xref: /freebsd/sys/fs/msdosfs/msdosfs_fat.c (revision 4f52dfbb8d6c4d446500c5b097e3806ec219fbd4)
1 /* $FreeBSD$ */
2 /*	$NetBSD: msdosfs_fat.c,v 1.28 1997/11/17 15:36:49 ws Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*-
5  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
6  *
7  * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1997 Wolfgang Solfrank.
8  * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1997 TooLs GmbH.
9  * All rights reserved.
10  * Original code by Paul Popelka (paulp@uts.amdahl.com) (see below).
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
23  * 4. The name of TooLs GmbH may not be used to endorse or promote products
24  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TOOLS GMBH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
27  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
28  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
29  * IN NO EVENT SHALL TOOLS GMBH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
30  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
31  * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
32  * OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
33  * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
34  * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
35  * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*-
38  * Written by Paul Popelka (paulp@uts.amdahl.com)
39  *
40  * You can do anything you want with this software, just don't say you wrote
41  * it, and don't remove this notice.
42  *
43  * This software is provided "as is".
44  *
45  * The author supplies this software to be publicly redistributed on the
46  * understanding that the author is not responsible for the correct
47  * functioning of this software in any circumstances and is not liable for
48  * any damages caused by this software.
49  *
50  * October 1992
51  */
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/systm.h>
55 #include <sys/buf.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <sys/vnode.h>
58 
59 #include <fs/msdosfs/bpb.h>
60 #include <fs/msdosfs/direntry.h>
61 #include <fs/msdosfs/denode.h>
62 #include <fs/msdosfs/fat.h>
63 #include <fs/msdosfs/msdosfsmount.h>
64 
65 #define	FULL_RUN	((u_int)0xffffffff)
66 
67 static int	chainalloc(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start,
68 		    u_long count, u_long fillwith, u_long *retcluster,
69 		    u_long *got);
70 static int	chainlength(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start,
71 		    u_long count);
72 static void	fatblock(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long ofs, u_long *bnp,
73 		    u_long *sizep, u_long *bop);
74 static int	fatchain(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start, u_long count,
75 		    u_long fillwith);
76 static void	fc_lookup(struct denode *dep, u_long findcn, u_long *frcnp,
77 		    u_long *fsrcnp);
78 static void	updatefats(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, struct buf *bp,
79 		    u_long fatbn);
80 static __inline void
81 		usemap_alloc(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cn);
82 static __inline void
83 		usemap_free(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cn);
84 static int	clusteralloc1(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start,
85 		    u_long count, u_long fillwith, u_long *retcluster,
86 		    u_long *got);
87 
88 static void
89 fatblock(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long ofs, u_long *bnp, u_long *sizep,
90     u_long *bop)
91 {
92 	u_long bn, size;
93 
94 	bn = ofs / pmp->pm_fatblocksize * pmp->pm_fatblocksec;
95 	size = min(pmp->pm_fatblocksec, pmp->pm_FATsecs - bn)
96 	    * DEV_BSIZE;
97 	bn += pmp->pm_fatblk + pmp->pm_curfat * pmp->pm_FATsecs;
98 
99 	if (bnp)
100 		*bnp = bn;
101 	if (sizep)
102 		*sizep = size;
103 	if (bop)
104 		*bop = ofs % pmp->pm_fatblocksize;
105 }
106 
107 /*
108  * Map the logical cluster number of a file into a physical disk sector
109  * that is filesystem relative.
110  *
111  * dep	  - address of denode representing the file of interest
112  * findcn - file relative cluster whose filesystem relative cluster number
113  *	    and/or block number are/is to be found
114  * bnp	  - address of where to place the filesystem relative block number.
115  *	    If this pointer is null then don't return this quantity.
116  * cnp	  - address of where to place the filesystem relative cluster number.
117  *	    If this pointer is null then don't return this quantity.
118  * sp     - pointer to returned block size
119  *
120  * NOTE: Either bnp or cnp must be non-null.
121  * This function has one side effect.  If the requested file relative cluster
122  * is beyond the end of file, then the actual number of clusters in the file
123  * is returned in *cnp.  This is useful for determining how long a directory is.
124  *  If cnp is null, nothing is returned.
125  */
126 int
127 pcbmap(struct denode *dep, u_long findcn, daddr_t *bnp, u_long *cnp, int *sp)
128 {
129 	int error;
130 	u_long i;
131 	u_long cn;
132 	u_long prevcn = 0; /* XXX: prevcn could be used unititialized */
133 	u_long byteoffset;
134 	u_long bn;
135 	u_long bo;
136 	struct buf *bp = NULL;
137 	u_long bp_bn = -1;
138 	struct msdosfsmount *pmp = dep->de_pmp;
139 	u_long bsize;
140 
141 	KASSERT(bnp != NULL || cnp != NULL || sp != NULL,
142 	    ("pcbmap: extra call"));
143 	ASSERT_VOP_ELOCKED(DETOV(dep), "pcbmap");
144 
145 	cn = dep->de_StartCluster;
146 	/*
147 	 * The "file" that makes up the root directory is contiguous,
148 	 * permanently allocated, of fixed size, and is not made up of
149 	 * clusters.  If the cluster number is beyond the end of the root
150 	 * directory, then return the number of clusters in the file.
