xref: /freebsd/sys/dev/mmc/mmcsd.c (revision 7d8f797b725e3efc0a4256554654780df83c456c)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2006 Bernd Walter.  All rights reserved.
3  * Copyright (c) 2006 M. Warner Losh.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  *
25  * Portions of this software may have been developed with reference to
26  * the SD Simplified Specification.  The following disclaimer may apply:
27  *
28  * The following conditions apply to the release of the simplified
29  * specification ("Simplified Specification") by the SD Card Association and
30  * the SD Group. The Simplified Specification is a subset of the complete SD
31  * Specification which is owned by the SD Card Association and the SD
32  * Group. This Simplified Specification is provided on a non-confidential
33  * basis subject to the disclaimers below. Any implementation of the
34  * Simplified Specification may require a license from the SD Card
35  * Association, SD Group, SD-3C LLC or other third parties.
36  *
37  * Disclaimers:
38  *
39  * The information contained in the Simplified Specification is presented only
40  * as a standard specification for SD Cards and SD Host/Ancillary products and
41  * is provided "AS-IS" without any representations or warranties of any
42  * kind. No responsibility is assumed by the SD Group, SD-3C LLC or the SD
43  * Card Association for any damages, any infringements of patents or other
44  * right of the SD Group, SD-3C LLC, the SD Card Association or any third
45  * parties, which may result from its use. No license is granted by
46  * implication, estoppel or otherwise under any patent or other rights of the
47  * SD Group, SD-3C LLC, the SD Card Association or any third party. Nothing
48  * herein shall be construed as an obligation by the SD Group, the SD-3C LLC
49  * or the SD Card Association to disclose or distribute any technical
50  * information, know-how or other confidential information to any third party.
51  */
52 
53 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
54 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
55 
56 #include <sys/param.h>
57 #include <sys/systm.h>
58 #include <sys/bio.h>
59 #include <sys/bus.h>
60 #include <sys/conf.h>
61 #include <sys/kernel.h>
62 #include <sys/kthread.h>
63 #include <sys/lock.h>
64 #include <sys/malloc.h>
65 #include <sys/module.h>
66 #include <sys/mutex.h>
67 #include <sys/time.h>
68 #include <geom/geom_disk.h>
69 
70 #include <dev/mmc/mmcbrvar.h>
71 #include <dev/mmc/mmcreg.h>
72 #include <dev/mmc/mmcvar.h>
73 
74 #include "mmcbus_if.h"
75 
76 #if __FreeBSD_version < 800002
77 #define	kproc_create	kthread_create
78 #define	kproc_exit	kthread_exit
79 #endif
80 
81 struct mmcsd_softc {
82 	device_t dev;
83 	struct mtx sc_mtx;
84 	struct disk *disk;
85 	struct proc *p;
86 	struct bio_queue_head bio_queue;
87 	daddr_t eblock, eend;	/* Range remaining after the last erase. */
88 	int running;
89 	int suspend;
90 	int log_count;
91 	struct timeval log_time;
92 };
93 
94 static const char *errmsg[] =
95 {
96 	"None",
97 	"Timeout",
98 	"Bad CRC",
99 	"Fifo",
100 	"Failed",
101 	"Invalid",
102 	"NO MEMORY"
103 };
104 
105 #define	LOG_PPS		5 /* Log no more than 5 errors per second. */
106 
107 /* bus entry points */
108 static int mmcsd_attach(device_t dev);
