xref: /freebsd/sys/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/uts/common/dtrace/fasttrap.c (revision 4f52dfbb8d6c4d446500c5b097e3806ec219fbd4)

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 *
 * Portions Copyright 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
 *
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

/*
 * Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

#include <sys/atomic.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/modctl.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#ifdef illumos
#include <sys/ddi.h>
#endif
#include <sys/sunddi.h>
#include <sys/cpuvar.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#ifdef illumos
#include <sys/strsubr.h>
#endif
#include <sys/fasttrap.h>
#include <sys/fasttrap_impl.h>
#include <sys/fasttrap_isa.h>
#include <sys/dtrace.h>
#include <sys/dtrace_impl.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/policy.h>
#ifdef illumos
#include <util/qsort.h>
#endif
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#ifndef illumos
#include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
#include <sys/eventhandler.h>
#include <sys/rmlock.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/u8_textprep.h>
#include <sys/user.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>

#include <cddl/dev/dtrace/dtrace_cddl.h>
#endif

/*
 * User-Land Trap-Based Tracing
 * ----------------------------
 *
 * The fasttrap provider allows DTrace consumers to instrument any user-level
 * instruction to gather data; this includes probes with semantic
 * signifigance like entry and return as well as simple offsets into the
 * function. While the specific techniques used are very ISA specific, the
 * methodology is generalizable to any architecture.
 *
 *
 * The General Methodology
 * -----------------------
 *
 * With the primary goal of tracing every user-land instruction and the
 * limitation that we can't trust user space so don't want to rely on much
 * information there, we begin by replacing the instructions we want to trace
 * with trap instructions. Each instruction we overwrite is saved into a hash
 * table keyed by process ID and pc address. When we enter the kernel due to
 * this trap instruction, we need the effects of the replaced instruction to
 * appear to have occurred before we proceed with the user thread's
 * execution.
 *
 * Each user level thread is represented by a ulwp_t structure which is
 * always easily accessible through a register. The most basic way to produce
 * the effects of the instruction we replaced is to copy that instruction out
 * to a bit of scratch space reserved in the user thread's ulwp_t structure
 * (a sort of kernel-private thread local storage), set the PC to that
 * scratch space and single step. When we reenter the kernel after single
 * stepping the instruction we must then adjust the PC to point to what would
 * normally be the next instruction. Of course, special care must be taken
 * for branches and jumps, but these represent such a small fraction of any
 * instruction set that writing the code to emulate these in the kernel is
 * not too difficult.
 *
 * Return probes may require several tracepoints to trace every return site,
 * and, conversely, each tracepoint may activate several probes (the entry
 * and offset 0 probes, for example). To solve this muliplexing problem,
 * tracepoints contain lists of probes to activate and probes contain lists
 * of tracepoints to enable. If a probe is activated, it adds its ID to
 * existing tracepoints or creates new ones as necessary.
 *
 * Most probes are activated _before_ the instruction is executed, but return
 * probes are activated _after_ the effects of the last instruction of the
 * function are visible. Return probes must be fired _after_ we have
 * single-stepped the instruction whereas all other probes are fired
 * beforehand.
 *
 *
 * Lock Ordering
 * -------------
 *
 * The lock ordering below -- both internally and with respect to the DTrace
 * framework -- is a little tricky and bears some explanation. Each provider
 * has a lock (ftp_mtx) that protects its members including reference counts
 * for enabled probes (ftp_rcount), consumers actively creating probes
 * (ftp_ccount) and USDT consumers (ftp_mcount); all three prevent a provider
 * from being freed. A provider is looked up by taking the bucket lock for the
 * provider hash table, and is returned with its lock held. The provider lock
 * may be taken in functions invoked by the DTrace framework, but may not be
 * held while calling functions in the DTrace framework.
 *
 * To ensure consistency over multiple calls to the DTrace framework, the
 * creation lock (ftp_cmtx) should be held. Naturally, the creation lock may
 * not be taken when holding the provider lock as that would create a cyclic
 * lock ordering. In situations where one would naturally take the provider
 * lock and then the creation lock, we instead up a reference count to prevent
 * the provider from disappearing, drop the provider lock, and acquire the
 * creation lock.
 *
 * Briefly:
 * 	bucket lock before provider lock
 *	DTrace before provider lock
 *	creation lock before DTrace
 *	never hold the provider lock and creation lock simultaneously
 */

static d_open_t fasttrap_open;
static d_ioctl_t fasttrap_ioctl;

static struct cdevsw fasttrap_cdevsw = {
	.d_version	= D_VERSION,
	.d_open		= fasttrap_open,
	.d_ioctl	= fasttrap_ioctl,
	.d_name		= "fasttrap",
};
static struct cdev *fasttrap_cdev;
static dtrace_meta_provider_id_t fasttrap_meta_id;

static struct proc *fasttrap_cleanup_proc;
static struct mtx fasttrap_cleanup_mtx;
static uint_t fasttrap_cleanup_work, fasttrap_cleanup_drain, fasttrap_cleanup_cv;

/*
 * Generation count on modifications to the global tracepoint lookup table.
 */
static volatile uint64_t fasttrap_mod_gen;

/*
 * When the fasttrap provider is loaded, fasttrap_max is set to either
 * FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT, or the value for fasttrap-max-probes in the
 * fasttrap.conf file (Illumos), or the value provied in the loader.conf (FreeBSD).
 * Each time a probe is created, fasttrap_total is incremented by the number
 * of tracepoints that may be associated with that probe; fasttrap_total is capped
 * at fasttrap_max.
 */
#define	FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT		250000
static uint32_t fasttrap_max = FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT;
static uint32_t fasttrap_total;

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

#define	FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE	0x4000
#define	FASTTRAP_PROVIDERS_DEFAULT_SIZE	0x100
#define	FASTTRAP_PROCS_DEFAULT_SIZE	0x100

#define	FASTTRAP_PID_NAME		"pid"

fasttrap_hash_t			fasttrap_tpoints;
static fasttrap_hash_t		fasttrap_provs;
static fasttrap_hash_t		fasttrap_procs;

static uint64_t			fasttrap_pid_count;	/* pid ref count */
static kmutex_t			fasttrap_count_mtx;	/* lock on ref count */

#define	FASTTRAP_ENABLE_FAIL	1
#define	FASTTRAP_ENABLE_PARTIAL	2

static int fasttrap_tracepoint_enable(proc_t *, fasttrap_probe_t *, uint_t);
static void fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(proc_t *, fasttrap_probe_t *, uint_t);

static fasttrap_provider_t *fasttrap_provider_lookup(pid_t, const char *,
    const dtrace_pattr_t *);
static void fasttrap_provider_retire(pid_t, const char *, int);
static void fasttrap_provider_free(fasttrap_provider_t *);

static fasttrap_proc_t *fasttrap_proc_lookup(pid_t);
static void fasttrap_proc_release(fasttrap_proc_t *);

#ifndef illumos
static void fasttrap_thread_dtor(void *, struct thread *);
#endif

#define	FASTTRAP_PROVS_INDEX(pid, name) \
	((fasttrap_hash_str(name) + (pid)) & fasttrap_provs.fth_mask)

#define	FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid) ((pid) & fasttrap_procs.fth_mask)

#ifndef illumos
struct rmlock fasttrap_tp_lock;
static eventhandler_tag fasttrap_thread_dtor_tag;
#endif

static unsigned long tpoints_hash_size = FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE;

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
SYSCTL_DECL(_kern_dtrace);
SYSCTL_NODE(_kern_dtrace, OID_AUTO, fasttrap, CTLFLAG_RD, 0, "DTrace fasttrap parameters");
SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_dtrace_fasttrap, OID_AUTO, max_probes, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &fasttrap_max,
    FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT, "Maximum number of fasttrap probes");
SYSCTL_ULONG(_kern_dtrace_fasttrap, OID_AUTO, tpoints_hash_size, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &tpoints_hash_size,
    FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE, "Size of the tracepoint hash table");
#endif

static int
fasttrap_highbit(ulong_t i)
{
	int h = 1;

	if (i == 0)
		return (0);
#ifdef _LP64
	if (i & 0xffffffff00000000ul) {
		h += 32; i >>= 32;
	}
#endif
	if (i & 0xffff0000) {
		h += 16; i >>= 16;
	}
	if (i & 0xff00) {
		h += 8; i >>= 8;
	}
	if (i & 0xf0) {
		h += 4; i >>= 4;
	}
	if (i & 0xc) {
		h += 2; i >>= 2;
	}
	if (i & 0x2) {
		h += 1;
	}
	return (h);
}

static uint_t
fasttrap_hash_str(const char *p)
{
	unsigned int g;
	uint_t hval = 0;

	while (*p) {
		hval = (hval << 4) + *p++;
		if ((g = (hval & 0xf0000000)) != 0)
			hval ^= g >> 24;
		hval &= ~g;
	}
	return (hval);
}

void
fasttrap_sigtrap(proc_t *p, kthread_t *t, uintptr_t pc)
{
#ifdef illumos
	sigqueue_t *sqp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (sigqueue_t), KM_SLEEP);

	sqp->sq_info.si_signo = SIGTRAP;
	sqp->sq_info.si_code = TRAP_DTRACE;
	sqp->sq_info.si_addr = (caddr_t)pc;

	mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
	sigaddqa(p, t, sqp);
	mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);

	if (t != NULL)
		aston(t);
#else
	ksiginfo_t *ksi = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (ksiginfo_t), KM_SLEEP);

	ksiginfo_init(ksi);
	ksi->ksi_signo = SIGTRAP;
	ksi->ksi_code = TRAP_DTRACE;
	ksi->ksi_addr = (caddr_t)pc;
	PROC_LOCK(p);
	(void) tdsendsignal(p, t, SIGTRAP, ksi);
	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
#endif
}