151 	 */
152 	if (cn == MSDOSFSROOT) {
153 		if (dep->de_Attributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY) {
154 			if (de_cn2off(pmp, findcn) >= dep->de_FileSize) {
155 				if (cnp)
156 					*cnp = de_bn2cn(pmp, pmp->pm_rootdirsize);
157 				return (E2BIG);
158 			}
159 			if (bnp)
160 				*bnp = pmp->pm_rootdirblk + de_cn2bn(pmp, findcn);
161 			if (cnp)
162 				*cnp = MSDOSFSROOT;
163 			if (sp)
164 				*sp = min(pmp->pm_bpcluster,
165 				    dep->de_FileSize - de_cn2off(pmp, findcn));
166 			return (0);
167 		} else {		/* just an empty file */
168 			if (cnp)
169 				*cnp = 0;
170 			return (E2BIG);
171 		}
172 	}
173 
174 	/*
175 	 * All other files do I/O in cluster sized blocks
176 	 */
177 	if (sp)
178 		*sp = pmp->pm_bpcluster;
179 
180 	/*
181 	 * Rummage around in the FAT cache, maybe we can avoid tromping
182 	 * through every FAT entry for the file. And, keep track of how far
183 	 * off the cache was from where we wanted to be.
184 	 */
185 	i = 0;
186 	fc_lookup(dep, findcn, &i, &cn);
187 
188 	/*
189 	 * Handle all other files or directories the normal way.
190 	 */
191 	for (; i < findcn; i++) {
192 		/*
193 		 * Stop with all reserved clusters, not just with EOF.
194 		 */
195 		if ((cn | ~pmp->pm_fatmask) >= CLUST_RSRVD)
196 			goto hiteof;
197 		byteoffset = FATOFS(pmp, cn);
198 		fatblock(pmp, byteoffset, &bn, &bsize, &bo);
199 		if (bn != bp_bn) {
200 			if (bp)
201 				brelse(bp);
202 			error = bread(pmp->pm_devvp, bn, bsize, NOCRED, &bp);
203 			if (error) {
204 				brelse(bp);
205 				return (error);
206 			}
207 			bp_bn = bn;
208 		}
209 		prevcn = cn;
210 		if (bo >= bsize) {
211 			if (bp)
212 				brelse(bp);
213 			return (EIO);
214 		}
215 		if (FAT32(pmp))
216 			cn = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
217 		else
218 			cn = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
219 		if (FAT12(pmp) && (prevcn & 1))
220 			cn >>= 4;
221 		cn &= pmp->pm_fatmask;
222 
223 		/*
224 		 * Force the special cluster numbers
225 		 * to be the same for all cluster sizes
226 		 * to let the rest of msdosfs handle
227 		 * all cases the same.
228 		 */
229 		if ((cn | ~pmp->pm_fatmask) >= CLUST_RSRVD)
230 			cn |= ~pmp->pm_fatmask;
231 	}
232 
233 	if (!MSDOSFSEOF(pmp, cn)) {
234 		if (bp)
235 			brelse(bp);
236 		if (bnp)
237 			*bnp = cntobn(pmp, cn);
238 		if (cnp)
239 			*cnp = cn;
240 		fc_setcache(dep, FC_LASTMAP, i, cn);
241 		return (0);
242 	}
243 
244 hiteof:;
245 	if (cnp)
246 		*cnp = i;
247 	if (bp)
248 		brelse(bp);
249 	/* update last file cluster entry in the FAT cache */
250 	fc_setcache(dep, FC_LASTFC, i - 1, prevcn);
251 	return (E2BIG);
252 }
253 
254 /*
255  * Find the closest entry in the FAT cache to the cluster we are looking
256  * for.
257  */
258 static void
259 fc_lookup(struct denode *dep, u_long findcn, u_long *frcnp, u_long *fsrcnp)
260 {
261 	int i;
262 	u_long cn;
263 	struct fatcache *closest = NULL;
264 
265 	ASSERT_VOP_LOCKED(DETOV(dep), "fc_lookup");
266 
267 	for (i = 0; i < FC_SIZE; i++) {
268 		cn = dep->de_fc[i].fc_frcn;
269 		if (cn != FCE_EMPTY && cn <= findcn) {
270 			if (closest == NULL || cn > closest->fc_frcn)
271 				closest = &dep->de_fc[i];
272 		}
273 	}
274 	if (closest) {
275 		*frcnp = closest->fc_frcn;
276 		*fsrcnp = closest->fc_fsrcn;
277 	}
278 }
279 
280 /*
281  * Purge the FAT cache in denode dep of all entries relating to file
282  * relative cluster frcn and beyond.
283  */
284 void
285 fc_purge(struct denode *dep, u_int frcn)
286 {
287 	int i;
288 	struct fatcache *fcp;
289 
290 	ASSERT_VOP_ELOCKED(DETOV(dep), "fc_purge");
291 
292 	fcp = dep->de_fc;
293 	for (i = 0; i < FC_SIZE; i++, fcp++) {
294 		if (fcp->fc_frcn >= frcn)
295 			fcp->fc_frcn = FCE_EMPTY;
296 	}
297 }
298 
299 /*
300  * Update the FAT.
301  * If mirroring the FAT, update all copies, with the first copy as last.
302  * Else update only the current FAT (ignoring the others).
303  *
304  * pmp	 - msdosfsmount structure for filesystem to update
305  * bp	 - addr of modified FAT block
306  * fatbn - block number relative to begin of filesystem of the modified FAT block.
