xref: /freebsd/sys/dev/ksyms/ksyms.c (revision 7e7876c7d92d16c328e123687a77e3c26f5a8d17)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Stacey Son <sson@freebsd.org>
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  * $FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 #include <sys/param.h>
32 #include <sys/systm.h>
33 #include <sys/kernel.h>
34 
35 #include <sys/conf.h>
36 #include <sys/elf.h>
37 #include <sys/linker.h>
38 #include <sys/malloc.h>
39 #include <sys/mman.h>
40 #include <sys/module.h>
41 #include <sys/proc.h>
42 #include <sys/queue.h>
43 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
44 #include <sys/stat.h>
45 #include <sys/sx.h>
46 #include <sys/uio.h>
47 
48 #include <machine/elf.h>
49 
50 #include <vm/pmap.h>
51 #include <vm/vm.h>
52 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
53 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
54 
55 #include "linker_if.h"
56 
57 #define SHDR_NULL	0
58 #define SHDR_SYMTAB	1
59 #define SHDR_STRTAB	2
60 #define SHDR_SHSTRTAB	3
61 
62 #define SHDR_NUM	4
63 
64 #define STR_SYMTAB	".symtab"
65 #define STR_STRTAB	".strtab"
66 #define STR_SHSTRTAB	".shstrtab"
67 
68 #define KSYMS_DNAME	"ksyms"
69 
70 static d_open_t ksyms_open;
71 static d_read_t ksyms_read;
72 static d_mmap_single_t ksyms_mmap_single;
73 
74 static struct cdevsw ksyms_cdevsw = {
75 	.d_version =	D_VERSION,
76 	.d_flags =	0,
77 	.d_open =	ksyms_open,
78 	.d_read =	ksyms_read,
79 	.d_mmap_single = ksyms_mmap_single,
80 	.d_name =	KSYMS_DNAME
81 };
82 
83 struct ksyms_softc {
84 	LIST_ENTRY(ksyms_softc)	sc_list;
85 	vm_offset_t		sc_uaddr;
86 	size_t			sc_usize;
87 	vm_object_t		sc_obj;
88 	vm_size_t		sc_objsz;
89 	struct proc	       *sc_proc;
90 };
91 
92 static struct sx		 ksyms_mtx;
93 static struct cdev		*ksyms_dev;
94 static LIST_HEAD(, ksyms_softc)	 ksyms_list = LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ksyms_list);
95 
96 static const char	ksyms_shstrtab[] =
97 	"\0" STR_SYMTAB "\0" STR_STRTAB "\0" STR_SHSTRTAB "\0";
98 
99 struct ksyms_hdr {
100 	Elf_Ehdr	kh_ehdr;
101 	Elf_Phdr	kh_txtphdr;
102 	Elf_Phdr	kh_datphdr;
103 	Elf_Shdr	kh_shdr[SHDR_NUM];
104 	char		kh_shstrtab[sizeof(ksyms_shstrtab)];
105 };
106 
107 struct tsizes {
108 	size_t		ts_symsz;
109 	size_t		ts_strsz;
110 };
111 
112 struct toffsets {
113 	struct ksyms_softc *to_sc;
114 	vm_offset_t	to_symoff;
115 	vm_offset_t	to_stroff;
116 	unsigned	to_stridx;
117 	size_t		to_resid;
118 };
119 
120 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_KSYMS, "KSYMS", "Kernel Symbol Table");
121 
122 /*
123  * Get the symbol and string table sizes for a kernel module. Add it to the
124  * running total.
125  */
126 static int
127 ksyms_size_permod(linker_file_t lf, void *arg)
128 {
129 	struct tsizes *ts;
130 	const Elf_Sym *symtab;
131 	caddr_t strtab;
132 	long syms;
133 
134 	ts = arg;
135 
136 	syms = LINKER_SYMTAB_GET(lf, &symtab);
137 	ts->ts_symsz += syms * sizeof(Elf_Sym);
138 	ts->ts_strsz += LINKER_STRTAB_GET(lf, &strtab);
139 
140 	return (0);
141 }
142 
143 /*
144  * For kernel module get the symbol and string table sizes, returning the
145  * totals in *ts.
