1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2018 by Delphix. All rights reserved. 3.\" Copyright (c) 2013 by Saso Kiselkov. All rights reserved. 4.\" Copyright (c) 2014, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved. 5.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development 6.\" and Distribution License (the "License"). You may not use this file except 7.\" in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy of the license at 8.\" usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. 9.\" 10.\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 11.\" limitations under the License. When distributing Covered Code, include this 12.\" CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at 13.\" usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. If applicable, add the following below this 14.\" CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your 15.\" own identifying information: 16.\" Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 17.\" Copyright (c) 2019, Klara Inc. 18.\" Copyright (c) 2019, Allan Jude 19.\" Copyright (c) 2021, Colm Buckley <colm@tuatha.org> 20.\" 21.Dd May 31, 2021 22.Dt ZPOOL-FEATURES 7 23.Os 24. 25.Sh NAME 26.Nm zpool-features 27.Nd description of ZFS pool features 28. 29.Sh DESCRIPTION 30ZFS pool on-disk format versions are specified via "features" which replace 31the old on-disk format numbers (the last supported on-disk format number is 28). 32To enable a feature on a pool use the 33.Nm zpool Cm upgrade , 34or set the 35.Sy feature Ns @ Ns Ar feature-name 36property to 37.Sy enabled . 38Please also see the 39.Sx Compatibility feature sets 40section for information on how sets of features may be enabled together. 41.Pp 42The pool format does not affect file system version compatibility or the ability 43to send file systems between pools. 44.Pp 45Since most features can be enabled independently of each other, the on-disk 46format of the pool is specified by the set of all features marked as 47.Sy active 48on the pool. 49If the pool was created by another software version 50this set may include unsupported features. 51. 52.Ss Identifying features 53Every feature has a GUID of the form 54.Ar com.example : Ns Ar feature-name . 55The reversed DNS name ensures that the feature's GUID is unique across all ZFS 56implementations. 57When unsupported features are encountered on a pool they will 58be identified by their GUIDs. 59Refer to the documentation for the ZFS 60implementation that created the pool for information about those features. 61.Pp 62Each supported feature also has a short name. 63By convention a feature's short name is the portion of its GUID which follows the 64.Sq \&: 65(i.e. 66.Ar com.example : Ns Ar feature-name 67would have the short name 68.Ar feature-name ) , 69however a feature's short name may differ across ZFS implementations if 70following the convention would result in name conflicts. 71. 72.Ss Feature states 73Features can be in one of three states: 74.Bl -tag -width "disabled" 75.It Sy active 76This feature's on-disk format changes are in effect on the pool. 77Support for this feature is required to import the pool in read-write mode. 78If this feature is not read-only compatible, 79support is also required to import the pool in read-only mode 80.Pq see Sx Read-only compatibility . 81.It Sy enabled 82An administrator has marked this feature as enabled on the pool, but the 83feature's on-disk format changes have not been made yet. 84The pool can still be imported by software that does not support this feature, 85but changes may be made to the on-disk format at any time 86which will move the feature to the 87.Sy active 88state. 89Some features may support returning to the 90.Sy enabled 91state after becoming 92.Sy active . 93See feature-specific documentation for details. 94.It Sy disabled 95This feature's on-disk format changes have not been made and will not be made 96unless an administrator moves the feature to the 97.Sy enabled 98state. 99Features cannot be disabled once they have been enabled. 100.El 101.Pp 102The state of supported features is exposed through pool properties of the form 103.Sy feature Ns @ Ns Ar short-name . 104. 105.Ss Read-only compatibility 106Some features may make on-disk format changes that do not interfere with other 107software's ability to read from the pool. 108These features are referred to as 109.Dq read-only compatible . 