307  */
308 static void
309 updatefats(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, struct buf *bp, u_long fatbn)
310 {
311 	struct buf *bpn;
312 	int cleanfat, i;
313 
314 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
315 	printf("updatefats(pmp %p, bp %p, fatbn %lu)\n", pmp, bp, fatbn);
316 #endif
317 
318 	if (pmp->pm_flags & MSDOSFS_FATMIRROR) {
319 		/*
320 		 * Now copy the block(s) of the modified FAT to the other copies of
321 		 * the FAT and write them out.  This is faster than reading in the
322 		 * other FATs and then writing them back out.  This could tie up
323 		 * the FAT for quite a while. Preventing others from accessing it.
324 		 * To prevent us from going after the FAT quite so much we use
325 		 * delayed writes, unless they specified "synchronous" when the
326 		 * filesystem was mounted.  If synch is asked for then use
327 		 * bwrite()'s and really slow things down.
328 		 */
329 		if (fatbn != pmp->pm_fatblk || FAT12(pmp))
330 			cleanfat = 0;
331 		else if (FAT16(pmp))
332 			cleanfat = 16;
333 		else
334 			cleanfat = 32;
335 		for (i = 1; i < pmp->pm_FATs; i++) {
336 			fatbn += pmp->pm_FATsecs;
337 			/* getblk() never fails */
338 			bpn = getblk(pmp->pm_devvp, fatbn, bp->b_bcount,
339 			    0, 0, 0);
340 			memcpy(bpn->b_data, bp->b_data, bp->b_bcount);
341 			/* Force the clean bit on in the other copies. */
342 			if (cleanfat == 16)
343 				((uint8_t *)bpn->b_data)[3] |= 0x80;
344 			else if (cleanfat == 32)
345 				((uint8_t *)bpn->b_data)[7] |= 0x08;
346 			if (pmp->pm_mountp->mnt_flag & MNT_SYNCHRONOUS)
347 				bwrite(bpn);
348 			else
349 				bdwrite(bpn);
350 		}
351 	}
352 
353 	/*
354 	 * Write out the first (or current) FAT last.
355 	 */
356 	if (pmp->pm_mountp->mnt_flag & MNT_SYNCHRONOUS)
357 		bwrite(bp);
358 	else
359 		bdwrite(bp);
360 }
361 
362 /*
363  * Updating entries in 12 bit FATs is a pain in the butt.
364  *
365  * The following picture shows where nibbles go when moving from a 12 bit
366  * cluster number into the appropriate bytes in the FAT.
367  *
368  *	byte m        byte m+1      byte m+2
369  *	+----+----+   +----+----+   +----+----+
370  *	|  0    1 |   |  2    3 |   |  4    5 |   FAT bytes
371  *	+----+----+   +----+----+   +----+----+
372  *
373  *	+----+----+----+   +----+----+----+
374  *	|  3    0    1 |   |  4    5    2 |
375  *	+----+----+----+   +----+----+----+
376  *	cluster n  	   cluster n+1
377  *
378  * Where n is even. m = n + (n >> 2)
379  *
380  */
381 static __inline void
382 usemap_alloc(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cn)
383 {
384 
385 	MSDOSFS_ASSERT_MP_LOCKED(pmp);
386 
387 	KASSERT(cn <= pmp->pm_maxcluster, ("cn too large %lu %lu", cn,
388 	    pmp->pm_maxcluster));
389 	KASSERT((pmp->pm_flags & MSDOSFSMNT_RONLY) == 0,
390 	    ("usemap_alloc on ro msdosfs mount"));
391 	KASSERT((pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS] & (1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS)))
392 	    == 0, ("Allocating used sector %ld %ld %x", cn, cn % N_INUSEBITS,
393 		(unsigned)pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS]));
394 	pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS] |= 1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS);
395 	KASSERT(pmp->pm_freeclustercount > 0, ("usemap_alloc: too little"));
396 	pmp->pm_freeclustercount--;
397 	pmp->pm_flags |= MSDOSFS_FSIMOD;
398 }
399 
400 static __inline void
401 usemap_free(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cn)
402 {
403 
404 	MSDOSFS_ASSERT_MP_LOCKED(pmp);
405 
406 	KASSERT(cn <= pmp->pm_maxcluster, ("cn too large %lu %lu", cn,
407 	    pmp->pm_maxcluster));
408 	KASSERT((pmp->pm_flags & MSDOSFSMNT_RONLY) == 0,
409 	    ("usemap_free on ro msdosfs mount"));
410 	pmp->pm_freeclustercount++;
411 	pmp->pm_flags |= MSDOSFS_FSIMOD;
412 	KASSERT((pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS] & (1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS)))
413 	    != 0, ("Freeing unused sector %ld %ld %x", cn, cn % N_INUSEBITS,
414 		(unsigned)pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS]));
415 	pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS] &= ~(1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS));
416 }
417 
418 int
419 clusterfree(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cluster, u_long *oldcnp)
420 {
421 	int error;
422 	u_long oldcn;
423 
424 	error = fatentry(FAT_GET_AND_SET, pmp, cluster, &oldcn, MSDOSFSFREE);
425 	if (error)
426 		return (error);
427 	/*
428 	 * If the cluster was successfully marked free, then update
429 	 * the count of free clusters, and turn off the "allocated"
430 	 * bit in the "in use" cluster bit map.