#ifndef illumos
/*
 * Obtain a chunk of scratch space in the address space of the target process.
 */
fasttrap_scrspace_t *
fasttrap_scraddr(struct thread *td, fasttrap_proc_t *fprc)
{
	fasttrap_scrblock_t *scrblk;
	fasttrap_scrspace_t *scrspc;
	struct proc *p;
	vm_offset_t addr;
	int error, i;

	scrspc = NULL;
	if (td->t_dtrace_sscr != NULL) {
		/* If the thread already has scratch space, we're done. */
		scrspc = (fasttrap_scrspace_t *)td->t_dtrace_sscr;
		return (scrspc);
	}

	p = td->td_proc;

	mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
	if (LIST_EMPTY(&fprc->ftpc_fscr)) {
		/*
		 * No scratch space is available, so we'll map a new scratch
		 * space block into the traced process' address space.
		 */
		addr = 0;
		error = vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &addr,
		    FASTTRAP_SCRBLOCK_SIZE, 0, VMFS_ANY_SPACE, VM_PROT_ALL,
		    VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
		if (error != KERN_SUCCESS)
			goto done;

		scrblk = malloc(sizeof(*scrblk), M_SOLARIS, M_WAITOK);
		scrblk->ftsb_addr = addr;
		LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_scrblks, scrblk, ftsb_next);

		/*
		 * Carve the block up into chunks and put them on the free list.
		 */
		for (i = 0;
		    i < FASTTRAP_SCRBLOCK_SIZE / FASTTRAP_SCRSPACE_SIZE; i++) {
			scrspc = malloc(sizeof(*scrspc), M_SOLARIS, M_WAITOK);
			scrspc->ftss_addr = addr +
			    i * FASTTRAP_SCRSPACE_SIZE;
			LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_fscr, scrspc,
			    ftss_next);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Take the first scratch chunk off the free list, put it on the
	 * allocated list, and return its address.
	 */
	scrspc = LIST_FIRST(&fprc->ftpc_fscr);
	LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_ascr, scrspc, ftss_next);

	/*
	 * This scratch space is reserved for use by td until the thread exits.
	 */
	td->t_dtrace_sscr = scrspc;

done:
	mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);

	return (scrspc);
}

/*
 * Return any allocated per-thread scratch space chunks back to the process'
 * free list.
 */
static void
fasttrap_thread_dtor(void *arg __unused, struct thread *td)
{
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	fasttrap_proc_t *fprc;
	fasttrap_scrspace_t *scrspc;
	pid_t pid;

	if (td->t_dtrace_sscr == NULL)
		return;

	pid = td->td_proc->p_pid;
	bucket = &fasttrap_procs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid)];
	fprc = NULL;

	/* Look up the fasttrap process handle for this process. */
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
	for (fprc = bucket->ftb_data; fprc != NULL; fprc = fprc->ftpc_next) {
		if (fprc->ftpc_pid == pid) {
			mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
			mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
			break;
		}
	}
	if (fprc == NULL) {
		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		return;
	}

	scrspc = (fasttrap_scrspace_t *)td->t_dtrace_sscr;
	LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&fprc->ftpc_fscr, scrspc, ftss_next);

	mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
}
#endif

/*
 * This function ensures that no threads are actively using the memory
 * associated with probes that were formerly live.
 */
static void
fasttrap_mod_barrier(uint64_t gen)
{
	int i;

	if (gen < fasttrap_mod_gen)
		return;

	fasttrap_mod_gen++;

#ifdef illumos
	CPU_FOREACH(i) {
		mutex_enter(&fasttrap_cpuc_pid_lock[i]);
		mutex_exit(&fasttrap_cpuc_pid_lock[i]);
	}
#else
	rm_wlock(&fasttrap_tp_lock);
	rm_wunlock(&fasttrap_tp_lock);
#endif
}

/*
 * This function performs asynchronous cleanup of fasttrap providers. The
 * Solaris implementation of this mechanism use a timeout that's activated in
 * fasttrap_pid_cleanup(), but this doesn't work in FreeBSD: one may sleep while
 * holding the DTrace mutexes, but it is unsafe to sleep in a callout handler.
 * Thus we use a dedicated process to perform the cleanup when requested.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_cleanup_cb(void *data)
{
	fasttrap_provider_t **fpp, *fp;
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	dtrace_provider_id_t provid;
	int i, later = 0, rval;

	mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
	while (!fasttrap_cleanup_drain || later > 0) {
		fasttrap_cleanup_work = 0;
		mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

		later = 0;

		/*
		 * Iterate over all the providers trying to remove the marked
		 * ones. If a provider is marked but not retired, we just
		 * have to take a crack at removing it -- it's no big deal if
		 * we can't.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++) {
			bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i];
			mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
			fpp = (fasttrap_provider_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;

			while ((fp = *fpp) != NULL) {
				if (!fp->ftp_marked) {
					fpp = &fp->ftp_next;
					continue;
				}

				mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);

				/*
				 * If this provider has consumers actively
				 * creating probes (ftp_ccount) or is a USDT
				 * provider (ftp_mcount), we can't unregister
				 * or even condense.
				 */
				if (fp->ftp_ccount != 0 ||
				    fp->ftp_mcount != 0) {
					mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);
					fp->ftp_marked = 0;
					continue;
				}

				if (!fp->ftp_retired || fp->ftp_rcount != 0)
					fp->ftp_marked = 0;

				mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);

				/*
				 * If we successfully unregister this
				 * provider we can remove it from the hash
				 * chain and free the memory. If our attempt
				 * to unregister fails and this is a retired
				 * provider, increment our flag to try again
				 * pretty soon. If we've consumed more than
				 * half of our total permitted number of
				 * probes call dtrace_condense() to try to
				 * clean out the unenabled probes.
				 */
				provid = fp->ftp_provid;
				if ((rval = dtrace_unregister(provid)) != 0) {
					if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max / 2)
						(void) dtrace_condense(provid);

					if (rval == EAGAIN)
						fp->ftp_marked = 1;

					later += fp->ftp_marked;
					fpp = &fp->ftp_next;
				} else {
					*fpp = fp->ftp_next;
					fasttrap_provider_free(fp);
				}
			}
			mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		}
		mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

		/*
		 * If we were unable to retire a provider, try again after a
		 * second. This situation can occur in certain circumstances
		 * where providers cannot be unregistered even though they have
		 * no probes enabled because of an execution of dtrace -l or
		 * something similar.
		 */
		if (later > 0 || fasttrap_cleanup_work ||
		    fasttrap_cleanup_drain) {
			mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
			pause("ftclean", hz);
			mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
		} else
			mtx_sleep(&fasttrap_cleanup_cv, &fasttrap_cleanup_mtx,
			    0, "ftcl", 0);
	}

	/*
	 * Wake up the thread in fasttrap_unload() now that we're done.
	 */
	wakeup(&fasttrap_cleanup_drain);
	mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

	kthread_exit();
}

/*
 * Activates the asynchronous cleanup mechanism.
 */
static void
fasttrap_pid_cleanup(void)
{

	mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
	if (!fasttrap_cleanup_work) {
		fasttrap_cleanup_work = 1;
		wakeup(&fasttrap_cleanup_cv);
	}
	mtx_unlock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
}

/*
 * This is called from cfork() via dtrace_fasttrap_fork(). The child
 * process's address space is (roughly) a copy of the parent process's so
 * we have to remove all the instrumentation we had previously enabled in the
 * parent.
 */
static void
fasttrap_fork(proc_t *p, proc_t *cp)
{
#ifndef illumos
	fasttrap_scrblock_t *scrblk;
	fasttrap_proc_t *fprc = NULL;
#endif
	pid_t ppid = p->p_pid;
	int i;

	ASSERT(curproc == p);
#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(p->p_proc_flag & P_PR_LOCK);
#else
	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
#endif
#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(p->p_dtrace_count > 0);
#else
	/*
	 * This check is purposely here instead of in kern_fork.c because,
	 * for legal resons, we cannot include the dtrace_cddl.h header
	 * inside kern_fork.c and insert if-clause there.
	 */
	if (p->p_dtrace_count == 0 && p->p_dtrace_helpers == NULL)
		return;
#endif

	ASSERT(cp->p_dtrace_count == 0);

	/*
	 * This would be simpler and faster if we maintained per-process
	 * hash tables of enabled tracepoints. It could, however, potentially
	 * slow down execution of a tracepoint since we'd need to go
	 * through two levels of indirection. In the future, we should
	 * consider either maintaining per-process ancillary lists of
	 * enabled tracepoints or hanging a pointer to a per-process hash
	 * table of enabled tracepoints off the proc structure.
	 */

	/*
	 * We don't have to worry about the child process disappearing
	 * because we're in fork().
	 */
#ifdef illumos
	mtx_lock_spin(&cp->p_slock);
	sprlock_proc(cp);
	mtx_unlock_spin(&cp->p_slock);
#else
	/*
	 * fasttrap_tracepoint_remove() expects the child process to be
	 * unlocked and the VM then expects curproc to be unlocked.
	 */
	_PHOLD(cp);
	PROC_UNLOCK(cp);
	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
	if (p->p_dtrace_count == 0)
		goto dup_helpers;
#endif

	/*
	 * Iterate over every tracepoint looking for ones that belong to the
	 * parent process, and remove each from the child process.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++) {
		fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
		fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i];

		mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
			if (tp->ftt_pid == ppid &&
			    tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0) {
				int ret = fasttrap_tracepoint_remove(cp, tp);
				ASSERT(ret == 0);

				/*
				 * The count of active providers can only be
				 * decremented (i.e. to zero) during exec,
				 * exit, and removal of a meta provider so it
				 * should be impossible to drop the count
				 * mid-fork.
				 */
				ASSERT(tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0);
#ifndef illumos
				fprc = tp->ftt_proc;
#endif
			}
		}
		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

