xref: /freebsd/sys/dev/random/randomdev.c (revision 8bcb0991864975618c09697b1aca10683346d9f0)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2017 Oliver Pinter
3  * Copyright (c) 2000-2015 Mark R V Murray
4  * All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
11  *    in this position and unchanged.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  *
27  */
28 
29 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
30 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
31 
32 #include <sys/param.h>
33 #include <sys/systm.h>
34 #include <sys/bus.h>
35 #include <sys/conf.h>
36 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
37 #include <sys/filio.h>
38 #include <sys/kernel.h>
39 #include <sys/kthread.h>
40 #include <sys/lock.h>
41 #include <sys/module.h>
42 #include <sys/malloc.h>
43 #include <sys/poll.h>
44 #include <sys/proc.h>
45 #include <sys/random.h>
46 #include <sys/sbuf.h>
47 #include <sys/selinfo.h>
48 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
49 #include <sys/systm.h>
50 #include <sys/uio.h>
51 #include <sys/unistd.h>
52 
53 #include <crypto/rijndael/rijndael-api-fst.h>
54 #include <crypto/sha2/sha256.h>
55 
56 #include <dev/random/hash.h>
57 #include <dev/random/randomdev.h>
58 #include <dev/random/random_harvestq.h>
59 
60 #define	RANDOM_UNIT	0
61 
62 /*
63  * In loadable random, the core randomdev.c / random(9) routines have static
64  * visibility and an alternative name to avoid conflicting with the function
65  * pointers of the real names in the core kernel.  random_alg_context_init
66  * installs pointers to the loadable static names into the core kernel's
67  * function pointers at SI_SUB_RANDOM:SI_ORDER_SECOND.
68  */
69 #if defined(RANDOM_LOADABLE)
70 static int (read_random_uio)(struct uio *, bool);
71 static void (read_random)(void *, u_int);
72 static bool (is_random_seeded)(void);
73 #endif
74 
75 static d_read_t randomdev_read;
76 static d_write_t randomdev_write;
77 static d_poll_t randomdev_poll;
78 static d_ioctl_t randomdev_ioctl;
79 
80 static struct cdevsw random_cdevsw = {
81 	.d_name = "random",
82 	.d_version = D_VERSION,
83 	.d_read = randomdev_read,
84 	.d_write = randomdev_write,
85 	.d_poll = randomdev_poll,
86 	.d_ioctl = randomdev_ioctl,
87 };
88 
89 /* For use with make_dev(9)/destroy_dev(9). */
90 static struct cdev *random_dev;
91 
92 #if defined(RANDOM_LOADABLE)
93 static void
94 random_alg_context_init(void *dummy __unused)
95 {
96 	_read_random_uio = (read_random_uio);
97 	_read_random = (read_random);
98 	_is_random_seeded = (is_random_seeded);
99 }
100 SYSINIT(random_device, SI_SUB_RANDOM, SI_ORDER_SECOND, random_alg_context_init,
101     NULL);
102 #endif
103 
104 static struct selinfo rsel;
105 
106 /*
107  * This is the read uio(9) interface for random(4).
108  */
109 /* ARGSUSED */
110 static int
111 randomdev_read(struct cdev *dev __unused, struct uio *uio, int flags)
112 {
113 
114 	return ((read_random_uio)(uio, (flags & O_NONBLOCK) != 0));
115 }
116 
117 /*
118  * If the random device is not seeded, blocks until it is seeded.
119  *
120  * Returns zero when the random device is seeded.
121  *
122  * If the 'interruptible' parameter is true, and the device is unseeded, this
123  * routine may be interrupted.  If interrupted, it will return either ERESTART
124  * or EINTR.
