xref: /freebsd/sys/dev/virtio/virtqueue.c (revision f5147e312f43a9050468de539aeafa072caa1a60)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2011, Bryan Venteicher <bryanv@FreeBSD.org>
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
12  *    disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * Implements the virtqueue interface as basically described
31  * in the original VirtIO paper.
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
36 
37 #include <sys/param.h>
38 #include <sys/systm.h>
39 #include <sys/kernel.h>
40 #include <sys/malloc.h>
41 #include <sys/sglist.h>
42 #include <vm/vm.h>
43 #include <vm/pmap.h>
44 
45 #include <machine/cpu.h>
46 #include <machine/bus.h>
47 #include <machine/atomic.h>
48 #include <machine/resource.h>
49 #include <sys/bus.h>
50 #include <sys/rman.h>
51 
52 #include <dev/virtio/virtio.h>
53 #include <dev/virtio/virtqueue.h>
54 #include <dev/virtio/virtio_ring.h>
55 
56 #include "virtio_bus_if.h"
57 
58 struct virtqueue {
59 	device_t		 vq_dev;
60 	char			 vq_name[VIRTQUEUE_MAX_NAME_SZ];
61 	uint16_t		 vq_queue_index;
62 	uint16_t		 vq_nentries;
63 	uint32_t		 vq_flags;
64 #define	VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_INDIRECT	 0x0001
65 #define	VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_EVENT_IDX 0x0002
66 
67 	int			 vq_alignment;
68 	int			 vq_ring_size;
69 	void			*vq_ring_mem;
70 	int			 vq_max_indirect_size;
71 	int			 vq_indirect_mem_size;
72 	virtqueue_intr_t	*vq_intrhand;
73 	void			*vq_intrhand_arg;
74 
75 	struct vring		 vq_ring;
76 	uint16_t		 vq_free_cnt;
77 	uint16_t		 vq_queued_cnt;
78 	/*
79 	 * Head of the free chain in the descriptor table. If
80 	 * there are no free descriptors, this will be set to
81 	 * VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END.
82 	 */
83 	uint16_t		 vq_desc_head_idx;
84 	/*
85 	 * Last consumed descriptor in the used table,
86 	 * trails vq_ring.used->idx.
87 	 */
88 	uint16_t		 vq_used_cons_idx;
89 
90 	struct vq_desc_extra {
91 		void		  *cookie;
92 		struct vring_desc *indirect;
93 		vm_paddr_t	   indirect_paddr;
94 		uint16_t	   ndescs;
95 	} vq_descx[0];
96 };
97 
98 /*
99  * The maximum virtqueue size is 2^15. Use that value as the end of
100  * descriptor chain terminator since it will never be a valid index
101  * in the descriptor table. This is used to verify we are correctly
102  * handling vq_free_cnt.
103  */
104 #define VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END 32768
105 
106 #define VQASSERT(_vq, _exp, _msg, ...)				\
107     KASSERT((_exp),("%s: %s - "_msg, __func__, (_vq)->vq_name,	\
108 	##__VA_ARGS__))
109 
110 #define VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(_vq, _idx)			\
111     VQASSERT((_vq), (_idx) < (_vq)->vq_nentries,		\
112 	"invalid ring index: %d, max: %d", (_idx),		\
113 	(_vq)->vq_nentries)
114 
115 #define VQ_RING_ASSERT_CHAIN_TERM(_vq)				\
116     VQASSERT((_vq), (_vq)->vq_desc_head_idx ==			\
117 	VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END,	"full ring terminated "		\
118 	"incorrectly: head idx: %d", (_vq)->vq_desc_head_idx)
119 
120 static int	virtqueue_init_indirect(struct virtqueue *vq, int);
121 static void	virtqueue_free_indirect(struct virtqueue *vq);
122 static void	virtqueue_init_indirect_list(struct virtqueue *,
123 		    struct vring_desc *);
124 
125 static void	vq_ring_init(struct virtqueue *);
126 static void	vq_ring_update_avail(struct virtqueue *, uint16_t);
127 static uint16_t	vq_ring_enqueue_segments(struct virtqueue *,
128 		    struct vring_desc *, uint16_t, struct sglist *, int, int);
