xref: /freebsd/sys/dev/xen/netfront/netfront.c (revision 177e3f13663f3ea7518946bceb8b284ea69e5a23)

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Kip Macy
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");

#include "opt_inet.h"
#include "opt_inet6.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/limits.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/sx.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/if_var.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <net/if_media.h>

#include <net/bpf.h>

#include <net/if_types.h>

#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_lro.h>
#endif

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>

#include <machine/clock.h>      /* for DELAY */
#include <machine/bus.h>
#include <machine/resource.h>
#include <machine/frame.h>
#include <machine/vmparam.h>

#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/rman.h>

#include <machine/intr_machdep.h>

#include <xen/xen-os.h>
#include <xen/hypervisor.h>
#include <xen/xen_intr.h>
#include <xen/gnttab.h>
#include <xen/interface/memory.h>
#include <xen/interface/io/netif.h>
#include <xen/xenbus/xenbusvar.h>

#include "xenbus_if.h"

/* Features supported by all backends.  TSO and LRO can be negotiated */
#define XN_CSUM_FEATURES	(CSUM_TCP | CSUM_UDP)

#define NET_TX_RING_SIZE __RING_SIZE((netif_tx_sring_t *)0, PAGE_SIZE)
#define NET_RX_RING_SIZE __RING_SIZE((netif_rx_sring_t *)0, PAGE_SIZE)

#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
/*
 * Should the driver do LRO on the RX end
 *  this can be toggled on the fly, but the
 *  interface must be reset (down/up) for it
 *  to take effect.
 */
static int xn_enable_lro = 1;
TUNABLE_INT("hw.xn.enable_lro", &xn_enable_lro);
#else

#define IFCAP_TSO4	0
#define CSUM_TSO	0

#endif

/**
 * \brief The maximum allowed data fragments in a single transmit
 *        request.
 *
 * This limit is imposed by the backend driver.  We assume here that
 * we are dealing with a Linux driver domain and have set our limit
 * to mirror the Linux MAX_SKB_FRAGS constant.
 */
#define	MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS (65536 / PAGE_SIZE + 2)

#define RX_COPY_THRESHOLD 256

#define net_ratelimit() 0

struct netfront_info;
struct netfront_rx_info;

static void xn_txeof(struct netfront_info *);
static void xn_rxeof(struct netfront_info *);
static void network_alloc_rx_buffers(struct netfront_info *);

static void xn_tick_locked(struct netfront_info *);
static void xn_tick(void *);

static void xn_intr(void *);
static inline int xn_count_frags(struct mbuf *m);
static int  xn_assemble_tx_request(struct netfront_info *sc,
				   struct mbuf *m_head);
static void xn_start_locked(struct ifnet *);
static void xn_start(struct ifnet *);
static int  xn_ioctl(struct ifnet *, u_long, caddr_t);
static void xn_ifinit_locked(struct netfront_info *);
static void xn_ifinit(void *);
static void xn_stop(struct netfront_info *);
static void xn_query_features(struct netfront_info *np);
static int  xn_configure_features(struct netfront_info *np);
#ifdef notyet
static void xn_watchdog(struct ifnet *);
#endif

#ifdef notyet
static void netfront_closing(device_t dev);
#endif
static void netif_free(struct netfront_info *info);
static int netfront_detach(device_t dev);

static int talk_to_backend(device_t dev, struct netfront_info *info);
static int create_netdev(device_t dev);
static void netif_disconnect_backend(struct netfront_info *info);
static int setup_device(device_t dev, struct netfront_info *info);
static void free_ring(int *ref, void *ring_ptr_ref);

static int  xn_ifmedia_upd(struct ifnet *ifp);
static void xn_ifmedia_sts(struct ifnet *ifp, struct ifmediareq *ifmr);

/* Xenolinux helper functions */
int network_connect(struct netfront_info *);

static void xn_free_rx_ring(struct netfront_info *);

static void xn_free_tx_ring(struct netfront_info *);

static int xennet_get_responses(struct netfront_info *np,
	struct netfront_rx_info *rinfo, RING_IDX rp, RING_IDX *cons,
	struct mbuf **list);

#define virt_to_mfn(x) (vtophys(x) >> PAGE_SHIFT)

#define INVALID_P2M_ENTRY (~0UL)

/*
 * Mbuf pointers. We need these to keep track of the virtual addresses
 * of our mbuf chains since we can only convert from virtual to physical,
 * not the other way around.  The size must track the free index arrays.
 */
struct xn_chain_data {
	struct mbuf    *xn_tx_chain[NET_TX_RING_SIZE+1];
	int		xn_tx_chain_cnt;
	struct mbuf    *xn_rx_chain[NET_RX_RING_SIZE+1];
};

struct netfront_stats
{
	u_long	rx_packets;		/* total packets received	*/
	u_long	tx_packets;		/* total packets transmitted	*/
	u_long	rx_bytes;		/* total bytes received 	*/
	u_long	tx_bytes;		/* total bytes transmitted	*/
	u_long	rx_errors;		/* bad packets received		*/
	u_long	tx_errors;		/* packet transmit problems	*/
};

struct netfront_info {
	struct ifnet *xn_ifp;
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
	struct lro_ctrl xn_lro;
#endif

	struct netfront_stats stats;
	u_int tx_full;

	netif_tx_front_ring_t tx;
	netif_rx_front_ring_t rx;

	struct mtx   tx_lock;
	struct mtx   rx_lock;
	struct mtx   sc_lock;

	xen_intr_handle_t xen_intr_handle;
	u_int carrier;
	u_int maxfrags;

	/* Receive-ring batched refills. */
#define RX_MIN_TARGET 32
#define RX_MAX_TARGET NET_RX_RING_SIZE
	int rx_min_target;
	int rx_max_target;
	int rx_target;

	grant_ref_t gref_tx_head;
	grant_ref_t grant_tx_ref[NET_TX_RING_SIZE + 1];
	grant_ref_t gref_rx_head;
	grant_ref_t grant_rx_ref[NET_TX_RING_SIZE + 1];

	device_t		xbdev;
	int			tx_ring_ref;
	int			rx_ring_ref;
	uint8_t			mac[ETHER_ADDR_LEN];
	struct xn_chain_data	xn_cdata;	/* mbufs */
	struct mbufq		xn_rx_batch;	/* batch queue */

	int			xn_if_flags;
	struct callout	        xn_stat_ch;

	u_long			rx_pfn_array[NET_RX_RING_SIZE];
	struct ifmedia		sc_media;

	bool			xn_resume;
};

#define rx_mbufs xn_cdata.xn_rx_chain
#define tx_mbufs xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain

#define XN_RX_LOCK(_sc)           mtx_lock(&(_sc)->rx_lock)
#define XN_RX_UNLOCK(_sc)         mtx_unlock(&(_sc)->rx_lock)

#define XN_TX_LOCK(_sc)           mtx_lock(&(_sc)->tx_lock)
#define XN_TX_UNLOCK(_sc)         mtx_unlock(&(_sc)->tx_lock)

#define XN_LOCK(_sc)           mtx_lock(&(_sc)->sc_lock);
#define XN_UNLOCK(_sc)         mtx_unlock(&(_sc)->sc_lock);

#define XN_LOCK_ASSERT(_sc)    mtx_assert(&(_sc)->sc_lock, MA_OWNED);
#define XN_RX_LOCK_ASSERT(_sc)    mtx_assert(&(_sc)->rx_lock, MA_OWNED);
#define XN_TX_LOCK_ASSERT(_sc)    mtx_assert(&(_sc)->tx_lock, MA_OWNED);

struct netfront_rx_info {
	struct netif_rx_response rx;
	struct netif_extra_info extras[XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_MAX - 1];
};

#define netfront_carrier_on(netif)	((netif)->carrier = 1)
#define netfront_carrier_off(netif)	((netif)->carrier = 0)
#define netfront_carrier_ok(netif)	((netif)->carrier)