110If all unsupported features on a pool are read-only compatible, 111the pool can be imported in read-only mode by setting the 112.Sy readonly 113property during import (see 114.Xr zpool-import 8 115for details on importing pools). 116. 117.Ss Unsupported features 118For each unsupported feature enabled on an imported pool, a pool property 119named 120.Sy unsupported Ns @ Ns Ar feature-name 121will indicate why the import was allowed despite the unsupported feature. 122Possible values for this property are: 123.Bl -tag -width "readonly" 124.It Sy inactive 125The feature is in the 126.Sy enabled 127state and therefore the pool's on-disk 128format is still compatible with software that does not support this feature. 129.It Sy readonly 130The feature is read-only compatible and the pool has been imported in 131read-only mode. 132.El 133. 134.Ss Feature dependencies 135Some features depend on other features being enabled in order to function. 136Enabling a feature will automatically enable any features it depends on. 137. 138.Ss Compatibility feature sets 139It is sometimes necessary for a pool to maintain compatibility with a 140specific on-disk format, by enabling and disabling particular features. 141The 142.Sy compatibility 143feature facilitates this by allowing feature sets to be read from text files. 144When set to 145.Sy off 146(the default), compatibility feature sets are disabled 147(i.e. all features are enabled); when set to 148.Sy legacy , 149no features are enabled. 150When set to a comma-separated list of filenames 151(each filename may either be an absolute path, or relative to 152.Pa /etc/zfs/compatibility.d 153or 154.Pa /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d ) , 155the lists of requested features are read from those files, 156separated by whitespace and/or commas. 157Only features present in all files are enabled. 158.Pp 159Simple sanity checks are applied to the files: 160they must be between 1B and 16kB in size, and must end with a newline character. 161.Pp 162The requested features are applied when a pool is created using 163.Nm zpool Cm create Fl o Sy compatibility Ns = Ns Ar … 164and controls which features are enabled when using 165.Nm zpool Cm upgrade . 166.Nm zpool Cm status 167will not show a warning about disabled features which are not part 168of the requested feature set. 169.Pp 170The special value 171.Sy legacy 172prevents any features from being enabled, either via 173.Nm zpool Cm upgrade 174or 175.Nm zpool Cm set Sy feature Ns @ Ns Ar feature-name Ns = Ns Sy enabled . 176This setting also prevents pools from being upgraded to newer on-disk versions. 177This is a safety measure to prevent new features from being 178accidentally enabled, breaking compatibility. 179.Pp 180By convention, compatibility files in 181.Pa /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d 182are provided by the distribution, and include feature sets 183supported by important versions of popular distributions, and feature 184sets commonly supported at the start of each year. 185Compatibility files in 186.Pa /etc/zfs/compatibility.d , 187if present, will take precedence over files with the same name in 188.Pa /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d . 189.Pp 190If an unrecognized feature is found in these files, an error message will 191be shown. 192If the unrecognized feature is in a file in 193.Pa /etc/zfs/compatibility.d , 194this is treated as an error and processing will stop. 195If the unrecognized feature is under 196.Pa /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d , 197this is treated as a warning and processing will continue. 198This difference is to allow distributions to include features 199which might not be recognized by the currently-installed binaries. 200.Pp 201Compatibility files may include comments: 202any text from 203.Sq # 204to the end of the line is ignored. 205.Pp 206.Sy Example : 207.Bd -literal -compact -offset 4n 208.No example# Nm cat Pa /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d/grub2 209# Features which are supported by GRUB2 210async_destroy 211bookmarks 212embedded_data 213empty_bpobj 214enabled_txg 215extensible_dataset 216filesystem_limits 217hole_birth 218large_blocks 219lz4_compress 220spacemap_histogram 221 222.No example# Nm zpool Cm create Fl o Sy compatibility Ns = Ns Ar grub2 Ar bootpool Ar vdev 223.Ed 224.Pp 225See 226.Xr zpool-create 8 227and 228.Xr zpool-upgrade 8 229for more information on how these commands are affected by feature sets. 230. 