129 static int	vq_ring_use_indirect(struct virtqueue *, int);
130 static void	vq_ring_enqueue_indirect(struct virtqueue *, void *,
131 		    struct sglist *, int, int);
132 static int	vq_ring_enable_interrupt(struct virtqueue *, uint16_t);
133 static int	vq_ring_must_notify_host(struct virtqueue *);
134 static void	vq_ring_notify_host(struct virtqueue *);
135 static void	vq_ring_free_chain(struct virtqueue *, uint16_t);
136 
137 uint64_t
138 virtqueue_filter_features(uint64_t features)
139 {
140 	uint64_t mask;
141 
142 	mask = (1 << VIRTIO_TRANSPORT_F_START) - 1;
143 	mask |= VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC;
144 	mask |= VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX;
145 
146 	return (features & mask);
147 }
148 
149 int
150 virtqueue_alloc(device_t dev, uint16_t queue, uint16_t size, int align,
151     vm_paddr_t highaddr, struct vq_alloc_info *info, struct virtqueue **vqp)
152 {
153 	struct virtqueue *vq;
154 	int error;
155 
156 	*vqp = NULL;
157 	error = 0;
158 
159 	if (size == 0) {
160 		device_printf(dev,
161 		    "virtqueue %d (%s) does not exist (size is zero)\n",
162 		    queue, info->vqai_name);
163 		return (ENODEV);
164 	} else if (!powerof2(size)) {
165 		device_printf(dev,
166 		    "virtqueue %d (%s) size is not a power of 2: %d\n",
167 		    queue, info->vqai_name, size);
168 		return (ENXIO);
169 	} else if (info->vqai_maxindirsz > VIRTIO_MAX_INDIRECT) {
170 		device_printf(dev, "virtqueue %d (%s) requested too many "
171 		    "indirect descriptors: %d, max %d\n",
172 		    queue, info->vqai_name, info->vqai_maxindirsz,
173 		    VIRTIO_MAX_INDIRECT);
174 		return (EINVAL);
175 	}
176 
177 	vq = malloc(sizeof(struct virtqueue) +
178 	    size * sizeof(struct vq_desc_extra), M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO);
179 	if (vq == NULL) {
180 		device_printf(dev, "cannot allocate virtqueue\n");
181 		return (ENOMEM);
182 	}
183 
184 	vq->vq_dev = dev;
185 	strlcpy(vq->vq_name, info->vqai_name, sizeof(vq->vq_name));
186 	vq->vq_queue_index = queue;
187 	vq->vq_alignment = align;
188 	vq->vq_nentries = size;
189 	vq->vq_free_cnt = size;
190 	vq->vq_intrhand = info->vqai_intr;
191 	vq->vq_intrhand_arg = info->vqai_intr_arg;
192 
193 	if (VIRTIO_BUS_WITH_FEATURE(dev, VIRTIO_RING_F_EVENT_IDX) != 0)
194 		vq->vq_flags |= VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_EVENT_IDX;
195 
196 	if (info->vqai_maxindirsz > 1) {
197 		error = virtqueue_init_indirect(vq, info->vqai_maxindirsz);
198 		if (error)
199 			goto fail;
200 	}
201 
202 	vq->vq_ring_size = round_page(vring_size(size, align));
203 	vq->vq_ring_mem = contigmalloc(vq->vq_ring_size, M_DEVBUF,
204 	    M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO, 0, highaddr, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
205 	if (vq->vq_ring_mem == NULL) {
206 		device_printf(dev,
207 		    "cannot allocate memory for virtqueue ring\n");
208 		error = ENOMEM;
209 		goto fail;
210 	}
211 
212 	vq_ring_init(vq);
213 	virtqueue_disable_intr(vq);
214 
215 	*vqp = vq;
216 
217 fail:
218 	if (error)
219 		virtqueue_free(vq);
220 
221 	return (error);
222 }
223 
224 static int
225 virtqueue_init_indirect(struct virtqueue *vq, int indirect_size)
226 {
227 	device_t dev;
228 	struct vq_desc_extra *dxp;
229 	int i, size;
230 
231 	dev = vq->vq_dev;
232 
233 	if (VIRTIO_BUS_WITH_FEATURE(dev, VIRTIO_RING_F_INDIRECT_DESC) == 0) {
234 		/*
235 		 * Indirect descriptors requested by the driver but not
236 		 * negotiated. Return zero to keep the initialization
237 		 * going: we'll run fine without.