/* Access macros for acquiring freeing slots in xn_free_{tx,rx}_idxs[]. */

static inline void
add_id_to_freelist(struct mbuf **list, uintptr_t id)
{
	KASSERT(id != 0,
		("%s: the head item (0) must always be free.", __func__));
	list[id] = list[0];
	list[0]  = (struct mbuf *)id;
}

static inline unsigned short
get_id_from_freelist(struct mbuf **list)
{
	uintptr_t id;

	id = (uintptr_t)list[0];
	KASSERT(id != 0,
		("%s: the head item (0) must always remain free.", __func__));
	list[0] = list[id];
	return (id);
}

static inline int
xennet_rxidx(RING_IDX idx)
{
	return idx & (NET_RX_RING_SIZE - 1);
}

static inline struct mbuf *
xennet_get_rx_mbuf(struct netfront_info *np, RING_IDX ri)
{
	int i = xennet_rxidx(ri);
	struct mbuf *m;

	m = np->rx_mbufs[i];
	np->rx_mbufs[i] = NULL;
	return (m);
}

static inline grant_ref_t
xennet_get_rx_ref(struct netfront_info *np, RING_IDX ri)
{
	int i = xennet_rxidx(ri);
	grant_ref_t ref = np->grant_rx_ref[i];
	KASSERT(ref != GRANT_REF_INVALID, ("Invalid grant reference!\n"));
	np->grant_rx_ref[i] = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
	return ref;
}

#define IPRINTK(fmt, args...) \
    printf("[XEN] " fmt, ##args)
#ifdef INVARIANTS
#define WPRINTK(fmt, args...) \
    printf("[XEN] " fmt, ##args)
#else
#define WPRINTK(fmt, args...)
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define DPRINTK(fmt, args...) \
    printf("[XEN] %s: " fmt, __func__, ##args)
#else
#define DPRINTK(fmt, args...)
#endif

/**
 * Read the 'mac' node at the given device's node in the store, and parse that
 * as colon-separated octets, placing result the given mac array.  mac must be
 * a preallocated array of length ETH_ALEN (as declared in linux/if_ether.h).
 * Return 0 on success, or errno on error.
 */
static int
xen_net_read_mac(device_t dev, uint8_t mac[])
{
	int error, i;
	char *s, *e, *macstr;
	const char *path;

	path = xenbus_get_node(dev);
	error = xs_read(XST_NIL, path, "mac", NULL, (void **) &macstr);
	if (error == ENOENT) {
		/*
		 * Deal with missing mac XenStore nodes on devices with
		 * HVM emulation (the 'ioemu' configuration attribute)
		 * enabled.
		 *
		 * The HVM emulator may execute in a stub device model
		 * domain which lacks the permission, only given to Dom0,
		 * to update the guest's XenStore tree.  For this reason,
		 * the HVM emulator doesn't even attempt to write the
		 * front-side mac node, even when operating in Dom0.
		 * However, there should always be a mac listed in the
		 * backend tree.  Fallback to this version if our query
		 * of the front side XenStore location doesn't find
		 * anything.
		 */
		path = xenbus_get_otherend_path(dev);
		error = xs_read(XST_NIL, path, "mac", NULL, (void **) &macstr);
	}
	if (error != 0) {
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, error, "parsing %s/mac", path);
		return (error);
	}

	s = macstr;
	for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++) {
		mac[i] = strtoul(s, &e, 16);
		if (s == e || (e[0] != ':' && e[0] != 0)) {
			free(macstr, M_XENBUS);
			return (ENOENT);
		}
		s = &e[1];
	}
	free(macstr, M_XENBUS);
	return (0);
}

/**
 * Entry point to this code when a new device is created.  Allocate the basic
 * structures and the ring buffers for communication with the backend, and
 * inform the backend of the appropriate details for those.  Switch to
 * Connected state.
 */
static int
netfront_probe(device_t dev)
{

	if (xen_hvm_domain() && xen_disable_pv_nics != 0)
		return (ENXIO);

	if (!strcmp(xenbus_get_type(dev), "vif")) {
		device_set_desc(dev, "Virtual Network Interface");
		return (0);
	}

	return (ENXIO);
}

static int
netfront_attach(device_t dev)
{
	int err;

	err = create_netdev(dev);
	if (err) {
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "creating netdev");
		return (err);
	}

#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
	SYSCTL_ADD_INT(device_get_sysctl_ctx(dev),
	    SYSCTL_CHILDREN(device_get_sysctl_tree(dev)),
	    OID_AUTO, "enable_lro", CTLFLAG_RW,
	    &xn_enable_lro, 0, "Large Receive Offload");
#endif

	return (0);
}

static int
netfront_suspend(device_t dev)
{
	struct netfront_info *info = device_get_softc(dev);

	XN_RX_LOCK(info);
	XN_TX_LOCK(info);
	netfront_carrier_off(info);
	XN_TX_UNLOCK(info);
	XN_RX_UNLOCK(info);
	return (0);
}

/**
 * We are reconnecting to the backend, due to a suspend/resume, or a backend
 * driver restart.  We tear down our netif structure and recreate it, but
 * leave the device-layer structures intact so that this is transparent to the
 * rest of the kernel.
 */
static int
netfront_resume(device_t dev)
{
	struct netfront_info *info = device_get_softc(dev);

	info->xn_resume = true;
	netif_disconnect_backend(info);
	return (0);
}

/* Common code used when first setting up, and when resuming. */
static int
talk_to_backend(device_t dev, struct netfront_info *info)
{
	const char *message;
	struct xs_transaction xst;
	const char *node = xenbus_get_node(dev);
	int err;

	err = xen_net_read_mac(dev, info->mac);
	if (err) {
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "parsing %s/mac", node);
		goto out;
	}

	/* Create shared ring, alloc event channel. */
	err = setup_device(dev, info);
	if (err)
		goto out;

 again:
	err = xs_transaction_start(&xst);
	if (err) {
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "starting transaction");
		goto destroy_ring;
	}
	err = xs_printf(xst, node, "tx-ring-ref","%u",
			info->tx_ring_ref);
	if (err) {
		message = "writing tx ring-ref";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
	err = xs_printf(xst, node, "rx-ring-ref","%u",
			info->rx_ring_ref);
	if (err) {
		message = "writing rx ring-ref";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
	err = xs_printf(xst, node,
			"event-channel", "%u",
			xen_intr_port(info->xen_intr_handle));
	if (err) {
		message = "writing event-channel";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
	err = xs_printf(xst, node, "request-rx-copy", "%u", 1);
	if (err) {
		message = "writing request-rx-copy";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
	err = xs_printf(xst, node, "feature-rx-notify", "%d", 1);
	if (err) {
		message = "writing feature-rx-notify";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
	err = xs_printf(xst, node, "feature-sg", "%d", 1);
	if (err) {
		message = "writing feature-sg";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
	err = xs_printf(xst, node, "feature-gso-tcpv4", "%d", 1);
	if (err) {
		message = "writing feature-gso-tcpv4";
		goto abort_transaction;
	}
#endif

	err = xs_transaction_end(xst, 0);
	if (err) {
		if (err == EAGAIN)
			goto again;
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "completing transaction");
		goto destroy_ring;
	}

	return 0;

 abort_transaction:
	xs_transaction_end(xst, 1);
	xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "%s", message);
 destroy_ring:
	netif_free(info);
 out:
	return err;
}

static int
setup_device(device_t dev, struct netfront_info *info)
{
	netif_tx_sring_t *txs;
	netif_rx_sring_t *rxs;
	int error;

	info->tx_ring_ref = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
	info->rx_ring_ref = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
	info->rx.sring = NULL;
	info->tx.sring = NULL;

