xref: /freebsd/sys/dev/mmc/mmc.c (revision 18250ec6c089c0c50cbd9fd87d78e03ff89916df)

/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Bernd Walter.  All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2006 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Marius Strobl <marius@FreeBSD.org>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Portions of this software may have been developed with reference to
 * the SD Simplified Specification.  The following disclaimer may apply:
 *
 * The following conditions apply to the release of the simplified
 * specification ("Simplified Specification") by the SD Card Association and
 * the SD Group. The Simplified Specification is a subset of the complete SD
 * Specification which is owned by the SD Card Association and the SD
 * Group. This Simplified Specification is provided on a non-confidential
 * basis subject to the disclaimers below. Any implementation of the
 * Simplified Specification may require a license from the SD Card
 * Association, SD Group, SD-3C LLC or other third parties.
 *
 * Disclaimers:
 *
 * The information contained in the Simplified Specification is presented only
 * as a standard specification for SD Cards and SD Host/Ancillary products and
 * is provided "AS-IS" without any representations or warranties of any
 * kind. No responsibility is assumed by the SD Group, SD-3C LLC or the SD
 * Card Association for any damages, any infringements of patents or other
 * right of the SD Group, SD-3C LLC, the SD Card Association or any third
 * parties, which may result from its use. No license is granted by
 * implication, estoppel or otherwise under any patent or other rights of the
 * SD Group, SD-3C LLC, the SD Card Association or any third party. Nothing
 * herein shall be construed as an obligation by the SD Group, the SD-3C LLC
 * or the SD Card Association to disclose or distribute any technical
 * information, know-how or other confidential information to any third party.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/endian.h>
#include <sys/sbuf.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include <dev/mmc/bridge.h>
#include <dev/mmc/mmc_private.h>
#include <dev/mmc/mmc_subr.h>
#include <dev/mmc/mmcreg.h>
#include <dev/mmc/mmcbrvar.h>
#include <dev/mmc/mmcvar.h>

#include "mmcbr_if.h"
#include "mmcbus_if.h"

CTASSERT(bus_timing_max <= sizeof(uint32_t) * NBBY);

/*
 * Per-card data
 */
struct mmc_ivars {
	uint32_t raw_cid[4];	/* Raw bits of the CID */
	uint32_t raw_csd[4];	/* Raw bits of the CSD */
	uint32_t raw_scr[2];	/* Raw bits of the SCR */
	uint8_t raw_ext_csd[MMC_EXTCSD_SIZE]; /* Raw bits of the EXT_CSD */
	uint32_t raw_sd_status[16];	/* Raw bits of the SD_STATUS */
	uint16_t rca;
	u_char read_only;	/* True when the device is read-only */
	u_char high_cap;	/* High Capacity device (block addressed) */
	enum mmc_card_mode mode;
	enum mmc_bus_width bus_width;	/* Bus width to use */
	struct mmc_cid cid;	/* cid decoded */
	struct mmc_csd csd;	/* csd decoded */
	struct mmc_scr scr;	/* scr decoded */
	struct mmc_sd_status sd_status;	/* SD_STATUS decoded */
	uint32_t sec_count;	/* Card capacity in 512byte blocks */
	uint32_t timings;	/* Mask of bus timings supported */
	uint32_t vccq_120;	/* Mask of bus timings at VCCQ of 1.2 V */
	uint32_t vccq_180;	/* Mask of bus timings at VCCQ of 1.8 V */
	uint32_t tran_speed;	/* Max speed in normal mode */
	uint32_t hs_tran_speed;	/* Max speed in high speed mode */
	uint32_t erase_sector;	/* Card native erase sector size */
	uint32_t cmd6_time;	/* Generic switch timeout [us] */
	uint32_t quirks;	/* Quirks as per mmc_quirk->quirks */
	char card_id_string[64];/* Formatted CID info (serial, MFG, etc) */
	char card_sn_string[16];/* Formatted serial # for disk->d_ident */
};

#define	CMD_RETRIES	3

static const struct mmc_quirk mmc_quirks[] = {
	/*
	 * For some SanDisk iNAND devices, the CMD38 argument needs to be
	 * provided in EXT_CSD[113].
	 */
	{ 0x2, 0x100,	 		"SEM02G", MMC_QUIRK_INAND_CMD38 },
	{ 0x2, 0x100,			"SEM04G", MMC_QUIRK_INAND_CMD38 },
	{ 0x2, 0x100,			"SEM08G", MMC_QUIRK_INAND_CMD38 },
	{ 0x2, 0x100,			"SEM16G", MMC_QUIRK_INAND_CMD38 },
	{ 0x2, 0x100,			"SEM32G", MMC_QUIRK_INAND_CMD38 },

	/*
	 * Disable TRIM for Kingston eMMCs where a firmware bug can lead to
	 * unrecoverable data corruption.
	 */
	{ 0x70, MMC_QUIRK_OID_ANY,	"V10008", MMC_QUIRK_BROKEN_TRIM },
	{ 0x70, MMC_QUIRK_OID_ANY,	"V10016", MMC_QUIRK_BROKEN_TRIM },
	{ 0x0, 0x0, NULL, 0x0 }
};

static SYSCTL_NODE(_hw, OID_AUTO, mmc, CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL,
    "mmc driver");

static int mmc_debug;
SYSCTL_INT(_hw_mmc, OID_AUTO, debug, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &mmc_debug, 0,
    "Debug level");

/* bus entry points */
static int mmc_acquire_bus(device_t busdev, device_t dev);
static int mmc_attach(device_t dev);
static int mmc_child_location(device_t dev, device_t child, struct sbuf *sb);
static int mmc_detach(device_t dev);
static int mmc_probe(device_t dev);
static int mmc_read_ivar(device_t bus, device_t child, int which,
    uintptr_t *result);
static int mmc_release_bus(device_t busdev, device_t dev);
static int mmc_resume(device_t dev);
static void mmc_retune_pause(device_t busdev, device_t dev, bool retune);
static void mmc_retune_unpause(device_t busdev, device_t dev);
static int mmc_suspend(device_t dev);
static int mmc_wait_for_request(device_t busdev, device_t dev,
    struct mmc_request *req);
static int mmc_write_ivar(device_t bus, device_t child, int which,
    uintptr_t value);

#define	MMC_LOCK(_sc)		mtx_lock(&(_sc)->sc_mtx)
#define	MMC_UNLOCK(_sc)		mtx_unlock(&(_sc)->sc_mtx)
#define	MMC_LOCK_INIT(_sc)						\
	mtx_init(&(_sc)->sc_mtx, device_get_nameunit((_sc)->dev),	\
	    "mmc", MTX_DEF)
#define	MMC_LOCK_DESTROY(_sc)	mtx_destroy(&(_sc)->sc_mtx);
#define	MMC_ASSERT_LOCKED(_sc)	mtx_assert(&(_sc)->sc_mtx, MA_OWNED);
#define	MMC_ASSERT_UNLOCKED(_sc) mtx_assert(&(_sc)->sc_mtx, MA_NOTOWNED);

static int mmc_all_send_cid(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t *rawcid);
static void mmc_app_decode_scr(uint32_t *raw_scr, struct mmc_scr *scr);
static void mmc_app_decode_sd_status(uint32_t *raw_sd_status,
    struct mmc_sd_status *sd_status);
static int mmc_app_sd_status(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca,
    uint32_t *rawsdstatus);
static int mmc_app_send_scr(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca,
    uint32_t *rawscr);
static int mmc_calculate_clock(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static void mmc_decode_cid_mmc(uint32_t *raw_cid, struct mmc_cid *cid,
    bool is_4_41p);
static void mmc_decode_cid_sd(uint32_t *raw_cid, struct mmc_cid *cid);
static void mmc_decode_csd_mmc(uint32_t *raw_csd, struct mmc_csd *csd);
static int mmc_decode_csd_sd(uint32_t *raw_csd, struct mmc_csd *csd);
static void mmc_delayed_attach(void *xsc);
static int mmc_delete_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc, bool final);
static void mmc_discover_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static void mmc_format_card_id_string(struct mmc_ivars *ivar);
static void mmc_go_discovery(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static uint32_t mmc_get_bits(uint32_t *bits, int bit_len, int start,
    int size);
static int mmc_highest_voltage(uint32_t ocr);
static bool mmc_host_timing(device_t dev, enum mmc_bus_timing timing);
static void mmc_idle_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static void mmc_ms_delay(int ms);
static void mmc_log_card(device_t dev, struct mmc_ivars *ivar, int newcard);
static void mmc_power_down(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static void mmc_power_up(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static void mmc_rescan_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static int mmc_retune(device_t busdev, device_t dev, bool reset);
static void mmc_scan(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static int mmc_sd_switch(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint8_t mode, uint8_t grp,
    uint8_t value, uint8_t *res);
static int mmc_select_card(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca);
static uint32_t mmc_select_vdd(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t ocr);
static int mmc_send_app_op_cond(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t ocr,
    uint32_t *rocr);
static int mmc_send_csd(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca, uint32_t *rawcsd);
static int mmc_send_if_cond(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint8_t vhs);
static int mmc_send_op_cond(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t ocr,
    uint32_t *rocr);
static int mmc_send_relative_addr(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t *resp);
static int mmc_set_blocklen(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t len);
static int mmc_set_card_bus_width(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing);
static int mmc_set_power_class(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar);
static int mmc_set_relative_addr(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t resp);
static int mmc_set_timing(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing);
static int mmc_set_vccq(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing);
static int mmc_switch_to_hs200(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    uint32_t clock);
static int mmc_switch_to_hs400(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    uint32_t max_dtr, enum mmc_bus_timing max_timing);
static int mmc_test_bus_width(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static uint32_t mmc_timing_to_dtr(struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing);
static const char *mmc_timing_to_string(enum mmc_bus_timing timing);
static void mmc_update_child_list(struct mmc_softc *sc);
static int mmc_wait_for_command(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t opcode,
    uint32_t arg, uint32_t flags, uint32_t *resp, int retries);
static int mmc_wait_for_req(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_request *req);
static void mmc_wakeup(struct mmc_request *req);

static void
mmc_ms_delay(int ms)
{

	DELAY(1000 * ms);	/* XXX BAD */
}

static int
mmc_probe(device_t dev)
{

	device_set_desc(dev, "MMC/SD bus");
	return (0);
}

static int
mmc_attach(device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;

	sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	sc->dev = dev;
	MMC_LOCK_INIT(sc);