#ifndef illumos
		/*
		 * Unmap any scratch space inherited from the parent's address
		 * space.
		 */
		if (fprc != NULL) {
			mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
			LIST_FOREACH(scrblk, &fprc->ftpc_scrblks, ftsb_next) {
				vm_map_remove(&cp->p_vmspace->vm_map,
				    scrblk->ftsb_addr,
				    scrblk->ftsb_addr + FASTTRAP_SCRBLOCK_SIZE);
			}
			mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
		}
#endif
	}

#ifdef illumos
	mutex_enter(&cp->p_lock);
	sprunlock(cp);
#else
dup_helpers:
	if (p->p_dtrace_helpers != NULL)
		dtrace_helpers_duplicate(p, cp);
	PROC_LOCK(p);
	PROC_LOCK(cp);
	_PRELE(cp);
#endif
}

/*
 * This is called from proc_exit() or from exec_common() if p_dtrace_probes
 * is set on the proc structure to indicate that there is a pid provider
 * associated with this process.
 */
static void
fasttrap_exec_exit(proc_t *p)
{
#ifndef illumos
	struct thread *td;
#endif

#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(p == curproc);
#else
	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
	_PHOLD(p);
	/*
	 * Since struct threads may be recycled, we cannot rely on t_dtrace_sscr
	 * fields to be zeroed by kdtrace_thread_ctor. Thus we must zero it
	 * ourselves when a process exits.
	 */
	FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td)
		td->t_dtrace_sscr = NULL;
	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
#endif

	/*
	 * We clean up the pid provider for this process here; user-land
	 * static probes are handled by the meta-provider remove entry point.
	 */
	fasttrap_provider_retire(p->p_pid, FASTTRAP_PID_NAME, 0);
#ifndef illumos
	if (p->p_dtrace_helpers)
		dtrace_helpers_destroy(p);
	PROC_LOCK(p);
	_PRELE(p);
#endif
}


/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_provide(void *arg, dtrace_probedesc_t *desc)
{
	/*
	 * There are no "default" pid probes.
	 */
}

static int
fasttrap_tracepoint_enable(proc_t *p, fasttrap_probe_t *probe, uint_t index)
{
	fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp, *new_tp = NULL;
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	fasttrap_id_t *id;
	pid_t pid;
	uintptr_t pc;

	ASSERT(index < probe->ftp_ntps);

	pid = probe->ftp_pid;
	pc = probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pc;
	id = &probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_id;

	ASSERT(probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pid == pid);

#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(!(p->p_flag & SVFORK));
#endif

	/*
	 * Before we make any modifications, make sure we've imposed a barrier
	 * on the generation in which this probe was last modified.
	 */
	fasttrap_mod_barrier(probe->ftp_gen);

	bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(pid, pc)];

	/*
	 * If the tracepoint has already been enabled, just add our id to the
	 * list of interested probes. This may be our second time through
	 * this path in which case we'll have constructed the tracepoint we'd
	 * like to install. If we can't find a match, and have an allocated
	 * tracepoint ready to go, enable that one now.
	 *
	 * A tracepoint whose process is defunct is also considered defunct.
	 */
again:
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
	for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
		/*
		 * Note that it's safe to access the active count on the
		 * associated proc structure because we know that at least one
		 * provider (this one) will still be around throughout this
		 * operation.
		 */
		if (tp->ftt_pid != pid || tp->ftt_pc != pc ||
		    tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount == 0)
			continue;

		/*
		 * Now that we've found a matching tracepoint, it would be
		 * a decent idea to confirm that the tracepoint is still
		 * enabled and the trap instruction hasn't been overwritten.
		 * Since this is a little hairy, we'll punt for now.
		 */

		/*
		 * This can't be the first interested probe. We don't have
		 * to worry about another thread being in the midst of
		 * deleting this tracepoint (which would be the only valid
		 * reason for a tracepoint to have no interested probes)
		 * since we're holding P_PR_LOCK for this process.
		 */
		ASSERT(tp->ftt_ids != NULL || tp->ftt_retids != NULL);

		switch (id->fti_ptype) {
		case DTFTP_ENTRY:
		case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
		case DTFTP_IS_ENABLED:
			id->fti_next = tp->ftt_ids;
			membar_producer();
			tp->ftt_ids = id;
			membar_producer();
			break;

		case DTFTP_RETURN:
		case DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS:
			id->fti_next = tp->ftt_retids;
			membar_producer();
			tp->ftt_retids = id;
			membar_producer();
			break;

		default:
			ASSERT(0);
		}

		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

		if (new_tp != NULL) {
			new_tp->ftt_ids = NULL;
			new_tp->ftt_retids = NULL;
		}

		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * If we have a good tracepoint ready to go, install it now while
	 * we have the lock held and no one can screw with us.
	 */
	if (new_tp != NULL) {
		int rc = 0;

		new_tp->ftt_next = bucket->ftb_data;
		membar_producer();
		bucket->ftb_data = new_tp;
		membar_producer();
		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

		/*
		 * Activate the tracepoint in the ISA-specific manner.
		 * If this fails, we need to report the failure, but
		 * indicate that this tracepoint must still be disabled
		 * by calling fasttrap_tracepoint_disable().
		 */
		if (fasttrap_tracepoint_install(p, new_tp) != 0)
			rc = FASTTRAP_ENABLE_PARTIAL;

		/*
		 * Increment the count of the number of tracepoints active in
		 * the victim process.
		 */
#ifdef illumos
		ASSERT(p->p_proc_flag & P_PR_LOCK);
#endif
		p->p_dtrace_count++;

		return (rc);
	}

	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * Initialize the tracepoint that's been preallocated with the probe.
	 */
	new_tp = probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp;

	ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_pid == pid);
	ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_pc == pc);
	ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_proc == probe->ftp_prov->ftp_proc);
	ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_ids == NULL);
	ASSERT(new_tp->ftt_retids == NULL);

	switch (id->fti_ptype) {
	case DTFTP_ENTRY:
	case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
	case DTFTP_IS_ENABLED:
		id->fti_next = NULL;
		new_tp->ftt_ids = id;
		break;

	case DTFTP_RETURN:
	case DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS:
		id->fti_next = NULL;
		new_tp->ftt_retids = id;
		break;

	default:
		ASSERT(0);
	}

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
	if (SV_PROC_FLAG(p, SV_LP64))
		p->p_model = DATAMODEL_LP64;
	else
		p->p_model = DATAMODEL_ILP32;
#endif

	/*
	 * If the ISA-dependent initialization goes to plan, go back to the
	 * beginning and try to install this freshly made tracepoint.
	 */
	if (fasttrap_tracepoint_init(p, new_tp, pc, id->fti_ptype) == 0)
		goto again;

	new_tp->ftt_ids = NULL;
	new_tp->ftt_retids = NULL;

	return (FASTTRAP_ENABLE_FAIL);
}

static void
fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(proc_t *p, fasttrap_probe_t *probe, uint_t index)
{
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	fasttrap_provider_t *provider = probe->ftp_prov;
	fasttrap_tracepoint_t **pp, *tp;
	fasttrap_id_t *id, **idp = NULL;
	pid_t pid;
	uintptr_t pc;

	ASSERT(index < probe->ftp_ntps);

	pid = probe->ftp_pid;
	pc = probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pc;
	id = &probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_id;

	ASSERT(probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp->ftt_pid == pid);

	/*
	 * Find the tracepoint and make sure that our id is one of the
	 * ones registered with it.
	 */
	bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(pid, pc)];
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
	for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
		if (tp->ftt_pid == pid && tp->ftt_pc == pc &&
		    tp->ftt_proc == provider->ftp_proc)
			break;
	}

	/*
	 * If we somehow lost this tracepoint, we're in a world of hurt.
	 */
	ASSERT(tp != NULL);

	switch (id->fti_ptype) {
	case DTFTP_ENTRY:
	case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
	case DTFTP_IS_ENABLED:
		ASSERT(tp->ftt_ids != NULL);
		idp = &tp->ftt_ids;
		break;

	case DTFTP_RETURN:
	case DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS:
		ASSERT(tp->ftt_retids != NULL);
		idp = &tp->ftt_retids;
		break;

	default:
		ASSERT(0);
	}

	while ((*idp)->fti_probe != probe) {
		idp = &(*idp)->fti_next;
		ASSERT(*idp != NULL);
	}

	id = *idp;
	*idp = id->fti_next;
	membar_producer();

	ASSERT(id->fti_probe == probe);

	/*
	 * If there are other registered enablings of this tracepoint, we're
	 * all done, but if this was the last probe assocated with this
	 * this tracepoint, we need to remove and free it.
	 */
	if (tp->ftt_ids != NULL || tp->ftt_retids != NULL) {

		/*
		 * If the current probe's tracepoint is in use, swap it
		 * for an unused tracepoint.
		 */
		if (tp == probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp) {
			fasttrap_probe_t *tmp_probe;
			fasttrap_tracepoint_t **tmp_tp;
			uint_t tmp_index;

			if (tp->ftt_ids != NULL) {
				tmp_probe = tp->ftt_ids->fti_probe;
				/* LINTED - alignment */
				tmp_index = FASTTRAP_ID_INDEX(tp->ftt_ids);
				tmp_tp = &tmp_probe->ftp_tps[tmp_index].fit_tp;
			} else {
				tmp_probe = tp->ftt_retids->fti_probe;
				/* LINTED - alignment */
				tmp_index = FASTTRAP_ID_INDEX(tp->ftt_retids);
				tmp_tp = &tmp_probe->ftp_tps[tmp_index].fit_tp;
			}

			ASSERT(*tmp_tp != NULL);
			ASSERT(*tmp_tp != probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp);
			ASSERT((*tmp_tp)->ftt_ids == NULL);
			ASSERT((*tmp_tp)->ftt_retids == NULL);

			probe->ftp_tps[index].fit_tp = *tmp_tp;
			*tmp_tp = tp;
		}

		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

		/*
		 * Tag the modified probe with the generation in which it was
		 * changed.
		 */
		probe->ftp_gen = fasttrap_mod_gen;
		return;
	}