109 static int mmcsd_detach(device_t dev);
110 static int mmcsd_probe(device_t dev);
111 
112 /* disk routines */
113 static int mmcsd_close(struct disk *dp);
114 static int mmcsd_dump(void *arg, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
115 	off_t offset, size_t length);
116 static int mmcsd_open(struct disk *dp);
117 static void mmcsd_strategy(struct bio *bp);
118 static void mmcsd_task(void *arg);
119 
120 static int mmcsd_bus_bit_width(device_t dev);
121 static daddr_t mmcsd_delete(struct mmcsd_softc *sc, struct bio *bp);
122 static daddr_t mmcsd_rw(struct mmcsd_softc *sc, struct bio *bp);
123 
124 #define MMCSD_LOCK(_sc)		mtx_lock(&(_sc)->sc_mtx)
125 #define	MMCSD_UNLOCK(_sc)	mtx_unlock(&(_sc)->sc_mtx)
126 #define MMCSD_LOCK_INIT(_sc) \
127 	mtx_init(&_sc->sc_mtx, device_get_nameunit(_sc->dev), \
128 	    "mmcsd", MTX_DEF)
129 #define MMCSD_LOCK_DESTROY(_sc)	mtx_destroy(&_sc->sc_mtx);
130 #define MMCSD_ASSERT_LOCKED(_sc) mtx_assert(&_sc->sc_mtx, MA_OWNED);
131 #define MMCSD_ASSERT_UNLOCKED(_sc) mtx_assert(&_sc->sc_mtx, MA_NOTOWNED);
132 
133 static int
134 mmcsd_probe(device_t dev)
135 {
136 
137 	device_quiet(dev);
138 	device_set_desc(dev, "MMC/SD Memory Card");
139 	return (0);
140 }
141 
142 static int
143 mmcsd_attach(device_t dev)
144 {
145 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc;
146 	struct disk *d;
147 	intmax_t mb;
148 	uint32_t speed;
149 	uint32_t maxblocks;
150 	char unit;
151 
152 	sc = device_get_softc(dev);
153 	sc->dev = dev;
154 	MMCSD_LOCK_INIT(sc);
155 
156 	d = sc->disk = disk_alloc();
157 	d->d_open = mmcsd_open;
158 	d->d_close = mmcsd_close;
159 	d->d_strategy = mmcsd_strategy;
160 	d->d_dump = mmcsd_dump;
161 	d->d_name = "mmcsd";
162 	d->d_drv1 = sc;
163 	d->d_sectorsize = mmc_get_sector_size(dev);
164 	d->d_maxsize = mmc_get_max_data(dev) * d->d_sectorsize;
165 	d->d_mediasize = (off_t)mmc_get_media_size(dev) * d->d_sectorsize;
166 	d->d_stripesize = mmc_get_erase_sector(dev) * d->d_sectorsize;
167 	d->d_unit = device_get_unit(dev);
168 	d->d_flags = DISKFLAG_CANDELETE;
169 	d->d_delmaxsize = mmc_get_erase_sector(dev) * d->d_sectorsize;
170 	strlcpy(d->d_ident, mmc_get_card_sn_string(dev), sizeof(d->d_ident));
171 	strlcpy(d->d_descr, mmc_get_card_id_string(dev), sizeof(d->d_descr));
172 
173 	/*
174 	 * Display in most natural units.  There's no cards < 1MB.  The SD
175 	 * standard goes to 2GiB due to its reliance on FAT, but the data
176 	 * format supports up to 4GiB and some card makers push it up to this
177 	 * limit.  The SDHC standard only goes to 32GiB due to FAT32, but the
178 	 * data format supports up to 2TiB however. 2048GB isn't too ugly, so
179 	 * we note it in passing here and don't add the code to print
180 	 * TB). Since these cards are sold in terms of MB and GB not MiB and
181 	 * GiB, report them like that. We also round to the nearest unit, since
182 	 * many cards are a few percent short, even of the power of 10 size.
183 	 */
184 	mb = (d->d_mediasize + 1000000 / 2 - 1) / 1000000;
185 	unit = 'M';
186 	if (mb >= 1000) {
187 		unit = 'G';
188 		mb = (mb + 1000 / 2 - 1) / 1000;
189 	}
190 	/*
191 	 * Report the clock speed of the underlying hardware, which might be
192 	 * different than what the card reports due to hardware limitations.
193 	 * Report how many blocks the hardware transfers at once.