431 	 */
432 	MSDOSFS_LOCK_MP(pmp);
433 	usemap_free(pmp, cluster);
434 	MSDOSFS_UNLOCK_MP(pmp);
435 	if (oldcnp)
436 		*oldcnp = oldcn;
437 	return (0);
438 }
439 
440 /*
441  * Get or Set or 'Get and Set' the cluster'th entry in the FAT.
442  *
443  * function	- whether to get or set a FAT entry
444  * pmp		- address of the msdosfsmount structure for the filesystem
445  *		  whose FAT is to be manipulated.
446  * cn		- which cluster is of interest
447  * oldcontents	- address of a word that is to receive the contents of the
448  *		  cluster'th entry if this is a get function
449  * newcontents	- the new value to be written into the cluster'th element of
450  *		  the FAT if this is a set function.
451  *
452  * This function can also be used to free a cluster by setting the FAT entry
453  * for a cluster to 0.
454  *
455  * All copies of the FAT are updated if this is a set function. NOTE: If
456  * fatentry() marks a cluster as free it does not update the inusemap in
457  * the msdosfsmount structure. This is left to the caller.
458  */
459 int
460 fatentry(int function, struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cn, u_long *oldcontents,
461     u_long newcontents)
462 {
463 	int error;
464 	u_long readcn;
465 	u_long bn, bo, bsize, byteoffset;
466 	struct buf *bp;
467 
468 #ifdef	MSDOSFS_DEBUG
469 	printf("fatentry(func %d, pmp %p, clust %lu, oldcon %p, newcon %lx)\n",
470 	    function, pmp, cn, oldcontents, newcontents);
471 #endif
472 
473 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
474 	/*
475 	 * Be sure they asked us to do something.
476 	 */
477 	if ((function & (FAT_SET | FAT_GET)) == 0) {
478 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
479 		printf("fatentry(): function code doesn't specify get or set\n");
480 #endif
481 		return (EINVAL);
482 	}
483 
484 	/*
485 	 * If they asked us to return a cluster number but didn't tell us
486 	 * where to put it, give them an error.
487 	 */
488 	if ((function & FAT_GET) && oldcontents == NULL) {
489 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
490 		printf("fatentry(): get function with no place to put result\n");
491 #endif
492 		return (EINVAL);
493 	}
494 #endif
495 
496 	/*
497 	 * Be sure the requested cluster is in the filesystem.
498 	 */
499 	if (cn < CLUST_FIRST || cn > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
500 		return (EINVAL);
501 
502 	byteoffset = FATOFS(pmp, cn);
503 	fatblock(pmp, byteoffset, &bn, &bsize, &bo);
504 	error = bread(pmp->pm_devvp, bn, bsize, NOCRED, &bp);
505 	if (error) {
506 		brelse(bp);
507 		return (error);
508 	}
509 
510 	if (function & FAT_GET) {
511 		if (FAT32(pmp))
512 			readcn = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
513 		else
514 			readcn = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
515 		if (FAT12(pmp) & (cn & 1))
516 			readcn >>= 4;
517 		readcn &= pmp->pm_fatmask;
518 		/* map reserved FAT entries to same values for all FATs */
519 		if ((readcn | ~pmp->pm_fatmask) >= CLUST_RSRVD)
520 			readcn |= ~pmp->pm_fatmask;
521 		*oldcontents = readcn;
522 	}
523 	if (function & FAT_SET) {
524 		switch (pmp->pm_fatmask) {
525 		case FAT12_MASK:
526 			readcn = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
527 			if (cn & 1) {
528 				readcn &= 0x000f;
529 				readcn |= newcontents << 4;
530 			} else {
531 				readcn &= 0xf000;
532 				readcn |= newcontents & 0xfff;
533 			}
534 			putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], readcn);
535 			break;
536 		case FAT16_MASK:
537 			putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], newcontents);
538 			break;
539 		case FAT32_MASK:
540 			/*
541 			 * According to spec we have to retain the
542 			 * high order bits of the FAT entry.
543 			 */
544 			readcn = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
545 			readcn &= ~FAT32_MASK;
546 			readcn |= newcontents & FAT32_MASK;
547 			putulong(&bp->b_data[bo], readcn);
548 			break;
549 		}
550 		updatefats(pmp, bp, bn);
551 		bp = NULL;
552 		pmp->pm_fmod = 1;
553 	}
554 	if (bp)
555 		brelse(bp);
556 	return (0);
557 }
558 
559 /*
560  * Update a contiguous cluster chain
561  *
562  * pmp	    - mount point
563  * start    - first cluster of chain
564  * count    - number of clusters in chain
565  * fillwith - what to write into FAT entry of last cluster
566  */
567 static int
568 fatchain(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start, u_long count, u_long fillwith)
569 {
570 	int error;
571 	u_long bn, bo, bsize, byteoffset, readcn, newc;
572 	struct buf *bp;
573 
574 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
575 	printf("fatchain(pmp %p, start %lu, count %lu, fillwith %lx)\n",
576 	    pmp, start, count, fillwith);
577 #endif
578 	/*
579 	 * Be sure the clusters are in the filesystem.