125  */
126 #define SEEDWAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE		true
127 #define SEEDWAIT_UNINTERRUPTIBLE	false
128 static int
129 randomdev_wait_until_seeded(bool interruptible)
130 {
131 	int error, spamcount, slpflags;
132 
133 	slpflags = interruptible ? PCATCH : 0;
134 
135 	error = 0;
136 	spamcount = 0;
137 	while (!p_random_alg_context->ra_seeded()) {
138 		/* keep tapping away at the pre-read until we seed/unblock. */
139 		p_random_alg_context->ra_pre_read();
140 		/* Only bother the console every 10 seconds or so */
141 		if (spamcount == 0)
142 			printf("random: %s unblock wait\n", __func__);
143 		spamcount = (spamcount + 1) % 100;
144 		error = tsleep(p_random_alg_context, slpflags, "randseed",
145 		    hz / 10);
146 		if (error == ERESTART || error == EINTR) {
147 			KASSERT(interruptible,
148 			    ("unexpected wake of non-interruptible sleep"));
149 			break;
150 		}
151 		/* Squash tsleep timeout condition */
152 		if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
153 			error = 0;
154 		KASSERT(error == 0, ("unexpected tsleep error %d", error));
155 	}
156 	return (error);
157 }
158 
159 int
160 (read_random_uio)(struct uio *uio, bool nonblock)
161 {
162 	/* 16 MiB takes about 0.08 s CPU time on my 2017 AMD Zen CPU */
163 #define SIGCHK_PERIOD (16 * 1024 * 1024)
164 	const size_t sigchk_period = SIGCHK_PERIOD;
165 	CTASSERT(SIGCHK_PERIOD % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
166 #undef SIGCHK_PERIOD
167 
168 	uint8_t *random_buf;
169 	size_t total_read, read_len;
170 	ssize_t bufsize;
171 	int error;
172 
173 
174 	KASSERT(uio->uio_rw == UIO_READ, ("%s: bogus write", __func__));
175 	KASSERT(uio->uio_resid >= 0, ("%s: bogus negative resid", __func__));
176 
177 	p_random_alg_context->ra_pre_read();
178 	error = 0;
179 	/* (Un)Blocking logic */
180 	if (!p_random_alg_context->ra_seeded()) {
181 		if (nonblock)
182 			error = EWOULDBLOCK;
183 		else
184 			error = randomdev_wait_until_seeded(
185 			    SEEDWAIT_INTERRUPTIBLE);
186 	}
187 	if (error != 0)
188 		return (error);
189 
190 	read_rate_increment(howmany(uio->uio_resid + 1, sizeof(uint32_t)));
191 	total_read = 0;
192 
193 	/* Easy to deal with the trivial 0 byte case. */
194 	if (__predict_false(uio->uio_resid == 0))
195 		return (0);
196 
197 	/*
198 	 * If memory is plentiful, use maximally sized requests to avoid
199 	 * per-call algorithm overhead.  But fall back to a single page
200 	 * allocation if the full request isn't immediately available.
201 	 */
202 	bufsize = MIN(sigchk_period, (size_t)uio->uio_resid);
203 	random_buf = malloc(bufsize, M_ENTROPY, M_NOWAIT);
204 	if (random_buf == NULL) {
205 		bufsize = PAGE_SIZE;
206 		random_buf = malloc(bufsize, M_ENTROPY, M_WAITOK);
207 	}
208 
209 	error = 0;
210 	while (uio->uio_resid > 0 && error == 0) {
211 		read_len = MIN((size_t)uio->uio_resid, bufsize);
212 
213 		p_random_alg_context->ra_read(random_buf, read_len);
214 
215 		/*
216 		 * uiomove() may yield the CPU before each 'read_len' bytes (up
217 		 * to bufsize) are copied out.
218 		 */
219 		error = uiomove(random_buf, read_len, uio);
220 		total_read += read_len;
221 
222 		/*
223 		 * Poll for signals every few MBs to avoid very long
224 		 * uninterruptible syscalls.