194 	 */
195 	speed = mmcbr_get_clock(device_get_parent(dev));
196 	maxblocks = mmc_get_max_data(dev);
197 	device_printf(dev, "%ju%cB <%s>%s at %s %d.%01dMHz/%dbit/%d-block\n",
198 	    mb, unit, d->d_descr,
199 	    mmc_get_read_only(dev) ? " (read-only)" : "",
200 	    device_get_nameunit(device_get_parent(dev)),
201 	    speed / 1000000, (speed / 100000) % 10,
202 	    mmcsd_bus_bit_width(dev), maxblocks);
203 	disk_create(d, DISK_VERSION);
204 	bioq_init(&sc->bio_queue);
205 
206 	sc->running = 1;
207 	sc->suspend = 0;
208 	sc->eblock = sc->eend = 0;
209 	kproc_create(&mmcsd_task, sc, &sc->p, 0, 0, "%s: mmc/sd card",
210 	    device_get_nameunit(dev));
211 
212 	return (0);
213 }
214 
215 static int
216 mmcsd_detach(device_t dev)
217 {
218 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
219 
220 	MMCSD_LOCK(sc);
221 	sc->suspend = 0;
222 	if (sc->running > 0) {
223 		/* kill thread */
224 		sc->running = 0;
225 		wakeup(sc);
226 		/* wait for thread to finish. */
227 		while (sc->running != -1)
228 			msleep(sc, &sc->sc_mtx, 0, "detach", 0);
229 	}
230 	MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
231 
232 	/* Flush the request queue. */
233 	bioq_flush(&sc->bio_queue, NULL, ENXIO);
234 	/* kill disk */
235 	disk_destroy(sc->disk);
236 
237 	MMCSD_LOCK_DESTROY(sc);
238 
239 	return (0);
240 }
241 
242 static int
243 mmcsd_suspend(device_t dev)
244 {
245 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
246 
247 	MMCSD_LOCK(sc);
248 	sc->suspend = 1;
249 	if (sc->running > 0) {
250 		/* kill thread */
251 		sc->running = 0;
252 		wakeup(sc);
253 		/* wait for thread to finish. */
254 		while (sc->running != -1)
255 			msleep(sc, &sc->sc_mtx, 0, "detach", 0);
256 	}
257 	MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
258 	return (0);
259 }
260 
261 static int
262 mmcsd_resume(device_t dev)
263 {
264 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
265 
266 	MMCSD_LOCK(sc);
267 	sc->suspend = 0;
268 	if (sc->running <= 0) {
269 		sc->running = 1;
270 		MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
271 		kproc_create(&mmcsd_task, sc, &sc->p, 0, 0, "%s: mmc/sd card",
272 		    device_get_nameunit(dev));
273 	} else
274 		MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
275 	return (0);
276 }
277 
278 static int
279 mmcsd_open(struct disk *dp)
280 {
281 
282 	return (0);
283 }
284 
285 static int
286 mmcsd_close(struct disk *dp)
287 {
288 
289 	return (0);
290 }
291 
292 static void
293 mmcsd_strategy(struct bio *bp)
294 {
295 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc;
296 
297 	sc = (struct mmcsd_softc *)bp->bio_disk->d_drv1;
298 	MMCSD_LOCK(sc);
299 	if (sc->running > 0 || sc->suspend > 0) {
300 		bioq_disksort(&sc->bio_queue, bp);
301 		MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
302 		wakeup(sc);
303 	} else {
304 		MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
305 		biofinish(bp, NULL, ENXIO);
306 	}
307 }
308 
309 static const char *
310 mmcsd_errmsg(int e)
311 {
312 	if (e < 0 || e > MMC_ERR_MAX)
313 		return "Bad error code";
314 	return errmsg[e];
315 }
316 
317 static daddr_t
318 mmcsd_rw(struct mmcsd_softc *sc, struct bio *bp)
319 {
320 	daddr_t block, end;
321 	struct mmc_command cmd;
322 	struct mmc_command stop;
323 	struct mmc_request req;
324 	struct mmc_data data;
325 	device_t dev = sc->dev;
326 	int sz = sc->disk->d_sectorsize;
327 	device_t mmcbr = device_get_parent(dev);
328 
329 	block = bp->bio_pblkno;
330 	end = bp->bio_pblkno + (bp->bio_bcount / sz);
331 	while (block < end) {
332 		char *vaddr = bp->bio_data +
333 		    (block - bp->bio_pblkno) * sz;
334 		int numblocks = min(end - block, mmc_get_max_data(dev));
335 		memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
336     		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
337 		memset(&stop, 0, sizeof(stop));
338 		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
339 		cmd.mrq = &req;
340 		req.cmd = &cmd;