	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * We can't safely remove the tracepoint from the set of active
	 * tracepoints until we've actually removed the fasttrap instruction
	 * from the process's text. We can, however, operate on this
	 * tracepoint secure in the knowledge that no other thread is going to
	 * be looking at it since we hold P_PR_LOCK on the process if it's
	 * live or we hold the provider lock on the process if it's dead and
	 * gone.
	 */

	/*
	 * We only need to remove the actual instruction if we're looking
	 * at an existing process
	 */
	if (p != NULL) {
		/*
		 * If we fail to restore the instruction we need to kill
		 * this process since it's in a completely unrecoverable
		 * state.
		 */
		if (fasttrap_tracepoint_remove(p, tp) != 0)
			fasttrap_sigtrap(p, NULL, pc);

		/*
		 * Decrement the count of the number of tracepoints active
		 * in the victim process.
		 */
#ifdef illumos
		ASSERT(p->p_proc_flag & P_PR_LOCK);
#endif
		p->p_dtrace_count--;
	}

	/*
	 * Remove the probe from the hash table of active tracepoints.
	 */
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
	pp = (fasttrap_tracepoint_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;
	ASSERT(*pp != NULL);
	while (*pp != tp) {
		pp = &(*pp)->ftt_next;
		ASSERT(*pp != NULL);
	}

	*pp = tp->ftt_next;
	membar_producer();

	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * Tag the modified probe with the generation in which it was changed.
	 */
	probe->ftp_gen = fasttrap_mod_gen;
}

static void
fasttrap_enable_callbacks(void)
{
	/*
	 * We don't have to play the rw lock game here because we're
	 * providing something rather than taking something away --
	 * we can be sure that no threads have tried to follow this
	 * function pointer yet.
	 */
	mutex_enter(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
	if (fasttrap_pid_count == 0) {
		ASSERT(dtrace_pid_probe_ptr == NULL);
		ASSERT(dtrace_return_probe_ptr == NULL);
		dtrace_pid_probe_ptr = &fasttrap_pid_probe;
		dtrace_return_probe_ptr = &fasttrap_return_probe;
	}
	ASSERT(dtrace_pid_probe_ptr == &fasttrap_pid_probe);
	ASSERT(dtrace_return_probe_ptr == &fasttrap_return_probe);
	fasttrap_pid_count++;
	mutex_exit(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
}

static void
fasttrap_disable_callbacks(void)
{
#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
#endif


	mutex_enter(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
	ASSERT(fasttrap_pid_count > 0);
	fasttrap_pid_count--;
	if (fasttrap_pid_count == 0) {
#ifdef illumos
		cpu_t *cur, *cpu = CPU;

		for (cur = cpu->cpu_next_onln; cur != cpu;
		    cur = cur->cpu_next_onln) {
			rw_enter(&cur->cpu_ft_lock, RW_WRITER);
		}
#endif
		dtrace_pid_probe_ptr = NULL;
		dtrace_return_probe_ptr = NULL;
#ifdef illumos
		for (cur = cpu->cpu_next_onln; cur != cpu;
		    cur = cur->cpu_next_onln) {
			rw_exit(&cur->cpu_ft_lock);
		}
#endif
	}
	mutex_exit(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_enable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
{
	fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
	proc_t *p = NULL;
	int i, rc;

	ASSERT(probe != NULL);
	ASSERT(!probe->ftp_enabled);
	ASSERT(id == probe->ftp_id);
#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
#endif

	/*
	 * Increment the count of enabled probes on this probe's provider;
	 * the provider can't go away while the probe still exists. We
	 * must increment this even if we aren't able to properly enable
	 * this probe.
	 */
	mutex_enter(&probe->ftp_prov->ftp_mtx);
	probe->ftp_prov->ftp_rcount++;
	mutex_exit(&probe->ftp_prov->ftp_mtx);

	/*
	 * If this probe's provider is retired (meaning it was valid in a
	 * previously exec'ed incarnation of this address space), bail out. The
	 * provider can't go away while we're in this code path.
	 */
	if (probe->ftp_prov->ftp_retired)
		return;

	/*
	 * If we can't find the process, it may be that we're in the context of
	 * a fork in which the traced process is being born and we're copying
	 * USDT probes. Otherwise, the process is gone so bail.
	 */
#ifdef illumos
	if ((p = sprlock(probe->ftp_pid)) == NULL) {
		if ((curproc->p_flag & SFORKING) == 0)
			return;

		mutex_enter(&pidlock);
		p = prfind(probe->ftp_pid);

		if (p == NULL) {
			/*
			 * So it's not that the target process is being born,
			 * it's that it isn't there at all (and we simply
			 * happen to be forking).  Anyway, we know that the
			 * target is definitely gone, so bail out.
			 */
			mutex_exit(&pidlock);
			return (0);
		}

		/*
		 * Confirm that curproc is indeed forking the process in which
		 * we're trying to enable probes.
		 */
		ASSERT(p->p_parent == curproc);
		ASSERT(p->p_stat == SIDL);

		mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
		mutex_exit(&pidlock);

		sprlock_proc(p);
	}

	ASSERT(!(p->p_flag & SVFORK));
	mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
#else
	if (pget(probe->ftp_pid, PGET_HOLD | PGET_NOTWEXIT, &p) != 0)
		return;
#endif

	/*
	 * We have to enable the trap entry point before any user threads have
	 * the chance to execute the trap instruction we're about to place
	 * in their process's text.
	 */
	fasttrap_enable_callbacks();

	/*
	 * Enable all the tracepoints and add this probe's id to each
	 * tracepoint's list of active probes.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < probe->ftp_ntps; i++) {
		if ((rc = fasttrap_tracepoint_enable(p, probe, i)) != 0) {
			/*
			 * If enabling the tracepoint failed completely,
			 * we don't have to disable it; if the failure
			 * was only partial we must disable it.
			 */
			if (rc == FASTTRAP_ENABLE_FAIL)
				i--;
			else
				ASSERT(rc == FASTTRAP_ENABLE_PARTIAL);

			/*
			 * Back up and pull out all the tracepoints we've
			 * created so far for this probe.
			 */
			while (i >= 0) {
				fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(p, probe, i);
				i--;
			}

#ifdef illumos
			mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
			sprunlock(p);
#else
			PRELE(p);
#endif

			/*
			 * Since we're not actually enabling this probe,
			 * drop our reference on the trap table entry.
			 */
			fasttrap_disable_callbacks();
			return;
		}
	}
#ifdef illumos
	mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
	sprunlock(p);
#else
	PRELE(p);
#endif

	probe->ftp_enabled = 1;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_disable(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
{
	fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
	fasttrap_provider_t *provider = probe->ftp_prov;
	proc_t *p;
	int i, whack = 0;

	ASSERT(id == probe->ftp_id);

	mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_mtx);

	/*
	 * We won't be able to acquire a /proc-esque lock on the process
	 * iff the process is dead and gone. In this case, we rely on the
	 * provider lock as a point of mutual exclusion to prevent other
	 * DTrace consumers from disabling this probe.
	 */
	if (pget(probe->ftp_pid, PGET_HOLD | PGET_NOTWEXIT, &p) != 0)
		p = NULL;

	/*
	 * Disable all the associated tracepoints (for fully enabled probes).
	 */
	if (probe->ftp_enabled) {
		for (i = 0; i < probe->ftp_ntps; i++) {
			fasttrap_tracepoint_disable(p, probe, i);
		}
	}

	ASSERT(provider->ftp_rcount > 0);
	provider->ftp_rcount--;

	if (p != NULL) {
		/*
		 * Even though we may not be able to remove it entirely, we
		 * mark this retired provider to get a chance to remove some
		 * of the associated probes.
		 */
		if (provider->ftp_retired && !provider->ftp_marked)
			whack = provider->ftp_marked = 1;
		mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);
	} else {
		/*
		 * If the process is dead, we're just waiting for the
		 * last probe to be disabled to be able to free it.
		 */
		if (provider->ftp_rcount == 0 && !provider->ftp_marked)
			whack = provider->ftp_marked = 1;
		mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);
	}

	if (whack)
		fasttrap_pid_cleanup();

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
	if (p != NULL)
		PRELE(p);
#endif
	if (!probe->ftp_enabled)
		return;

	probe->ftp_enabled = 0;

#ifdef illumos
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
#endif
	fasttrap_disable_callbacks();
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_getargdesc(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg,
    dtrace_argdesc_t *desc)
{
	fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
	char *str;
	int i, ndx;

	desc->dtargd_native[0] = '\0';
	desc->dtargd_xlate[0] = '\0';

	if (probe->ftp_prov->ftp_retired != 0 ||
	    desc->dtargd_ndx >= probe->ftp_nargs) {
		desc->dtargd_ndx = DTRACE_ARGNONE;
		return;
	}

	ndx = (probe->ftp_argmap != NULL) ?
	    probe->ftp_argmap[desc->dtargd_ndx] : desc->dtargd_ndx;

	str = probe->ftp_ntypes;
	for (i = 0; i < ndx; i++) {
		str += strlen(str) + 1;
	}

	ASSERT(strlen(str + 1) < sizeof (desc->dtargd_native));
	(void) strcpy(desc->dtargd_native, str);

	if (probe->ftp_xtypes == NULL)
		return;

	str = probe->ftp_xtypes;
	for (i = 0; i < desc->dtargd_ndx; i++) {
		str += strlen(str) + 1;
	}

	ASSERT(strlen(str + 1) < sizeof (desc->dtargd_xlate));
	(void) strcpy(desc->dtargd_xlate, str);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_pid_destroy(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg)
{
	fasttrap_probe_t *probe = parg;
	int i;
	size_t size;