231.de feature 232.It Sy \\$2 233.Bl -tag -compact -width "READ-ONLY COMPATIBLE" 234.It GUID 235.Sy \\$1:\\$2 236.if !"\\$4"" \{\ 237.It DEPENDENCIES 238\fB\\$4\fP\c 239.if !"\\$5"" , \fB\\$5\fP\c 240.if !"\\$6"" , \fB\\$6\fP\c 241.if !"\\$7"" , \fB\\$7\fP\c 242.if !"\\$8"" , \fB\\$8\fP\c 243.if !"\\$9"" , \fB\\$9\fP\c 244.\} 245.It READ-ONLY COMPATIBLE 246\\$3 247.El 248.Pp 249.. 250. 251.ds instant-never \ 252.No This feature becomes Sy active No as soon as it is enabled \ 253and will never return to being Sy enabled . 254. 255.ds remount-upgrade \ 256.No Each filesystem will be upgraded automatically when remounted, \ 257or when a new file is created under that filesystem. \ 258The upgrade can also be triggered on filesystems via \ 259Nm zfs Cm set Sy version Ns = Ns Sy current Ar fs . \ 260No The upgrade process runs in the background and may take a while to complete \ 261for filesystems containing large amounts of files. 262. 263.de checksum-spiel 264When the 265.Sy \\$1 266feature is set to 267.Sy enabled , 268the administrator can turn on the 269.Sy \\$1 270checksum on any dataset using 271.Nm zfs Cm set Sy checksum Ns = Ns Sy \\$1 Ar dset 272.Po see Xr zfs-set 8 Pc . 273This feature becomes 274.Sy active 275once a 276.Sy checksum 277property has been set to 278.Sy \\$1 , 279and will return to being 280.Sy enabled 281once all filesystems that have ever had their checksum set to 282.Sy \\$1 283are destroyed. 284.. 285. 286.Sh FEATURES 287The following features are supported on this system: 288.Bl -tag -width Ds 289.feature org.zfsonlinux allocation_classes yes 290This feature enables support for separate allocation classes. 291.Pp 292This feature becomes 293.Sy active 294when a dedicated allocation class vdev (dedup or special) is created with the 295.Nm zpool Cm create No or Nm zpool Cm add No commands . 296With device removal, it can be returned to the 297.Sy enabled 298state if all the dedicated allocation class vdevs are removed. 299. 300.feature com.delphix async_destroy yes 301Destroying a file system requires traversing all of its data in order to 302return its used space to the pool. 303Without 304.Sy async_destroy , 305the file system is not fully removed until all space has been reclaimed. 306If the destroy operation is interrupted by a reboot or power outage, 307the next attempt to open the pool will need to complete the destroy 308operation synchronously. 309.Pp 310When 311.Sy async_destroy 312is enabled, the file system's data will be reclaimed by a background process, 313allowing the destroy operation to complete 314without traversing the entire file system. 315The background process is able to resume 316interrupted destroys after the pool has been opened, eliminating the need 317to finish interrupted destroys as part of the open operation. 318The amount of space remaining to be reclaimed by the background process 319is available through the 320.Sy freeing 321property. 322.Pp 323This feature is only 324.Sy active 325while 326.Sy freeing 327is non-zero. 328. 329.feature com.delphix bookmarks yes extensible_dataset 330This feature enables use of the 331.Nm zfs Cm bookmark 332command. 333.Pp 334This feature is 335.Sy active 336while any bookmarks exist in the pool. 337All bookmarks in the pool can be listed by running 338.Nm zfs Cm list Fl t Sy bookmark Fl r Ar poolname . 339. 340.feature com.datto bookmark_v2 no bookmark extensible_dataset 341This feature enables the creation and management of larger bookmarks which are 342needed for other features in ZFS. 343.Pp 344This feature becomes 345.Sy active 346when a v2 bookmark is created and will be returned to the 347.Sy enabled 348state when all v2 bookmarks are destroyed. 349. 350.feature com.delphix bookmark_written no bookmark extensible_dataset bookmark_v2 351This feature enables additional bookmark accounting fields, enabling the 352.Sy written Ns # Ns Ar bookmark 353property (space written since a bookmark) and estimates of 354send stream sizes for incrementals from bookmarks. 355.Pp 356This feature becomes 357.Sy active 358when a bookmark is created and will be 359returned to the 360.Sy enabled 361state when all bookmarks with these fields are destroyed. 362. 363.feature org.openzfs device_rebuild yes 364This feature enables the ability for the 365.Nm zpool Cm attach 366and 367.Nm zpool Cm replace 368commands to perform sequential reconstruction 369(instead of healing reconstruction) when resilvering. 