	/* We'll probe and attach our children later, but before / mount */
	sc->config_intrhook.ich_func = mmc_delayed_attach;
	sc->config_intrhook.ich_arg = sc;
	if (config_intrhook_establish(&sc->config_intrhook) != 0)
		device_printf(dev, "config_intrhook_establish failed\n");
	return (0);
}

static int
mmc_detach(device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	int err;

	config_intrhook_drain(&sc->config_intrhook);
	err = mmc_delete_cards(sc, true);
	if (err != 0)
		return (err);
	mmc_power_down(sc);
	MMC_LOCK_DESTROY(sc);

	return (0);
}

static int
mmc_suspend(device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
	int err;

	err = bus_generic_suspend(dev);
	if (err != 0)
		return (err);
	/*
	 * We power down with the bus acquired here, mainly so that no device
	 * is selected any longer and sc->last_rca gets set to 0.  Otherwise,
	 * the deselect as part of the bus acquisition in mmc_scan() may fail
	 * during resume, as the bus isn't powered up again before later in
	 * mmc_go_discovery().
	 */
	err = mmc_acquire_bus(dev, dev);
	if (err != 0)
		return (err);
	mmc_power_down(sc);
	err = mmc_release_bus(dev, dev);
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_resume(device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);

	mmc_scan(sc);
	return (bus_generic_resume(dev));
}

static int
mmc_acquire_bus(device_t busdev, device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar;
	int err;
	uint16_t rca;
	enum mmc_bus_timing timing;

	err = MMCBR_ACQUIRE_HOST(device_get_parent(busdev), busdev);
	if (err)
		return (err);
	sc = device_get_softc(busdev);
	MMC_LOCK(sc);
	if (sc->owner)
		panic("mmc: host bridge didn't serialize us.");
	sc->owner = dev;
	MMC_UNLOCK(sc);

	if (busdev != dev) {
		/*
		 * Keep track of the last rca that we've selected.  If
		 * we're asked to do it again, don't.  We never
		 * unselect unless the bus code itself wants the mmc
		 * bus, and constantly reselecting causes problems.
		 */
		ivar = device_get_ivars(dev);
		rca = ivar->rca;
		if (sc->last_rca != rca) {
			if (mmc_select_card(sc, rca) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(busdev, "Card at relative "
				    "address %d failed to select\n", rca);
				return (ENXIO);
			}
			sc->last_rca = rca;
			timing = mmcbr_get_timing(busdev);
			/*
			 * For eMMC modes, setting/updating bus width and VCCQ
			 * only really is necessary if there actually is more
			 * than one device on the bus as generally that already
			 * had to be done by mmc_calculate_clock() or one of
			 * its calees.  Moreover, setting the bus width anew
			 * can trigger re-tuning (via a CRC error on the next
			 * CMD), even if not switching between devices an the
			 * previously selected one is still tuned.  Obviously,
			 * we need to re-tune the host controller if devices
			 * are actually switched, though.
			 */
			if (timing >= bus_timing_mmc_ddr52 &&
			    sc->child_count == 1)
				return (0);
			/* Prepare bus width for the new card. */
			if (bootverbose || mmc_debug) {
				device_printf(busdev,
				    "setting bus width to %d bits %s timing\n",
				    (ivar->bus_width == bus_width_4) ? 4 :
				    (ivar->bus_width == bus_width_8) ? 8 : 1,
				    mmc_timing_to_string(timing));
			}
			if (mmc_set_card_bus_width(sc, ivar, timing) !=
			    MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(busdev, "Card at relative "
				    "address %d failed to set bus width\n",
				    rca);
				return (ENXIO);
			}
			mmcbr_set_bus_width(busdev, ivar->bus_width);
			mmcbr_update_ios(busdev);
			if (mmc_set_vccq(sc, ivar, timing) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(busdev, "Failed to set VCCQ "
				    "for card at relative address %d\n", rca);
				return (ENXIO);
			}
			if (timing >= bus_timing_mmc_hs200 &&
			    mmc_retune(busdev, dev, true) != 0) {
				device_printf(busdev, "Card at relative "
				    "address %d failed to re-tune\n", rca);
				return (ENXIO);
			}
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 * If there's a card selected, stand down.
		 */
		if (sc->last_rca != 0) {
			if (mmc_select_card(sc, 0) != MMC_ERR_NONE)
				return (ENXIO);
			sc->last_rca = 0;
		}
	}

	return (0);
}

static int
mmc_release_bus(device_t busdev, device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;

	sc = device_get_softc(busdev);

	MMC_LOCK(sc);
	if (!sc->owner)
		panic("mmc: releasing unowned bus.");
	if (sc->owner != dev)
		panic("mmc: you don't own the bus.  game over.");
	sc->owner = NULL;
	MMC_UNLOCK(sc);
	return (MMCBR_RELEASE_HOST(device_get_parent(busdev), busdev));
}

static uint32_t
mmc_select_vdd(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t ocr)
{

	return (ocr & MMC_OCR_VOLTAGE);
}

static int
mmc_highest_voltage(uint32_t ocr)
{
	int i;

	for (i = MMC_OCR_MAX_VOLTAGE_SHIFT;
	    i >= MMC_OCR_MIN_VOLTAGE_SHIFT; i--)
		if (ocr & (1 << i))
			return (i);
	return (-1);
}

static void
mmc_wakeup(struct mmc_request *req)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;

	sc = (struct mmc_softc *)req->done_data;
	MMC_LOCK(sc);
	req->flags |= MMC_REQ_DONE;
	MMC_UNLOCK(sc);
	wakeup(req);
}

static int
mmc_wait_for_req(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_request *req)
{

	req->done = mmc_wakeup;
	req->done_data = sc;
	if (__predict_false(mmc_debug > 1)) {
		device_printf(sc->dev, "REQUEST: CMD%d arg %#x flags %#x",
		    req->cmd->opcode, req->cmd->arg, req->cmd->flags);
		if (req->cmd->data) {
			printf(" data %d\n", (int)req->cmd->data->len);
		} else
			printf("\n");
	}
	MMCBR_REQUEST(device_get_parent(sc->dev), sc->dev, req);
	MMC_LOCK(sc);
	while ((req->flags & MMC_REQ_DONE) == 0)
		msleep(req, &sc->sc_mtx, 0, "mmcreq", 0);
	MMC_UNLOCK(sc);
	if (__predict_false(mmc_debug > 2 || (mmc_debug > 0 &&
	    req->cmd->error != MMC_ERR_NONE)))
		device_printf(sc->dev, "CMD%d RESULT: %d\n",
		    req->cmd->opcode, req->cmd->error);
	return (0);
}

static int
mmc_wait_for_request(device_t busdev, device_t dev, struct mmc_request *req)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar;
	int err, i;
	enum mmc_retune_req retune_req;

	sc = device_get_softc(busdev);
	KASSERT(sc->owner != NULL,
	    ("%s: Request from %s without bus being acquired.", __func__,
	    device_get_nameunit(dev)));

	/*
	 * Unless no device is selected or re-tuning is already ongoing,
	 * execute re-tuning if a) the bridge is requesting to do so and
	 * re-tuning hasn't been otherwise paused, or b) if a child asked
	 * to be re-tuned prior to pausing (see also mmc_retune_pause()).
	 */
	if (__predict_false(sc->last_rca != 0 && sc->retune_ongoing == 0 &&
	    (((retune_req = mmcbr_get_retune_req(busdev)) != retune_req_none &&
	    sc->retune_paused == 0) || sc->retune_needed == 1))) {
		if (__predict_false(mmc_debug > 1)) {
			device_printf(busdev,
			    "Re-tuning with%s circuit reset required\n",
			    retune_req == retune_req_reset ? "" : "out");
		}
		if (device_get_parent(dev) == busdev)
			ivar = device_get_ivars(dev);
		else {
			for (i = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
				ivar = device_get_ivars(sc->child_list[i]);
				if (ivar->rca == sc->last_rca)
					break;
			}
			if (ivar->rca != sc->last_rca)
				return (EINVAL);
		}
		sc->retune_ongoing = 1;
		err = mmc_retune(busdev, dev, retune_req == retune_req_reset);
		sc->retune_ongoing = 0;
		switch (err) {
		case MMC_ERR_NONE:
		case MMC_ERR_FAILED:	/* Re-tune error but still might work */
			break;
		case MMC_ERR_BADCRC:	/* Switch failure on HS400 recovery */
			return (ENXIO);
		case MMC_ERR_INVALID:	/* Driver implementation b0rken */
		default:		/* Unknown error, should not happen */
			return (EINVAL);
		}
		sc->retune_needed = 0;
	}
	return (mmc_wait_for_req(sc, req));
}

static int
mmc_wait_for_command(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t opcode,
    uint32_t arg, uint32_t flags, uint32_t *resp, int retries)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = opcode;
	cmd.arg = arg;
	cmd.flags = flags;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, retries);
	if (err)
		return (err);
	if (resp) {
		if (flags & MMC_RSP_136)
			memcpy(resp, cmd.resp, 4 * sizeof(uint32_t));
		else
			*resp = cmd.resp[0];
	}
	return (0);
}

static void
mmc_idle_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	device_t dev;
	struct mmc_command cmd;

	dev = sc->dev;
	mmcbr_set_chip_select(dev, cs_high);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	mmc_ms_delay(1);