	ASSERT(probe != NULL);
	ASSERT(!probe->ftp_enabled);
	ASSERT(fasttrap_total >= probe->ftp_ntps);

	atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -probe->ftp_ntps);
	size = offsetof(fasttrap_probe_t, ftp_tps[probe->ftp_ntps]);

	if (probe->ftp_gen + 1 >= fasttrap_mod_gen)
		fasttrap_mod_barrier(probe->ftp_gen);

	for (i = 0; i < probe->ftp_ntps; i++) {
		kmem_free(probe->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp,
		    sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t));
	}

	kmem_free(probe, size);
}


static const dtrace_pattr_t pid_attr = {
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_CLASS_ISA },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_STABILITY_EVOLVING, DTRACE_CLASS_ISA },
{ DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_STABILITY_PRIVATE, DTRACE_CLASS_UNKNOWN },
};

static dtrace_pops_t pid_pops = {
	.dtps_provide =		fasttrap_pid_provide,
	.dtps_provide_module =	NULL,
	.dtps_enable =		fasttrap_pid_enable,
	.dtps_disable =		fasttrap_pid_disable,
	.dtps_suspend =		NULL,
	.dtps_resume =		NULL,
	.dtps_getargdesc =	fasttrap_pid_getargdesc,
	.dtps_getargval =	fasttrap_pid_getarg,
	.dtps_usermode =	NULL,
	.dtps_destroy =		fasttrap_pid_destroy
};

static dtrace_pops_t usdt_pops = {
	.dtps_provide =		fasttrap_pid_provide,
	.dtps_provide_module =	NULL,
	.dtps_enable =		fasttrap_pid_enable,
	.dtps_disable =		fasttrap_pid_disable,
	.dtps_suspend =		NULL,
	.dtps_resume =		NULL,
	.dtps_getargdesc =	fasttrap_pid_getargdesc,
	.dtps_getargval =	fasttrap_usdt_getarg,
	.dtps_usermode =	NULL,
	.dtps_destroy =		fasttrap_pid_destroy
};

static fasttrap_proc_t *
fasttrap_proc_lookup(pid_t pid)
{
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	fasttrap_proc_t *fprc, *new_fprc;


	bucket = &fasttrap_procs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid)];
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	for (fprc = bucket->ftb_data; fprc != NULL; fprc = fprc->ftpc_next) {
		if (fprc->ftpc_pid == pid && fprc->ftpc_acount != 0) {
			mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
			mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
			fprc->ftpc_rcount++;
			atomic_inc_64(&fprc->ftpc_acount);
			ASSERT(fprc->ftpc_acount <= fprc->ftpc_rcount);
			mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);

			return (fprc);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Drop the bucket lock so we don't try to perform a sleeping
	 * allocation under it.
	 */
	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	new_fprc = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_proc_t), KM_SLEEP);
	new_fprc->ftpc_pid = pid;
	new_fprc->ftpc_rcount = 1;
	new_fprc->ftpc_acount = 1;
#ifndef illumos
	mutex_init(&new_fprc->ftpc_mtx, "fasttrap proc mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT,
	    NULL);
#endif

	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * Take another lap through the list to make sure a proc hasn't
	 * been created for this pid while we weren't under the bucket lock.
	 */
	for (fprc = bucket->ftb_data; fprc != NULL; fprc = fprc->ftpc_next) {
		if (fprc->ftpc_pid == pid && fprc->ftpc_acount != 0) {
			mutex_enter(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);
			mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
			fprc->ftpc_rcount++;
			atomic_inc_64(&fprc->ftpc_acount);
			ASSERT(fprc->ftpc_acount <= fprc->ftpc_rcount);
			mutex_exit(&fprc->ftpc_mtx);

			kmem_free(new_fprc, sizeof (fasttrap_proc_t));

			return (fprc);
		}
	}

	new_fprc->ftpc_next = bucket->ftb_data;
	bucket->ftb_data = new_fprc;

	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	return (new_fprc);
}

static void
fasttrap_proc_release(fasttrap_proc_t *proc)
{
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	fasttrap_proc_t *fprc, **fprcp;
	pid_t pid = proc->ftpc_pid;
#ifndef illumos
	fasttrap_scrblock_t *scrblk, *scrblktmp;
	fasttrap_scrspace_t *scrspc, *scrspctmp;
	struct proc *p;
	struct thread *td;
#endif

	mutex_enter(&proc->ftpc_mtx);

	ASSERT(proc->ftpc_rcount != 0);
	ASSERT(proc->ftpc_acount <= proc->ftpc_rcount);

	if (--proc->ftpc_rcount != 0) {
		mutex_exit(&proc->ftpc_mtx);
		return;
	}

#ifndef illumos
	/*
	 * Free all structures used to manage per-thread scratch space.
	 */
	LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(scrblk, &proc->ftpc_scrblks, ftsb_next,
	    scrblktmp) {
		LIST_REMOVE(scrblk, ftsb_next);
		free(scrblk, M_SOLARIS);
	}
	LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(scrspc, &proc->ftpc_fscr, ftss_next, scrspctmp) {
		LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
		free(scrspc, M_SOLARIS);
	}
	LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(scrspc, &proc->ftpc_ascr, ftss_next, scrspctmp) {
		LIST_REMOVE(scrspc, ftss_next);
		free(scrspc, M_SOLARIS);
	}

	if ((p = pfind(pid)) != NULL) {
		FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td)
			td->t_dtrace_sscr = NULL;
		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
	}
#endif

	mutex_exit(&proc->ftpc_mtx);

	/*
	 * There should definitely be no live providers associated with this
	 * process at this point.
	 */
	ASSERT(proc->ftpc_acount == 0);

	bucket = &fasttrap_procs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROCS_INDEX(pid)];
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	fprcp = (fasttrap_proc_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;
	while ((fprc = *fprcp) != NULL) {
		if (fprc == proc)
			break;

		fprcp = &fprc->ftpc_next;
	}

	/*
	 * Something strange has happened if we can't find the proc.
	 */
	ASSERT(fprc != NULL);

	*fprcp = fprc->ftpc_next;

	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	kmem_free(fprc, sizeof (fasttrap_proc_t));
}

/*
 * Lookup a fasttrap-managed provider based on its name and associated pid.
 * If the pattr argument is non-NULL, this function instantiates the provider
 * if it doesn't exist otherwise it returns NULL. The provider is returned
 * with its lock held.
 */
static fasttrap_provider_t *
fasttrap_provider_lookup(pid_t pid, const char *name,
    const dtrace_pattr_t *pattr)
{
	fasttrap_provider_t *fp, *new_fp = NULL;
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	char provname[DTRACE_PROVNAMELEN];
	proc_t *p;
	cred_t *cred;

	ASSERT(strlen(name) < sizeof (fp->ftp_name));
	ASSERT(pattr != NULL);

	bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROVS_INDEX(pid, name)];
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * Take a lap through the list and return the match if we find it.
	 */
	for (fp = bucket->ftb_data; fp != NULL; fp = fp->ftp_next) {
		if (fp->ftp_pid == pid && strcmp(fp->ftp_name, name) == 0 &&
		    !fp->ftp_retired) {
			mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
			mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
			return (fp);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Drop the bucket lock so we don't try to perform a sleeping
	 * allocation under it.
	 */
	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * Make sure the process exists, isn't a child created as the result
	 * of a vfork(2), and isn't a zombie (but may be in fork).
	 */
	if ((p = pfind(pid)) == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	/*
	 * Increment p_dtrace_probes so that the process knows to inform us
	 * when it exits or execs. fasttrap_provider_free() decrements this
	 * when we're done with this provider.
	 */
	p->p_dtrace_probes++;

	/*
	 * Grab the credentials for this process so we have
	 * something to pass to dtrace_register().
	 */
	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
	crhold(p->p_ucred);
	cred = p->p_ucred;
	PROC_UNLOCK(p);

	new_fp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_provider_t), KM_SLEEP);
	new_fp->ftp_pid = pid;
	new_fp->ftp_proc = fasttrap_proc_lookup(pid);
#ifndef illumos
	mutex_init(&new_fp->ftp_mtx, "provider mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
	mutex_init(&new_fp->ftp_cmtx, "lock on creating", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
#endif

	ASSERT(new_fp->ftp_proc != NULL);

	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	/*
	 * Take another lap through the list to make sure a provider hasn't
	 * been created for this pid while we weren't under the bucket lock.
	 */
	for (fp = bucket->ftb_data; fp != NULL; fp = fp->ftp_next) {
		if (fp->ftp_pid == pid && strcmp(fp->ftp_name, name) == 0 &&
		    !fp->ftp_retired) {
			mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
			mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
			fasttrap_provider_free(new_fp);
			crfree(cred);
			return (fp);
		}
	}

	(void) strcpy(new_fp->ftp_name, name);

	/*
	 * Fail and return NULL if either the provider name is too long
	 * or we fail to register this new provider with the DTrace
	 * framework. Note that this is the only place we ever construct
	 * the full provider name -- we keep it in pieces in the provider
	 * structure.
	 */
	if (snprintf(provname, sizeof (provname), "%s%u", name, (uint_t)pid) >=
	    sizeof (provname) ||
	    dtrace_register(provname, pattr,
	    DTRACE_PRIV_PROC | DTRACE_PRIV_OWNER | DTRACE_PRIV_ZONEOWNER, cred,
	    pattr == &pid_attr ? &pid_pops : &usdt_pops, new_fp,
	    &new_fp->ftp_provid) != 0) {
		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		fasttrap_provider_free(new_fp);
		crfree(cred);
		return (NULL);
	}

	new_fp->ftp_next = bucket->ftb_data;
	bucket->ftb_data = new_fp;

	mutex_enter(&new_fp->ftp_mtx);
	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	crfree(cred);
	return (new_fp);
}

static void
fasttrap_provider_free(fasttrap_provider_t *provider)
{
	pid_t pid = provider->ftp_pid;
	proc_t *p;