238 		 */
239 		if (bootverbose)
240 			device_printf(dev, "virtqueue %d (%s) requested "
241 			    "indirect descriptors but not negotiated\n",
242 			    vq->vq_queue_index, vq->vq_name);
243 		return (0);
244 	}
245 
246 	size = indirect_size * sizeof(struct vring_desc);
247 	vq->vq_max_indirect_size = indirect_size;
248 	vq->vq_indirect_mem_size = size;
249 	vq->vq_flags |= VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_INDIRECT;
250 
251 	for (i = 0; i < vq->vq_nentries; i++) {
252 		dxp = &vq->vq_descx[i];
253 
254 		dxp->indirect = malloc(size, M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
255 		if (dxp->indirect == NULL) {
256 			device_printf(dev, "cannot allocate indirect list\n");
257 			return (ENOMEM);
258 		}
259 
260 		dxp->indirect_paddr = vtophys(dxp->indirect);
261 		virtqueue_init_indirect_list(vq, dxp->indirect);
262 	}
263 
264 	return (0);
265 }
266 
267 static void
268 virtqueue_free_indirect(struct virtqueue *vq)
269 {
270 	struct vq_desc_extra *dxp;
271 	int i;
272 
273 	for (i = 0; i < vq->vq_nentries; i++) {
274 		dxp = &vq->vq_descx[i];
275 
276 		if (dxp->indirect == NULL)
277 			break;
278 
279 		free(dxp->indirect, M_DEVBUF);
280 		dxp->indirect = NULL;
281 		dxp->indirect_paddr = 0;
282 	}
283 
284 	vq->vq_flags &= ~VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_INDIRECT;
285 	vq->vq_indirect_mem_size = 0;
286 }
287 
288 static void
289 virtqueue_init_indirect_list(struct virtqueue *vq,
290     struct vring_desc *indirect)
291 {
292 	int i;
293 
294 	bzero(indirect, vq->vq_indirect_mem_size);
295 
296 	for (i = 0; i < vq->vq_max_indirect_size - 1; i++)
297 		indirect[i].next = i + 1;
298 	indirect[i].next = VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END;
299 }
300 
301 int
302 virtqueue_reinit(struct virtqueue *vq, uint16_t size)
303 {
304 	struct vq_desc_extra *dxp;
305 	int i;
306 
307 	if (vq->vq_nentries != size) {
308 		device_printf(vq->vq_dev,
309 		    "%s: '%s' changed size; old=%hu, new=%hu\n",
310 		    __func__, vq->vq_name, vq->vq_nentries, size);
311 		return (EINVAL);
312 	}
313 
314 	/* Warn if the virtqueue was not properly cleaned up. */
315 	if (vq->vq_free_cnt != vq->vq_nentries) {
316 		device_printf(vq->vq_dev,
317 		    "%s: warning '%s' virtqueue not empty, "
318 		    "leaking %d entries\n", __func__, vq->vq_name,
319 		    vq->vq_nentries - vq->vq_free_cnt);
320 	}
321 
322 	vq->vq_desc_head_idx = 0;
323 	vq->vq_used_cons_idx = 0;
324 	vq->vq_queued_cnt = 0;
325 	vq->vq_free_cnt = vq->vq_nentries;
326 
327 	/* To be safe, reset all our allocated memory. */
328 	bzero(vq->vq_ring_mem, vq->vq_ring_size);
329 	for (i = 0; i < vq->vq_nentries; i++) {
330 		dxp = &vq->vq_descx[i];
331 		dxp->cookie = NULL;
332 		dxp->ndescs = 0;
333 		if (vq->vq_flags & VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_INDIRECT)
334 			virtqueue_init_indirect_list(vq, dxp->indirect);
335 	}
336 
337 	vq_ring_init(vq);
338 	virtqueue_disable_intr(vq);
339 
340 	return (0);
341 }
342 
343 void
344 virtqueue_free(struct virtqueue *vq)
345 {
346 
347 	if (vq->vq_free_cnt != vq->vq_nentries) {