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = MMC_GO_IDLE_STATE;
	cmd.arg = 0;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_NONE | MMC_CMD_BC;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	mmc_ms_delay(1);

	mmcbr_set_chip_select(dev, cs_dontcare);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	mmc_ms_delay(1);
}

static int
mmc_send_app_op_cond(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t ocr, uint32_t *rocr)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err = MMC_ERR_NONE, i;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = ACMD_SD_SEND_OP_COND;
	cmd.arg = ocr;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R3 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;

	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
		err = mmc_wait_for_app_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, 0, &cmd,
		    CMD_RETRIES);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
			break;
		if ((cmd.resp[0] & MMC_OCR_CARD_BUSY) ||
		    (ocr & MMC_OCR_VOLTAGE) == 0)
			break;
		err = MMC_ERR_TIMEOUT;
		mmc_ms_delay(10);
	}
	if (rocr && err == MMC_ERR_NONE)
		*rocr = cmd.resp[0];
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_send_op_cond(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t ocr, uint32_t *rocr)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err = MMC_ERR_NONE, i;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = MMC_SEND_OP_COND;
	cmd.arg = ocr;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R3 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;

	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
		err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
			break;
		if ((cmd.resp[0] & MMC_OCR_CARD_BUSY) ||
		    (ocr & MMC_OCR_VOLTAGE) == 0)
			break;
		err = MMC_ERR_TIMEOUT;
		mmc_ms_delay(10);
	}
	if (rocr && err == MMC_ERR_NONE)
		*rocr = cmd.resp[0];
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_send_if_cond(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint8_t vhs)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = SD_SEND_IF_COND;
	cmd.arg = (vhs << 8) + 0xAA;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R7 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;

	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	return (err);
}

static void
mmc_power_up(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	device_t dev;
	enum mmc_vccq vccq;

	dev = sc->dev;
	mmcbr_set_vdd(dev, mmc_highest_voltage(mmcbr_get_host_ocr(dev)));
	mmcbr_set_bus_mode(dev, opendrain);
	mmcbr_set_chip_select(dev, cs_dontcare);
	mmcbr_set_bus_width(dev, bus_width_1);
	mmcbr_set_power_mode(dev, power_up);
	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, 0);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	for (vccq = vccq_330; ; vccq--) {
		mmcbr_set_vccq(dev, vccq);
		if (mmcbr_switch_vccq(dev) == 0 || vccq == vccq_120)
			break;
	}
	mmc_ms_delay(1);

	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, SD_MMC_CARD_ID_FREQUENCY);
	mmcbr_set_timing(dev, bus_timing_normal);
	mmcbr_set_power_mode(dev, power_on);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	mmc_ms_delay(2);
}

static void
mmc_power_down(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	device_t dev = sc->dev;

	mmcbr_set_bus_mode(dev, opendrain);
	mmcbr_set_chip_select(dev, cs_dontcare);
	mmcbr_set_bus_width(dev, bus_width_1);
	mmcbr_set_power_mode(dev, power_off);
	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, 0);
	mmcbr_set_timing(dev, bus_timing_normal);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
}

static int
mmc_select_card(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca)
{
	int err, flags;

	flags = (rca ? MMC_RSP_R1B : MMC_RSP_NONE) | MMC_CMD_AC;
	sc->retune_paused++;
	err = mmc_wait_for_command(sc, MMC_SELECT_CARD, (uint32_t)rca << 16,
	    flags, NULL, CMD_RETRIES);
	sc->retune_paused--;
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_sd_switch(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint8_t mode, uint8_t grp, uint8_t value,
    uint8_t *res)
{
	int err;
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	struct mmc_data data;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
	memset(res, 0, 64);

	cmd.opcode = SD_SWITCH_FUNC;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
	cmd.arg = mode << 31;			/* 0 - check, 1 - set */
	cmd.arg |= 0x00FFFFFF;
	cmd.arg &= ~(0xF << (grp * 4));
	cmd.arg |= value << (grp * 4);
	cmd.data = &data;

	data.data = res;
	data.len = 64;
	data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;

	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_set_card_bus_width(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;
	uint8_t	value;

	if (mmcbr_get_mode(sc->dev) == mode_sd) {
		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
		cmd.opcode = ACMD_SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT;
		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
		cmd.arg = SD_CLR_CARD_DETECT;
		err = mmc_wait_for_app_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca, &cmd,
		    CMD_RETRIES);
		if (err != 0)
			return (err);
		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
		cmd.opcode = ACMD_SET_BUS_WIDTH;
		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
		switch (ivar->bus_width) {
		case bus_width_1:
			cmd.arg = SD_BUS_WIDTH_1;
			break;
		case bus_width_4:
			cmd.arg = SD_BUS_WIDTH_4;
			break;
		default:
			return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
		}
		err = mmc_wait_for_app_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca, &cmd,
		    CMD_RETRIES);
	} else {
		switch (ivar->bus_width) {
		case bus_width_1:
			if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400 ||
			    timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400es)
				return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
			value = EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1;
			break;
		case bus_width_4:
			switch (timing) {
			case bus_timing_mmc_ddr52:
				value = EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4_DDR;
				break;
			case bus_timing_mmc_hs400:
			case bus_timing_mmc_hs400es:
				return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
			default:
				value = EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4;
				break;
			}
			break;
		case bus_width_8:
			value = 0;
			switch (timing) {
			case bus_timing_mmc_hs400es:
				value = EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_ES;
				/* FALLTHROUGH */
			case bus_timing_mmc_ddr52:
			case bus_timing_mmc_hs400:
				value |= EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8_DDR;
				break;
			default:
				value = EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8;
				break;
			}
			break;
		default:
			return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
		}
		err = mmc_switch(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca,
		    EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH, value,
		    ivar->cmd6_time, true);
	}
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_set_power_class(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar)
{
	device_t dev;
	const uint8_t *ext_csd;
	uint32_t clock;
	uint8_t value;
	enum mmc_bus_timing timing;
	enum mmc_bus_width bus_width;

	dev = sc->dev;
	timing = mmcbr_get_timing(dev);
	bus_width = ivar->bus_width;
	if (mmcbr_get_mode(dev) != mode_mmc || ivar->csd.spec_vers < 4 ||
	    timing == bus_timing_normal || bus_width == bus_width_1)
		return (MMC_ERR_NONE);

	value = 0;
	ext_csd = ivar->raw_ext_csd;
	clock = mmcbr_get_clock(dev);
	switch (1 << mmcbr_get_vdd(dev)) {
	case MMC_OCR_LOW_VOLTAGE:
		if (clock <= MMC_TYPE_HS_26_MAX)
			value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_26_195];
		else if (clock <= MMC_TYPE_HS_52_MAX) {
			if (timing >= bus_timing_mmc_ddr52 &&
			    bus_width >= bus_width_4)
				value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_52_195_DDR];
			else
				value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_52_195];
		} else if (clock <= MMC_TYPE_HS200_HS400ES_MAX)
			value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_200_195];
		break;
	case MMC_OCR_270_280:
	case MMC_OCR_280_290:
	case MMC_OCR_290_300:
	case MMC_OCR_300_310:
	case MMC_OCR_310_320:
	case MMC_OCR_320_330:
	case MMC_OCR_330_340:
	case MMC_OCR_340_350:
	case MMC_OCR_350_360:
		if (clock <= MMC_TYPE_HS_26_MAX)
			value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_26_360];
		else if (clock <= MMC_TYPE_HS_52_MAX) {
			if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_ddr52 &&
			    bus_width >= bus_width_4)
				value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_52_360_DDR];
			else
				value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_52_360];
		} else if (clock <= MMC_TYPE_HS200_HS400ES_MAX) {
			if (bus_width == bus_width_8)
				value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_200_360_DDR];
			else
				value = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PWR_CL_200_360];
		}
		break;
	default:
		device_printf(dev, "No power class support for VDD 0x%x\n",
			1 << mmcbr_get_vdd(dev));
		return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
	}

	if (bus_width == bus_width_8)
		value = (value & EXT_CSD_POWER_CLASS_8BIT_MASK) >>
		    EXT_CSD_POWER_CLASS_8BIT_SHIFT;
	else
		value = (value & EXT_CSD_POWER_CLASS_4BIT_MASK) >>
		    EXT_CSD_POWER_CLASS_4BIT_SHIFT;

	if (value == 0)
		return (MMC_ERR_NONE);

	return (mmc_switch(dev, dev, ivar->rca, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
	    EXT_CSD_POWER_CLASS, value, ivar->cmd6_time, true));
}

static int
mmc_set_timing(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing)
{
	u_char switch_res[64];
	uint8_t	value;
	int err;

	if (mmcbr_get_mode(sc->dev) == mode_sd) {
		switch (timing) {
		case bus_timing_normal:
			value = SD_SWITCH_NORMAL_MODE;
			break;
		case bus_timing_hs:
			value = SD_SWITCH_HS_MODE;
			break;
		default:
			return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
		}
		err = mmc_sd_switch(sc, SD_SWITCH_MODE_SET, SD_SWITCH_GROUP1,
		    value, switch_res);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
			return (err);
		if ((switch_res[16] & 0xf) != value)
			return (MMC_ERR_FAILED);
		mmcbr_set_timing(sc->dev, timing);
		mmcbr_update_ios(sc->dev);
	} else {
		switch (timing) {
		case bus_timing_normal:
			value = EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING_BC;
			break;
		case bus_timing_hs:
		case bus_timing_mmc_ddr52:
			value = EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING_HS;
			break;
		case bus_timing_mmc_hs200:
			value = EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING_HS200;
			break;
		case bus_timing_mmc_hs400:
		case bus_timing_mmc_hs400es:
			value = EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING_HS400;
			break;
		default:
			return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
		}
		err = mmc_switch(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca,
		    EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING, value,
		    ivar->cmd6_time, false);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
			return (err);
		mmcbr_set_timing(sc->dev, timing);
		mmcbr_update_ios(sc->dev);
		err = mmc_switch_status(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca,
		    ivar->cmd6_time);
	}
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_set_vccq(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    enum mmc_bus_timing timing)
{