580 	 */
581 	if (start < CLUST_FIRST || start + count - 1 > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
582 		return (EINVAL);
583 
584 	while (count > 0) {
585 		byteoffset = FATOFS(pmp, start);
586 		fatblock(pmp, byteoffset, &bn, &bsize, &bo);
587 		error = bread(pmp->pm_devvp, bn, bsize, NOCRED, &bp);
588 		if (error) {
589 			brelse(bp);
590 			return (error);
591 		}
592 		while (count > 0) {
593 			start++;
594 			newc = --count > 0 ? start : fillwith;
595 			switch (pmp->pm_fatmask) {
596 			case FAT12_MASK:
597 				readcn = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
598 				if (start & 1) {
599 					readcn &= 0xf000;
600 					readcn |= newc & 0xfff;
601 				} else {
602 					readcn &= 0x000f;
603 					readcn |= newc << 4;
604 				}
605 				putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], readcn);
606 				bo++;
607 				if (!(start & 1))
608 					bo++;
609 				break;
610 			case FAT16_MASK:
611 				putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], newc);
612 				bo += 2;
613 				break;
614 			case FAT32_MASK:
615 				readcn = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
616 				readcn &= ~pmp->pm_fatmask;
617 				readcn |= newc & pmp->pm_fatmask;
618 				putulong(&bp->b_data[bo], readcn);
619 				bo += 4;
620 				break;
621 			}
622 			if (bo >= bsize)
623 				break;
624 		}
625 		updatefats(pmp, bp, bn);
626 	}
627 	pmp->pm_fmod = 1;
628 	return (0);
629 }
630 
631 /*
632  * Check the length of a free cluster chain starting at start.
633  *
634  * pmp	 - mount point
635  * start - start of chain
636  * count - maximum interesting length
637  */
638 static int
639 chainlength(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start, u_long count)
640 {
641 	u_long idx, max_idx;
642 	u_int map;
643 	u_long len;
644 
645 	MSDOSFS_ASSERT_MP_LOCKED(pmp);
646 
647 	if (start > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
648 		return (0);
649 	max_idx = pmp->pm_maxcluster / N_INUSEBITS;
650 	idx = start / N_INUSEBITS;
651 	start %= N_INUSEBITS;
652 	map = pmp->pm_inusemap[idx];
653 	map &= ~((1 << start) - 1);
654 	if (map) {
655 		len = ffs(map) - 1 - start;
656 		len = MIN(len, count);
657 		if (start + len > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
658 			len = pmp->pm_maxcluster - start + 1;
659 		return (len);
660 	}
661 	len = N_INUSEBITS - start;
662 	if (len >= count) {
663 		len = count;
664 		if (start + len > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
665 			len = pmp->pm_maxcluster - start + 1;
666 		return (len);
667 	}
668 	while (++idx <= max_idx) {
669 		if (len >= count)
670 			break;
671 		map = pmp->pm_inusemap[idx];
672 		if (map) {
673 			len += ffs(map) - 1;
674 			break;
675 		}
676 		len += N_INUSEBITS;
677 	}
678 	len = MIN(len, count);
679 	if (start + len > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
680 		len = pmp->pm_maxcluster - start + 1;
681 	return (len);
682 }
683 
684 /*
685  * Allocate contigous free clusters.
686  *
687  * pmp	      - mount point.
688  * start      - start of cluster chain.
689  * count      - number of clusters to allocate.
690  * fillwith   - put this value into the FAT entry for the
691  *		last allocated cluster.
692  * retcluster - put the first allocated cluster's number here.
693  * got	      - how many clusters were actually allocated.
694  */
695 static int
696 chainalloc(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start, u_long count,
697     u_long fillwith, u_long *retcluster, u_long *got)
698 {
699 	int error;
700 	u_long cl, n;
701 
702 	MSDOSFS_ASSERT_MP_LOCKED(pmp);
703 	KASSERT((pmp->pm_flags & MSDOSFSMNT_RONLY) == 0,
704 	    ("chainalloc on ro msdosfs mount"));
705 
706 	for (cl = start, n = count; n-- > 0;)
707 		usemap_alloc(pmp, cl++);
708 	pmp->pm_nxtfree = start + count;
709 	if (pmp->pm_nxtfree > pmp->pm_maxcluster)
710 		pmp->pm_nxtfree = CLUST_FIRST;
711 	pmp->pm_flags |= MSDOSFS_FSIMOD;
712 	error = fatchain(pmp, start, count, fillwith);
713 	if (error != 0) {
714 		for (cl = start, n = count; n-- > 0;)
715 			usemap_free(pmp, cl++);
716 		return (error);
717 	}
718 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
719 	printf("clusteralloc(): allocated cluster chain at %lu (%lu clusters)\n",
720 	    start, count);
721 #endif
722 	if (retcluster)
723 		*retcluster = start;
724 	if (got)
725 		*got = count;
726 	return (0);
727 }
728 
729 /*
730  * Allocate contiguous free clusters.
731  *
732  * pmp	      - mount point.
733  * start      - preferred start of cluster chain.
734  * count      - number of clusters requested.
735  * fillwith   - put this value into the FAT entry for the
736  *		last allocated cluster.
737  * retcluster - put the first allocated cluster's number here.
738  * got	      - how many clusters were actually allocated.