146  */
147 static void
148 ksyms_size_calc(struct tsizes *ts)
149 {
150 
151 	ts->ts_symsz = 0;
152 	ts->ts_strsz = 0;
153 
154 	(void)linker_file_foreach(ksyms_size_permod, ts);
155 }
156 
157 static int
158 ksyms_emit(struct ksyms_softc *sc, void *buf, off_t off, size_t sz)
159 {
160 	struct iovec iov;
161 	struct uio uio;
162 
163 	iov.iov_base = buf;
164 	iov.iov_len = sz;
165 	uio.uio_iov = &iov;
166 	uio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
167 	uio.uio_offset = off;
168 	uio.uio_resid = (ssize_t)sz;
169 	uio.uio_segflg = UIO_SYSSPACE;
170 	uio.uio_rw = UIO_WRITE;
171 	uio.uio_td = curthread;
172 
173 	return (uiomove_object(sc->sc_obj, sc->sc_objsz, &uio));
174 }
175 
176 #define SYMBLKSZ	(256 * sizeof(Elf_Sym))
177 
178 /*
179  * For a kernel module, add the symbol and string tables into the
180  * snapshot buffer.  Fix up the offsets in the tables.
181  */
182 static int
183 ksyms_add(linker_file_t lf, void *arg)
184 {
185 	char *buf;
186 	struct ksyms_softc *sc;
187 	struct toffsets *to;
188 	const Elf_Sym *symtab;
189 	Elf_Sym *symp;
190 	caddr_t strtab;
191 	size_t len, numsyms, strsz, symsz;
192 	linker_symval_t symval;
193 	int error, i, nsyms;
194 	bool fixup;
195 
196 	buf = malloc(SYMBLKSZ, M_KSYMS, M_WAITOK);
197 	to = arg;
198 	sc = to->to_sc;
199 
200 	MOD_SLOCK;
201 	numsyms =  LINKER_SYMTAB_GET(lf, &symtab);
202 	strsz = LINKER_STRTAB_GET(lf, &strtab);
203 	symsz = numsyms * sizeof(Elf_Sym);
204 
205 #ifdef __powerpc__
206 	fixup = true;
207 #else
208 	fixup = lf->id > 1;
209 #endif
210 
211 	while (symsz > 0) {
212 		len = min(SYMBLKSZ, symsz);
213 		bcopy(symtab, buf, len);
214 
215 		/*
216 		 * Fix up symbol table for kernel modules:
217 		 *   string offsets need adjusted
218 		 *   symbol values made absolute
219 		 */
220 		symp = (Elf_Sym *) buf;
221 		nsyms = len / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
222 		for (i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
223 			symp[i].st_name += to->to_stridx;
224 			if (fixup && LINKER_SYMBOL_VALUES(lf,
225 			    (c_linker_sym_t)&symtab[i], &symval) == 0) {
226 				symp[i].st_value = (uintptr_t)symval.value;
227 			}
228 		}
229 
230 		if (len > to->to_resid) {
231 			MOD_SUNLOCK;
232 			free(buf, M_KSYMS);
233 			return (ENXIO);
234 		}
235 		to->to_resid -= len;
236 		error = ksyms_emit(sc, buf, to->to_symoff, len);
237 		to->to_symoff += len;
238 		if (error != 0) {
239 			MOD_SUNLOCK;
240 			free(buf, M_KSYMS);
241 			return (error);
242 		}
243 
244 		symtab += nsyms;
245 		symsz -= len;
246 	}
247 	free(buf, M_KSYMS);
248 	MOD_SUNLOCK;
249 
250 	if (strsz > to->to_resid)
251 		return (ENXIO);
252 	to->to_resid -= strsz;
253 	error = ksyms_emit(sc, strtab, to->to_stroff, strsz);
254 	to->to_stroff += strsz;
255 	to->to_stridx += strsz;
256 
257 	return (error);
258 }
259 
260 /*
261  * Create a single ELF symbol table for the kernel and kernel modules loaded
262  * at this time. Write this snapshot out in the process address space. Return
263  * 0 on success, otherwise error.
264  */
265 static int
266 ksyms_snapshot(struct ksyms_softc *sc, struct tsizes *ts)
267 {
268 	struct toffsets	to;
269 	struct ksyms_hdr *hdr;
270 	int error;
271 
272 	hdr = malloc(sizeof(*hdr), M_KSYMS, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
273 
274 	/*
275 	 * Create the ELF header.