	txs = (netif_tx_sring_t *)malloc(PAGE_SIZE, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT|M_ZERO);
	if (!txs) {
		error = ENOMEM;
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, error, "allocating tx ring page");
		goto fail;
	}
	SHARED_RING_INIT(txs);
	FRONT_RING_INIT(&info->tx, txs, PAGE_SIZE);
	error = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, virt_to_mfn(txs), &info->tx_ring_ref);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	rxs = (netif_rx_sring_t *)malloc(PAGE_SIZE, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT|M_ZERO);
	if (!rxs) {
		error = ENOMEM;
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, error, "allocating rx ring page");
		goto fail;
	}
	SHARED_RING_INIT(rxs);
	FRONT_RING_INIT(&info->rx, rxs, PAGE_SIZE);

	error = xenbus_grant_ring(dev, virt_to_mfn(rxs), &info->rx_ring_ref);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	error = xen_intr_alloc_and_bind_local_port(dev,
	    xenbus_get_otherend_id(dev), /*filter*/NULL, xn_intr, info,
	    INTR_TYPE_NET | INTR_MPSAFE | INTR_ENTROPY, &info->xen_intr_handle);

	if (error) {
		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, error,
				 "xen_intr_alloc_and_bind_local_port failed");
		goto fail;
	}

	return (0);

 fail:
	netif_free(info);
	return (error);
}

#ifdef INET
/**
 * If this interface has an ipv4 address, send an arp for it. This
 * helps to get the network going again after migrating hosts.
 */
static void
netfront_send_fake_arp(device_t dev, struct netfront_info *info)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;
	struct ifaddr *ifa;

	ifp = info->xn_ifp;
	TAILQ_FOREACH(ifa, &ifp->if_addrhead, ifa_link) {
		if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
			arp_ifinit(ifp, ifa);
		}
	}
}
#endif

/**
 * Callback received when the backend's state changes.
 */
static void
netfront_backend_changed(device_t dev, XenbusState newstate)
{
	struct netfront_info *sc = device_get_softc(dev);

	DPRINTK("newstate=%d\n", newstate);

	switch (newstate) {
	case XenbusStateInitialising:
	case XenbusStateInitialised:
	case XenbusStateUnknown:
	case XenbusStateClosed:
	case XenbusStateReconfigured:
	case XenbusStateReconfiguring:
		break;
	case XenbusStateInitWait:
		if (xenbus_get_state(dev) != XenbusStateInitialising)
			break;
		if (network_connect(sc) != 0)
			break;
		xenbus_set_state(dev, XenbusStateConnected);
		break;
	case XenbusStateClosing:
		xenbus_set_state(dev, XenbusStateClosed);
		break;
	case XenbusStateConnected:
#ifdef INET
		netfront_send_fake_arp(dev, sc);
#endif
		break;
	}
}

static void
xn_free_rx_ring(struct netfront_info *sc)
{
#if 0
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < NET_RX_RING_SIZE; i++) {
		if (sc->xn_cdata.rx_mbufs[i] != NULL) {
			m_freem(sc->rx_mbufs[i]);
			sc->rx_mbufs[i] = NULL;
		}
	}

	sc->rx.rsp_cons = 0;
	sc->xn_rx_if->req_prod = 0;
	sc->xn_rx_if->event = sc->rx.rsp_cons ;
#endif
}

static void
xn_free_tx_ring(struct netfront_info *sc)
{
#if 0
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < NET_TX_RING_SIZE; i++) {
		if (sc->tx_mbufs[i] != NULL) {
			m_freem(sc->tx_mbufs[i]);
			sc->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain[i] = NULL;
		}
	}

	return;
#endif
}

/**
 * \brief Verify that there is sufficient space in the Tx ring
 *        buffer for a maximally sized request to be enqueued.
 *
 * A transmit request requires a transmit descriptor for each packet
 * fragment, plus up to 2 entries for "options" (e.g. TSO).
 */
static inline int
xn_tx_slot_available(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	return (RING_FREE_REQUESTS(&np->tx) > (MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS + 2));
}

static void
netif_release_tx_bufs(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 1; i <= NET_TX_RING_SIZE; i++) {
		struct mbuf *m;

		m = np->tx_mbufs[i];

		/*
		 * We assume that no kernel addresses are
		 * less than NET_TX_RING_SIZE.  Any entry
		 * in the table that is below this number
		 * must be an index from free-list tracking.
		 */
		if (((uintptr_t)m) <= NET_TX_RING_SIZE)
			continue;
		gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(np->grant_tx_ref[i]);
		gnttab_release_grant_reference(&np->gref_tx_head,
		    np->grant_tx_ref[i]);
		np->grant_tx_ref[i] = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
		add_id_to_freelist(np->tx_mbufs, i);
		np->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt--;
		if (np->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt < 0) {
			panic("%s: tx_chain_cnt must be >= 0", __func__);
		}
		m_free(m);
	}
}

static void
network_alloc_rx_buffers(struct netfront_info *sc)
{
	int otherend_id = xenbus_get_otherend_id(sc->xbdev);
	unsigned short id;
	struct mbuf *m_new;
	int i, batch_target, notify;
	RING_IDX req_prod;
	grant_ref_t ref;
	netif_rx_request_t *req;
	vm_offset_t vaddr;
	u_long pfn;

	req_prod = sc->rx.req_prod_pvt;

	if (__predict_false(sc->carrier == 0))
		return;

	/*
	 * Allocate mbufs greedily, even though we batch updates to the
	 * receive ring. This creates a less bursty demand on the memory
	 * allocator, and so should reduce the chance of failed allocation
	 * requests both for ourself and for other kernel subsystems.
	 *
	 * Here we attempt to maintain rx_target buffers in flight, counting
	 * buffers that we have yet to process in the receive ring.
	 */
	batch_target = sc->rx_target - (req_prod - sc->rx.rsp_cons);
	for (i = mbufq_len(&sc->xn_rx_batch); i < batch_target; i++) {
		m_new = m_getjcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR, MJUMPAGESIZE);
		if (m_new == NULL) {
			if (i != 0)
				goto refill;
			/*
			 * XXX set timer
			 */
			break;
		}
		m_new->m_len = m_new->m_pkthdr.len = MJUMPAGESIZE;

		/* queue the mbufs allocated */
		(void )mbufq_enqueue(&sc->xn_rx_batch, m_new);
	}

	/*
	 * If we've allocated at least half of our target number of entries,
	 * submit them to the backend - we have enough to make the overhead
	 * of submission worthwhile.  Otherwise wait for more mbufs and
	 * request entries to become available.
	 */
	if (i < (sc->rx_target/2)) {
		if (req_prod >sc->rx.sring->req_prod)
			goto push;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Double floating fill target if we risked having the backend
	 * run out of empty buffers for receive traffic.  We define "running
	 * low" as having less than a fourth of our target buffers free
	 * at the time we refilled the queue.
	 */
	if ((req_prod - sc->rx.sring->rsp_prod) < (sc->rx_target / 4)) {
		sc->rx_target *= 2;
		if (sc->rx_target > sc->rx_max_target)
			sc->rx_target = sc->rx_max_target;
	}

refill:
	for (i = 0; ; i++) {
		if ((m_new = mbufq_dequeue(&sc->xn_rx_batch)) == NULL)
			break;

		m_new->m_ext.ext_arg1 = (vm_paddr_t *)(uintptr_t)(
				vtophys(m_new->m_ext.ext_buf) >> PAGE_SHIFT);

		id = xennet_rxidx(req_prod + i);

		KASSERT(sc->rx_mbufs[id] == NULL, ("non-NULL xm_rx_chain"));
		sc->rx_mbufs[id] = m_new;

		ref = gnttab_claim_grant_reference(&sc->gref_rx_head);
		KASSERT(ref != GNTTAB_LIST_END,
			("reserved grant references exhuasted"));
		sc->grant_rx_ref[id] = ref;

		vaddr = mtod(m_new, vm_offset_t);
		pfn = vtophys(vaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
		req = RING_GET_REQUEST(&sc->rx, req_prod + i);

		gnttab_grant_foreign_access_ref(ref, otherend_id, pfn, 0);
		req->id = id;
		req->gref = ref;

		sc->rx_pfn_array[i] =
		    vtophys(mtod(m_new,vm_offset_t)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	}