341 		cmd.data = &data;
342 		if (bp->bio_cmd == BIO_READ) {
343 			if (numblocks > 1)
344 				cmd.opcode = MMC_READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK;
345 			else
346 				cmd.opcode = MMC_READ_SINGLE_BLOCK;
347 		} else {
348 			if (numblocks > 1)
349 				cmd.opcode = MMC_WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK;
350 			else
351 				cmd.opcode = MMC_WRITE_BLOCK;
352 		}
353 		cmd.arg = block;
354 		if (!mmc_get_high_cap(dev))
355 			cmd.arg <<= 9;
356 		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
357 		data.data = vaddr;
358 		data.mrq = &req;
359 		if (bp->bio_cmd == BIO_READ)
360 			data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;
361 		else
362 			data.flags = MMC_DATA_WRITE;
363 		data.len = numblocks * sz;
364 		if (numblocks > 1) {
365 			data.flags |= MMC_DATA_MULTI;
366 			stop.opcode = MMC_STOP_TRANSMISSION;
367 			stop.arg = 0;
368 			stop.flags = MMC_RSP_R1B | MMC_CMD_AC;
369 			stop.mrq = &req;
370 			req.stop = &stop;
371 		}
372 		MMCBUS_WAIT_FOR_REQUEST(mmcbr, dev, &req);
373 		if (req.cmd->error != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
374 			if (ppsratecheck(&sc->log_time, &sc->log_count, LOG_PPS)) {
375 				device_printf(dev, "Error indicated: %d %s\n",
376 				    req.cmd->error, mmcsd_errmsg(req.cmd->error));
377 			}
378 			break;
379 		}
380 		block += numblocks;
381 	}
382 	return (block);
383 }
384 
385 static daddr_t
386 mmcsd_delete(struct mmcsd_softc *sc, struct bio *bp)
387 {
388 	daddr_t block, end, start, stop;
389 	struct mmc_command cmd;
390 	struct mmc_request req;
391 	device_t dev = sc->dev;
392 	int sz = sc->disk->d_sectorsize;
393 	int erase_sector;
394 	device_t mmcbr = device_get_parent(dev);
395 
396 	block = bp->bio_pblkno;
397 	end = bp->bio_pblkno + (bp->bio_bcount / sz);
398 	/* Coalesce with part remaining from previous request. */
399 	if (block > sc->eblock && block <= sc->eend)
400 		block = sc->eblock;
401 	if (end >= sc->eblock && end < sc->eend)
402 		end = sc->eend;
403 	/* Safe round to the erase sector boundaries. */
404 	erase_sector = mmc_get_erase_sector(dev);
405 	start = block + erase_sector - 1;	 /* Round up. */
406 	start -= start % erase_sector;
407 	stop = end;				/* Round down. */
408 	stop -= end % erase_sector;
409 	/* We can't erase area smaller then sector, store it for later. */
410 	if (start >= stop) {
411 		sc->eblock = block;
412 		sc->eend = end;
413 		return (end);
414 	}
415 
416 	/* Set erase start position. */
417 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
418 	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
419 	cmd.mrq = &req;
420 	req.cmd = &cmd;
421 	if (mmc_get_card_type(dev) == mode_sd)
422 		cmd.opcode = SD_ERASE_WR_BLK_START;
423 	else
424 		cmd.opcode = MMC_ERASE_GROUP_START;
425 	cmd.arg = start;
426 	if (!mmc_get_high_cap(dev))
427 		cmd.arg <<= 9;
428 	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
429 	MMCBUS_WAIT_FOR_REQUEST(mmcbr, dev, &req);
430 	if (req.cmd->error != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
431 	    printf("erase err1: %d\n", req.cmd->error);
432 	    return (block);
433 	}
434 	/* Set erase stop position. */
435 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
436 	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
437 	req.cmd = &cmd;
438 	if (mmc_get_card_type(dev) == mode_sd)
439 		cmd.opcode = SD_ERASE_WR_BLK_END;
440 	else
441 		cmd.opcode = MMC_ERASE_GROUP_END;
442 	cmd.arg = stop;
443 	if (!mmc_get_high_cap(dev))
444 		cmd.arg <<= 9;
445 	cmd.arg--;
446 	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
447 	MMCBUS_WAIT_FOR_REQUEST(mmcbr, dev, &req);
448 	if (req.cmd->error != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
449 	    printf("erase err2: %d\n", req.cmd->error);
450 	    return (block);
451 	}
452 	/* Erase range. */
453 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
454 	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