	if (isset(&ivar->vccq_120, timing))
		mmcbr_set_vccq(sc->dev, vccq_120);
	else if (isset(&ivar->vccq_180, timing))
		mmcbr_set_vccq(sc->dev, vccq_180);
	else
		mmcbr_set_vccq(sc->dev, vccq_330);
	if (mmcbr_switch_vccq(sc->dev) != 0)
		return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
	else
		return (MMC_ERR_NONE);
}

static const uint8_t p8[8] = {
	0x55, 0xAA, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

static const uint8_t p8ok[8] = {
	0xAA, 0x55, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

static const uint8_t p4[4] = {
	0x5A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

static const uint8_t p4ok[4] = {
	0xA5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

static int
mmc_test_bus_width(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	struct mmc_data data;
	uint8_t buf[8];
	int err;

	if (mmcbr_get_caps(sc->dev) & MMC_CAP_8_BIT_DATA) {
		mmcbr_set_bus_width(sc->dev, bus_width_8);
		mmcbr_update_ios(sc->dev);

		sc->squelched++; /* Errors are expected, squelch reporting. */
		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
		cmd.opcode = MMC_BUSTEST_W;
		cmd.arg = 0;
		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
		cmd.data = &data;

		data.data = __DECONST(void *, p8);
		data.len = 8;
		data.flags = MMC_DATA_WRITE;
		mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, 0);

		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
		cmd.opcode = MMC_BUSTEST_R;
		cmd.arg = 0;
		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
		cmd.data = &data;

		data.data = buf;
		data.len = 8;
		data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;
		err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, 0);
		sc->squelched--;

		mmcbr_set_bus_width(sc->dev, bus_width_1);
		mmcbr_update_ios(sc->dev);

		if (err == MMC_ERR_NONE && memcmp(buf, p8ok, 8) == 0)
			return (bus_width_8);
	}

	if (mmcbr_get_caps(sc->dev) & MMC_CAP_4_BIT_DATA) {
		mmcbr_set_bus_width(sc->dev, bus_width_4);
		mmcbr_update_ios(sc->dev);

		sc->squelched++; /* Errors are expected, squelch reporting. */
		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
		cmd.opcode = MMC_BUSTEST_W;
		cmd.arg = 0;
		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
		cmd.data = &data;

		data.data = __DECONST(void *, p4);
		data.len = 4;
		data.flags = MMC_DATA_WRITE;
		mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, 0);

		memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
		memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
		cmd.opcode = MMC_BUSTEST_R;
		cmd.arg = 0;
		cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
		cmd.data = &data;

		data.data = buf;
		data.len = 4;
		data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;
		err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, 0);
		sc->squelched--;

		mmcbr_set_bus_width(sc->dev, bus_width_1);
		mmcbr_update_ios(sc->dev);

		if (err == MMC_ERR_NONE && memcmp(buf, p4ok, 4) == 0)
			return (bus_width_4);
	}
	return (bus_width_1);
}

static uint32_t
mmc_get_bits(uint32_t *bits, int bit_len, int start, int size)
{
	const int i = (bit_len / 32) - (start / 32) - 1;
	const int shift = start & 31;
	uint32_t retval = bits[i] >> shift;

	if (size + shift > 32)
		retval |= bits[i - 1] << (32 - shift);
	return (retval & ((1llu << size) - 1));
}

static void
mmc_decode_cid_sd(uint32_t *raw_cid, struct mmc_cid *cid)
{
	int i;

	/* There's no version info, so we take it on faith */
	memset(cid, 0, sizeof(*cid));
	cid->mid = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 120, 8);
	cid->oid = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 104, 16);
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
		cid->pnm[i] = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 96 - i * 8, 8);
	cid->pnm[5] = 0;
	cid->prv = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 56, 8);
	cid->psn = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 24, 32);
	cid->mdt_year = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 12, 8) + 2000;
	cid->mdt_month = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 8, 4);
}

static void
mmc_decode_cid_mmc(uint32_t *raw_cid, struct mmc_cid *cid, bool is_4_41p)
{
	int i;

	/* There's no version info, so we take it on faith */
	memset(cid, 0, sizeof(*cid));
	cid->mid = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 120, 8);
	cid->oid = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 104, 8);
	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		cid->pnm[i] = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 96 - i * 8, 8);
	cid->pnm[6] = 0;
	cid->prv = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 48, 8);
	cid->psn = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 16, 32);
	cid->mdt_month = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 12, 4);
	cid->mdt_year = mmc_get_bits(raw_cid, 128, 8, 4);
	if (is_4_41p)
		cid->mdt_year += 2013;
	else
		cid->mdt_year += 1997;
}

static void
mmc_format_card_id_string(struct mmc_ivars *ivar)
{
	char oidstr[8];
	uint8_t c1;
	uint8_t c2;

	/*
	 * Format a card ID string for use by the mmcsd driver, it's what
	 * appears between the <> in the following:
	 * mmcsd0: 968MB <SD SD01G 8.0 SN 2686905 MFG 08/2008 by 3 TN> at mmc0
	 * 22.5MHz/4bit/128-block
	 *
	 * Also format just the card serial number, which the mmcsd driver will
	 * use as the disk->d_ident string.
	 *
	 * The card_id_string in mmc_ivars is currently allocated as 64 bytes,
	 * and our max formatted length is currently 55 bytes if every field
	 * contains the largest value.
	 *
	 * Sometimes the oid is two printable ascii chars; when it's not,
	 * format it as 0xnnnn instead.
	 */
	c1 = (ivar->cid.oid >> 8) & 0x0ff;
	c2 = ivar->cid.oid & 0x0ff;
	if (c1 > 0x1f && c1 < 0x7f && c2 > 0x1f && c2 < 0x7f)
		snprintf(oidstr, sizeof(oidstr), "%c%c", c1, c2);
	else
		snprintf(oidstr, sizeof(oidstr), "0x%04x", ivar->cid.oid);
	snprintf(ivar->card_sn_string, sizeof(ivar->card_sn_string),
	    "%08X", ivar->cid.psn);
	snprintf(ivar->card_id_string, sizeof(ivar->card_id_string),
	    "%s%s %s %d.%d SN %08X MFG %02d/%04d by %d %s",
	    ivar->mode == mode_sd ? "SD" : "MMC", ivar->high_cap ? "HC" : "",
	    ivar->cid.pnm, ivar->cid.prv >> 4, ivar->cid.prv & 0x0f,
	    ivar->cid.psn, ivar->cid.mdt_month, ivar->cid.mdt_year,
	    ivar->cid.mid, oidstr);
}

static const int exp[8] = {
	1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000
};

static const int mant[16] = {
	0, 10, 12, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 80
};

static const int cur_min[8] = {
	500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 25000, 35000, 60000, 100000
};

static const int cur_max[8] = {
	1000, 5000, 10000, 25000, 35000, 45000, 800000, 200000
};

static int
mmc_decode_csd_sd(uint32_t *raw_csd, struct mmc_csd *csd)
{
	int v;
	int m;
	int e;

	memset(csd, 0, sizeof(*csd));
	csd->csd_structure = v = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 126, 2);
	if (v == 0) {
		m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 115, 4);
		e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 112, 3);
		csd->tacc = (exp[e] * mant[m] + 9) / 10;
		csd->nsac = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 104, 8) * 100;
		m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 99, 4);
		e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 96, 3);
		csd->tran_speed = exp[e] * 10000 * mant[m];
		csd->ccc = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 84, 12);
		csd->read_bl_len = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 80, 4);
		csd->read_bl_partial = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 79, 1);
		csd->write_blk_misalign = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 78, 1);
		csd->read_blk_misalign = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 77, 1);
		csd->dsr_imp = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 76, 1);
		csd->vdd_r_curr_min =
		    cur_min[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 59, 3)];
		csd->vdd_r_curr_max =
		    cur_max[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 56, 3)];
		csd->vdd_w_curr_min =
		    cur_min[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 53, 3)];
		csd->vdd_w_curr_max =
		    cur_max[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 50, 3)];
		m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 62, 12);
		e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 47, 3);
		csd->capacity = ((1 + m) << (e + 2)) * csd->read_bl_len;
		csd->erase_blk_en = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 46, 1);
		csd->erase_sector = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 39, 7) + 1;
		csd->wp_grp_size = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 32, 7);
		csd->wp_grp_enable = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 31, 1);
		csd->r2w_factor = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 26, 3);
		csd->write_bl_len = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 22, 4);
		csd->write_bl_partial = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 21, 1);
		return (MMC_ERR_NONE);
	} else if (v == 1) {
		m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 115, 4);
		e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 112, 3);
		csd->tacc = (exp[e] * mant[m] + 9) / 10;
		csd->nsac = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 104, 8) * 100;
		m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 99, 4);
		e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 96, 3);
		csd->tran_speed = exp[e] * 10000 * mant[m];
		csd->ccc = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 84, 12);
		csd->read_bl_len = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 80, 4);
		csd->read_bl_partial = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 79, 1);
		csd->write_blk_misalign = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 78, 1);
		csd->read_blk_misalign = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 77, 1);
		csd->dsr_imp = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 76, 1);
		csd->capacity = ((uint64_t)mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 48, 22) +
		    1) * 512 * 1024;
		csd->erase_blk_en = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 46, 1);
		csd->erase_sector = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 39, 7) + 1;
		csd->wp_grp_size = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 32, 7);
		csd->wp_grp_enable = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 31, 1);
		csd->r2w_factor = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 26, 3);
		csd->write_bl_len = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 22, 4);
		csd->write_bl_partial = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 21, 1);
		return (MMC_ERR_NONE);
	}
	return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
}

static void
mmc_decode_csd_mmc(uint32_t *raw_csd, struct mmc_csd *csd)
{
	int m;
	int e;