370.Pp 371Sequential reconstruction resilvers a device in LBA order without immediately 372verifying the checksums. 373Once complete, a scrub is started, which then verifies the checksums. 374This approach allows full redundancy to be restored to the pool 375in the minimum amount of time. 376This two-phase approach will take longer than a healing resilver 377when the time to verify the checksums is included. 378However, unless there is additional pool damage, 379no checksum errors should be reported by the scrub. 380This feature is incompatible with raidz configurations. 381. 382This feature becomes 383.Sy active 384while a sequential resilver is in progress, and returns to 385.Sy enabled 386when the resilver completes. 387. 388.feature com.delphix device_removal no 389This feature enables the 390.Nm zpool Cm remove 391command to remove top-level vdevs, 392evacuating them to reduce the total size of the pool. 393.Pp 394This feature becomes 395.Sy active 396when the 397.Nm zpool Cm remove 398command is used 399on a top-level vdev, and will never return to being 400.Sy enabled . 401. 402.feature org.openzfs draid no 403This feature enables use of the 404.Sy draid 405vdev type. 406dRAID is a variant of raidz which provides integrated distributed 407hot spares that allow faster resilvering while retaining the benefits of raidz. 408Data, parity, and spare space are organized in redundancy groups 409and distributed evenly over all of the devices. 410.Pp 411This feature becomes 412.Sy active 413when creating a pool which uses the 414.Sy draid 415vdev type, or when adding a new 416.Sy draid 417vdev to an existing pool. 418. 419.feature org.illumos edonr no extensible_dataset 420This feature enables the use of the Edon-R hash algorithm for checksum, 421including for nopwrite (if compression is also enabled, an overwrite of 422a block whose checksum matches the data being written will be ignored). 423In an abundance of caution, Edon-R requires verification when used with 424dedup: 425.Nm zfs Cm set Sy dedup Ns = Ns Sy edonr , Ns Sy verify 426.Po see Xr zfs-set 8 Pc . 427.Pp 428Edon-R is a very high-performance hash algorithm that was part 429of the NIST SHA-3 competition. 430It provides extremely high hash performance (over 350% faster than SHA-256), 431but was not selected because of its unsuitability 432as a general purpose secure hash algorithm. 433This implementation utilizes the new salted checksumming functionality 434in ZFS, which means that the checksum is pre-seeded with a secret 435256-bit random key (stored on the pool) before being fed the data block 436to be checksummed. 437Thus the produced checksums are unique to a given pool, 438preventing hash collision attacks on systems with dedup. 439.Pp 440.checksum-spiel edonr 441.Pp 442.Fx does not support the Sy edonr No feature. 443. 444.feature com.delphix embedded_data no 445This feature improves the performance and compression ratio of 446highly-compressible blocks. 447Blocks whose contents can compress to 112 bytes 448or smaller can take advantage of this feature. 449.Pp 450When this feature is enabled, the contents of highly-compressible blocks are 451stored in the block "pointer" itself (a misnomer in this case, as it contains 452the compressed data, rather than a pointer to its location on disk). 453Thus the space of the block (one sector, typically 512B or 4kB) is saved, 454and no additional I/O is needed to read and write the data block. 455. 456\*[instant-never] 457. 458.feature com.delphix empty_bpobj yes 459This feature increases the performance of creating and using a large 460number of snapshots of a single filesystem or volume, and also reduces 461the disk space required. 462.Pp 463When there are many snapshots, each snapshot uses many Block Pointer 464Objects (bpobjs) to track blocks associated with that snapshot. 465However, in common use cases, most of these bpobjs are empty. 466This feature allows us to create each bpobj on-demand, 467thus eliminating the empty bpobjs. 468.Pp 469This feature is 470.Sy active 471while there are any filesystems, volumes, 472or snapshots which were created after enabling this feature. 473. 474.feature com.delphix enabled_txg yes 475Once this feature is enabled, ZFS records the transaction group number 476in which new features are enabled. 477This has no user-visible impact, but other features may depend on this feature. 