man/man8/zpool-scrub.8

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.Dd December 11, 2024
.Dt ZPOOL-SCRUB 8
.Os
.
.Sh NAME
.Nm zpool-scrub
.Nd begin or resume scrub of ZFS storage pools
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm zpool
.Cm scrub
.Op Ns Fl e | Ns Fl p | Fl s Ns | Fl C Ns
.Op Fl w
.Op Fl S Ar date
.Op Fl E Ar date
.Fl a Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns …
.
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Begins a scrub or resumes a paused scrub.
The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify that it checksums
correctly.
For replicated
.Pq mirror, raidz, or draid
devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub.
The
.Nm zpool Cm status
command reports the progress of the scrub and summarizes the results of the
scrub upon completion.
.Pp
Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations.
The difference is that resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out
of date
.Po
for example, when attaching a new device to a mirror or replacing an existing
device
.Pc ,
whereas scrubbing examines all data to discover silent errors due to hardware
faults or disk failure.
.Pp
When scrubbing a pool with encrypted filesystems the keys do not need to be
loaded.
However, if the keys are not loaded and an unrepairable checksum error is
detected the file name cannot be included in the
.Nm zpool Cm status Fl v
verbose error report.
.Pp
Because scrubbing and resilvering are I/O-intensive operations, ZFS only allows
one at a time.
.Pp
A scrub is split into two parts: metadata scanning and block scrubbing.
The metadata scanning sorts blocks into large sequential ranges which can then
be read much more efficiently from disk when issuing the scrub I/O.
.Pp
If a scrub is paused, the
.Nm zpool Cm scrub
resumes it.
If a resilver is in progress, ZFS does not allow a scrub to be started until the
resilver completes.
.Pp
Note that, due to changes in pool data on a live system, it is possible for
scrubs to progress slightly beyond 100% completion.
During this period, no completion time estimate will be provided.
.
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width "-s"
.It Fl a , -all
Begin, pause, stop scrub on
all
pools.
Initiating scrubs on multiple pools can put considerable load and memory
pressure on the system, so this operation should be performed with caution.
.It Fl s
Stop scrubbing.
.It Fl p
Pause scrubbing.
Scrub pause state and progress are periodically synced to disk.
If the system is restarted or pool is exported during a paused scrub,
even after import, scrub will remain paused until it is resumed.
Once resumed the scrub will pick up from the place where it was last
checkpointed to disk.
To resume a paused scrub issue
.Nm zpool Cm scrub
or
.Nm zpool Cm scrub
.Fl e
again.
.It Fl w
Wait until scrub has completed before returning.
.It Fl e
Only scrub files with known data errors as reported by
.Nm zpool Cm status Fl v .
The pool must have been scrubbed at least once with the
.Sy head_errlog
feature enabled to use this option.
Error scrubbing cannot be run simultaneously with regular scrubbing or
resilvering, nor can it be run when a regular scrub is paused.
.It Fl C
Continue scrub from last saved txg (see zpool
.Sy last_scrubbed_txg
property).
.It Fl S Ar date , Fl E Ar date
Allows specifying the date range for blocks created between these dates.
.Bl -bullet -compact -offset indent
.It
.Fl S
Defines a start date.
If not specified, scrubbing begins from the start of the pool's
existence.
.It
.Fl E
Defines an end date.
If not specified, scrubbing continues up to the most recent data.
.El
The provided date should be in the format:
.Dq YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM .
Where:
.Bl -bullet -compact -offset indent
.It
.Dq YYYY
is the year.
.It
.Dq MM
is the numeric representation of the month.
.It
.Dq DD
is the day of the month.
.It
.Dq HH
is the hour.
.It
.Dq MM
is the minutes.
.El
The hour and minutes parameters can be omitted.
The time should be provided in machine local time zone.
Specifying dates prior to enabling this feature will result in scrubbing
starting from the date the pool was created.
If the time was moved backward manually the data range may become inaccurate.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Ss Example 1
Status of pool with ongoing scrub:
.sp
.Bd -literal -compact
.No # Nm zpool Cm status
  ...
  scan: scrub in progress since Sun Jul 25 16:07:49 2021
        403M / 405M scanned at 100M/s, 68.4M / 405M issued at 10.0M/s
        0B repaired, 16.91% done, 00:00:04 to go
  ...
.Ed
.Pp
Where metadata which references 403M of file data has been
scanned at 100M/s, and 68.4M of that file data has been
scrubbed sequentially at 10.0M/s.
.Sh PERIODIC SCRUB
On machines using systemd, scrub timers can be enabled on per-pool basis.
.Nm weekly
and
.Nm monthly
timer units are provided.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Xo
.Xc
.Nm systemctl
.Cm enable
.Cm zfs-scrub-\fIweekly\fB@\fIrpool\fB.timer
.Cm --now
.It Xo
.Xc
.Nm systemctl
.Cm enable
.Cm zfs-scrub-\fImonthly\fB@\fIotherpool\fB.timer
.Cm --now
.El
.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr systemd.timer 5 ,
.Xr zpool-iostat 8 ,
.Xr zpool-resilver 8 ,
.Xr zpool-status 8