	memset(csd, 0, sizeof(*csd));
	csd->csd_structure = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 126, 2);
	csd->spec_vers = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 122, 4);
	m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 115, 4);
	e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 112, 3);
	csd->tacc = exp[e] * mant[m] + 9 / 10;
	csd->nsac = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 104, 8) * 100;
	m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 99, 4);
	e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 96, 3);
	csd->tran_speed = exp[e] * 10000 * mant[m];
	csd->ccc = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 84, 12);
	csd->read_bl_len = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 80, 4);
	csd->read_bl_partial = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 79, 1);
	csd->write_blk_misalign = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 78, 1);
	csd->read_blk_misalign = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 77, 1);
	csd->dsr_imp = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 76, 1);
	csd->vdd_r_curr_min = cur_min[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 59, 3)];
	csd->vdd_r_curr_max = cur_max[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 56, 3)];
	csd->vdd_w_curr_min = cur_min[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 53, 3)];
	csd->vdd_w_curr_max = cur_max[mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 50, 3)];
	m = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 62, 12);
	e = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 47, 3);
	csd->capacity = ((1 + m) << (e + 2)) * csd->read_bl_len;
	csd->erase_blk_en = 0;
	csd->erase_sector = (mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 42, 5) + 1) *
	    (mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 37, 5) + 1);
	csd->wp_grp_size = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 32, 5);
	csd->wp_grp_enable = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 31, 1);
	csd->r2w_factor = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 26, 3);
	csd->write_bl_len = 1 << mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 22, 4);
	csd->write_bl_partial = mmc_get_bits(raw_csd, 128, 21, 1);
}

static void
mmc_app_decode_scr(uint32_t *raw_scr, struct mmc_scr *scr)
{
	unsigned int scr_struct;

	memset(scr, 0, sizeof(*scr));

	scr_struct = mmc_get_bits(raw_scr, 64, 60, 4);
	if (scr_struct != 0) {
		printf("Unrecognised SCR structure version %d\n",
		    scr_struct);
		return;
	}
	scr->sda_vsn = mmc_get_bits(raw_scr, 64, 56, 4);
	scr->bus_widths = mmc_get_bits(raw_scr, 64, 48, 4);
}

static void
mmc_app_decode_sd_status(uint32_t *raw_sd_status,
    struct mmc_sd_status *sd_status)
{

	memset(sd_status, 0, sizeof(*sd_status));

	sd_status->bus_width = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 510, 2);
	sd_status->secured_mode = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 509, 1);
	sd_status->card_type = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 480, 16);
	sd_status->prot_area = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 448, 12);
	sd_status->speed_class = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 440, 8);
	sd_status->perf_move = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 432, 8);
	sd_status->au_size = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 428, 4);
	sd_status->erase_size = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 408, 16);
	sd_status->erase_timeout = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 402, 6);
	sd_status->erase_offset = mmc_get_bits(raw_sd_status, 512, 400, 2);
}

static int
mmc_all_send_cid(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t *rawcid)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = MMC_ALL_SEND_CID;
	cmd.arg = 0;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R2 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	memcpy(rawcid, cmd.resp, 4 * sizeof(uint32_t));
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_send_csd(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca, uint32_t *rawcsd)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = MMC_SEND_CSD;
	cmd.arg = rca << 16;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R2 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	memcpy(rawcsd, cmd.resp, 4 * sizeof(uint32_t));
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_app_send_scr(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca, uint32_t *rawscr)
{
	int err;
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	struct mmc_data data;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));

	memset(rawscr, 0, 8);
	cmd.opcode = ACMD_SEND_SCR;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
	cmd.arg = 0;
	cmd.data = &data;

	data.data = rawscr;
	data.len = 8;
	data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;

	err = mmc_wait_for_app_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, rca, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	rawscr[0] = be32toh(rawscr[0]);
	rawscr[1] = be32toh(rawscr[1]);
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_app_sd_status(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t rca, uint32_t *rawsdstatus)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	struct mmc_data data;
	int err, i;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));

	memset(rawsdstatus, 0, 64);
	cmd.opcode = ACMD_SD_STATUS;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_ADTC;
	cmd.arg = 0;
	cmd.data = &data;

	data.data = rawsdstatus;
	data.len = 64;
	data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;

	err = mmc_wait_for_app_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, rca, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
	    rawsdstatus[i] = be32toh(rawsdstatus[i]);
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_set_relative_addr(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint16_t resp)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = MMC_SET_RELATIVE_ADDR;
	cmd.arg = resp << 16;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R6 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_send_relative_addr(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t *resp)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = SD_SEND_RELATIVE_ADDR;
	cmd.arg = 0;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R6 | MMC_CMD_BCR;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	*resp = cmd.resp[0];
	return (err);
}

static int
mmc_set_blocklen(struct mmc_softc *sc, uint32_t len)
{
	struct mmc_command cmd;
	int err;

	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.opcode = MMC_SET_BLOCKLEN;
	cmd.arg = len;
	cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
	cmd.data = NULL;
	err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(sc->dev, sc->dev, &cmd, CMD_RETRIES);
	return (err);
}

static uint32_t
mmc_timing_to_dtr(struct mmc_ivars *ivar, enum mmc_bus_timing timing)
{

	switch (timing) {
	case bus_timing_normal:
		return (ivar->tran_speed);
	case bus_timing_hs:
		return (ivar->hs_tran_speed);
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr12:
		return (SD_SDR12_MAX);
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr25:
		return (SD_SDR25_MAX);
	case bus_timing_uhs_ddr50:
		return (SD_DDR50_MAX);
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr50:
		return (SD_SDR50_MAX);
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr104:
		return (SD_SDR104_MAX);
	case bus_timing_mmc_ddr52:
		return (MMC_TYPE_DDR52_MAX);
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs200:
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs400:
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs400es:
		return (MMC_TYPE_HS200_HS400ES_MAX);
	}
	return (0);
}

static const char *
mmc_timing_to_string(enum mmc_bus_timing timing)
{

	switch (timing) {
	case bus_timing_normal:
		return ("normal speed");
	case bus_timing_hs:
		return ("high speed");
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr12:
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr25:
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr50:
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr104:
		return ("single data rate");
	case bus_timing_uhs_ddr50:
	case bus_timing_mmc_ddr52:
		return ("dual data rate");
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs200:
		return ("HS200");
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs400:
		return ("HS400");
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs400es:
		return ("HS400 with enhanced strobe");
	}
	return ("");
}

static bool
mmc_host_timing(device_t dev, enum mmc_bus_timing timing)
{
	int host_caps;

	host_caps = mmcbr_get_caps(dev);

#define	HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, cap) ({				\
	bool retval;							\
	if (((host_caps) & (cap)) == (cap))				\
		retval = true;						\
	else								\
		retval = false;						\
	retval;								\
})

	switch (timing) {
	case bus_timing_normal:
		return (true);
	case bus_timing_hs:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_HSPEED));
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr12:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR12));
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr25:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR25));
	case bus_timing_uhs_ddr50:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_UHS_DDR50));
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr50:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR50));
	case bus_timing_uhs_sdr104:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR104));
	case bus_timing_mmc_ddr52:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_MMC_DDR52));
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs200:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_MMC_HS200_120) ||
			HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_MMC_HS200_180));
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs400:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_MMC_HS400_120) ||
			HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_MMC_HS400_180));
	case bus_timing_mmc_hs400es:
		return (HOST_TIMING_CAP(host_caps, MMC_CAP_MMC_HS400 |
		    MMC_CAP_MMC_ENH_STROBE));
	}

#undef HOST_TIMING_CAP

	return (false);
}

static void
mmc_log_card(device_t dev, struct mmc_ivars *ivar, int newcard)
{
	enum mmc_bus_timing timing;

	device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address 0x%04x%s:\n",
	    ivar->rca, newcard ? " added" : "");
	device_printf(dev, " card: %s\n", ivar->card_id_string);
	for (timing = bus_timing_max; timing > bus_timing_normal; timing--) {
		if (isset(&ivar->timings, timing))
			break;
	}
	device_printf(dev, " quirks: %b\n", ivar->quirks, MMC_QUIRKS_FMT);
	device_printf(dev, " bus: %ubit, %uMHz (%s timing)\n",
	    (ivar->bus_width == bus_width_1 ? 1 :
	    (ivar->bus_width == bus_width_4 ? 4 : 8)),
	    mmc_timing_to_dtr(ivar, timing) / 1000000,
	    mmc_timing_to_string(timing));
	device_printf(dev, " memory: %u blocks, erase sector %u blocks%s\n",
	    ivar->sec_count, ivar->erase_sector,
	    ivar->read_only ? ", read-only" : "");
}

static void
mmc_discover_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	u_char switch_res[64];
	uint32_t raw_cid[4];
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar = NULL;
	const struct mmc_quirk *quirk;
	const uint8_t *ext_csd;
	device_t child;
	int err, host_caps, i, newcard;
	uint32_t resp, sec_count, status;
	uint16_t rca = 2;
	int16_t rev;
	uint8_t card_type;