348 		device_printf(vq->vq_dev, "%s: freeing non-empty virtqueue, "
349 		    "leaking %d entries\n", vq->vq_name,
350 		    vq->vq_nentries - vq->vq_free_cnt);
351 	}
352 
353 	if (vq->vq_flags & VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_INDIRECT)
354 		virtqueue_free_indirect(vq);
355 
356 	if (vq->vq_ring_mem != NULL) {
357 		contigfree(vq->vq_ring_mem, vq->vq_ring_size, M_DEVBUF);
358 		vq->vq_ring_size = 0;
359 		vq->vq_ring_mem = NULL;
360 	}
361 
362 	free(vq, M_DEVBUF);
363 }
364 
365 vm_paddr_t
366 virtqueue_paddr(struct virtqueue *vq)
367 {
368 
369 	return (vtophys(vq->vq_ring_mem));
370 }
371 
372 vm_paddr_t
373 virtqueue_desc_paddr(struct virtqueue *vq)
374 {
375 
376 	return (vtophys(vq->vq_ring.desc));
377 }
378 
379 vm_paddr_t
380 virtqueue_avail_paddr(struct virtqueue *vq)
381 {
382 
383 	return (vtophys(vq->vq_ring.avail));
384 }
385 
386 vm_paddr_t
387 virtqueue_used_paddr(struct virtqueue *vq)
388 {
389 
390 	return (vtophys(vq->vq_ring.used));
391 }
392 
393 uint16_t
394 virtqueue_index(struct virtqueue *vq)
395 {
396 	return (vq->vq_queue_index);
397 }
398 
399 int
400 virtqueue_size(struct virtqueue *vq)
401 {
402 
403 	return (vq->vq_nentries);
404 }
405 
406 int
407 virtqueue_nfree(struct virtqueue *vq)
408 {
409 
410 	return (vq->vq_free_cnt);
411 }
412 
413 int
414 virtqueue_empty(struct virtqueue *vq)
415 {
416 
417 	return (vq->vq_nentries == vq->vq_free_cnt);
418 }
419 
420 int
421 virtqueue_full(struct virtqueue *vq)
422 {
423 
424 	return (vq->vq_free_cnt == 0);
425 }
426 
427 void
428 virtqueue_notify(struct virtqueue *vq)
429 {
430 
431 	/* Ensure updated avail->idx is visible to host. */
432 	mb();
433 
434 	if (vq_ring_must_notify_host(vq))
435 		vq_ring_notify_host(vq);
436 	vq->vq_queued_cnt = 0;
437 }
438 
439 int
440 virtqueue_nused(struct virtqueue *vq)
441 {
442 	uint16_t used_idx, nused;
443 
444 	used_idx = vq->vq_ring.used->idx;
445 
446 	nused = (uint16_t)(used_idx - vq->vq_used_cons_idx);
447 	VQASSERT(vq, nused <= vq->vq_nentries, "used more than available");
448 
449 	return (nused);
450 }
451 
452 int
453 virtqueue_intr_filter(struct virtqueue *vq)
454 {
455 
456 	if (vq->vq_used_cons_idx == vq->vq_ring.used->idx)
457 		return (0);
458 
459 	virtqueue_disable_intr(vq);
460 
461 	return (1);
462 }
463 
464 void
465 virtqueue_intr(struct virtqueue *vq)
466 {
467 
468 	vq->vq_intrhand(vq->vq_intrhand_arg);
469 }
470 
471 int
472 virtqueue_enable_intr(struct virtqueue *vq)
473 {
474 
475 	return (vq_ring_enable_interrupt(vq, 0));
476 }
477 
478 int
479 virtqueue_postpone_intr(struct virtqueue *vq, vq_postpone_t hint)
480 {
481 	uint16_t ndesc, avail_idx;
482 
483 	avail_idx = vq->vq_ring.avail->idx;
484 	ndesc = (uint16_t)(avail_idx - vq->vq_used_cons_idx);
485 
486 	switch (hint) {
487 	case VQ_POSTPONE_SHORT:
488 		ndesc = ndesc / 4;
489 		break;
490 	case VQ_POSTPONE_LONG:
491 		ndesc = (ndesc * 3) / 4;
492 		break;
493 	case VQ_POSTPONE_EMPTIED:
494 		break;
495 	}
496 
497 	return (vq_ring_enable_interrupt(vq, ndesc));
498 }
499 
500 /*
501  * Note this is only considered a hint to the host.