739  */
740 int
741 clusteralloc(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start, u_long count,
742     u_long fillwith, u_long *retcluster, u_long *got)
743 {
744 	int error;
745 
746 	MSDOSFS_LOCK_MP(pmp);
747 	error = clusteralloc1(pmp, start, count, fillwith, retcluster, got);
748 	MSDOSFS_UNLOCK_MP(pmp);
749 	return (error);
750 }
751 
752 static int
753 clusteralloc1(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long start, u_long count,
754     u_long fillwith, u_long *retcluster, u_long *got)
755 {
756 	u_long idx;
757 	u_long len, newst, foundl, cn, l;
758 	u_long foundcn = 0; /* XXX: foundcn could be used unititialized */
759 	u_int map;
760 
761 	MSDOSFS_ASSERT_MP_LOCKED(pmp);
762 
763 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
764 	printf("clusteralloc(): find %lu clusters\n", count);
765 #endif
766 	if (start) {
767 		if ((len = chainlength(pmp, start, count)) >= count)
768 			return (chainalloc(pmp, start, count, fillwith, retcluster, got));
769 	} else
770 		len = 0;
771 
772 	newst = pmp->pm_nxtfree;
773 	foundl = 0;
774 
775 	for (cn = newst; cn <= pmp->pm_maxcluster;) {
776 		idx = cn / N_INUSEBITS;
777 		map = pmp->pm_inusemap[idx];
778 		map |= (1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS)) - 1;
779 		if (map != FULL_RUN) {
780 			cn = idx * N_INUSEBITS + ffs(map ^ FULL_RUN) - 1;
781 			if ((l = chainlength(pmp, cn, count)) >= count)
782 				return (chainalloc(pmp, cn, count, fillwith, retcluster, got));
783 			if (l > foundl) {
784 				foundcn = cn;
785 				foundl = l;
786 			}
787 			cn += l + 1;
788 			continue;
789 		}
790 		cn += N_INUSEBITS - cn % N_INUSEBITS;
791 	}
792 	for (cn = 0; cn < newst;) {
793 		idx = cn / N_INUSEBITS;
794 		map = pmp->pm_inusemap[idx];
795 		map |= (1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS)) - 1;
796 		if (map != FULL_RUN) {
797 			cn = idx * N_INUSEBITS + ffs(map ^ FULL_RUN) - 1;
798 			if ((l = chainlength(pmp, cn, count)) >= count)
799 				return (chainalloc(pmp, cn, count, fillwith, retcluster, got));
800 			if (l > foundl) {
801 				foundcn = cn;
802 				foundl = l;
803 			}
804 			cn += l + 1;
805 			continue;
806 		}
807 		cn += N_INUSEBITS - cn % N_INUSEBITS;
808 	}
809 
810 	if (!foundl)
811 		return (ENOSPC);
812 
813 	if (len)
814 		return (chainalloc(pmp, start, len, fillwith, retcluster, got));
815 	else
816 		return (chainalloc(pmp, foundcn, foundl, fillwith, retcluster, got));
817 }
818 
819 
820 /*
821  * Free a chain of clusters.
822  *
823  * pmp		- address of the msdosfs mount structure for the filesystem
824  *		  containing the cluster chain to be freed.
825  * startcluster - number of the 1st cluster in the chain of clusters to be
826  *		  freed.
827  */
828 int
829 freeclusterchain(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long cluster)
830 {
831 	int error;
832 	struct buf *bp = NULL;
833 	u_long bn, bo, bsize, byteoffset;
834 	u_long readcn, lbn = -1;
835 
836 	MSDOSFS_LOCK_MP(pmp);
837 	while (cluster >= CLUST_FIRST && cluster <= pmp->pm_maxcluster) {
838 		byteoffset = FATOFS(pmp, cluster);
839 		fatblock(pmp, byteoffset, &bn, &bsize, &bo);
840 		if (lbn != bn) {
841 			if (bp)
842 				updatefats(pmp, bp, lbn);
843 			error = bread(pmp->pm_devvp, bn, bsize, NOCRED, &bp);
844 			if (error) {
845 				brelse(bp);
846 				MSDOSFS_UNLOCK_MP(pmp);
847 				return (error);
848 			}
849 			lbn = bn;
850 		}
851 		usemap_free(pmp, cluster);
852 		switch (pmp->pm_fatmask) {
853 		case FAT12_MASK:
854 			readcn = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
855 			if (cluster & 1) {
856 				cluster = readcn >> 4;
857 				readcn &= 0x000f;
858 				readcn |= MSDOSFSFREE << 4;
859 			} else {
860 				cluster = readcn;
861 				readcn &= 0xf000;
862 				readcn |= MSDOSFSFREE & 0xfff;
863 			}
864 			putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], readcn);
865 			break;
866 		case FAT16_MASK:
867 			cluster = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
868 			putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], MSDOSFSFREE);
869 			break;
870 		case FAT32_MASK:
871 			cluster = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
872 			putulong(&bp->b_data[bo],
873 				 (MSDOSFSFREE & FAT32_MASK) | (cluster & ~FAT32_MASK));
874 			break;
875 		}
876 		cluster &= pmp->pm_fatmask;
877 		if ((cluster | ~pmp->pm_fatmask) >= CLUST_RSRVD)
878 			cluster |= pmp->pm_fatmask;
879 	}
880 	if (bp)
881 		updatefats(pmp, bp, bn);
882 	MSDOSFS_UNLOCK_MP(pmp);
883 	return (0);
884 }
885 
886 /*
887  * Read in FAT blocks looking for free clusters. For every free cluster
888  * found turn off its corresponding bit in the pm_inusemap.
889  */
890 int
891 fillinusemap(struct msdosfsmount *pmp)
892 {
893 	struct buf *bp;
894 	u_long bn, bo, bsize, byteoffset, cn, readcn;
895 	int error;
896 
897 	MSDOSFS_ASSERT_MP_LOCKED(pmp);
898 	bp = NULL;
899 
900 	/*
901 	 * Mark all clusters in use, we mark the free ones in the FAT scan
902 	 * loop further down.