	host_caps = mmcbr_get_caps(sc->dev);
	if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
		device_printf(sc->dev, "Probing cards\n");
	while (1) {
		child = NULL;
		sc->squelched++; /* Errors are expected, squelch reporting. */
		err = mmc_all_send_cid(sc, raw_cid);
		sc->squelched--;
		if (err == MMC_ERR_TIMEOUT)
			break;
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(sc->dev, "Error reading CID %d\n", err);
			break;
		}
		newcard = 1;
		for (i = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
			ivar = device_get_ivars(sc->child_list[i]);
			if (memcmp(ivar->raw_cid, raw_cid, sizeof(raw_cid)) ==
			    0) {
				newcard = 0;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (bootverbose || mmc_debug) {
			device_printf(sc->dev,
			    "%sard detected (CID %08x%08x%08x%08x)\n",
			    newcard ? "New c" : "C",
			    raw_cid[0], raw_cid[1], raw_cid[2], raw_cid[3]);
		}
		if (newcard) {
			ivar = malloc(sizeof(struct mmc_ivars), M_DEVBUF,
			    M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
			memcpy(ivar->raw_cid, raw_cid, sizeof(raw_cid));
		}
		if (mmcbr_get_ro(sc->dev))
			ivar->read_only = 1;
		ivar->bus_width = bus_width_1;
		setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_normal);
		ivar->mode = mmcbr_get_mode(sc->dev);
		if (ivar->mode == mode_sd) {
			mmc_decode_cid_sd(ivar->raw_cid, &ivar->cid);
			err = mmc_send_relative_addr(sc, &resp);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Error getting RCA %d\n", err);
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			ivar->rca = resp >> 16;
			/* Get card CSD. */
			err = mmc_send_csd(sc, ivar->rca, ivar->raw_csd);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Error getting CSD %d\n", err);
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "%sard detected (CSD %08x%08x%08x%08x)\n",
				    newcard ? "New c" : "C", ivar->raw_csd[0],
				    ivar->raw_csd[1], ivar->raw_csd[2],
				    ivar->raw_csd[3]);
			err = mmc_decode_csd_sd(ivar->raw_csd, &ivar->csd);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev, "Error decoding CSD\n");
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			ivar->sec_count = ivar->csd.capacity / MMC_SECTOR_SIZE;
			if (ivar->csd.csd_structure > 0)
				ivar->high_cap = 1;
			ivar->tran_speed = ivar->csd.tran_speed;
			ivar->erase_sector = ivar->csd.erase_sector *
			    ivar->csd.write_bl_len / MMC_SECTOR_SIZE;

			err = mmc_send_status(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca,
			    &status);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Error reading card status %d\n", err);
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			if ((status & R1_CARD_IS_LOCKED) != 0) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Card is password protected, skipping\n");
				goto free_ivar;
			}

			/* Get card SCR.  Card must be selected to fetch it. */
			err = mmc_select_card(sc, ivar->rca);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Error selecting card %d\n", err);
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			err = mmc_app_send_scr(sc, ivar->rca, ivar->raw_scr);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Error reading SCR %d\n", err);
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			mmc_app_decode_scr(ivar->raw_scr, &ivar->scr);
			/* Get card switch capabilities (command class 10). */
			if ((ivar->scr.sda_vsn >= 1) &&
			    (ivar->csd.ccc & (1 << 10))) {
				err = mmc_sd_switch(sc, SD_SWITCH_MODE_CHECK,
				    SD_SWITCH_GROUP1, SD_SWITCH_NOCHANGE,
				    switch_res);
				if (err == MMC_ERR_NONE &&
				    switch_res[13] & (1 << SD_SWITCH_HS_MODE)) {
					setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_hs);
					ivar->hs_tran_speed = SD_HS_MAX;
				}
			}

			/*
			 * We deselect then reselect the card here.  Some cards
			 * become unselected and timeout with the above two
			 * commands, although the state tables / diagrams in the
			 * standard suggest they go back to the transfer state.
			 * Other cards don't become deselected, and if we
			 * attempt to blindly re-select them, we get timeout
			 * errors from some controllers.  So we deselect then
			 * reselect to handle all situations.  The only thing we
			 * use from the sd_status is the erase sector size, but
			 * it is still nice to get that right.
			 */
			(void)mmc_select_card(sc, 0);
			(void)mmc_select_card(sc, ivar->rca);
			(void)mmc_app_sd_status(sc, ivar->rca,
			    ivar->raw_sd_status);
			mmc_app_decode_sd_status(ivar->raw_sd_status,
			    &ivar->sd_status);
			if (ivar->sd_status.au_size != 0) {
				ivar->erase_sector =
				    16 << ivar->sd_status.au_size;
			}
			/* Find maximum supported bus width. */
			if ((host_caps & MMC_CAP_4_BIT_DATA) &&
			    (ivar->scr.bus_widths & SD_SCR_BUS_WIDTH_4))
				ivar->bus_width = bus_width_4;

			goto child_common;
		}
		ivar->rca = rca++;
		err = mmc_set_relative_addr(sc, ivar->rca);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(sc->dev, "Error setting RCA %d\n", err);
			goto free_ivar;
		}
		/* Get card CSD. */
		err = mmc_send_csd(sc, ivar->rca, ivar->raw_csd);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(sc->dev, "Error getting CSD %d\n", err);
			goto free_ivar;
		}
		if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
			device_printf(sc->dev,
			    "%sard detected (CSD %08x%08x%08x%08x)\n",
			    newcard ? "New c" : "C", ivar->raw_csd[0],
			    ivar->raw_csd[1], ivar->raw_csd[2],
			    ivar->raw_csd[3]);

		mmc_decode_csd_mmc(ivar->raw_csd, &ivar->csd);
		ivar->sec_count = ivar->csd.capacity / MMC_SECTOR_SIZE;
		ivar->tran_speed = ivar->csd.tran_speed;
		ivar->erase_sector = ivar->csd.erase_sector *
		    ivar->csd.write_bl_len / MMC_SECTOR_SIZE;

		err = mmc_send_status(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca, &status);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(sc->dev,
			    "Error reading card status %d\n", err);
			goto free_ivar;
		}
		if ((status & R1_CARD_IS_LOCKED) != 0) {
			device_printf(sc->dev,
			    "Card is password protected, skipping\n");
			goto free_ivar;
		}

		err = mmc_select_card(sc, ivar->rca);
		if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(sc->dev, "Error selecting card %d\n",
			    err);
			goto free_ivar;
		}

		rev = -1;
		/* Only MMC >= 4.x devices support EXT_CSD. */
		if (ivar->csd.spec_vers >= 4) {
			err = mmc_send_ext_csd(sc->dev, sc->dev,
			    ivar->raw_ext_csd);
			if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Error reading EXT_CSD %d\n", err);
				goto free_ivar;
			}
			ext_csd = ivar->raw_ext_csd;
			rev = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV];
			/* Handle extended capacity from EXT_CSD */
			sec_count = le32dec(&ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT]);
			if (sec_count != 0) {
				ivar->sec_count = sec_count;
				ivar->high_cap = 1;
			}
			/* Find maximum supported bus width. */
			ivar->bus_width = mmc_test_bus_width(sc);
			/* Get device speeds beyond normal mode. */
			card_type = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE];
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS_52) != 0) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_hs);
				ivar->hs_tran_speed = MMC_TYPE_HS_52_MAX;
			} else if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS_26) != 0) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_hs);
				ivar->hs_tran_speed = MMC_TYPE_HS_26_MAX;
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_52_1_2V) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_120) != 0) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_ddr52);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_120, bus_timing_mmc_ddr52);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_52_1_8V) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_180) != 0) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_ddr52);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_180, bus_timing_mmc_ddr52);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS200_1_2V) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_120) != 0) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_hs200);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_120, bus_timing_mmc_hs200);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS200_1_8V) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_180) != 0) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_hs200);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_180, bus_timing_mmc_hs200);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS400_1_2V) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_120) != 0 &&
			    ivar->bus_width == bus_width_8) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_hs400);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_120, bus_timing_mmc_hs400);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS400_1_8V) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_180) != 0 &&
			    ivar->bus_width == bus_width_8) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_hs400);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_180, bus_timing_mmc_hs400);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS400_1_2V) != 0 &&
			    (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_STROBE_SUPPORT] &
			    EXT_CSD_STROBE_SUPPORT_EN) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_120) != 0 &&
			    ivar->bus_width == bus_width_8) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_hs400es);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_120, bus_timing_mmc_hs400es);
			}
			if ((card_type & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS400_1_8V) != 0 &&
			    (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_STROBE_SUPPORT] &
			    EXT_CSD_STROBE_SUPPORT_EN) != 0 &&
			    (host_caps & MMC_CAP_SIGNALING_180) != 0 &&
			    ivar->bus_width == bus_width_8) {
				setbit(&ivar->timings, bus_timing_mmc_hs400es);
				setbit(&ivar->vccq_180, bus_timing_mmc_hs400es);
			}
			/*
			 * Determine generic switch timeout (provided in
			 * units of 10 ms), defaulting to 500 ms.
			 */
			ivar->cmd6_time = 500 * 1000;
			if (rev >= 6)
				ivar->cmd6_time = 10 *
				    ext_csd[EXT_CSD_GEN_CMD6_TIME];
			/* Handle HC erase sector size. */
			if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] != 0) {
				ivar->erase_sector = 1024 *
				    ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
				err = mmc_switch(sc->dev, sc->dev, ivar->rca,
				    EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
				    EXT_CSD_ERASE_GRP_DEF,
				    EXT_CSD_ERASE_GRP_DEF_EN,
				    ivar->cmd6_time, true);
				if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
					device_printf(sc->dev,
					    "Error setting erase group %d\n",
					    err);
					goto free_ivar;
				}
			}
		}

		mmc_decode_cid_mmc(ivar->raw_cid, &ivar->cid, rev >= 5);

child_common:
		for (quirk = &mmc_quirks[0]; quirk->mid != 0x0; quirk++) {
			if ((quirk->mid == MMC_QUIRK_MID_ANY ||
			    quirk->mid == ivar->cid.mid) &&
			    (quirk->oid == MMC_QUIRK_OID_ANY ||
			    quirk->oid == ivar->cid.oid) &&
			    strncmp(quirk->pnm, ivar->cid.pnm,
			    sizeof(ivar->cid.pnm)) == 0) {
				ivar->quirks = quirk->quirks;
				break;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Some cards that report maximum I/O block sizes greater
		 * than 512 require the block length to be set to 512, even
		 * though that is supposed to be the default.  Example:
		 *
		 * Transcend 2GB SDSC card, CID:
		 * mid=0x1b oid=0x534d pnm="00000" prv=1.0 mdt=00.2000
		 */
		if (ivar->csd.read_bl_len != MMC_SECTOR_SIZE ||
		    ivar->csd.write_bl_len != MMC_SECTOR_SIZE)
			mmc_set_blocklen(sc, MMC_SECTOR_SIZE);