502  */
503 void
504 virtqueue_disable_intr(struct virtqueue *vq)
505 {
506 
507 	if (vq->vq_flags & VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_EVENT_IDX) {
508 		vring_used_event(&vq->vq_ring) = vq->vq_used_cons_idx -
509 		    vq->vq_nentries - 1;
510 	} else
511 		vq->vq_ring.avail->flags |= VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT;
512 }
513 
514 int
515 virtqueue_enqueue(struct virtqueue *vq, void *cookie, struct sglist *sg,
516     int readable, int writable)
517 {
518 	struct vq_desc_extra *dxp;
519 	int needed;
520 	uint16_t head_idx, idx;
521 
522 	needed = readable + writable;
523 
524 	VQASSERT(vq, cookie != NULL, "enqueuing with no cookie");
525 	VQASSERT(vq, needed == sg->sg_nseg,
526 	    "segment count mismatch, %d, %d", needed, sg->sg_nseg);
527 	VQASSERT(vq,
528 	    needed <= vq->vq_nentries || needed <= vq->vq_max_indirect_size,
529 	    "too many segments to enqueue: %d, %d/%d", needed,
530 	    vq->vq_nentries, vq->vq_max_indirect_size);
531 
532 	if (needed < 1)
533 		return (EINVAL);
534 	if (vq->vq_free_cnt == 0)
535 		return (ENOSPC);
536 
537 	if (vq_ring_use_indirect(vq, needed)) {
538 		vq_ring_enqueue_indirect(vq, cookie, sg, readable, writable);
539 		return (0);
540 	} else if (vq->vq_free_cnt < needed)
541 		return (EMSGSIZE);
542 
543 	head_idx = vq->vq_desc_head_idx;
544 	VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(vq, head_idx);
545 	dxp = &vq->vq_descx[head_idx];
546 
547 	VQASSERT(vq, dxp->cookie == NULL,
548 	    "cookie already exists for index %d", head_idx);
549 	dxp->cookie = cookie;
550 	dxp->ndescs = needed;
551 
552 	idx = vq_ring_enqueue_segments(vq, vq->vq_ring.desc, head_idx,
553 	    sg, readable, writable);
554 
555 	vq->vq_desc_head_idx = idx;
556 	vq->vq_free_cnt -= needed;
557 	if (vq->vq_free_cnt == 0)
558 		VQ_RING_ASSERT_CHAIN_TERM(vq);
559 	else
560 		VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(vq, idx);
561 
562 	vq_ring_update_avail(vq, head_idx);
563 
564 	return (0);
565 }
566 
567 void *
568 virtqueue_dequeue(struct virtqueue *vq, uint32_t *len)
569 {
570 	struct vring_used_elem *uep;
571 	void *cookie;
572 	uint16_t used_idx, desc_idx;
573 
574 	if (vq->vq_used_cons_idx == vq->vq_ring.used->idx)
575 		return (NULL);
576 
577 	used_idx = vq->vq_used_cons_idx++ & (vq->vq_nentries - 1);
578 	uep = &vq->vq_ring.used->ring[used_idx];
579 
580 	rmb();
581 	desc_idx = (uint16_t) uep->id;
582 	if (len != NULL)
583 		*len = uep->len;
584 
585 	vq_ring_free_chain(vq, desc_idx);
586 
587 	cookie = vq->vq_descx[desc_idx].cookie;
588 	VQASSERT(vq, cookie != NULL, "no cookie for index %d", desc_idx);
589 	vq->vq_descx[desc_idx].cookie = NULL;
590 
591 	return (cookie);
592 }
593 
594 void *
595 virtqueue_poll(struct virtqueue *vq, uint32_t *len)
596 {
597 	void *cookie;
598 
599 	VIRTIO_BUS_POLL(vq->vq_dev);
600 	while ((cookie = virtqueue_dequeue(vq, len)) == NULL) {
601 		cpu_spinwait();
602 		VIRTIO_BUS_POLL(vq->vq_dev);
603 	}
604 
605 	return (cookie);
606 }
607 
608 void *
609 virtqueue_drain(struct virtqueue *vq, int *last)
610 {
611 	void *cookie;
612 	int idx;
613 
614 	cookie = NULL;
615 	idx = *last;
616 
617 	while (idx < vq->vq_nentries && cookie == NULL) {
618 		if ((cookie = vq->vq_descx[idx].cookie) != NULL) {
619 			vq->vq_descx[idx].cookie = NULL;
620 			/* Free chain to keep free count consistent. */
621 			vq_ring_free_chain(vq, idx);
622 		}
623 		idx++;
624 	}
625 
626 	*last = idx;