276 	 */
277 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_PAD] = 0;
278 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0;
279 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1;
280 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2;
281 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3;
282 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELF_DATA;
283 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_FREEBSD;
284 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELF_CLASS;
285 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
286 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION] = 0;
287 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_type = ET_EXEC;
288 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_machine = ELF_ARCH;
289 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
290 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_entry = 0;
291 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_phoff = offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_txtphdr);
292 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_shoff = offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_shdr);
293 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_flags = 0;
294 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_ehsize = sizeof(Elf_Ehdr);
295 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
296 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_phnum = 2;	/* Text and Data */
297 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf_Shdr);
298 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_shnum = SHDR_NUM;
299 	hdr->kh_ehdr.e_shstrndx = SHDR_SHSTRTAB;
300 
301 	/*
302 	 * Add both the text and data program headers.
303 	 */
304 	hdr->kh_txtphdr.p_type = PT_LOAD;
305 	/* XXX - is there a way to put the actual .text addr/size here? */
306 	hdr->kh_txtphdr.p_vaddr = 0;
307 	hdr->kh_txtphdr.p_memsz = 0;
308 	hdr->kh_txtphdr.p_flags = PF_R | PF_X;
309 
310 	hdr->kh_datphdr.p_type = PT_LOAD;
311 	/* XXX - is there a way to put the actual .data addr/size here? */
312 	hdr->kh_datphdr.p_vaddr = 0;
313 	hdr->kh_datphdr.p_memsz = 0;
314 	hdr->kh_datphdr.p_flags = PF_R | PF_W | PF_X;
315 
316 	/*
317 	 * Add the section headers: null, symtab, strtab, shstrtab.
318 	 */
319 
320 	/* First section header - null */
321 
322 	/* Second section header - symtab */
323 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_name = 1; /* String offset (skip null) */
324 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_type = SHT_SYMTAB;
325 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_flags = 0;
326 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_addr = 0;
327 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_offset = sizeof(*hdr);
328 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_size = ts->ts_symsz;
329 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_link = SHDR_STRTAB;
330 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_info = ts->ts_symsz / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
331 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_addralign = sizeof(long);
332 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_entsize = sizeof(Elf_Sym);
333 
334 	/* Third section header - strtab */
335 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_name = 1 + sizeof(STR_SYMTAB);
336 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
337 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_flags = 0;
338 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_addr = 0;
339 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_offset =
340 	    hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_offset + ts->ts_symsz;
341 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_size = ts->ts_strsz;
342 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_link = 0;
343 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_info = 0;
344 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_addralign = sizeof(char);
345 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_entsize = 0;
346 
347 	/* Fourth section - shstrtab */
348 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_name = 1 + sizeof(STR_SYMTAB) +
349 	    sizeof(STR_STRTAB);
350 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
351 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_flags = 0;
352 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_addr = 0;
353 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_offset =
354 	    offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_shstrtab);
355 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_size = sizeof(ksyms_shstrtab);
356 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_link = 0;
357 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_info = 0;
358 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_addralign = 0 /* sizeof(char) */;
359 	hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SHSTRTAB].sh_entsize = 0;
360 
361 	/* Copy shstrtab into the header. */
362 	bcopy(ksyms_shstrtab, hdr->kh_shstrtab, sizeof(ksyms_shstrtab));
363 
364 	to.to_sc = sc;
365 	to.to_symoff = hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_SYMTAB].sh_offset;
366 	to.to_stroff = hdr->kh_shdr[SHDR_STRTAB].sh_offset;
367 	to.to_stridx = 0;
368 	to.to_resid = sc->sc_objsz - sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr);
369 
370 	/* emit header */
371 	error = ksyms_emit(sc, hdr, 0, sizeof(*hdr));
372 	free(hdr, M_KSYMS);
373 	if (error != 0)
374 		return (error);
375 
376 	/* Add symbol and string tables for each kernel module. */
377 	error = linker_file_foreach(ksyms_add, &to);
378 	if (error != 0)
379 		return (error);
380 	if (to.to_resid != 0)
381 		return (ENXIO);
382 	return (0);
383 }
384 
385 static void
386 ksyms_cdevpriv_dtr(void *data)
387 {
388 	struct ksyms_softc *sc;
389 	vm_object_t obj;
390 
391 	sc = (struct ksyms_softc *)data;
392 
393 	sx_xlock(&ksyms_mtx);
394 	LIST_REMOVE(sc, sc_list);
395 	sx_xunlock(&ksyms_mtx);
396 	obj = sc->sc_obj;
397 	if (obj != NULL)
398 		vm_object_deallocate(obj);
399 	free(sc, M_KSYMS);
400 }
401 
402 static int
403 ksyms_open(struct cdev *dev, int flags, int fmt __unused, struct thread *td)
404 {
405 	struct tsizes ts;
406 	struct ksyms_softc *sc;
407 	vm_object_t object;
408 	vm_size_t elfsz;
409 	int error, try;
410 
411 	/*
412 	 * Limit one open() per process. The process must close()
413 	 * before open()'ing again.