225 		 */
226 		if (error == 0 && uio->uio_resid != 0 &&
227 		    total_read % sigchk_period == 0) {
228 			error = tsleep_sbt(p_random_alg_context, PCATCH,
229 			    "randrd", SBT_1NS, 0, C_HARDCLOCK);
230 			/* Squash tsleep timeout condition */
231 			if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
232 				error = 0;
233 		}
234 	}
235 
236 	/*
237 	 * Short reads due to signal interrupt should not indicate error.
238 	 * Instead, the uio will reflect that the read was shorter than
239 	 * requested.
240 	 */
241 	if (error == ERESTART || error == EINTR)
242 		error = 0;
243 
244 	explicit_bzero(random_buf, bufsize);
245 	free(random_buf, M_ENTROPY);
246 	return (error);
247 }
248 
249 /*-
250  * Kernel API version of read_random().  This is similar to read_random_uio(),
251  * except it doesn't interface with uio(9).  It cannot assumed that random_buf
252  * is a multiple of RANDOM_BLOCKSIZE bytes.
253  *
254  * If the tunable 'kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding' is set
255  * non-zero, silently fail to emit random data (matching the pre-r346250
256  * behavior).  If read_random is called prior to seeding and bypassed because
257  * of this tunable, the condition is reported in the read-only sysctl
258  * 'kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding'.
259  */
260 void
261 (read_random)(void *random_buf, u_int len)
262 {
263 
264 	KASSERT(random_buf != NULL, ("No suitable random buffer in %s", __func__));
265 	p_random_alg_context->ra_pre_read();
266 
267 	if (len == 0)
268 		return;
269 
270 	/* (Un)Blocking logic */
271 	if (__predict_false(!p_random_alg_context->ra_seeded())) {
272 		if (random_bypass_before_seeding) {
273 			if (!read_random_bypassed_before_seeding) {
274 				if (!random_bypass_disable_warnings)
275 					printf("read_random: WARNING: bypassing"
276 					    " request for random data because "
277 					    "the random device is not yet "
278 					    "seeded and the knob "
279 					    "'bypass_before_seeding' was "
280 					    "enabled.\n");
281 				read_random_bypassed_before_seeding = true;
282 			}
283 			/* Avoid potentially leaking stack garbage */
284 			memset(random_buf, 0, len);
285 			return;
286 		}
287 
288 		(void)randomdev_wait_until_seeded(SEEDWAIT_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
289 	}
290 	read_rate_increment(roundup2(len, sizeof(uint32_t)));
291 	p_random_alg_context->ra_read(random_buf, len);
292 }
293 
294 bool
295 (is_random_seeded)(void)
296 {
297 	return (p_random_alg_context->ra_seeded());
298 }
299 
300 static __inline void
301 randomdev_accumulate(uint8_t *buf, u_int count)
302 {
303 	static u_int destination = 0;
304 	static struct harvest_event event;
305 	static struct randomdev_hash hash;
306 	static uint32_t entropy_data[RANDOM_KEYSIZE_WORDS];
307 	uint32_t timestamp;
308 	int i;
309 
310 	/* Extra timing here is helpful to scrape scheduler jitter entropy */
311 	randomdev_hash_init(&hash);
312 	timestamp = (uint32_t)get_cyclecount();
313 	randomdev_hash_iterate(&hash, &timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
314 	randomdev_hash_iterate(&hash, buf, count);
315 	timestamp = (uint32_t)get_cyclecount();
316 	randomdev_hash_iterate(&hash, &timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
317 	randomdev_hash_finish(&hash, entropy_data);
318 	for (i = 0; i < RANDOM_KEYSIZE_WORDS; i += sizeof(event.he_entropy)/sizeof(event.he_entropy[0])) {