	KASSERT(i, ("no mbufs processed")); /* should have returned earlier */
	KASSERT(mbufq_len(&sc->xn_rx_batch) == 0, ("not all mbufs processed"));
	/*
	 * We may have allocated buffers which have entries outstanding
	 * in the page * update queue -- make sure we flush those first!
	 */
	wmb();

	/* Above is a suitable barrier to ensure backend will see requests. */
	sc->rx.req_prod_pvt = req_prod + i;
push:
	RING_PUSH_REQUESTS_AND_CHECK_NOTIFY(&sc->rx, notify);
	if (notify)
		xen_intr_signal(sc->xen_intr_handle);
}

static void
xn_rxeof(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000 && (defined(INET) || defined(INET6))
	struct lro_ctrl *lro = &np->xn_lro;
	struct lro_entry *queued;
#endif
	struct netfront_rx_info rinfo;
	struct netif_rx_response *rx = &rinfo.rx;
	struct netif_extra_info *extras = rinfo.extras;
	RING_IDX i, rp;
	struct mbuf *m;
	struct mbufq rxq, errq;
	int err, work_to_do;

	do {
		XN_RX_LOCK_ASSERT(np);
		if (!netfront_carrier_ok(np))
			return;

		/* XXX: there should be some sane limit. */
		mbufq_init(&errq, INT_MAX);
		mbufq_init(&rxq, INT_MAX);

		ifp = np->xn_ifp;

		rp = np->rx.sring->rsp_prod;
		rmb();	/* Ensure we see queued responses up to 'rp'. */

		i = np->rx.rsp_cons;
		while ((i != rp)) {
			memcpy(rx, RING_GET_RESPONSE(&np->rx, i), sizeof(*rx));
			memset(extras, 0, sizeof(rinfo.extras));

			m = NULL;
			err = xennet_get_responses(np, &rinfo, rp, &i, &m);

			if (__predict_false(err)) {
				if (m)
					(void )mbufq_enqueue(&errq, m);
				np->stats.rx_errors++;
				continue;
			}

			m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = ifp;
			if ( rx->flags & NETRXF_data_validated ) {
				/* Tell the stack the checksums are okay */
				/*
				 * XXX this isn't necessarily the case - need to add
				 * check
				 */

				m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |=
					(CSUM_IP_CHECKED | CSUM_IP_VALID | CSUM_DATA_VALID
					    | CSUM_PSEUDO_HDR);
				m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = 0xffff;
			}

			np->stats.rx_packets++;
			np->stats.rx_bytes += m->m_pkthdr.len;

			(void )mbufq_enqueue(&rxq, m);
			np->rx.rsp_cons = i;
		}

		mbufq_drain(&errq);

		/*
		 * Process all the mbufs after the remapping is complete.
		 * Break the mbuf chain first though.
		 */
		while ((m = mbufq_dequeue(&rxq)) != NULL) {
			if_inc_counter(ifp, IFCOUNTER_IPACKETS, 1);

			/*
			 * Do we really need to drop the rx lock?
			 */
			XN_RX_UNLOCK(np);
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000 && (defined(INET) || defined(INET6))
			/* Use LRO if possible */
			if ((ifp->if_capenable & IFCAP_LRO) == 0 ||
			    lro->lro_cnt == 0 || tcp_lro_rx(lro, m, 0)) {
				/*
				 * If LRO fails, pass up to the stack
				 * directly.
				 */
				(*ifp->if_input)(ifp, m);
			}
#else
			(*ifp->if_input)(ifp, m);
#endif
			XN_RX_LOCK(np);
		}

		np->rx.rsp_cons = i;

#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000 && (defined(INET) || defined(INET6))
		/*
		 * Flush any outstanding LRO work
		 */
		while (!SLIST_EMPTY(&lro->lro_active)) {
			queued = SLIST_FIRST(&lro->lro_active);
			SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&lro->lro_active, next);
			tcp_lro_flush(lro, queued);
		}
#endif

#if 0
		/* If we get a callback with very few responses, reduce fill target. */
		/* NB. Note exponential increase, linear decrease. */
		if (((np->rx.req_prod_pvt - np->rx.sring->rsp_prod) >
			((3*np->rx_target) / 4)) && (--np->rx_target < np->rx_min_target))
			np->rx_target = np->rx_min_target;
#endif

		network_alloc_rx_buffers(np);

		RING_FINAL_CHECK_FOR_RESPONSES(&np->rx, work_to_do);
	} while (work_to_do);
}

static void
xn_txeof(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	RING_IDX i, prod;
	unsigned short id;
	struct ifnet *ifp;
	netif_tx_response_t *txr;
	struct mbuf *m;

	XN_TX_LOCK_ASSERT(np);

	if (!netfront_carrier_ok(np))
		return;

	ifp = np->xn_ifp;

	do {
		prod = np->tx.sring->rsp_prod;
		rmb(); /* Ensure we see responses up to 'rp'. */

		for (i = np->tx.rsp_cons; i != prod; i++) {
			txr = RING_GET_RESPONSE(&np->tx, i);
			if (txr->status == NETIF_RSP_NULL)
				continue;

			if (txr->status != NETIF_RSP_OKAY) {
				printf("%s: WARNING: response is %d!\n",
				       __func__, txr->status);
			}
			id = txr->id;
			m = np->tx_mbufs[id];
			KASSERT(m != NULL, ("mbuf not found in xn_tx_chain"));
			KASSERT((uintptr_t)m > NET_TX_RING_SIZE,
				("mbuf already on the free list, but we're "
				"trying to free it again!"));
			M_ASSERTVALID(m);

			/*
			 * Increment packet count if this is the last
			 * mbuf of the chain.
			 */
			if (!m->m_next)
				if_inc_counter(ifp, IFCOUNTER_OPACKETS, 1);
			if (__predict_false(gnttab_query_foreign_access(
			    np->grant_tx_ref[id]) != 0)) {
				panic("%s: grant id %u still in use by the "
				    "backend", __func__, id);
			}
			gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(
				np->grant_tx_ref[id]);
			gnttab_release_grant_reference(
				&np->gref_tx_head, np->grant_tx_ref[id]);
			np->grant_tx_ref[id] = GRANT_REF_INVALID;

			np->tx_mbufs[id] = NULL;
			add_id_to_freelist(np->tx_mbufs, id);
			np->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt--;
			m_free(m);
			/* Only mark the queue active if we've freed up at least one slot to try */
			ifp->if_drv_flags &= ~IFF_DRV_OACTIVE;
		}
		np->tx.rsp_cons = prod;

		/*
		 * Set a new event, then check for race with update of
		 * tx_cons. Note that it is essential to schedule a
		 * callback, no matter how few buffers are pending. Even if
		 * there is space in the transmit ring, higher layers may
		 * be blocked because too much data is outstanding: in such
		 * cases notification from Xen is likely to be the only kick
		 * that we'll get.
		 */
		np->tx.sring->rsp_event =
		    prod + ((np->tx.sring->req_prod - prod) >> 1) + 1;

		mb();
	} while (prod != np->tx.sring->rsp_prod);

	if (np->tx_full &&
	    ((np->tx.sring->req_prod - prod) < NET_TX_RING_SIZE)) {
		np->tx_full = 0;
#if 0
		if (np->user_state == UST_OPEN)
			netif_wake_queue(dev);
#endif
	}
}

static void
xn_intr(void *xsc)
{
	struct netfront_info *np = xsc;
	struct ifnet *ifp = np->xn_ifp;

