mstat->f_blocks;
514 	sbp->f_bfree = mstat->f_bfree;
515 	sbp->f_bavail = mstat->f_bavail;
516 	sbp->f_files += mstat->f_files;
517 	sbp->f_ffree = mstat->f_ffree;
518 
519 	free(mstat, M_STATFS);
520 	return (0);
521 }
522 
523 static int
524 unionfs_sync(struct mount *mp, int waitfor)
525 {
526 	/* nothing to do */
527 	return (0);
528 }
529 
530 static int
531 unionfs_vget(struct mount *mp, ino_t ino, int flags, struct vnode **vpp)
532 {
533 	return (EOPNOTSUPP);
534 }
535 
536 static int
537 unionfs_fhtovp(struct mount *mp, struct fid *fidp, int flags,
538     struct vnode **vpp)
539 {
540 	return (EOPNOTSUPP);
541 }
542 
543 static int
544 unionfs_checkexp(struct mount *mp, struct sockaddr *nam, uint64_t *extflagsp,
545     struct ucred **credanonp, int *numsecflavors, int *secflavors)
546 {
547 	return (EOPNOTSUPP);
548 }
549 
550 static int
551 unionfs_extattrctl(struct mount *mp, int cmd, struct vnode *filename_vp,
552     int namespace, const char *attrname)
553 {
554 	struct unionfs_mount *ump;
555 	struct unionfs_node *unp;
556 
557 	ump = MOUNTTOUNIONFSMOUNT(mp);
558 	unp = VTOUNIONFS(filename_vp);
559 
560 	if (unp->un_uppervp != NULLVP) {
561 		return (VFS_EXTATTRCTL(ump->um_uppervp->v_mount, cmd,
562 		    unp->un_uppervp, namespace, attrname));
563 	} else {
564 		return (VFS_EXTATTRCTL(ump->um_lowervp->v_mount, cmd,
565 		    unp->un_lowervp, namespace, attrname));
566 	}
567 }
568 
569 static struct vfsops unionfs_vfsops = {
570 	.vfs_checkexp =		unionfs_checkexp,
571 	.vfs_extattrctl =	unionfs_extattrctl,
572 	.vfs_fhtovp =		unionfs_fhtovp,
573 	.vfs_init =		unionfs_init,
574 	.vfs_mount =		unionfs_domount,
575 	.vfs_quotactl =		unionfs_quotactl,
576 	.vfs_root =		unionfs_root,
577 	.vfs_statfs =		unionfs_statfs,
578 	.vfs_sync =		unionfs_sync,
579 	.vfs_uninit =		unionfs_uninit,
580 	.vfs_unmount =		unionfs_unmount,
581 	.vfs_vget =		unionfs_vget,
582 };
583 
584 VFS_SET(unionfs_vfsops, unionfs, VFCF_LOOPBACK);
585