903 	 */
904 	for (cn = 0; cn < (pmp->pm_maxcluster + N_INUSEBITS) / N_INUSEBITS; cn++)
905 		pmp->pm_inusemap[cn] = FULL_RUN;
906 
907 	/*
908 	 * Figure how many free clusters are in the filesystem by ripping
909 	 * through the FAT counting the number of entries whose content is
910 	 * zero.  These represent free clusters.
911 	 */
912 	pmp->pm_freeclustercount = 0;
913 	for (cn = 0; cn <= pmp->pm_maxcluster; cn++) {
914 		byteoffset = FATOFS(pmp, cn);
915 		bo = byteoffset % pmp->pm_fatblocksize;
916 		if (bo == 0) {
917 			/* Read new FAT block */
918 			if (bp != NULL)
919 				brelse(bp);
920 			fatblock(pmp, byteoffset, &bn, &bsize, NULL);
921 			error = bread(pmp->pm_devvp, bn, bsize, NOCRED, &bp);
922 			if (error != 0)
923 				return (error);
924 		}
925 		if (FAT32(pmp))
926 			readcn = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
927 		else
928 			readcn = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
929 		if (FAT12(pmp) && (cn & 1))
930 			readcn >>= 4;
931 		readcn &= pmp->pm_fatmask;
932 
933 		/*
934 		 * Check if the FAT ID matches the BPB's media descriptor and
935 		 * all other bits are set to 1.
936 		 */
937 		if (cn == 0 && readcn != ((pmp->pm_fatmask & 0xffffff00) |
938 		    pmp->pm_bpb.bpbMedia)) {
939 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
940 			printf("mountmsdosfs(): Media descriptor in BPB"
941 			    "does not match FAT ID\n");
942 #endif
943 			brelse(bp);
944 			return (EINVAL);
945 		} else if (readcn == CLUST_FREE)
946 			usemap_free(pmp, cn);
947 	}
948 	if (bp != NULL)
949 		brelse(bp);
950 
951 	for (cn = pmp->pm_maxcluster + 1; cn < (pmp->pm_maxcluster +
952 	    N_INUSEBITS) / N_INUSEBITS; cn++)
953 		pmp->pm_inusemap[cn / N_INUSEBITS] |= 1 << (cn % N_INUSEBITS);
954 
955 	return (0);
956 }
957 
958 /*
959  * Allocate a new cluster and chain it onto the end of the file.
960  *
961  * dep	 - the file to extend
962  * count - number of clusters to allocate
963  * bpp	 - where to return the address of the buf header for the first new
964  *	   file block
965  * ncp	 - where to put cluster number of the first newly allocated cluster
966  *	   If this pointer is 0, do not return the cluster number.
967  * flags - see fat.h
968  *
969  * NOTE: This function is not responsible for turning on the DE_UPDATE bit of
970  * the de_flag field of the denode and it does not change the de_FileSize
971  * field.  This is left for the caller to do.
972  */
973 int
974 extendfile(struct denode *dep, u_long count, struct buf **bpp, u_long *ncp,
975     int flags)
976 {
977 	int error;
978 	u_long frcn;
979 	u_long cn, got;
980 	struct msdosfsmount *pmp = dep->de_pmp;
981 	struct buf *bp;
982 	daddr_t blkno;
983 
984 	/*
985 	 * Don't try to extend the root directory
986 	 */
987 	if (dep->de_StartCluster == MSDOSFSROOT
988 	    && (dep->de_Attributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY)) {
989 #ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
990 		printf("extendfile(): attempt to extend root directory\n");
991 #endif
992 		return (ENOSPC);
993 	}
994 
995 	/*
996 	 * If the "file's last cluster" cache entry is empty, and the file
997 	 * is not empty, then fill the cache entry by calling pcbmap().
998 	 */
999 	if (dep->de_fc[FC_LASTFC].fc_frcn == FCE_EMPTY &&
1000 	    dep->de_StartCluster != 0) {
1001 		error = pcbmap(dep, 0xffff, 0, &cn, 0);
1002 		/* we expect it to return E2BIG */
1003 		if (error != E2BIG)
1004 			return (error);
1005 	}
1006 
1007 	dep->de_fc[FC_NEXTTOLASTFC].fc_frcn =
1008 	    dep->de_fc[FC_LASTFC].fc_frcn;
1009 	dep->de_fc[FC_NEXTTOLASTFC].fc_fsrcn =
1010 	    dep->de_fc[FC_LASTFC].fc_fsrcn;
1011 	while (count > 0) {
1012 		/*
1013 		 * Allocate a new cluster chain and cat onto the end of the
1014 		 * file.  If the file is empty we make de_StartCluster point
1015 		 * to the new block.  Note that de_StartCluster being 0 is
1016 		 * sufficient to be sure the file is empty since we exclude
1017 		 * attempts to extend the root directory above, and the root
1018 		 * dir is the only file with a startcluster of 0 that has
1019 		 * blocks allocated (sort of).
1020 		 */
1021 		if (dep->de_StartCluster == 0)
1022 			cn = 0;
1023 		else
1024 			cn = dep->de_fc[FC_LASTFC].fc_fsrcn + 1;
1025 		error = clusteralloc(pmp, cn, count, CLUST_EOFE, &cn, &got);
1026 		if (error)
1027 			return (error);
1028 
1029 		count -= got;
1030 
1031 		/*
1032 		 * Give them the filesystem relative cluster number if they want
1033 		 * it.