319 		event.he_somecounter = (uint32_t)get_cyclecount();
320 		event.he_size = sizeof(event.he_entropy);
321 		event.he_source = RANDOM_CACHED;
322 		event.he_destination = destination++; /* Harmless cheating */
323 		memcpy(event.he_entropy, entropy_data + i, sizeof(event.he_entropy));
324 		p_random_alg_context->ra_event_processor(&event);
325 	}
326 	explicit_bzero(&event, sizeof(event));
327 	explicit_bzero(entropy_data, sizeof(entropy_data));
328 }
329 
330 /* ARGSUSED */
331 static int
332 randomdev_write(struct cdev *dev __unused, struct uio *uio, int flags __unused)
333 {
334 	uint8_t *random_buf;
335 	int c, error = 0;
336 	ssize_t nbytes;
337 
338 	random_buf = malloc(PAGE_SIZE, M_ENTROPY, M_WAITOK);
339 	nbytes = uio->uio_resid;
340 	while (uio->uio_resid > 0 && error == 0) {
341 		c = MIN(uio->uio_resid, PAGE_SIZE);
342 		error = uiomove(random_buf, c, uio);
343 		if (error)
344 			break;
345 		randomdev_accumulate(random_buf, c);
346 		tsleep(p_random_alg_context, 0, "randwr", hz/10);
347 	}
348 	if (nbytes != uio->uio_resid && (error == ERESTART || error == EINTR))
349 		/* Partial write, not error. */
350 		error = 0;
351 	free(random_buf, M_ENTROPY);
352 	return (error);
353 }
354 
355 /* ARGSUSED */
356 static int
357 randomdev_poll(struct cdev *dev __unused, int events, struct thread *td __unused)
358 {
359 
360 	if (events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM)) {
361 		if (p_random_alg_context->ra_seeded())
362 			events &= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM);
363 		else
364 			selrecord(td, &rsel);
365 	}
366 	return (events);
367 }
368 
369 /* This will be called by the entropy processor when it seeds itself and becomes secure */
370 void
371 randomdev_unblock(void)
372 {
373 
374 	selwakeuppri(&rsel, PUSER);
375 	wakeup(p_random_alg_context);
376 	printf("random: unblocking device.\n");
377 	/* Do random(9) a favour while we are about it. */
378 	(void)atomic_cmpset_int(&arc4rand_iniseed_state, ARC4_ENTR_NONE, ARC4_ENTR_HAVE);
379 }
380 
381 /* ARGSUSED */
382 static int
383 randomdev_ioctl(struct cdev *dev __unused, u_long cmd, caddr_t addr __unused,
384     int flags __unused, struct thread *td __unused)
385 {
386 	int error = 0;
387 
388 	switch (cmd) {
389 		/* Really handled in upper layer */
390 	case FIOASYNC:
391 	case FIONBIO:
392 		break;
393 	default:
394 		error = ENOTTY;
395 	}
396 
397 	return (error);
398 }
399 
400 /* ARGSUSED */
401 static int
402 randomdev_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
403 {
404 	int error = 0;
405 
406 	switch (type) {
407 	case MOD_LOAD:
408 		printf("random: entropy device external interface\n");
409 		random_dev = make_dev_credf(MAKEDEV_ETERNAL_KLD, &random_cdevsw,
410 		    RANDOM_UNIT, NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0644, "random");
411 		make_dev_alias(random_dev, "urandom"); /* compatibility */
412 		break;
413 	case MOD_UNLOAD:
414 		error = EBUSY;
415 		break;
416 	case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
417 		break;
418 	default:
419 		error = EOPNOTSUPP;
420 		break;
421 	}
422 	return (error);
423 }
424 
425 static moduledata_t randomdev_mod = {
426 	"random_device",
427 	randomdev_modevent,
428 	0
429 };
430 
431 DECLARE_MODULE(random_device, randomdev_mod, SI_SUB_DRIVERS, SI_ORDER_FIRST);
432 MODULE_VERSION(random_device, 1);
433 MODULE_DEPEND(random_device, crypto, 1, 1, 1);
434 MODULE_DEPEND(random_device, random_harvestq, 1, 1, 1);
435