#if 0
	if (!(np->rx.rsp_cons != np->rx.sring->rsp_prod &&
	    likely(netfront_carrier_ok(np)) &&
	    ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING))
		return;
#endif
	if (RING_HAS_UNCONSUMED_RESPONSES(&np->tx)) {
		XN_TX_LOCK(np);
		xn_txeof(np);
		XN_TX_UNLOCK(np);
	}

	XN_RX_LOCK(np);
	xn_rxeof(np);
	XN_RX_UNLOCK(np);

	if (ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING &&
	    !IFQ_DRV_IS_EMPTY(&ifp->if_snd))
		xn_start(ifp);
}

static void
xennet_move_rx_slot(struct netfront_info *np, struct mbuf *m,
	grant_ref_t ref)
{
	int new = xennet_rxidx(np->rx.req_prod_pvt);

	KASSERT(np->rx_mbufs[new] == NULL, ("rx_mbufs != NULL"));
	np->rx_mbufs[new] = m;
	np->grant_rx_ref[new] = ref;
	RING_GET_REQUEST(&np->rx, np->rx.req_prod_pvt)->id = new;
	RING_GET_REQUEST(&np->rx, np->rx.req_prod_pvt)->gref = ref;
	np->rx.req_prod_pvt++;
}

static int
xennet_get_extras(struct netfront_info *np,
    struct netif_extra_info *extras, RING_IDX rp, RING_IDX *cons)
{
	struct netif_extra_info *extra;

	int err = 0;

	do {
		struct mbuf *m;
		grant_ref_t ref;

		if (__predict_false(*cons + 1 == rp)) {
#if 0
			if (net_ratelimit())
				WPRINTK("Missing extra info\n");
#endif
			err = EINVAL;
			break;
		}

		extra = (struct netif_extra_info *)
		RING_GET_RESPONSE(&np->rx, ++(*cons));

		if (__predict_false(!extra->type ||
			extra->type >= XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_MAX)) {
#if 0
			if (net_ratelimit())
				WPRINTK("Invalid extra type: %d\n",
					extra->type);
#endif
			err = EINVAL;
		} else {
			memcpy(&extras[extra->type - 1], extra, sizeof(*extra));
		}

		m = xennet_get_rx_mbuf(np, *cons);
		ref = xennet_get_rx_ref(np, *cons);
		xennet_move_rx_slot(np, m, ref);
	} while (extra->flags & XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_FLAG_MORE);

	return err;
}

static int
xennet_get_responses(struct netfront_info *np,
	struct netfront_rx_info *rinfo, RING_IDX rp, RING_IDX *cons,
	struct mbuf  **list)
{
	struct netif_rx_response *rx = &rinfo->rx;
	struct netif_extra_info *extras = rinfo->extras;
	struct mbuf *m, *m0, *m_prev;
	grant_ref_t ref = xennet_get_rx_ref(np, *cons);
	RING_IDX ref_cons = *cons;
	int frags = 1;
	int err = 0;
	u_long ret;

	m0 = m = m_prev = xennet_get_rx_mbuf(np, *cons);

	if (rx->flags & NETRXF_extra_info) {
		err = xennet_get_extras(np, extras, rp, cons);
	}

	if (m0 != NULL) {
		m0->m_pkthdr.len = 0;
		m0->m_next = NULL;
	}

	for (;;) {
#if 0
		DPRINTK("rx->status=%hd rx->offset=%hu frags=%u\n",
			rx->status, rx->offset, frags);
#endif
		if (__predict_false(rx->status < 0 ||
			rx->offset + rx->status > PAGE_SIZE)) {

#if 0
			if (net_ratelimit())
				WPRINTK("rx->offset: %x, size: %u\n",
					rx->offset, rx->status);
#endif
			xennet_move_rx_slot(np, m, ref);
			if (m0 == m)
				m0 = NULL;
			m = NULL;
			err = EINVAL;
			goto next_skip_queue;
		}

		/*
		 * This definitely indicates a bug, either in this driver or in
		 * the backend driver. In future this should flag the bad
		 * situation to the system controller to reboot the backed.
		 */
		if (ref == GRANT_REF_INVALID) {

#if 0
			if (net_ratelimit())
				WPRINTK("Bad rx response id %d.\n", rx->id);
#endif
			printf("%s: Bad rx response id %d.\n", __func__,rx->id);
			err = EINVAL;
			goto next;
		}

		ret = gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(ref);
		KASSERT(ret, ("Unable to end access to grant references"));

		gnttab_release_grant_reference(&np->gref_rx_head, ref);

next:
		if (m == NULL)
			break;

		m->m_len = rx->status;
		m->m_data += rx->offset;
		m0->m_pkthdr.len += rx->status;

next_skip_queue:
		if (!(rx->flags & NETRXF_more_data))
			break;

		if (*cons + frags == rp) {
			if (net_ratelimit())
				WPRINTK("Need more frags\n");
			err = ENOENT;
			printf("%s: cons %u frags %u rp %u, not enough frags\n",
			       __func__, *cons, frags, rp);
			break;
		}
		/*
		 * Note that m can be NULL, if rx->status < 0 or if
		 * rx->offset + rx->status > PAGE_SIZE above.
		 */
		m_prev = m;

		rx = RING_GET_RESPONSE(&np->rx, *cons + frags);
		m = xennet_get_rx_mbuf(np, *cons + frags);

		/*
		 * m_prev == NULL can happen if rx->status < 0 or if
		 * rx->offset + * rx->status > PAGE_SIZE above.
		 */
		if (m_prev != NULL)
			m_prev->m_next = m;

		/*
		 * m0 can be NULL if rx->status < 0 or if * rx->offset +
		 * rx->status > PAGE_SIZE above.
		 */
		if (m0 == NULL)
			m0 = m;
		m->m_next = NULL;
		ref = xennet_get_rx_ref(np, *cons + frags);
		ref_cons = *cons + frags;
		frags++;
	}
	*list = m0;
	*cons += frags;

	return (err);
}

static void
xn_tick_locked(struct netfront_info *sc)
{
	XN_RX_LOCK_ASSERT(sc);
	callout_reset(&sc->xn_stat_ch, hz, xn_tick, sc);

	/* XXX placeholder for printing debug information */
}

static void
xn_tick(void *xsc)
{
	struct netfront_info *sc;

	sc = xsc;
	XN_RX_LOCK(sc);
	xn_tick_locked(sc);
	XN_RX_UNLOCK(sc);
}

/**
 * \brief Count the number of fragments in an mbuf chain.
 *
 * Surprisingly, there isn't an M* macro for this.
 */
static inline int
xn_count_frags(struct mbuf *m)
{
	int nfrags;

	for (nfrags = 0; m != NULL; m = m->m_next)
		nfrags++;

	return (nfrags);
}

/**
 * Given an mbuf chain, make sure we have enough room and then push
 * it onto the transmit ring.
 */
static int
xn_assemble_tx_request(struct netfront_info *sc, struct mbuf *m_head)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;
	struct mbuf *m;
	u_int nfrags;
	int otherend_id;

	ifp = sc->xn_ifp;

	/**
	 * Defragment the mbuf if necessary.
	 */
	nfrags = xn_count_frags(m_head);

	/*
	 * Check to see whether this request is longer than netback
	 * can handle, and try to defrag it.
	 */
	/**
	 * It is a bit lame, but the netback driver in Linux can't
	 * deal with nfrags > MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS, which is a quirk of
	 * the Linux network stack.
	 */
	if (nfrags > sc->maxfrags) {
		m = m_defrag(m_head, M_NOWAIT);
		if (!m) {
			/*
			 * Defrag failed, so free the mbuf and
			 * therefore drop the packet.
			 */
			m_freem(m_head);
			return (EMSGSIZE);
		}
		m_head = m;
	}

	/* Determine how many fragments now exist */
	nfrags = xn_count_frags(m_head);