	/*
	 * There need to be no associated enabled probes, no consumers
	 * creating probes, and no meta providers referencing this provider.
	 */
	ASSERT(provider->ftp_rcount == 0);
	ASSERT(provider->ftp_ccount == 0);
	ASSERT(provider->ftp_mcount == 0);

	/*
	 * If this provider hasn't been retired, we need to explicitly drop the
	 * count of active providers on the associated process structure.
	 */
	if (!provider->ftp_retired) {
		atomic_dec_64(&provider->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount);
		ASSERT(provider->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount <
		    provider->ftp_proc->ftpc_rcount);
	}

	fasttrap_proc_release(provider->ftp_proc);

#ifndef illumos
	mutex_destroy(&provider->ftp_mtx);
	mutex_destroy(&provider->ftp_cmtx);
#endif
	kmem_free(provider, sizeof (fasttrap_provider_t));

	/*
	 * Decrement p_dtrace_probes on the process whose provider we're
	 * freeing. We don't have to worry about clobbering somone else's
	 * modifications to it because we have locked the bucket that
	 * corresponds to this process's hash chain in the provider hash
	 * table. Don't sweat it if we can't find the process.
	 */
	if ((p = pfind(pid)) == NULL) {
		return;
	}

	p->p_dtrace_probes--;
#ifndef illumos
	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
#endif
}

static void
fasttrap_provider_retire(pid_t pid, const char *name, int mprov)
{
	fasttrap_provider_t *fp;
	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
	dtrace_provider_id_t provid;

	ASSERT(strlen(name) < sizeof (fp->ftp_name));

	bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[FASTTRAP_PROVS_INDEX(pid, name)];
	mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	for (fp = bucket->ftb_data; fp != NULL; fp = fp->ftp_next) {
		if (fp->ftp_pid == pid && strcmp(fp->ftp_name, name) == 0 &&
		    !fp->ftp_retired)
			break;
	}

	if (fp == NULL) {
		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		return;
	}

	mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
	ASSERT(!mprov || fp->ftp_mcount > 0);
	if (mprov && --fp->ftp_mcount != 0)  {
		mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);
		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Mark the provider to be removed in our post-processing step, mark it
	 * retired, and drop the active count on its proc. Marking it indicates
	 * that we should try to remove it; setting the retired flag indicates
	 * that we're done with this provider; dropping the active the proc
	 * releases our hold, and when this reaches zero (as it will during
	 * exit or exec) the proc and associated providers become defunct.
	 *
	 * We obviously need to take the bucket lock before the provider lock
	 * to perform the lookup, but we need to drop the provider lock
	 * before calling into the DTrace framework since we acquire the
	 * provider lock in callbacks invoked from the DTrace framework. The
	 * bucket lock therefore protects the integrity of the provider hash
	 * table.
	 */
	atomic_dec_64(&fp->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount);
	ASSERT(fp->ftp_proc->ftpc_acount < fp->ftp_proc->ftpc_rcount);

	fp->ftp_retired = 1;
	fp->ftp_marked = 1;
	provid = fp->ftp_provid;
	mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);

	/*
	 * We don't have to worry about invalidating the same provider twice
	 * since fasttrap_provider_lookup() will ignore provider that have
	 * been marked as retired.
	 */
	dtrace_invalidate(provid);

	mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);

	fasttrap_pid_cleanup();
}

static int
fasttrap_uint32_cmp(const void *ap, const void *bp)
{
	return (*(const uint32_t *)ap - *(const uint32_t *)bp);
}

static int
fasttrap_uint64_cmp(const void *ap, const void *bp)
{
	return (*(const uint64_t *)ap - *(const uint64_t *)bp);
}

static int
fasttrap_add_probe(fasttrap_probe_spec_t *pdata)
{
	fasttrap_provider_t *provider;
	fasttrap_probe_t *pp;
	fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
	char *name;
	int i, aframes = 0, whack;

	/*
	 * There needs to be at least one desired trace point.
	 */
	if (pdata->ftps_noffs == 0)
		return (EINVAL);

	switch (pdata->ftps_type) {
	case DTFTP_ENTRY:
		name = "entry";
		aframes = FASTTRAP_ENTRY_AFRAMES;
		break;
	case DTFTP_RETURN:
		name = "return";
		aframes = FASTTRAP_RETURN_AFRAMES;
		break;
	case DTFTP_OFFSETS:
		name = NULL;
		break;
	default:
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	if ((provider = fasttrap_provider_lookup(pdata->ftps_pid,
	    FASTTRAP_PID_NAME, &pid_attr)) == NULL)
		return (ESRCH);

	/*
	 * Increment this reference count to indicate that a consumer is
	 * actively adding a new probe associated with this provider. This
	 * prevents the provider from being deleted -- we'll need to check
	 * for pending deletions when we drop this reference count.
	 */
	provider->ftp_ccount++;
	mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

	/*
	 * Grab the creation lock to ensure consistency between calls to
	 * dtrace_probe_lookup() and dtrace_probe_create() in the face of
	 * other threads creating probes. We must drop the provider lock
	 * before taking this lock to avoid a three-way deadlock with the
	 * DTrace framework.
	 */
	mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_cmtx);

	if (name == NULL) {
		for (i = 0; i < pdata->ftps_noffs; i++) {
			char name_str[17];

			(void) sprintf(name_str, "%llx",
			    (unsigned long long)pdata->ftps_offs[i]);

			if (dtrace_probe_lookup(provider->ftp_provid,
			    pdata->ftps_mod, pdata->ftps_func, name_str) != 0)
				continue;

			atomic_inc_32(&fasttrap_total);

			if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max) {
				atomic_dec_32(&fasttrap_total);
				goto no_mem;
			}

			pp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_probe_t), KM_SLEEP);

			pp->ftp_prov = provider;
			pp->ftp_faddr = pdata->ftps_pc;
			pp->ftp_fsize = pdata->ftps_size;
			pp->ftp_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;
			pp->ftp_ntps = 1;

			tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t),
			    KM_SLEEP);

			tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
			tp->ftt_pc = pdata->ftps_offs[i] + pdata->ftps_pc;
			tp->ftt_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;

			pp->ftp_tps[0].fit_tp = tp;
			pp->ftp_tps[0].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
			pp->ftp_tps[0].fit_id.fti_ptype = pdata->ftps_type;

			pp->ftp_id = dtrace_probe_create(provider->ftp_provid,
			    pdata->ftps_mod, pdata->ftps_func, name_str,
			    FASTTRAP_OFFSET_AFRAMES, pp);
		}

	} else if (dtrace_probe_lookup(provider->ftp_provid, pdata->ftps_mod,
	    pdata->ftps_func, name) == 0) {
		atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, pdata->ftps_noffs);

		if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max) {
			atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -pdata->ftps_noffs);
			goto no_mem;
		}

		/*
		 * Make sure all tracepoint program counter values are unique.
		 * We later assume that each probe has exactly one tracepoint
		 * for a given pc.
		 */
		qsort(pdata->ftps_offs, pdata->ftps_noffs,
		    sizeof (uint64_t), fasttrap_uint64_cmp);
		for (i = 1; i < pdata->ftps_noffs; i++) {
			if (pdata->ftps_offs[i] > pdata->ftps_offs[i - 1])
				continue;

			atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -pdata->ftps_noffs);
			goto no_mem;
		}

		ASSERT(pdata->ftps_noffs > 0);
		pp = kmem_zalloc(offsetof(fasttrap_probe_t,
		    ftp_tps[pdata->ftps_noffs]), KM_SLEEP);

		pp->ftp_prov = provider;
		pp->ftp_faddr = pdata->ftps_pc;
		pp->ftp_fsize = pdata->ftps_size;
		pp->ftp_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;
		pp->ftp_ntps = pdata->ftps_noffs;

		for (i = 0; i < pdata->ftps_noffs; i++) {
			tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t),
			    KM_SLEEP);

			tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
			tp->ftt_pc = pdata->ftps_offs[i] + pdata->ftps_pc;
			tp->ftt_pid = pdata->ftps_pid;

			pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp = tp;
			pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
			pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = pdata->ftps_type;
		}

		pp->ftp_id = dtrace_probe_create(provider->ftp_provid,
		    pdata->ftps_mod, pdata->ftps_func, name, aframes, pp);
	}

	mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_cmtx);

	/*
	 * We know that the provider is still valid since we incremented the
	 * creation reference count. If someone tried to clean up this provider
	 * while we were using it (e.g. because the process called exec(2) or
	 * exit(2)), take note of that and try to clean it up now.
	 */
	mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_mtx);
	provider->ftp_ccount--;
	whack = provider->ftp_retired;
	mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

	if (whack)
		fasttrap_pid_cleanup();

	return (0);

no_mem:
	/*
	 * If we've exhausted the allowable resources, we'll try to remove
	 * this provider to free some up. This is to cover the case where
	 * the user has accidentally created many more probes than was
	 * intended (e.g. pid123:::).
	 */
	mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_cmtx);
	mutex_enter(&provider->ftp_mtx);
	provider->ftp_ccount--;
	provider->ftp_marked = 1;
	mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

	fasttrap_pid_cleanup();

	return (ENOMEM);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void *
fasttrap_meta_provide(void *arg, dtrace_helper_provdesc_t *dhpv, pid_t pid)
{
	fasttrap_provider_t *provider;