		mmc_format_card_id_string(ivar);

		if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
			mmc_log_card(sc->dev, ivar, newcard);
		if (newcard) {
			/* Add device. */
			child = device_add_child(sc->dev, NULL, DEVICE_UNIT_ANY);
			if (child != NULL) {
				device_set_ivars(child, ivar);
				sc->child_list = realloc(sc->child_list,
				    sizeof(device_t) * (sc->child_count + 1),
				    M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
				sc->child_list[sc->child_count++] = child;
			} else
				device_printf(sc->dev, "Error adding child\n");
		}

free_ivar:
		if (newcard && child == NULL)
			free(ivar, M_DEVBUF);
		(void)mmc_select_card(sc, 0);
		/*
		 * Not returning here when one MMC device could no be added
		 * potentially would mean looping forever when that device
		 * is broken (in which case it also may impact the remainder
		 * of the bus anyway, though).
		 */
		if ((newcard && child == NULL) ||
		    mmcbr_get_mode(sc->dev) == mode_sd)
			return;
	}
}

static void
mmc_update_child_list(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	device_t child;
	int i, j;

	if (sc->child_count == 0) {
		free(sc->child_list, M_DEVBUF);
		return;
	}
	for (i = j = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
		for (;;) {
			child = sc->child_list[j++];
			if (child != NULL)
				break;
		}
		if (i != j)
			sc->child_list[i] = child;
	}
	sc->child_list = realloc(sc->child_list, sizeof(device_t) *
	    sc->child_count, M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK);
}

static void
mmc_rescan_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar;
	int err, i, j;

	for (i = j = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
		ivar = device_get_ivars(sc->child_list[i]);
		if (mmc_select_card(sc, ivar->rca) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "Card at relative address %d lost\n",
				    ivar->rca);
			err = device_delete_child(sc->dev, sc->child_list[i]);
			if (err != 0) {
				j++;
				continue;
			}
			free(ivar, M_DEVBUF);
		} else
			j++;
	}
	if (sc->child_count == j)
		goto out;
	sc->child_count = j;
	mmc_update_child_list(sc);
out:
	(void)mmc_select_card(sc, 0);
}

static int
mmc_delete_cards(struct mmc_softc *sc, bool final)
{
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar;
	int err, i, j;

	err = 0;
	for (i = j = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
		ivar = device_get_ivars(sc->child_list[i]);
		if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
			device_printf(sc->dev,
			    "Card at relative address %d deleted\n",
			    ivar->rca);
		err = device_delete_child(sc->dev, sc->child_list[i]);
		if (err != 0) {
			j++;
			if (final == false)
				continue;
			else
				break;
		}
		free(ivar, M_DEVBUF);
	}
	sc->child_count = j;
	mmc_update_child_list(sc);
	return (err);
}

static void
mmc_go_discovery(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	uint32_t ocr;
	device_t dev;
	int err;

	dev = sc->dev;
	if (mmcbr_get_power_mode(dev) != power_on) {
		/*
		 * First, try SD modes
		 */
		sc->squelched++; /* Errors are expected, squelch reporting. */
		mmcbr_set_mode(dev, mode_sd);
		mmc_power_up(sc);
		mmcbr_set_bus_mode(dev, pushpull);
		if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
			device_printf(sc->dev, "Probing bus\n");
		mmc_idle_cards(sc);
		err = mmc_send_if_cond(sc, 1);
		if ((bootverbose || mmc_debug) && err == 0)
			device_printf(sc->dev,
			    "SD 2.0 interface conditions: OK\n");
		if (mmc_send_app_op_cond(sc, 0, &ocr) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
				device_printf(sc->dev, "SD probe: failed\n");
			/*
			 * Failed, try MMC
			 */
			mmcbr_set_mode(dev, mode_mmc);
			if (mmc_send_op_cond(sc, 0, &ocr) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
					device_printf(sc->dev,
					    "MMC probe: failed\n");
				ocr = 0; /* Failed both, powerdown. */
			} else if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
				device_printf(sc->dev,
				    "MMC probe: OK (OCR: 0x%08x)\n", ocr);
		} else if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
			device_printf(sc->dev, "SD probe: OK (OCR: 0x%08x)\n",
			    ocr);
		sc->squelched--;

		mmcbr_set_ocr(dev, mmc_select_vdd(sc, ocr));
		if (mmcbr_get_ocr(dev) != 0)
			mmc_idle_cards(sc);
	} else {
		mmcbr_set_bus_mode(dev, opendrain);
		mmcbr_set_clock(dev, SD_MMC_CARD_ID_FREQUENCY);
		mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
		/* XXX recompute vdd based on new cards? */
	}
	/*
	 * Make sure that we have a mutually agreeable voltage to at least
	 * one card on the bus.
	 */
	if (bootverbose || mmc_debug)
		device_printf(sc->dev, "Current OCR: 0x%08x\n",
		    mmcbr_get_ocr(dev));
	if (mmcbr_get_ocr(dev) == 0) {
		device_printf(sc->dev, "No compatible cards found on bus\n");
		(void)mmc_delete_cards(sc, false);
		mmc_power_down(sc);
		return;
	}
	/*
	 * Reselect the cards after we've idled them above.
	 */
	if (mmcbr_get_mode(dev) == mode_sd) {
		err = mmc_send_if_cond(sc, 1);
		mmc_send_app_op_cond(sc,
		    (err ? 0 : MMC_OCR_CCS) | mmcbr_get_ocr(dev), NULL);
	} else
		mmc_send_op_cond(sc, MMC_OCR_CCS | mmcbr_get_ocr(dev), NULL);
	mmc_discover_cards(sc);
	mmc_rescan_cards(sc);

	mmcbr_set_bus_mode(dev, pushpull);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	mmc_calculate_clock(sc);
}

static int
mmc_calculate_clock(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	device_t dev;
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar;
	int i;
	uint32_t dtr, max_dtr;
	uint16_t rca;
	enum mmc_bus_timing max_timing, timing;
	bool changed, hs400;

	dev = sc->dev;
	max_dtr = mmcbr_get_f_max(dev);
	max_timing = bus_timing_max;
	do {
		changed = false;
		for (i = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
			ivar = device_get_ivars(sc->child_list[i]);
			if (isclr(&ivar->timings, max_timing) ||
			    !mmc_host_timing(dev, max_timing)) {
				for (timing = max_timing - 1; timing >=
				    bus_timing_normal; timing--) {
					if (isset(&ivar->timings, timing) &&
					    mmc_host_timing(dev, timing)) {
						max_timing = timing;
						break;
					}
				}
				changed = true;
			}
			dtr = mmc_timing_to_dtr(ivar, max_timing);
			if (dtr < max_dtr) {
				max_dtr = dtr;
				changed = true;
			}
		}
	} while (changed == true);

	if (bootverbose || mmc_debug) {
		device_printf(dev,
		    "setting transfer rate to %d.%03dMHz (%s timing)\n",
		    max_dtr / 1000000, (max_dtr / 1000) % 1000,
		    mmc_timing_to_string(max_timing));
	}

	/*
	 * HS400 must be tuned in HS200 mode, so in case of HS400 we begin
	 * with HS200 following the sequence as described in "6.6.2.2 HS200
	 * timing mode selection" of the eMMC specification v5.1, too, and
	 * switch to max_timing later.  HS400ES requires no tuning and, thus,
	 * can be switch to directly, but requires the same detour via high
	 * speed mode as does HS400 (see mmc_switch_to_hs400()).
	 */
	hs400 = max_timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400;
	timing = hs400 == true ? bus_timing_mmc_hs200 : max_timing;
	for (i = 0; i < sc->child_count; i++) {
		ivar = device_get_ivars(sc->child_list[i]);
		if ((ivar->timings & ~(1 << bus_timing_normal)) == 0)
			goto clock;

		rca = ivar->rca;
		if (mmc_select_card(sc, rca) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address %d "
			    "failed to select\n", rca);
			continue;
		}

		if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs200 ||	/* includes HS400 */
		    timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400es) {
			if (mmc_set_vccq(sc, ivar, timing) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(dev, "Failed to set VCCQ for "
				    "card at relative address %d\n", rca);
				continue;
			}
		}

		if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs200) {	/* includes HS400 */
			/* Set bus width (required for initial tuning). */
			if (mmc_set_card_bus_width(sc, ivar, timing) !=
			    MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address "
				    "%d failed to set bus width\n", rca);
				continue;
			}
			mmcbr_set_bus_width(dev, ivar->bus_width);
			mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
		} else if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400es) {
			if (mmc_switch_to_hs400(sc, ivar, max_dtr, timing) !=
			    MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address "
				    "%d failed to set %s timing\n", rca,
				    mmc_timing_to_string(timing));
				continue;
			}
			goto power_class;
		}

		if (mmc_set_timing(sc, ivar, timing) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address %d "
			    "failed to set %s timing\n", rca,
			    mmc_timing_to_string(timing));
			continue;
		}

		if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_ddr52) {
			/*
			 * Set EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_n_DDR in EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH
			 * (must be done after switching to EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING).
			 */
			if (mmc_set_card_bus_width(sc, ivar, timing) !=
			    MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address "
				    "%d failed to set bus width\n", rca);
				continue;
			}
			mmcbr_set_bus_width(dev, ivar->bus_width);
			mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
			if (mmc_set_vccq(sc, ivar, timing) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
				device_printf(dev, "Failed to set VCCQ for "
				    "card at relative address %d\n", rca);
				continue;
			}
		}

clock:
		/* Set clock (must be done before initial tuning). */
		mmcbr_set_clock(dev, max_dtr);
		mmcbr_update_ios(dev);