	/*
	 * Check to see whether the defragmented packet has too many
	 * segments for the Linux netback driver.
	 */
	/**
	 * The FreeBSD TCP stack, with TSO enabled, can produce a chain
	 * of mbufs longer than Linux can handle.  Make sure we don't
	 * pass a too-long chain over to the other side by dropping the
	 * packet.  It doesn't look like there is currently a way to
	 * tell the TCP stack to generate a shorter chain of packets.
	 */
	if (nfrags > MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS) {
#ifdef DEBUG
		printf("%s: nfrags %d > MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS %d, netback "
		       "won't be able to handle it, dropping\n",
		       __func__, nfrags, MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS);
#endif
		m_freem(m_head);
		return (EMSGSIZE);
	}

	/*
	 * This check should be redundant.  We've already verified that we
	 * have enough slots in the ring to handle a packet of maximum
	 * size, and that our packet is less than the maximum size.  Keep
	 * it in here as an assert for now just to make certain that
	 * xn_tx_chain_cnt is accurate.
	 */
	KASSERT((sc->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt + nfrags) <= NET_TX_RING_SIZE,
		("%s: xn_tx_chain_cnt (%d) + nfrags (%d) > NET_TX_RING_SIZE "
		 "(%d)!", __func__, (int) sc->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt,
                    (int) nfrags, (int) NET_TX_RING_SIZE));

	/*
	 * Start packing the mbufs in this chain into
	 * the fragment pointers. Stop when we run out
	 * of fragments or hit the end of the mbuf chain.
	 */
	m = m_head;
	otherend_id = xenbus_get_otherend_id(sc->xbdev);
	for (m = m_head; m; m = m->m_next) {
		netif_tx_request_t *tx;
		uintptr_t id;
		grant_ref_t ref;
		u_long mfn; /* XXX Wrong type? */

		tx = RING_GET_REQUEST(&sc->tx, sc->tx.req_prod_pvt);
		id = get_id_from_freelist(sc->tx_mbufs);
		if (id == 0)
			panic("%s: was allocated the freelist head!\n",
			    __func__);
		sc->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt++;
		if (sc->xn_cdata.xn_tx_chain_cnt > NET_TX_RING_SIZE)
			panic("%s: tx_chain_cnt must be <= NET_TX_RING_SIZE\n",
			    __func__);
		sc->tx_mbufs[id] = m;
		tx->id = id;
		ref = gnttab_claim_grant_reference(&sc->gref_tx_head);
		KASSERT((short)ref >= 0, ("Negative ref"));
		mfn = virt_to_mfn(mtod(m, vm_offset_t));
		gnttab_grant_foreign_access_ref(ref, otherend_id,
		    mfn, GNTMAP_readonly);
		tx->gref = sc->grant_tx_ref[id] = ref;
		tx->offset = mtod(m, vm_offset_t) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
		tx->flags = 0;
		if (m == m_head) {
			/*
			 * The first fragment has the entire packet
			 * size, subsequent fragments have just the
			 * fragment size. The backend works out the
			 * true size of the first fragment by
			 * subtracting the sizes of the other
			 * fragments.
			 */
			tx->size = m->m_pkthdr.len;

			/*
			 * The first fragment contains the checksum flags
			 * and is optionally followed by extra data for
			 * TSO etc.
			 */
			/**
			 * CSUM_TSO requires checksum offloading.
			 * Some versions of FreeBSD fail to
			 * set CSUM_TCP in the CSUM_TSO case,
			 * so we have to test for CSUM_TSO
			 * explicitly.
			 */
			if (m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags
			    & (CSUM_DELAY_DATA | CSUM_TSO)) {
				tx->flags |= (NETTXF_csum_blank
				    | NETTXF_data_validated);
			}
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
			if (m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags & CSUM_TSO) {
				struct netif_extra_info *gso =
					(struct netif_extra_info *)
					RING_GET_REQUEST(&sc->tx,
							 ++sc->tx.req_prod_pvt);

				tx->flags |= NETTXF_extra_info;

				gso->u.gso.size = m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz;
				gso->u.gso.type =
					XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4;
				gso->u.gso.pad = 0;
				gso->u.gso.features = 0;

				gso->type = XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_GSO;
				gso->flags = 0;
			}
#endif
		} else {
			tx->size = m->m_len;
		}
		if (m->m_next)
			tx->flags |= NETTXF_more_data;

		sc->tx.req_prod_pvt++;
	}
	BPF_MTAP(ifp, m_head);

	sc->stats.tx_bytes += m_head->m_pkthdr.len;
	sc->stats.tx_packets++;

	return (0);
}

static void
xn_start_locked(struct ifnet *ifp)
{
	struct netfront_info *sc;
	struct mbuf *m_head;
	int notify;

	sc = ifp->if_softc;

	if (!netfront_carrier_ok(sc))
		return;

	/*
	 * While we have enough transmit slots available for at least one
	 * maximum-sized packet, pull mbufs off the queue and put them on
	 * the transmit ring.
	 */
	while (xn_tx_slot_available(sc)) {
		IF_DEQUEUE(&ifp->if_snd, m_head);
		if (m_head == NULL)
			break;

		if (xn_assemble_tx_request(sc, m_head) != 0)
			break;
	}

	RING_PUSH_REQUESTS_AND_CHECK_NOTIFY(&sc->tx, notify);
	if (notify)
		xen_intr_signal(sc->xen_intr_handle);

	if (RING_FULL(&sc->tx)) {
		sc->tx_full = 1;
#if 0
		netif_stop_queue(dev);
#endif
	}
}

static void
xn_start(struct ifnet *ifp)
{
	struct netfront_info *sc;
	sc = ifp->if_softc;
	XN_TX_LOCK(sc);
	xn_start_locked(ifp);
	XN_TX_UNLOCK(sc);
}

/* equivalent of network_open() in Linux */
static void
xn_ifinit_locked(struct netfront_info *sc)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;

	XN_LOCK_ASSERT(sc);

	ifp = sc->xn_ifp;

	if (ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING)
		return;

	xn_stop(sc);

	network_alloc_rx_buffers(sc);
	sc->rx.sring->rsp_event = sc->rx.rsp_cons + 1;

	ifp->if_drv_flags |= IFF_DRV_RUNNING;
	ifp->if_drv_flags &= ~IFF_DRV_OACTIVE;
	if_link_state_change(ifp, LINK_STATE_UP);

	callout_reset(&sc->xn_stat_ch, hz, xn_tick, sc);
}

static void
xn_ifinit(void *xsc)
{
	struct netfront_info *sc = xsc;

	XN_LOCK(sc);
	xn_ifinit_locked(sc);
	XN_UNLOCK(sc);
}

static int
xn_ioctl(struct ifnet *ifp, u_long cmd, caddr_t data)
{
	struct netfront_info *sc = ifp->if_softc;
	struct ifreq *ifr = (struct ifreq *) data;
#ifdef INET
	struct ifaddr *ifa = (struct ifaddr *)data;
#endif