627 
628 	return (cookie);
629 }
630 
631 void
632 virtqueue_dump(struct virtqueue *vq)
633 {
634 
635 	if (vq == NULL)
636 		return;
637 
638 	printf("VQ: %s - size=%d; free=%d; used=%d; queued=%d; "
639 	    "desc_head_idx=%d; avail.idx=%d; used_cons_idx=%d; "
640 	    "used.idx=%d; used_event_idx=%d; avail.flags=0x%x; used.flags=0x%x\n",
641 	    vq->vq_name, vq->vq_nentries, vq->vq_free_cnt,
642 	    virtqueue_nused(vq), vq->vq_queued_cnt, vq->vq_desc_head_idx,
643 	    vq->vq_ring.avail->idx, vq->vq_used_cons_idx,
644 	    vq->vq_ring.used->idx,
645 		vring_used_event(&vq->vq_ring),
646 	    vq->vq_ring.avail->flags,
647 	    vq->vq_ring.used->flags);
648 }
649 
650 static void
651 vq_ring_init(struct virtqueue *vq)
652 {
653 	struct vring *vr;
654 	char *ring_mem;
655 	int i, size;
656 
657 	ring_mem = vq->vq_ring_mem;
658 	size = vq->vq_nentries;
659 	vr = &vq->vq_ring;
660 
661 	vring_init(vr, size, ring_mem, vq->vq_alignment);
662 
663 	for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
664 		vr->desc[i].next = i + 1;
665 	vr->desc[i].next = VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END;
666 }
667 
668 static void
669 vq_ring_update_avail(struct virtqueue *vq, uint16_t desc_idx)
670 {
671 	uint16_t avail_idx;
672 
673 	/*
674 	 * Place the head of the descriptor chain into the next slot and make
675 	 * it usable to the host. The chain is made available now rather than
676 	 * deferring to virtqueue_notify() in the hopes that if the host is
677 	 * currently running on another CPU, we can keep it processing the new
678 	 * descriptor.
679 	 */
680 	avail_idx = vq->vq_ring.avail->idx & (vq->vq_nentries - 1);
681 	vq->vq_ring.avail->ring[avail_idx] = desc_idx;
682 
683 	wmb();
684 	vq->vq_ring.avail->idx++;
685 
686 	/* Keep pending count until virtqueue_notify(). */
687 	vq->vq_queued_cnt++;
688 }
689 
690 static uint16_t
691 vq_ring_enqueue_segments(struct virtqueue *vq, struct vring_desc *desc,
692     uint16_t head_idx, struct sglist *sg, int readable, int writable)
693 {
694 	struct sglist_seg *seg;
695 	struct vring_desc *dp;
696 	int i, needed;
697 	uint16_t idx;
698 
699 	needed = readable + writable;
700 
701 	for (i = 0, idx = head_idx, seg = sg->sg_segs;
702 	     i < needed;
703 	     i++, idx = dp->next, seg++) {
704 		VQASSERT(vq, idx != VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END,
705 		    "premature end of free desc chain");
706 
707 		dp = &desc[idx];
708 		dp->addr = seg->ss_paddr;
709 		dp->len = seg->ss_len;
710 		dp->flags = 0;
711 
712 		if (i < needed - 1)
713 			dp->flags |= VRING_DESC_F_NEXT;
714 		if (i >= readable)
715 			dp->flags |= VRING_DESC_F_WRITE;
716 	}
717 
718 	return (idx);
719 }
720 
721 static int
722 vq_ring_use_indirect(struct virtqueue *vq, int needed)
723 {
724 
725 	if ((vq->vq_flags & VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_INDIRECT) == 0)
726 		return (0);
727 
728 	if (vq->vq_max_indirect_size < needed)
729 		return (0);
730 
731 	if (needed < 2)
732 		return (0);
733 
734 	return (1);
735 }
736 
737 static void
738 vq_ring_enqueue_indirect(struct virtqueue *vq, void *cookie,
739     struct sglist *sg, int readable, int writable)
740 {
741 	struct vring_desc *dp;
742 	struct vq_desc_extra *dxp;
743 	int needed;
744 	uint16_t head_idx;
745 
746 	needed = readable + writable;
747 	VQASSERT(vq, needed <= vq->vq_max_indirect_size,
748 	    "enqueuing too many indirect descriptors");
749 