478.Pp 479This feature becomes 480.Sy active 481 as soon as it is enabled and will 482never return to being 483.Sy enabled . 484. 485.feature com.datto encryption no bookmark_v2 extensible_dataset 486This feature enables the creation and management of natively encrypted datasets. 487.Pp 488This feature becomes 489.Sy active 490when an encrypted dataset is created and will be returned to the 491.Sy enabled 492state when all datasets that use this feature are destroyed. 493. 494.feature com.delphix extensible_dataset no 495This feature allows more flexible use of internal ZFS data structures, 496and exists for other features to depend on. 497.Pp 498This feature will be 499.Sy active 500when the first dependent feature uses it, and will be returned to the 501.Sy enabled 502state when all datasets that use this feature are destroyed. 503. 504.feature com.joyent filesystem_limits yes extensible_dataset 505This feature enables filesystem and snapshot limits. 506These limits can be used to control how many filesystems and/or snapshots 507can be created at the point in the tree on which the limits are set. 508.Pp 509This feature is 510.Sy active 511once either of the limit properties has been set on a dataset. 512Once activated the feature is never deactivated. 513. 514.feature com.delphix hole_birth no enabled_txg 515This feature has/had bugs, the result of which is that, if you do a 516.Nm zfs Cm send Fl i 517.Pq or Fl R , No since it uses Fl i 518from an affected dataset, the receiving party will not see any checksum 519or other errors, but the resulting destination snapshot 520will not match the source. 521Its use by 522.Nm zfs Cm send Fl i 523has been disabled by default 524.Pq see Sy send_holes_without_birth_time No in Xr zfs 4 . 525.Pp 526This feature improves performance of incremental sends 527.Pq Nm zfs Cm send Fl i 528and receives for objects with many holes. 529The most common case of hole-filled objects is zvols. 530.Pp 531An incremental send stream from snapshot 532.Sy A No to snapshot Sy B 533contains information about every block that changed between 534.Sy A No and Sy B . 535Blocks which did not change between those snapshots can be 536identified and omitted from the stream using a piece of metadata called 537the "block birth time", but birth times are not recorded for holes 538(blocks filled only with zeroes). 539Since holes created after 540.Sy A No cannot be distinguished from holes created before Sy A , 541information about every hole in the entire filesystem or zvol 542is included in the send stream. 543.Pp 544For workloads where holes are rare this is not a problem. 545However, when incrementally replicating filesystems or zvols with many holes 546(for example a zvol formatted with another filesystem) a lot of time will 547be spent sending and receiving unnecessary information about holes that 548already exist on the receiving side. 549.Pp 550Once the 551.Sy hole_birth 552feature has been enabled the block birth times 553of all new holes will be recorded. 554Incremental sends between snapshots created after this feature is enabled 555will use this new metadata to avoid sending information about holes that 556already exist on the receiving side. 557.Pp 558\*[instant-never] 559. 560.feature org.open-zfs large_blocks no extensible_dataset 561This feature allows the record size on a dataset to be set larger than 128kB. 562.Pp 563This feature becomes 564.Sy active 565once a dataset contains a file with a block size larger than 128kB, 566and will return to being 567.Sy enabled 568once all filesystems that have ever had their recordsize larger than 128kB 569are destroyed. 570. 571.feature org.zfsonlinux large_dnode no extensible_dataset 572This feature allows the size of dnodes in a dataset to be set larger than 512B. 573. 574This feature becomes 575.Sy active 576once a dataset contains an object with a dnode larger than 512B, 577which occurs as a result of setting the 578.Sy dnodesize 579dataset property to a value other than 580.Sy legacy . 581The feature will return to being 582.Sy enabled 583once all filesystems that have ever contained a dnode larger than 512B 584are destroyed. 585Large dnodes allow more data to be stored in the bonus buffer, 586thus potentially improving performance by avoiding the use of spill blocks. 587. 588.feature com.delphix livelist yes 589This feature allows clones to be deleted faster than the traditional method 590when a large number of random/sparse writes have been made to the clone. 