	int mask, error = 0;
	switch(cmd) {
	case SIOCSIFADDR:
#ifdef INET
		XN_LOCK(sc);
		if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
			ifp->if_flags |= IFF_UP;
			if (!(ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING))
				xn_ifinit_locked(sc);
			arp_ifinit(ifp, ifa);
			XN_UNLOCK(sc);
		} else {
			XN_UNLOCK(sc);
#endif
			error = ether_ioctl(ifp, cmd, data);
#ifdef INET
		}
#endif
		break;
	case SIOCSIFMTU:
		/* XXX can we alter the MTU on a VN ?*/
#ifdef notyet
		if (ifr->ifr_mtu > XN_JUMBO_MTU)
			error = EINVAL;
		else
#endif
		{
			ifp->if_mtu = ifr->ifr_mtu;
			ifp->if_drv_flags &= ~IFF_DRV_RUNNING;
			xn_ifinit(sc);
		}
		break;
	case SIOCSIFFLAGS:
		XN_LOCK(sc);
		if (ifp->if_flags & IFF_UP) {
			/*
			 * If only the state of the PROMISC flag changed,
			 * then just use the 'set promisc mode' command
			 * instead of reinitializing the entire NIC. Doing
			 * a full re-init means reloading the firmware and
			 * waiting for it to start up, which may take a
			 * second or two.
			 */
#ifdef notyet
			/* No promiscuous mode with Xen */
			if (ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING &&
			    ifp->if_flags & IFF_PROMISC &&
			    !(sc->xn_if_flags & IFF_PROMISC)) {
				XN_SETBIT(sc, XN_RX_MODE,
					  XN_RXMODE_RX_PROMISC);
			} else if (ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING &&
				   !(ifp->if_flags & IFF_PROMISC) &&
				   sc->xn_if_flags & IFF_PROMISC) {
				XN_CLRBIT(sc, XN_RX_MODE,
					  XN_RXMODE_RX_PROMISC);
			} else
#endif
				xn_ifinit_locked(sc);
		} else {
			if (ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING) {
				xn_stop(sc);
			}
		}
		sc->xn_if_flags = ifp->if_flags;
		XN_UNLOCK(sc);
		error = 0;
		break;
	case SIOCSIFCAP:
		mask = ifr->ifr_reqcap ^ ifp->if_capenable;
		if (mask & IFCAP_TXCSUM) {
			if (IFCAP_TXCSUM & ifp->if_capenable) {
				ifp->if_capenable &= ~(IFCAP_TXCSUM|IFCAP_TSO4);
				ifp->if_hwassist &= ~(CSUM_TCP | CSUM_UDP
				    | CSUM_IP | CSUM_TSO);
			} else {
				ifp->if_capenable |= IFCAP_TXCSUM;
				ifp->if_hwassist |= (CSUM_TCP | CSUM_UDP
				    | CSUM_IP);
			}
		}
		if (mask & IFCAP_RXCSUM) {
			ifp->if_capenable ^= IFCAP_RXCSUM;
		}
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000
		if (mask & IFCAP_TSO4) {
			if (IFCAP_TSO4 & ifp->if_capenable) {
				ifp->if_capenable &= ~IFCAP_TSO4;
				ifp->if_hwassist &= ~CSUM_TSO;
			} else if (IFCAP_TXCSUM & ifp->if_capenable) {
				ifp->if_capenable |= IFCAP_TSO4;
				ifp->if_hwassist |= CSUM_TSO;
			} else {
				IPRINTK("Xen requires tx checksum offload"
				    " be enabled to use TSO\n");
				error = EINVAL;
			}
		}
		if (mask & IFCAP_LRO) {
			ifp->if_capenable ^= IFCAP_LRO;

		}
#endif
		error = 0;
		break;
	case SIOCADDMULTI:
	case SIOCDELMULTI:
#ifdef notyet
		if (ifp->if_drv_flags & IFF_DRV_RUNNING) {
			XN_LOCK(sc);
			xn_setmulti(sc);
			XN_UNLOCK(sc);
			error = 0;
		}
#endif
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case SIOCSIFMEDIA:
	case SIOCGIFMEDIA:
		error = ifmedia_ioctl(ifp, ifr, &sc->sc_media, cmd);
		break;
	default:
		error = ether_ioctl(ifp, cmd, data);
	}

	return (error);
}

static void
xn_stop(struct netfront_info *sc)
{
	struct ifnet *ifp;

	XN_LOCK_ASSERT(sc);

	ifp = sc->xn_ifp;

	callout_stop(&sc->xn_stat_ch);

	xn_free_rx_ring(sc);
	xn_free_tx_ring(sc);

	ifp->if_drv_flags &= ~(IFF_DRV_RUNNING | IFF_DRV_OACTIVE);
	if_link_state_change(ifp, LINK_STATE_DOWN);
}

/* START of Xenolinux helper functions adapted to FreeBSD */
int
network_connect(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	int i, requeue_idx, error;
	grant_ref_t ref;
	netif_rx_request_t *req;
	u_int feature_rx_copy;

	error = xs_scanf(XST_NIL, xenbus_get_otherend_path(np->xbdev),
	    "feature-rx-copy", NULL, "%u", &feature_rx_copy);
	if (error)
		feature_rx_copy = 0;

	/* We only support rx copy. */
	if (!feature_rx_copy)
		return (EPROTONOSUPPORT);

	/* Recovery procedure: */
	error = talk_to_backend(np->xbdev, np);
	if (error)
		return (error);

	/* Step 1: Reinitialise variables. */
	xn_query_features(np);
	xn_configure_features(np);
	netif_release_tx_bufs(np);

	/* Step 2: Rebuild the RX buffer freelist and the RX ring itself. */
	for (requeue_idx = 0, i = 0; i < NET_RX_RING_SIZE; i++) {
		struct mbuf *m;
		u_long pfn;

		if (np->rx_mbufs[i] == NULL)
			continue;

		m = np->rx_mbufs[requeue_idx] = xennet_get_rx_mbuf(np, i);
		ref = np->grant_rx_ref[requeue_idx] = xennet_get_rx_ref(np, i);

		req = RING_GET_REQUEST(&np->rx, requeue_idx);
		pfn = vtophys(mtod(m, vm_offset_t)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

		gnttab_grant_foreign_access_ref(ref,
		    xenbus_get_otherend_id(np->xbdev),
		    pfn, 0);

		req->gref = ref;
		req->id   = requeue_idx;

		requeue_idx++;
	}

	np->rx.req_prod_pvt = requeue_idx;

	/* Step 3: All public and private state should now be sane.  Get
	 * ready to start sending and receiving packets and give the driver
	 * domain a kick because we've probably just requeued some
	 * packets.
	 */
	netfront_carrier_on(np);
	xen_intr_signal(np->xen_intr_handle);
	XN_TX_LOCK(np);
	xn_txeof(np);
	XN_TX_UNLOCK(np);
	network_alloc_rx_buffers(np);

	return (0);
}

static void
xn_query_features(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	int val;

	device_printf(np->xbdev, "backend features:");

	if (xs_scanf(XST_NIL, xenbus_get_otherend_path(np->xbdev),
		"feature-sg", NULL, "%d", &val) < 0)
		val = 0;

	np->maxfrags = 1;
	if (val) {
		np->maxfrags = MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS;
		printf(" feature-sg");
	}

	if (xs_scanf(XST_NIL, xenbus_get_otherend_path(np->xbdev),
		"feature-gso-tcpv4", NULL, "%d", &val) < 0)
		val = 0;

	np->xn_ifp->if_capabilities &= ~(IFCAP_TSO4|IFCAP_LRO);
	if (val) {
		np->xn_ifp->if_capabilities |= IFCAP_TSO4|IFCAP_LRO;
		printf(" feature-gso-tcp4");
	}

	printf("\n");
}

static int
xn_configure_features(struct netfront_info *np)
{
	int err, cap_enabled;

	err = 0;

	if (np->xn_resume &&
	    ((np->xn_ifp->if_capenable & np->xn_ifp->if_capabilities)
	    == np->xn_ifp->if_capenable)) {
		/* Current options are available, no need to do anything. */
		return (0);
	}

	/* Try to preserve as many options as possible. */
	if (np->xn_resume)
		cap_enabled = np->xn_ifp->if_capenable;
	else
		cap_enabled = UINT_MAX;