750 	head_idx = vq->vq_desc_head_idx;
751 	VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(vq, head_idx);
752 	dp = &vq->vq_ring.desc[head_idx];
753 	dxp = &vq->vq_descx[head_idx];
754 
755 	VQASSERT(vq, dxp->cookie == NULL,
756 	    "cookie already exists for index %d", head_idx);
757 	dxp->cookie = cookie;
758 	dxp->ndescs = 1;
759 
760 	dp->addr = dxp->indirect_paddr;
761 	dp->len = needed * sizeof(struct vring_desc);
762 	dp->flags = VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT;
763 
764 	vq_ring_enqueue_segments(vq, dxp->indirect, 0,
765 	    sg, readable, writable);
766 
767 	vq->vq_desc_head_idx = dp->next;
768 	vq->vq_free_cnt--;
769 	if (vq->vq_free_cnt == 0)
770 		VQ_RING_ASSERT_CHAIN_TERM(vq);
771 	else
772 		VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(vq, vq->vq_desc_head_idx);
773 
774 	vq_ring_update_avail(vq, head_idx);
775 }
776 
777 static int
778 vq_ring_enable_interrupt(struct virtqueue *vq, uint16_t ndesc)
779 {
780 
781 	/*
782 	 * Enable interrupts, making sure we get the latest index of
783 	 * what's already been consumed.
784 	 */
785 	if (vq->vq_flags & VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_EVENT_IDX)
786 		vring_used_event(&vq->vq_ring) = vq->vq_used_cons_idx + ndesc;
787 	else
788 		vq->vq_ring.avail->flags &= ~VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT;
789 
790 	mb();
791 
792 	/*
793 	 * Enough items may have already been consumed to meet our threshold
794 	 * since we last checked. Let our caller know so it processes the new
795 	 * entries.
796 	 */
797 	if (virtqueue_nused(vq) > ndesc)
798 		return (1);
799 
800 	return (0);
801 }
802 
803 static int
804 vq_ring_must_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
805 {
806 	uint16_t new_idx, prev_idx, event_idx;
807 
808 	if (vq->vq_flags & VIRTQUEUE_FLAG_EVENT_IDX) {
809 		new_idx = vq->vq_ring.avail->idx;
810 		prev_idx = new_idx - vq->vq_queued_cnt;
811 		event_idx = vring_avail_event(&vq->vq_ring);
812 
813 		return (vring_need_event(event_idx, new_idx, prev_idx) != 0);
814 	}
815 
816 	return ((vq->vq_ring.used->flags & VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY) == 0);
817 }
818 
819 static void
820 vq_ring_notify_host(struct virtqueue *vq)
821 {
822 
823 	VIRTIO_BUS_NOTIFY_VQ(vq->vq_dev, vq->vq_queue_index);
824 }
825 
826 static void
827 vq_ring_free_chain(struct virtqueue *vq, uint16_t desc_idx)
828 {
829 	struct vring_desc *dp;
830 	struct vq_desc_extra *dxp;
831 
832 	VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(vq, desc_idx);
833 	dp = &vq->vq_ring.desc[desc_idx];
834 	dxp = &vq->vq_descx[desc_idx];
835 
836 	if (vq->vq_free_cnt == 0)
837 		VQ_RING_ASSERT_CHAIN_TERM(vq);
838 
839 	vq->vq_free_cnt += dxp->ndescs;
840 	dxp->ndescs--;
841 
842 	if ((dp->flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) == 0) {
843 		while (dp->flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT) {
844 			VQ_RING_ASSERT_VALID_IDX(vq, dp->next);
845 			dp = &vq->vq_ring.desc[dp->next];
846 			dxp->ndescs--;
847 		}
848 	}
849 
850 	VQASSERT(vq, dxp->ndescs == 0,
851 	    "failed to free entire desc chain, remaining: %d", dxp->ndescs);
852 
853 	/*
854 	 * We must append the existing free chain, if any, to the end of
855 	 * newly freed chain. If the virtqueue was completely used, then
856 	 * head would be VQ_RING_DESC_CHAIN_END (ASSERTed above).
857 	 */
858 	dp->next = vq->vq_desc_head_idx;
859 	vq->vq_desc_head_idx = desc_idx;
860 }
861