	/*
	 * A 32-bit unsigned integer (like a pid for example) can be
	 * expressed in 10 or fewer decimal digits. Make sure that we'll
	 * have enough space for the provider name.
	 */
	if (strlen(dhpv->dthpv_provname) + 10 >=
	    sizeof (provider->ftp_name)) {
		printf("failed to instantiate provider %s: "
		    "name too long to accomodate pid", dhpv->dthpv_provname);
		return (NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * Don't let folks spoof the true pid provider.
	 */
	if (strcmp(dhpv->dthpv_provname, FASTTRAP_PID_NAME) == 0) {
		printf("failed to instantiate provider %s: "
		    "%s is an invalid name", dhpv->dthpv_provname,
		    FASTTRAP_PID_NAME);
		return (NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * The highest stability class that fasttrap supports is ISA; cap
	 * the stability of the new provider accordingly.
	 */
	if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_provider.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
		dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_provider.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
	if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_mod.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
		dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_mod.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
	if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_func.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
		dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_func.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
	if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_name.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
		dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_name.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;
	if (dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_args.dtat_class > DTRACE_CLASS_ISA)
		dhpv->dthpv_pattr.dtpa_args.dtat_class = DTRACE_CLASS_ISA;

	if ((provider = fasttrap_provider_lookup(pid, dhpv->dthpv_provname,
	    &dhpv->dthpv_pattr)) == NULL) {
		printf("failed to instantiate provider %s for "
		    "process %u",  dhpv->dthpv_provname, (uint_t)pid);
		return (NULL);
	}

	/*
	 * Up the meta provider count so this provider isn't removed until
	 * the meta provider has been told to remove it.
	 */
	provider->ftp_mcount++;

	mutex_exit(&provider->ftp_mtx);

	return (provider);
}

/*
 * We know a few things about our context here:  we know that the probe being
 * created doesn't already exist (DTrace won't load DOF at the same address
 * twice, even if explicitly told to do so) and we know that we are
 * single-threaded with respect to the meta provider machinery. Knowing that
 * this is a new probe and that there is no way for us to race with another
 * operation on this provider allows us an important optimization: we need not
 * lookup a probe before adding it.  Saving this lookup is important because
 * this code is in the fork path for processes with USDT probes, and lookups
 * here are potentially very expensive because of long hash conflicts on
 * module, function and name (DTrace doesn't hash on provider name).
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_meta_create_probe(void *arg, void *parg,
    dtrace_helper_probedesc_t *dhpb)
{
	fasttrap_provider_t *provider = parg;
	fasttrap_probe_t *pp;
	fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
	int i, j;
	uint32_t ntps;

	/*
	 * Since the meta provider count is non-zero we don't have to worry
	 * about this provider disappearing.
	 */
	ASSERT(provider->ftp_mcount > 0);

	/*
	 * The offsets must be unique.
	 */
	qsort(dhpb->dthpb_offs, dhpb->dthpb_noffs, sizeof (uint32_t),
	    fasttrap_uint32_cmp);
	for (i = 1; i < dhpb->dthpb_noffs; i++) {
		if (dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_offs[i] <=
		    dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_offs[i - 1])
			return;
	}

	qsort(dhpb->dthpb_enoffs, dhpb->dthpb_nenoffs, sizeof (uint32_t),
	    fasttrap_uint32_cmp);
	for (i = 1; i < dhpb->dthpb_nenoffs; i++) {
		if (dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_enoffs[i] <=
		    dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_enoffs[i - 1])
			return;
	}

	ntps = dhpb->dthpb_noffs + dhpb->dthpb_nenoffs;
	ASSERT(ntps > 0);

	atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, ntps);

	if (fasttrap_total > fasttrap_max) {
		atomic_add_32(&fasttrap_total, -ntps);
		return;
	}

	pp = kmem_zalloc(offsetof(fasttrap_probe_t, ftp_tps[ntps]), KM_SLEEP);

	pp->ftp_prov = provider;
	pp->ftp_pid = provider->ftp_pid;
	pp->ftp_ntps = ntps;
	pp->ftp_nargs = dhpb->dthpb_xargc;
	pp->ftp_xtypes = dhpb->dthpb_xtypes;
	pp->ftp_ntypes = dhpb->dthpb_ntypes;

	/*
	 * First create a tracepoint for each actual point of interest.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < dhpb->dthpb_noffs; i++) {
		tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t), KM_SLEEP);

		tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
		tp->ftt_pc = dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_offs[i];
		tp->ftt_pid = provider->ftp_pid;

		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp = tp;
		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
#ifdef __sparc
		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = DTFTP_POST_OFFSETS;
#else
		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = DTFTP_OFFSETS;
#endif
	}

	/*
	 * Then create a tracepoint for each is-enabled point.
	 */
	for (j = 0; i < ntps; i++, j++) {
		tp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (fasttrap_tracepoint_t), KM_SLEEP);

		tp->ftt_proc = provider->ftp_proc;
		tp->ftt_pc = dhpb->dthpb_base + dhpb->dthpb_enoffs[j];
		tp->ftt_pid = provider->ftp_pid;

		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_tp = tp;
		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_probe = pp;
		pp->ftp_tps[i].fit_id.fti_ptype = DTFTP_IS_ENABLED;
	}

	/*
	 * If the arguments are shuffled around we set the argument remapping
	 * table. Later, when the probe fires, we only remap the arguments
	 * if the table is non-NULL.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < dhpb->dthpb_xargc; i++) {
		if (dhpb->dthpb_args[i] != i) {
			pp->ftp_argmap = dhpb->dthpb_args;
			break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * The probe is fully constructed -- register it with DTrace.
	 */
	pp->ftp_id = dtrace_probe_create(provider->ftp_provid, dhpb->dthpb_mod,
	    dhpb->dthpb_func, dhpb->dthpb_name, FASTTRAP_OFFSET_AFRAMES, pp);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static void
fasttrap_meta_remove(void *arg, dtrace_helper_provdesc_t *dhpv, pid_t pid)
{
	/*
	 * Clean up the USDT provider. There may be active consumers of the
	 * provider busy adding probes, no damage will actually befall the
	 * provider until that count has dropped to zero. This just puts
	 * the provider on death row.
	 */
	fasttrap_provider_retire(pid, dhpv->dthpv_provname, 1);
}

static dtrace_mops_t fasttrap_mops = {
	.dtms_create_probe =	fasttrap_meta_create_probe,
	.dtms_provide_pid =	fasttrap_meta_provide,
	.dtms_remove_pid =	fasttrap_meta_remove
};

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
fasttrap_open(struct cdev *dev __unused, int oflags __unused,
    int devtype __unused, struct thread *td __unused)
{
	return (0);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
fasttrap_ioctl(struct cdev *dev, u_long cmd, caddr_t arg, int fflag,
    struct thread *td)
{
	if (!dtrace_attached())
		return (EAGAIN);

	if (cmd == FASTTRAPIOC_MAKEPROBE) {
		fasttrap_probe_spec_t *uprobe = *(fasttrap_probe_spec_t **)arg;
		fasttrap_probe_spec_t *probe;
		uint64_t noffs;
		size_t size;
		int ret, err;

		if (copyin(&uprobe->ftps_noffs, &noffs,
		    sizeof (uprobe->ftps_noffs)))
			return (EFAULT);

		/*
		 * Probes must have at least one tracepoint.
		 */
		if (noffs == 0)
			return (EINVAL);

		size = sizeof (fasttrap_probe_spec_t) +
		    sizeof (probe->ftps_offs[0]) * (noffs - 1);

		if (size > 1024 * 1024)
			return (ENOMEM);

		probe = kmem_alloc(size, KM_SLEEP);

		if (copyin(uprobe, probe, size) != 0 ||
		    probe->ftps_noffs != noffs) {
			kmem_free(probe, size);
			return (EFAULT);
		}

		/*
		 * Verify that the function and module strings contain no
		 * funny characters.
		 */
		if (u8_validate(probe->ftps_func, strlen(probe->ftps_func),
		    NULL, U8_VALIDATE_ENTIRE, &err) < 0) {
			ret = EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}

		if (u8_validate(probe->ftps_mod, strlen(probe->ftps_mod),
		    NULL, U8_VALIDATE_ENTIRE, &err) < 0) {
			ret = EINVAL;
			goto err;
		}

#ifdef notyet
		if (!PRIV_POLICY_CHOICE(cr, PRIV_ALL, B_FALSE)) {
			proc_t *p;
			pid_t pid = probe->ftps_pid;

			mutex_enter(&pidlock);
			/*
			 * Report an error if the process doesn't exist
			 * or is actively being birthed.
			 */
			if ((p = pfind(pid)) == NULL || p->p_stat == SIDL) {
				mutex_exit(&pidlock);
				return (ESRCH);
			}
			mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
			mutex_exit(&pidlock);

			if ((ret = priv_proc_cred_perm(cr, p, NULL,
			    VREAD | VWRITE)) != 0) {
				mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
				return (ret);
			}
			mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
		}
#endif /* notyet */

		ret = fasttrap_add_probe(probe);
err:
		kmem_free(probe, size);

		return (ret);

	} else if (cmd == FASTTRAPIOC_GETINSTR) {
		fasttrap_instr_query_t instr;
		fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
		uint_t index;
#ifdef notyet
		int ret;
#endif

#ifdef illumos
		if (copyin((void *)arg, &instr, sizeof (instr)) != 0)
			return (EFAULT);
#endif