#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000 && (defined(INET) || defined(INET6))
	if ((np->xn_ifp->if_capenable & IFCAP_LRO) == (cap_enabled & IFCAP_LRO))
		tcp_lro_free(&np->xn_lro);
#endif
    	np->xn_ifp->if_capenable =
	    np->xn_ifp->if_capabilities & ~(IFCAP_LRO|IFCAP_TSO4) & cap_enabled;
	np->xn_ifp->if_hwassist &= ~CSUM_TSO;
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 700000 && (defined(INET) || defined(INET6))
	if (xn_enable_lro && (np->xn_ifp->if_capabilities & IFCAP_LRO) ==
	    (cap_enabled & IFCAP_LRO)) {
		err = tcp_lro_init(&np->xn_lro);
		if (err) {
			device_printf(np->xbdev, "LRO initialization failed\n");
		} else {
			np->xn_lro.ifp = np->xn_ifp;
			np->xn_ifp->if_capenable |= IFCAP_LRO;
		}
	}
	if ((np->xn_ifp->if_capabilities & IFCAP_TSO4) ==
	    (cap_enabled & IFCAP_TSO4)) {
		np->xn_ifp->if_capenable |= IFCAP_TSO4;
		np->xn_ifp->if_hwassist |= CSUM_TSO;
	}
#endif
	return (err);
}

/**
 * Create a network device.
 * @param dev  Newbus device representing this virtual NIC.
 */
int
create_netdev(device_t dev)
{
	int i;
	struct netfront_info *np;
	int err;
	struct ifnet *ifp;

	np = device_get_softc(dev);

	np->xbdev         = dev;

	mtx_init(&np->tx_lock, "xntx", "network transmit lock", MTX_DEF);
	mtx_init(&np->rx_lock, "xnrx", "network receive lock", MTX_DEF);
	mtx_init(&np->sc_lock, "xnsc", "netfront softc lock", MTX_DEF);

	ifmedia_init(&np->sc_media, 0, xn_ifmedia_upd, xn_ifmedia_sts);
	ifmedia_add(&np->sc_media, IFM_ETHER|IFM_MANUAL, 0, NULL);
	ifmedia_set(&np->sc_media, IFM_ETHER|IFM_MANUAL);

	np->rx_target     = RX_MIN_TARGET;
	np->rx_min_target = RX_MIN_TARGET;
	np->rx_max_target = RX_MAX_TARGET;

	/* Initialise {tx,rx}_skbs to be a free chain containing every entry. */
	for (i = 0; i <= NET_TX_RING_SIZE; i++) {
		np->tx_mbufs[i] = (void *) ((u_long) i+1);
		np->grant_tx_ref[i] = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
	}
	np->tx_mbufs[NET_TX_RING_SIZE] = (void *)0;

	for (i = 0; i <= NET_RX_RING_SIZE; i++) {

		np->rx_mbufs[i] = NULL;
		np->grant_rx_ref[i] = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
	}

	mbufq_init(&np->xn_rx_batch, INT_MAX);

	/* A grant for every tx ring slot */
	if (gnttab_alloc_grant_references(NET_TX_RING_SIZE,
					  &np->gref_tx_head) != 0) {
		IPRINTK("#### netfront can't alloc tx grant refs\n");
		err = ENOMEM;
		goto exit;
	}
	/* A grant for every rx ring slot */
	if (gnttab_alloc_grant_references(RX_MAX_TARGET,
					  &np->gref_rx_head) != 0) {
		WPRINTK("#### netfront can't alloc rx grant refs\n");
		gnttab_free_grant_references(np->gref_tx_head);
		err = ENOMEM;
		goto exit;
	}

	err = xen_net_read_mac(dev, np->mac);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	/* Set up ifnet structure */
	ifp = np->xn_ifp = if_alloc(IFT_ETHER);
    	ifp->if_softc = np;
    	if_initname(ifp, "xn",  device_get_unit(dev));
    	ifp->if_flags = IFF_BROADCAST | IFF_SIMPLEX | IFF_MULTICAST;
    	ifp->if_ioctl = xn_ioctl;
    	ifp->if_output = ether_output;
    	ifp->if_start = xn_start;
#ifdef notyet
    	ifp->if_watchdog = xn_watchdog;
#endif
    	ifp->if_init = xn_ifinit;
    	ifp->if_snd.ifq_maxlen = NET_TX_RING_SIZE - 1;

    	ifp->if_hwassist = XN_CSUM_FEATURES;
    	ifp->if_capabilities = IFCAP_HWCSUM;
	ifp->if_hw_tsomax = 65536 - (ETHER_HDR_LEN + ETHER_VLAN_ENCAP_LEN);
	ifp->if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = MAX_TX_REQ_FRAGS;
	ifp->if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = PAGE_SIZE;

    	ether_ifattach(ifp, np->mac);
    	callout_init(&np->xn_stat_ch, 1);
	netfront_carrier_off(np);

	return (0);

exit:
	gnttab_free_grant_references(np->gref_tx_head);
out:
	return (err);
}

/**
 * Handle the change of state of the backend to Closing.  We must delete our
 * device-layer structures now, to ensure that writes are flushed through to
 * the backend.  Once is this done, we can switch to Closed in
 * acknowledgement.
 */
#if 0
static void
netfront_closing(device_t dev)
{
#if 0
	struct netfront_info *info = dev->dev_driver_data;

	DPRINTK("netfront_closing: %s removed\n", dev->nodename);

	close_netdev(info);
#endif
	xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateClosed);
}
#endif

static int
netfront_detach(device_t dev)
{
	struct netfront_info *info = device_get_softc(dev);

	DPRINTK("%s\n", xenbus_get_node(dev));

	netif_free(info);

	return 0;
}

static void
netif_free(struct netfront_info *info)
{
	XN_LOCK(info);
	xn_stop(info);
	XN_UNLOCK(info);
	callout_drain(&info->xn_stat_ch);
	netif_disconnect_backend(info);
	if (info->xn_ifp != NULL) {
		ether_ifdetach(info->xn_ifp);
		if_free(info->xn_ifp);
		info->xn_ifp = NULL;
	}
	ifmedia_removeall(&info->sc_media);
}

static void
netif_disconnect_backend(struct netfront_info *info)
{
	XN_RX_LOCK(info);
	XN_TX_LOCK(info);
	netfront_carrier_off(info);
	XN_TX_UNLOCK(info);
	XN_RX_UNLOCK(info);

	free_ring(&info->tx_ring_ref, &info->tx.sring);
	free_ring(&info->rx_ring_ref, &info->rx.sring);

	xen_intr_unbind(&info->xen_intr_handle);
}

static void
free_ring(int *ref, void *ring_ptr_ref)
{
	void **ring_ptr_ptr = ring_ptr_ref;

	if (*ref != GRANT_REF_INVALID) {
		/* This API frees the associated storage. */
		gnttab_end_foreign_access(*ref, *ring_ptr_ptr);
		*ref = GRANT_REF_INVALID;
	}
	*ring_ptr_ptr = NULL;
}

static int
xn_ifmedia_upd(struct ifnet *ifp)
{
	return (0);
}

static void
xn_ifmedia_sts(struct ifnet *ifp, struct ifmediareq *ifmr)
{
	ifmr->ifm_status = IFM_AVALID|IFM_ACTIVE;
	ifmr->ifm_active = IFM_ETHER|IFM_MANUAL;
}

/* ** Driver registration ** */
static device_method_t netfront_methods[] = {
	/* Device interface */
	DEVMETHOD(device_probe,         netfront_probe),
	DEVMETHOD(device_attach,        netfront_attach),
	DEVMETHOD(device_detach,        netfront_detach),
	DEVMETHOD(device_shutdown,      bus_generic_shutdown),
	DEVMETHOD(device_suspend,       netfront_suspend),
	DEVMETHOD(device_resume,        netfront_resume),

	/* Xenbus interface */
	DEVMETHOD(xenbus_otherend_changed, netfront_backend_changed),

	DEVMETHOD_END
};

static driver_t netfront_driver = {
	"xn",
	netfront_methods,
	sizeof(struct netfront_info),
};
devclass_t netfront_devclass;

DRIVER_MODULE(xe, xenbusb_front, netfront_driver, netfront_devclass, NULL,
    NULL);