591All blocks allocated and freed after a clone is created are tracked by the 592the clone's livelist which is referenced during the deletion of the clone. 593The feature is activated when a clone is created and remains 594.Sy active 595until all clones have been destroyed. 596. 597.feature com.delphix log_spacemap yes com.delphix:spacemap_v2 598This feature improves performance for heavily-fragmented pools, 599especially when workloads are heavy in random-writes. 600It does so by logging all the metaslab changes on a single spacemap every TXG 601instead of scattering multiple writes to all the metaslab spacemaps. 602.Pp 603\*[instant-never] 604. 605.feature org.illumos lz4_compress no 606.Sy lz4 607is a high-performance real-time compression algorithm that 608features significantly faster compression and decompression as well as a 609higher compression ratio than the older 610.Sy lzjb 611compression. 612Typically, 613.Sy lz4 614compression is approximately 50% faster on compressible data and 200% faster 615on incompressible data than 616.Sy lzjb . 617It is also approximately 80% faster on decompression, 618while giving approximately a 10% better compression ratio. 619.Pp 620When the 621.Sy lz4_compress 622feature is set to 623.Sy enabled , 624the administrator can turn on 625.Sy lz4 626compression on any dataset on the pool using the 627.Xr zfs-set 8 628command. 629All newly written metadata will be compressed with the 630.Sy lz4 631algorithm. 632.Pp 633\*[instant-never] 634. 635.feature com.joyent multi_vdev_crash_dump no 636This feature allows a dump device to be configured with a pool comprised 637of multiple vdevs. 638Those vdevs may be arranged in any mirrored or raidz configuration. 639.Pp 640When the 641.Sy multi_vdev_crash_dump 642feature is set to 643.Sy enabled , 644the administrator can use 645.Xr dumpadm 1M 646to configure a dump device on a pool comprised of multiple vdevs. 647.Pp 648Under 649.Fx 650and Linux this feature is unused, but registered for compatibility. 651New pools created on these systems will have the feature 652.Sy enabled 653but will never transition to 654.Sy active , 655as this functionality is not required for crash dump support. 656Existing pools where this feature is 657.Sy active 658can be imported. 659. 660.feature com.delphix obsolete_counts yes device_removal 661This feature is an enhancement of 662.Sy device_removal , 663which will over time reduce the memory used to track removed devices. 664When indirect blocks are freed or remapped, 665we note that their part of the indirect mapping is "obsolete" – no longer needed. 666.Pp 667This feature becomes 668.Sy active 669when the 670.Nm zpool Cm remove 671command is used on a top-level vdev, and will never return to being 672.Sy enabled . 673. 674.feature org.zfsonlinux project_quota yes extensible_dataset 675This feature allows administrators to account the spaces and objects usage 676information against the project identifier (ID). 677.Pp 678The project ID is an object-based attribute. 679When upgrading an existing filesystem, 680objects without a project ID will be assigned a zero project ID. 681When this feature is enabled, newly created objects inherit 682their parent directories' project ID if the parent's inherit flag is set 683.Pq via Nm chattr Sy [+-]P No or Nm zfs Cm project Fl s Ns | Ns Fl C . 684Otherwise, the new object's project ID will be zero. 685An object's project ID can be changed at any time by the owner 686(or privileged user) via 687.Nm chattr Fl p Ar prjid 688or 689.Nm zfs Cm project Fl p Ar prjid . 690.Pp 691This feature will become 692.Sy active 693as soon as it is enabled and will never return to being 694.Sy disabled . 695\*[remount-upgrade] 696. 697.feature com.delphix redaction_bookmarks no bookmarks extensible_dataset 698This feature enables the use of redacted 699.Nm zfs Cm send Ns s , 700which create redaction bookmarks storing the list of blocks 701redacted by the send that created them. 702For more information about redacted sends, see 703.Xr zfs-send 8 . 704. 705.feature com.delphix redacted_datasets no extensible_dataset 706This feature enables the receiving of redacted 707.Nm zfs Cm send Ns 708streams. which create redacted datasets when received. 709These datasets are missing some of their blocks, 710and so cannot be safely mounted, and their contents cannot be safely read. 711For more information about redacted receives, see 712.Xr zfs-send 8 . 