#ifdef notyet
		if (!PRIV_POLICY_CHOICE(cr, PRIV_ALL, B_FALSE)) {
			proc_t *p;
			pid_t pid = instr.ftiq_pid;

			mutex_enter(&pidlock);
			/*
			 * Report an error if the process doesn't exist
			 * or is actively being birthed.
			 */
			if ((p == pfind(pid)) == NULL || p->p_stat == SIDL) {
				mutex_exit(&pidlock);
				return (ESRCH);
			}
			mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
			mutex_exit(&pidlock);

			if ((ret = priv_proc_cred_perm(cr, p, NULL,
			    VREAD)) != 0) {
				mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
				return (ret);
			}

			mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
		}
#endif /* notyet */

		index = FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(instr.ftiq_pid, instr.ftiq_pc);

		mutex_enter(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_mtx);
		tp = fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_data;
		while (tp != NULL) {
			if (instr.ftiq_pid == tp->ftt_pid &&
			    instr.ftiq_pc == tp->ftt_pc &&
			    tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0)
				break;

			tp = tp->ftt_next;
		}

		if (tp == NULL) {
			mutex_exit(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_mtx);
			return (ENOENT);
		}

		bcopy(&tp->ftt_instr, &instr.ftiq_instr,
		    sizeof (instr.ftiq_instr));
		mutex_exit(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[index].ftb_mtx);

		if (copyout(&instr, (void *)arg, sizeof (instr)) != 0)
			return (EFAULT);

		return (0);
	}

	return (EINVAL);
}

static int
fasttrap_load(void)
{
	ulong_t nent;
	int i, ret;

        /* Create the /dev/dtrace/fasttrap entry. */
        fasttrap_cdev = make_dev(&fasttrap_cdevsw, 0, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600,
            "dtrace/fasttrap");

	mtx_init(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx, "fasttrap clean", "dtrace", MTX_DEF);
	mutex_init(&fasttrap_count_mtx, "fasttrap count mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT,
	    NULL);

#ifdef illumos
	fasttrap_max = ddi_getprop(DDI_DEV_T_ANY, devi, DDI_PROP_DONTPASS,
	    "fasttrap-max-probes", FASTTRAP_MAX_DEFAULT);
#endif
	fasttrap_total = 0;

	/*
	 * Conjure up the tracepoints hashtable...
	 */
#ifdef illumos
	nent = ddi_getprop(DDI_DEV_T_ANY, devi, DDI_PROP_DONTPASS,
	    "fasttrap-hash-size", FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE);
#else
	nent = tpoints_hash_size;
#endif

	if (nent == 0 || nent > 0x1000000)
		nent = FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_DEFAULT_SIZE;

	tpoints_hash_size = nent;

	if (ISP2(nent))
		fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent = nent;
	else
		fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent = 1 << fasttrap_highbit(nent);
	ASSERT(fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent > 0);
	fasttrap_tpoints.fth_mask = fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent - 1;
	fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table = kmem_zalloc(fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent *
	    sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t), KM_SLEEP);
#ifndef illumos
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++)
		mutex_init(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx,
		    "tracepoints bucket mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
#endif

	/*
	 * ... and the providers hash table...
	 */
	nent = FASTTRAP_PROVIDERS_DEFAULT_SIZE;
	if (ISP2(nent))
		fasttrap_provs.fth_nent = nent;
	else
		fasttrap_provs.fth_nent = 1 << fasttrap_highbit(nent);
	ASSERT(fasttrap_provs.fth_nent > 0);
	fasttrap_provs.fth_mask = fasttrap_provs.fth_nent - 1;
	fasttrap_provs.fth_table = kmem_zalloc(fasttrap_provs.fth_nent *
	    sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t), KM_SLEEP);
#ifndef illumos
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++)
		mutex_init(&fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx,
		    "providers bucket mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
#endif

	ret = kproc_create(fasttrap_pid_cleanup_cb, NULL,
	    &fasttrap_cleanup_proc, 0, 0, "ftcleanup");
	if (ret != 0) {
		destroy_dev(fasttrap_cdev);
#ifndef illumos
		for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++)
			mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
		for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++)
			mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
#endif
		kmem_free(fasttrap_provs.fth_table, fasttrap_provs.fth_nent *
		    sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
		mtx_destroy(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
		mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
		return (ret);
	}


	/*
	 * ... and the procs hash table.
	 */
	nent = FASTTRAP_PROCS_DEFAULT_SIZE;
	if (ISP2(nent))
		fasttrap_procs.fth_nent = nent;
	else
		fasttrap_procs.fth_nent = 1 << fasttrap_highbit(nent);
	ASSERT(fasttrap_procs.fth_nent > 0);
	fasttrap_procs.fth_mask = fasttrap_procs.fth_nent - 1;
	fasttrap_procs.fth_table = kmem_zalloc(fasttrap_procs.fth_nent *
	    sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t), KM_SLEEP);
#ifndef illumos
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_procs.fth_nent; i++)
		mutex_init(&fasttrap_procs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx,
		    "processes bucket mtx", MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);

	rm_init(&fasttrap_tp_lock, "fasttrap tracepoint");

	/*
	 * This event handler must run before kdtrace_thread_dtor() since it
	 * accesses the thread's struct kdtrace_thread.
	 */
	fasttrap_thread_dtor_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(thread_dtor,
	    fasttrap_thread_dtor, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_FIRST);
#endif

	/*
	 * Install our hooks into fork(2), exec(2), and exit(2).
	 */
	dtrace_fasttrap_fork = &fasttrap_fork;
	dtrace_fasttrap_exit = &fasttrap_exec_exit;
	dtrace_fasttrap_exec = &fasttrap_exec_exit;

	(void) dtrace_meta_register("fasttrap", &fasttrap_mops, NULL,
	    &fasttrap_meta_id);

	return (0);
}

static int
fasttrap_unload(void)
{
	int i, fail = 0;

	/*
	 * Unregister the meta-provider to make sure no new fasttrap-
	 * managed providers come along while we're trying to close up
	 * shop. If we fail to detach, we'll need to re-register as a
	 * meta-provider. We can fail to unregister as a meta-provider
	 * if providers we manage still exist.
	 */
	if (fasttrap_meta_id != DTRACE_METAPROVNONE &&
	    dtrace_meta_unregister(fasttrap_meta_id) != 0)
		return (-1);

	/*
	 * Iterate over all of our providers. If there's still a process
	 * that corresponds to that pid, fail to detach.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++) {
		fasttrap_provider_t **fpp, *fp;
		fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket = &fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i];

		mutex_enter(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
		fpp = (fasttrap_provider_t **)&bucket->ftb_data;
		while ((fp = *fpp) != NULL) {
			/*
			 * Acquire and release the lock as a simple way of
			 * waiting for any other consumer to finish with
			 * this provider. A thread must first acquire the
			 * bucket lock so there's no chance of another thread
			 * blocking on the provider's lock.
			 */
			mutex_enter(&fp->ftp_mtx);
			mutex_exit(&fp->ftp_mtx);

			if (dtrace_unregister(fp->ftp_provid) != 0) {
				fail = 1;
				fpp = &fp->ftp_next;
			} else {
				*fpp = fp->ftp_next;
				fasttrap_provider_free(fp);
			}
		}

		mutex_exit(&bucket->ftb_mtx);
	}

	if (fail) {
		(void) dtrace_meta_register("fasttrap", &fasttrap_mops, NULL,
		    &fasttrap_meta_id);

		return (-1);
	}

	/*
	 * Stop new processes from entering these hooks now, before the
	 * fasttrap_cleanup thread runs.  That way all processes will hopefully
	 * be out of these hooks before we free fasttrap_provs.fth_table
	 */
	ASSERT(dtrace_fasttrap_fork == &fasttrap_fork);
	dtrace_fasttrap_fork = NULL;

	ASSERT(dtrace_fasttrap_exec == &fasttrap_exec_exit);
	dtrace_fasttrap_exec = NULL;

	ASSERT(dtrace_fasttrap_exit == &fasttrap_exec_exit);
	dtrace_fasttrap_exit = NULL;

	mtx_lock(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);
	fasttrap_cleanup_drain = 1;
	/* Wait for the cleanup thread to finish up and signal us. */
	wakeup(&fasttrap_cleanup_cv);
	mtx_sleep(&fasttrap_cleanup_drain, &fasttrap_cleanup_mtx, 0, "ftcld",
	    0);
	fasttrap_cleanup_proc = NULL;
	mtx_destroy(&fasttrap_cleanup_mtx);

#ifdef DEBUG
	mutex_enter(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
	ASSERT(fasttrap_pid_count == 0);
	mutex_exit(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
#endif

#ifndef illumos
	EVENTHANDLER_DEREGISTER(thread_dtor, fasttrap_thread_dtor_tag);

	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent; i++)
		mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_provs.fth_nent; i++)
		mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_provs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
	for (i = 0; i < fasttrap_procs.fth_nent; i++)
		mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_procs.fth_table[i].ftb_mtx);
#endif
	kmem_free(fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table,
	    fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent * sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
	fasttrap_tpoints.fth_nent = 0;

	kmem_free(fasttrap_provs.fth_table,
	    fasttrap_provs.fth_nent * sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
	fasttrap_provs.fth_nent = 0;

	kmem_free(fasttrap_procs.fth_table,
	    fasttrap_procs.fth_nent * sizeof (fasttrap_bucket_t));
	fasttrap_procs.fth_nent = 0;

#ifndef illumos
	destroy_dev(fasttrap_cdev);
	mutex_destroy(&fasttrap_count_mtx);
	rm_destroy(&fasttrap_tp_lock);
#endif

	return (0);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static int
fasttrap_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
{
	int error = 0;

	switch (type) {
	case MOD_LOAD:
		break;

	case MOD_UNLOAD:
		break;

	case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
		break;

	default:
		error = EOPNOTSUPP;
		break;
	}
	return (error);
}

SYSINIT(fasttrap_load, SI_SUB_DTRACE_PROVIDER, SI_ORDER_ANY, fasttrap_load,
    NULL);
SYSUNINIT(fasttrap_unload, SI_SUB_DTRACE_PROVIDER, SI_ORDER_ANY,
    fasttrap_unload, NULL);

DEV_MODULE(fasttrap, fasttrap_modevent, NULL);
MODULE_VERSION(fasttrap, 1);
MODULE_DEPEND(fasttrap, dtrace, 1, 1, 1);
MODULE_DEPEND(fasttrap, opensolaris, 1, 1, 1);