1034 		 */
1035 		if (ncp) {
1036 			*ncp = cn;
1037 			ncp = NULL;
1038 		}
1039 
1040 		if (dep->de_StartCluster == 0) {
1041 			dep->de_StartCluster = cn;
1042 			frcn = 0;
1043 		} else {
1044 			error = fatentry(FAT_SET, pmp,
1045 					 dep->de_fc[FC_LASTFC].fc_fsrcn,
1046 					 0, cn);
1047 			if (error) {
1048 				clusterfree(pmp, cn, NULL);
1049 				return (error);
1050 			}
1051 			frcn = dep->de_fc[FC_LASTFC].fc_frcn + 1;
1052 		}
1053 
1054 		/*
1055 		 * Update the "last cluster of the file" entry in the
1056 		 * denode's FAT cache.
1057 		 */
1058 		fc_setcache(dep, FC_LASTFC, frcn + got - 1, cn + got - 1);
1059 
1060 		if (flags & DE_CLEAR) {
1061 			while (got-- > 0) {
1062 				/*
1063 				 * Get the buf header for the new block of the file.
1064 				 */
1065 				if (dep->de_Attributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY)
1066 					bp = getblk(pmp->pm_devvp,
1067 					    cntobn(pmp, cn++),
1068 					    pmp->pm_bpcluster, 0, 0, 0);
1069 				else {
1070 					bp = getblk(DETOV(dep),
1071 					    frcn++,
1072 					    pmp->pm_bpcluster, 0, 0, 0);
1073 					/*
1074 					 * Do the bmap now, as in msdosfs_write
1075 					 */
1076 					if (pcbmap(dep,
1077 					    bp->b_lblkno,
1078 					    &blkno, 0, 0))
1079 						bp->b_blkno = -1;
1080 					if (bp->b_blkno == -1)
1081 						panic("extendfile: pcbmap");
1082 					else
1083 						bp->b_blkno = blkno;
1084 				}
1085 				vfs_bio_clrbuf(bp);
1086 				if (bpp) {
1087 					*bpp = bp;
1088 					bpp = NULL;
1089 				} else
1090 					bdwrite(bp);
1091 			}
1092 		}
1093 	}
1094 
1095 	return (0);
1096 }
1097 
1098 /*-
1099  * Routine to mark a FAT16 or FAT32 volume as "clean" or "dirty" by
1100  * manipulating the upper bit of the FAT entry for cluster 1.  Note that
1101  * this bit is not defined for FAT12 volumes, which are always assumed to
1102  * be clean.
1103  *
1104  * The fatentry() routine only works on cluster numbers that a file could
1105  * occupy, so it won't manipulate the entry for cluster 1.  So we have to do
1106  * it here.  The code was stolen from fatentry() and tailored for cluster 1.
1107  *
1108  * Inputs:
1109  *	pmp	The MS-DOS volume to mark
1110  *	dirty	Non-zero if the volume should be marked dirty; zero if it
1111  *		should be marked clean
1112  *
1113  * Result:
1114  *	0	Success
1115  *	EROFS	Volume is read-only
1116  *	?	(other errors from called routines)
1117  */
1118 int
1119 markvoldirty(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, int dirty)
1120 {
1121 	struct buf *bp;
1122 	u_long bn, bo, bsize, byteoffset, fatval;
1123 	int error;
1124 
1125 	/*
1126 	 * FAT12 does not support a "clean" bit, so don't do anything for
1127 	 * FAT12.
1128 	 */
1129 	if (FAT12(pmp))
1130 		return (0);
1131 
1132 	/* Can't change the bit on a read-only filesystem. */
1133 	if (pmp->pm_flags & MSDOSFSMNT_RONLY)
1134 		return (EROFS);
1135 
1136 	/*
1137 	 * Fetch the block containing the FAT entry.  It is given by the
1138 	 * pseudo-cluster 1.
1139 	 */
1140 	byteoffset = FATOFS(pmp, 1);
1141 	fatblock(pmp, byteoffset, &bn, &bsize, &bo);
1142 	error = bread(pmp->pm_devvp, bn, bsize, NOCRED, &bp);
1143 	if (error) {
1144 		brelse(bp);
1145 		return (error);
1146 	}
1147 
1148 	/*
1149 	 * Get the current value of the FAT entry and set/clear the relevant
1150 	 * bit.  Dirty means clear the "clean" bit; clean means set the
1151 	 * "clean" bit.
1152 	 */
1153 	if (FAT32(pmp)) {
1154 		/* FAT32 uses bit 27. */
1155 		fatval = getulong(&bp->b_data[bo]);
1156 		if (dirty)
1157 			fatval &= 0xF7FFFFFF;
1158 		else
1159 			fatval |= 0x08000000;
1160 		putulong(&bp->b_data[bo], fatval);
1161 	} else {
1162 		/* Must be FAT16; use bit 15. */
1163 		fatval = getushort(&bp->b_data[bo]);
1164 		if (dirty)
1165 			fatval &= 0x7FFF;
1166 		else
1167 			fatval |= 0x8000;
1168 		putushort(&bp->b_data[bo], fatval);
1169 	}
1170 
1171 	/* Write out the modified FAT block synchronously. */
1172 	return (bwrite(bp));
1173 }
1174