455 	req.cmd = &cmd;
456 	cmd.opcode = MMC_ERASE;
457 	cmd.arg = 0;
458 	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1B | MMC_CMD_AC;
459 	MMCBUS_WAIT_FOR_REQUEST(mmcbr, dev, &req);
460 	if (req.cmd->error != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
461 	    printf("erase err3 %d\n", req.cmd->error);
462 	    return (block);
463 	}
464 	/* Store one of remaining parts for the next call. */
465 	if (bp->bio_pblkno >= sc->eblock || block == start) {
466 		sc->eblock = stop;	/* Predict next forward. */
467 		sc->eend = end;
468 	} else {
469 		sc->eblock = block;	/* Predict next backward. */
470 		sc->eend = start;
471 	}
472 	return (end);
473 }
474 
475 static int
476 mmcsd_dump(void *arg, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
477 	off_t offset, size_t length)
478 {
479 	struct disk *disk = arg;
480 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc = (struct mmcsd_softc *)disk->d_drv1;
481 	device_t dev = sc->dev;
482 	struct bio bp;
483 	daddr_t block, end;
484 	device_t mmcbr = device_get_parent(dev);
485 
486 	/* length zero is special and really means flush buffers to media */
487 	if (!length)
488 		return (0);
489 
490 	bzero(&bp, sizeof(struct bio));
491 	bp.bio_disk = disk;
492 	bp.bio_pblkno = offset / disk->d_sectorsize;
493 	bp.bio_bcount = length;
494 	bp.bio_data = virtual;
495 	bp.bio_cmd = BIO_WRITE;
496 	end = bp.bio_pblkno + bp.bio_bcount / sc->disk->d_sectorsize;
497 	MMCBUS_ACQUIRE_BUS(mmcbr, dev);
498 	block = mmcsd_rw(sc, &bp);
499 	MMCBUS_RELEASE_BUS(mmcbr, dev);
500 	return ((end < block) ? EIO : 0);
501 }
502 
503 static void
504 mmcsd_task(void *arg)
505 {
506 	struct mmcsd_softc *sc = (struct mmcsd_softc*)arg;
507 	struct bio *bp;
508 	int sz;
509 	daddr_t block, end;
510 	device_t dev = sc->dev;
511 	device_t mmcbr = device_get_parent(sc->dev);
512 
513 	while (1) {
514 		MMCSD_LOCK(sc);
515 		do {
516 			if (sc->running == 0)
517 				goto out;
518 			bp = bioq_takefirst(&sc->bio_queue);
519 			if (bp == NULL)
520 				msleep(sc, &sc->sc_mtx, PRIBIO, "jobqueue", 0);
521 		} while (bp == NULL);
522 		MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
523 		if (bp->bio_cmd != BIO_READ && mmc_get_read_only(dev)) {
524 			bp->bio_error = EROFS;
525 			bp->bio_resid = bp->bio_bcount;
526 			bp->bio_flags |= BIO_ERROR;
527 			biodone(bp);
528 			continue;
529 		}
530 		MMCBUS_ACQUIRE_BUS(mmcbr, dev);
531 		sz = sc->disk->d_sectorsize;
532 		block = bp->bio_pblkno;
533 		end = bp->bio_pblkno + (bp->bio_bcount / sz);
534 		if (bp->bio_cmd == BIO_READ || bp->bio_cmd == BIO_WRITE) {
535 			/* Access to the remaining erase block obsoletes it. */
536 			if (block < sc->eend && end > sc->eblock)
537 				sc->eblock = sc->eend = 0;
538 			block = mmcsd_rw(sc, bp);
539 		} else if (bp->bio_cmd == BIO_DELETE) {
540 			block = mmcsd_delete(sc, bp);
541 		}
542 		MMCBUS_RELEASE_BUS(mmcbr, dev);
543 		if (block < end) {
544 			bp->bio_error = EIO;
545 			bp->bio_resid = (end - block) * sz;
546 			bp->bio_flags |= BIO_ERROR;
547 		}
548 		biodone(bp);
549 	}
550 out:
551 	/* tell parent we're done */
552 	sc->running = -1;
553 	MMCSD_UNLOCK(sc);
554 	wakeup(sc);
555 
556 	kproc_exit(0);
557 }
558 
559 static int
560 mmcsd_bus_bit_width(device_t dev)
561 {
562 
563 	if (mmc_get_bus_width(dev) == bus_width_1)
564 		return (1);
565 	if (mmc_get_bus_width(dev) == bus_width_4)
566 		return (4);
567 	return (8);
568 }
569 
570 static device_method_t mmcsd_methods[] = {
571 	DEVMETHOD(device_probe, mmcsd_probe),
572 	DEVMETHOD(device_attach, mmcsd_attach),
573 	DEVMETHOD(device_detach, mmcsd_detach),
574 	DEVMETHOD(device_suspend, mmcsd_suspend),
575 	DEVMETHOD(device_resume, mmcsd_resume),
576 	DEVMETHOD_END
577 };
578 
579 static driver_t mmcsd_driver = {
580 	"mmcsd",
581 	mmcsd_methods,
582 	sizeof(struct mmcsd_softc),
583 };
584 static devclass_t mmcsd_devclass;
585 
586 DRIVER_MODULE(mmcsd, mmc, mmcsd_driver, mmcsd_devclass, NULL, NULL);
587