713. 714.feature com.datto resilver_defer yes 715This feature allows ZFS to postpone new resilvers if an existing one is already 716in progress. 717Without this feature, any new resilvers will cause the currently 718running one to be immediately restarted from the beginning. 719.Pp 720This feature becomes 721.Sy active 722once a resilver has been deferred, and returns to being 723.Sy enabled 724when the deferred resilver begins. 725. 726.feature org.illumos sha512 no extensible_dataset 727This feature enables the use of the SHA-512/256 truncated hash algorithm 728(FIPS 180-4) for checksum and dedup. 729The native 64-bit arithmetic of SHA-512 provides an approximate 50% 730performance boost over SHA-256 on 64-bit hardware 731and is thus a good minimum-change replacement candidate 732for systems where hash performance is important, 733but these systems cannot for whatever reason utilize the faster 734.Sy skein No and Sy edonr 735algorithms. 736.Pp 737.checksum-spiel sha512 738. 739.feature org.illumos skein no extensible_dataset 740This feature enables the use of the Skein hash algorithm for checksum and dedup. 741Skein is a high-performance secure hash algorithm that was a 742finalist in the NIST SHA-3 competition. 743It provides a very high security margin and high performance on 64-bit hardware 744(80% faster than SHA-256). 745This implementation also utilizes the new salted checksumming 746functionality in ZFS, which means that the checksum is pre-seeded with a 747secret 256-bit random key (stored on the pool) before being fed the data 748block to be checksummed. 749Thus the produced checksums are unique to a given pool, 750preventing hash collision attacks on systems with dedup. 751.Pp 752.checksum-spiel skein 753. 754.feature com.delphix spacemap_histogram yes 755This features allows ZFS to maintain more information about how free space 756is organized within the pool. 757If this feature is 758.Sy enabled , 759it will be activated when a new space map object is created, or 760an existing space map is upgraded to the new format, 761and never returns back to being 762.Sy enabled . 763. 764.feature com.delphix spacemap_v2 yes 765This feature enables the use of the new space map encoding which 766consists of two words (instead of one) whenever it is advantageous. 767The new encoding allows space maps to represent large regions of 768space more efficiently on-disk while also increasing their maximum 769addressable offset. 770.Pp 771This feature becomes 772.Sy active 773once it is 774.Sy enabled , 775and never returns back to being 776.Sy enabled . 777. 778.feature org.zfsonlinux userobj_accounting yes extensible_dataset 779This feature allows administrators to account the object usage information 780by user and group. 781.Pp 782\*[instant-never] 783\*[remount-upgrade] 784. 785.feature com.delphix zpool_checkpoint yes 786This feature enables the 787.Nm zpool Cm checkpoint 788command that can checkpoint the state of the pool 789at the time it was issued and later rewind back to it or discard it. 790.Pp 791This feature becomes 792.Sy active 793when the 794.Nm zpool Cm checkpoint 795command is used to checkpoint the pool. 796The feature will only return back to being 797.Sy enabled 798when the pool is rewound or the checkpoint has been discarded. 799. 800.feature org.freebsd zstd_compress no extensible_dataset 801.Sy zstd 802is a high-performance compression algorithm that features a 803combination of high compression ratios and high speed. 804Compared to 805.Sy gzip , 806.Sy zstd 807offers slightly better compression at much higher speeds. 808Compared to 809.Sy lz4 , 810.Sy zstd 811offers much better compression while being only modestly slower. 812Typically, 813.Sy zstd 814compression speed ranges from 250 to 500 MB/s per thread 815and decompression speed is over 1 GB/s per thread. 816.Pp 817When the 818.Sy zstd 819feature is set to 820.Sy enabled , 821the administrator can turn on 822.Sy zstd 823compression of any dataset using 824.Nm zfs Cm set Sy compress Ns = Ns Sy zstd Ar dset 825.Po see Xr zfs-set 8 Pc . 826This feature becomes 827.Sy active 828once a 829.Sy compress 830property has been set to 831.Sy zstd , 832and will return to being 833.Sy enabled 834once all filesystems that have ever had their 835.Sy compress 836property set to 837.Sy zstd 838are destroyed. 839.El 840. 841.Sh SEE ALSO 842.Xr zpool 8 843