414 	 */
415 	sx_xlock(&ksyms_mtx);
416 	LIST_FOREACH(sc, &ksyms_list, sc_list) {
417 		if (sc->sc_proc == td->td_proc) {
418 			sx_xunlock(&ksyms_mtx);
419 			return (EBUSY);
420 		}
421 	}
422 
423 	sc = malloc(sizeof(*sc), M_KSYMS, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
424 	sc->sc_proc = td->td_proc;
425 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&ksyms_list, sc, sc_list);
426 	sx_xunlock(&ksyms_mtx);
427 
428 	error = devfs_set_cdevpriv(sc, ksyms_cdevpriv_dtr);
429 	if (error != 0) {
430 		ksyms_cdevpriv_dtr(sc);
431 		return (error);
432 	}
433 
434 	/*
435 	 * MOD_SLOCK doesn't work here (because of a lock reversal with
436 	 * KLD_SLOCK).  Therefore, simply try up to 3 times to get a "clean"
437 	 * snapshot of the kernel symbol table.  This should work fine in the
438 	 * rare case of a kernel module being loaded/unloaded at the same
439 	 * time.
440 	 */
441 	for (try = 0; try < 3; try++) {
442 		ksyms_size_calc(&ts);
443 		elfsz = sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr) + ts.ts_symsz + ts.ts_strsz;
444 
445 		object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_PHYS,
446 		    OFF_TO_IDX(round_page(elfsz)));
447 		sc->sc_obj = object;
448 		sc->sc_objsz = elfsz;
449 
450 		error = ksyms_snapshot(sc, &ts);
451 		if (error == 0)
452 			break;
453 
454 		vm_object_deallocate(sc->sc_obj);
455 		sc->sc_obj = NULL;
456 	}
457 	return (error);
458 }
459 
460 static int
461 ksyms_read(struct cdev *dev, struct uio *uio, int flags __unused)
462 {
463 	struct ksyms_softc *sc;
464 	int error;
465 
466 	error = devfs_get_cdevpriv((void **)&sc);
467 	if (error != 0)
468 		return (error);
469 	return (uiomove_object(sc->sc_obj, sc->sc_objsz, uio));
470 }
471 
472 static int
473 ksyms_mmap_single(struct cdev *dev, vm_ooffset_t *offset, vm_size_t size,
474     vm_object_t *objp, int nprot)
475 {
476 	struct ksyms_softc *sc;
477 	vm_object_t obj;
478 	int error;
479 
480 	error = devfs_get_cdevpriv((void **)&sc);
481 	if (error != 0)
482 		return (error);
483 
484 	if (*offset < 0 || *offset >= round_page(sc->sc_objsz) ||
485 	    size > round_page(sc->sc_objsz) - *offset ||
486 	    (nprot & ~PROT_READ) != 0)
487 		return (EINVAL);
488 
489 	obj = sc->sc_obj;
490 	vm_object_reference(obj);
491 	*objp = obj;
492 	return (0);
493 }
494 
495 static int
496 ksyms_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
497 {
498 	int error;
499 
500 	error = 0;
501 	switch (type) {
502 	case MOD_LOAD:
503 		sx_init(&ksyms_mtx, "KSyms mtx");
504 		ksyms_dev = make_dev(&ksyms_cdevsw, 0, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL,
505 		    0400, KSYMS_DNAME);
506 		break;
507 	case MOD_UNLOAD:
508 		if (!LIST_EMPTY(&ksyms_list))
509 			return (EBUSY);
510 		destroy_dev(ksyms_dev);
511 		sx_destroy(&ksyms_mtx);
512 		break;
513 	case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
514 		break;
515 	default:
516 		error = EOPNOTSUPP;
517 		break;
518 	}
519 	return (error);
520 }
521 
522 DEV_MODULE(ksyms, ksyms_modevent, NULL);
523 MODULE_VERSION(ksyms, 1);
524