		/*
		 * Don't call into the bridge driver for timings definitely
		 * not requiring tuning.  Note that it's up to the upper
		 * layer to actually execute tuning otherwise.
		 */
		if (timing <= bus_timing_uhs_sdr25 ||
		    timing == bus_timing_mmc_ddr52)
			goto power_class;

		if (mmcbr_tune(dev, hs400) != 0) {
			device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address %d "
			    "failed to execute initial tuning\n", rca);
			continue;
		}

		if (hs400 == true && mmc_switch_to_hs400(sc, ivar, max_dtr,
		    max_timing) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address %d "
			    "failed to set %s timing\n", rca,
			    mmc_timing_to_string(max_timing));
			continue;
		}

power_class:
		if (mmc_set_power_class(sc, ivar) != MMC_ERR_NONE) {
			device_printf(dev, "Card at relative address %d "
			    "failed to set power class\n", rca);
		}
	}
	(void)mmc_select_card(sc, 0);
	return (max_dtr);
}

/*
 * Switch from HS200 to HS400 (either initially or for re-tuning) or directly
 * to HS400ES.  This follows the sequences described in "6.6.2.3 HS400 timing
 * mode selection" of the eMMC specification v5.1.
 */
static int
mmc_switch_to_hs400(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    uint32_t clock, enum mmc_bus_timing max_timing)
{
	device_t dev;
	int err;

	dev = sc->dev;

	/*
	 * Both clock and timing must be set as appropriate for high speed
	 * before eventually switching to HS400/HS400ES; mmc_set_timing()
	 * will issue mmcbr_update_ios().
	 */
	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, ivar->hs_tran_speed);
	err = mmc_set_timing(sc, ivar, bus_timing_hs);
	if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
		return (err);

	/*
	 * Set EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8_DDR in EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH (and additionally
	 * EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_ES for HS400ES).
	 */
	err = mmc_set_card_bus_width(sc, ivar, max_timing);
	if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
		return (err);
	mmcbr_set_bus_width(dev, ivar->bus_width);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);

	/* Finally, switch to HS400/HS400ES mode. */
	err = mmc_set_timing(sc, ivar, max_timing);
	if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
		return (err);
	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, clock);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	return (MMC_ERR_NONE);
}

/*
 * Switch from HS400 to HS200 (for re-tuning).
 */
static int
mmc_switch_to_hs200(struct mmc_softc *sc, struct mmc_ivars *ivar,
    uint32_t clock)
{
	device_t dev;
	int err;

	dev = sc->dev;

	/*
	 * Both clock and timing must initially be set as appropriate for
	 * DDR52 before eventually switching to HS200; mmc_set_timing()
	 * will issue mmcbr_update_ios().
	 */
	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, ivar->hs_tran_speed);
	err = mmc_set_timing(sc, ivar, bus_timing_mmc_ddr52);
	if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
		return (err);

	/*
	 * Next, switch to high speed.  Thus, clear EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_n_DDR
	 * in EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH and update bus width and timing in ios.
	 */
	err = mmc_set_card_bus_width(sc, ivar, bus_timing_hs);
	if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
		return (err);
	mmcbr_set_bus_width(dev, ivar->bus_width);
	mmcbr_set_timing(sc->dev, bus_timing_hs);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);

	/* Finally, switch to HS200 mode. */
	err = mmc_set_timing(sc, ivar, bus_timing_mmc_hs200);
	if (err != MMC_ERR_NONE)
		return (err);
	mmcbr_set_clock(dev, clock);
	mmcbr_update_ios(dev);
	return (MMC_ERR_NONE);
}

static int
mmc_retune(device_t busdev, device_t dev, bool reset)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar;
	int err;
	uint32_t clock;
	enum mmc_bus_timing timing;

	if (device_get_parent(dev) != busdev)
		return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);

	sc = device_get_softc(busdev);
	if (sc->retune_needed != 1 && sc->retune_paused != 0)
		return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);

	timing = mmcbr_get_timing(busdev);
	if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400) {
		/*
		 * Controllers use the data strobe line to latch data from
		 * the devices in HS400 mode so periodic re-tuning isn't
		 * expected to be required, i. e. only if a CRC or tuning
		 * error is signaled to the bridge.  In these latter cases
		 * we are asked to reset the tuning circuit and need to do
		 * the switch timing dance.
		 */
		if (reset == false)
			return (0);
		ivar = device_get_ivars(dev);
		clock = mmcbr_get_clock(busdev);
		if (mmc_switch_to_hs200(sc, ivar, clock) != MMC_ERR_NONE)
			return (MMC_ERR_BADCRC);
	}
	err = mmcbr_retune(busdev, reset);
	if (err != 0 && timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400)
		return (MMC_ERR_BADCRC);
	switch (err) {
	case 0:
		break;
	case EIO:
		return (MMC_ERR_FAILED);
	default:
		return (MMC_ERR_INVALID);
	}
	if (timing == bus_timing_mmc_hs400) {
		if (mmc_switch_to_hs400(sc, ivar, clock, timing) !=
		    MMC_ERR_NONE)
			return (MMC_ERR_BADCRC);
	}
	return (MMC_ERR_NONE);
}

static void
mmc_retune_pause(device_t busdev, device_t dev, bool retune)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;

	sc = device_get_softc(busdev);
	KASSERT(device_get_parent(dev) == busdev,
	    ("%s: %s is not a child of %s", __func__, device_get_nameunit(dev),
	    device_get_nameunit(busdev)));
	KASSERT(sc->owner != NULL,
	    ("%s: Request from %s without bus being acquired.", __func__,
	    device_get_nameunit(dev)));

	if (retune == true && sc->retune_paused == 0)
		sc->retune_needed = 1;
	sc->retune_paused++;
}

static void
mmc_retune_unpause(device_t busdev, device_t dev)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc;

	sc = device_get_softc(busdev);
	KASSERT(device_get_parent(dev) == busdev,
	    ("%s: %s is not a child of %s", __func__, device_get_nameunit(dev),
	    device_get_nameunit(busdev)));
	KASSERT(sc->owner != NULL,
	    ("%s: Request from %s without bus being acquired.", __func__,
	    device_get_nameunit(dev)));
	KASSERT(sc->retune_paused != 0,
	    ("%s: Re-tune pause count already at 0", __func__));

	sc->retune_paused--;
}

static void
mmc_scan(struct mmc_softc *sc)
{
	device_t dev = sc->dev;
	int err;

	err = mmc_acquire_bus(dev, dev);
	if (err != 0) {
		device_printf(dev, "Failed to acquire bus for scanning\n");
		return;
	}
	mmc_go_discovery(sc);
	err = mmc_release_bus(dev, dev);
	if (err != 0) {
		device_printf(dev, "Failed to release bus after scanning\n");
		return;
	}
	bus_attach_children(dev);
}

static int
mmc_read_ivar(device_t bus, device_t child, int which, uintptr_t *result)
{
	struct mmc_ivars *ivar = device_get_ivars(child);

	switch (which) {
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	case MMC_IVAR_SPEC_VERS:
		*result = ivar->csd.spec_vers;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_DSR_IMP:
		*result = ivar->csd.dsr_imp;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_MEDIA_SIZE:
		*result = ivar->sec_count;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_RCA:
		*result = ivar->rca;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_SECTOR_SIZE:
		*result = MMC_SECTOR_SIZE;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_TRAN_SPEED:
		*result = mmcbr_get_clock(bus);
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_READ_ONLY:
		*result = ivar->read_only;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_HIGH_CAP:
		*result = ivar->high_cap;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_CARD_TYPE:
		*result = ivar->mode;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_BUS_WIDTH:
		*result = ivar->bus_width;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_ERASE_SECTOR:
		*result = ivar->erase_sector;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_MAX_DATA:
		*result = mmcbr_get_max_data(bus);
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_CMD6_TIMEOUT:
		*result = ivar->cmd6_time;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_QUIRKS:
		*result = ivar->quirks;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_CARD_ID_STRING:
		*(char **)result = ivar->card_id_string;
		break;
	case MMC_IVAR_CARD_SN_STRING:
		*(char **)result = ivar->card_sn_string;
		break;
	}
	return (0);
}

static int
mmc_write_ivar(device_t bus, device_t child, int which, uintptr_t value)
{

	/*
	 * None are writable ATM
	 */
	return (EINVAL);
}

static void
mmc_delayed_attach(void *xsc)
{
	struct mmc_softc *sc = xsc;

	mmc_scan(sc);
	config_intrhook_disestablish(&sc->config_intrhook);
}

static int
mmc_child_location(device_t dev, device_t child, struct sbuf *sb)
{

	sbuf_printf(sb, "rca=0x%04x", mmc_get_rca(child));
	return (0);
}

static device_method_t mmc_methods[] = {
	/* device_if */
	DEVMETHOD(device_probe, mmc_probe),
	DEVMETHOD(device_attach, mmc_attach),
	DEVMETHOD(device_detach, mmc_detach),
	DEVMETHOD(device_suspend, mmc_suspend),
	DEVMETHOD(device_resume, mmc_resume),

	/* Bus interface */
	DEVMETHOD(bus_read_ivar, mmc_read_ivar),
	DEVMETHOD(bus_write_ivar, mmc_write_ivar),
	DEVMETHOD(bus_child_location, mmc_child_location),

	/* MMC Bus interface */
	DEVMETHOD(mmcbus_retune_pause, mmc_retune_pause),
	DEVMETHOD(mmcbus_retune_unpause, mmc_retune_unpause),
	DEVMETHOD(mmcbus_wait_for_request, mmc_wait_for_request),
	DEVMETHOD(mmcbus_acquire_bus, mmc_acquire_bus),
	DEVMETHOD(mmcbus_release_bus, mmc_release_bus),

	DEVMETHOD_END
};

driver_t mmc_driver = {
	"mmc",
	mmc_methods,
	sizeof(struct mmc_softc),
};

MODULE_VERSION(mmc, MMC_VERSION);