xref: /freebsd/sys/amd64/linux32/linux32_sysvec.c (revision 48c779cdecb5f803e5fe5d761987e976ca9609db)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2004 Tim J. Robbins
5  * Copyright (c) 2003 Peter Wemm
6  * Copyright (c) 2002 Doug Rabson
7  * Copyright (c) 1998-1999 Andrew Gallatin
8  * Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Søren Schmidt
9  * All rights reserved.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
16  *    in this position and unchanged.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
21  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
25  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
26  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
27  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
28  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
29  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
30  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
31  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
32  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #include "opt_compat.h"
36 
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #ifndef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
41 #error "Unable to compile Linux-emulator due to missing COMPAT_FREEBSD32 option!"
42 #endif
43 
44 #define	__ELF_WORD_SIZE	32
45 
46 #include <sys/param.h>
47 #include <sys/systm.h>
48 #include <sys/exec.h>
49 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
50 #include <sys/imgact.h>
51 #include <sys/imgact_elf.h>
52 #include <sys/kernel.h>
53 #include <sys/lock.h>
54 #include <sys/malloc.h>
55 #include <sys/module.h>
56 #include <sys/mutex.h>
57 #include <sys/proc.h>
58 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
59 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
60 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
61 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
62 #include <sys/sysent.h>
63 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
64 #include <sys/vnode.h>
65 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
66 
67 #include <vm/vm.h>
68 #include <vm/pmap.h>
69 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
70 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
71 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
72 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
73 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
74 
75 #include <machine/cpu.h>
76 #include <machine/md_var.h>
77 #include <machine/pcb.h>
78 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
79 #include <machine/trap.h>
80 
81 #include <amd64/linux32/linux.h>
82 #include <amd64/linux32/linux32_proto.h>
83 #include <compat/linux/linux_emul.h>
84 #include <compat/linux/linux_ioctl.h>
85 #include <compat/linux/linux_mib.h>
86 #include <compat/linux/linux_misc.h>
87 #include <compat/linux/linux_signal.h>
88 #include <compat/linux/linux_util.h>
89 #include <compat/linux/linux_vdso.h>
90 
91 MODULE_VERSION(linux, 1);
92 
93 const char *linux_kplatform;
94 static int linux_szsigcode;
95 static vm_object_t linux_shared_page_obj;
96 static char *linux_shared_page_mapping;
97 extern char _binary_linux32_locore_o_start;
98 extern char _binary_linux32_locore_o_end;
99 
100 extern struct sysent linux32_sysent[LINUX32_SYS_MAXSYSCALL];
101 
102 SET_DECLARE(linux_ioctl_handler_set, struct linux_ioctl_handler);
103 
104 static int	linux_fixup_elf(register_t **stack_base,
105 		    struct image_params *iparams);
106 static register_t *linux_copyout_strings(struct image_params *imgp);
107 static void     linux_sendsig(sig_t catcher, ksiginfo_t *ksi, sigset_t *mask);
108 static void	linux_exec_setregs(struct thread *td,
109 				   struct image_params *imgp, u_long stack);
110 static void	linux32_fixlimit(struct rlimit *rl, int which);
111 static bool	linux32_trans_osrel(const Elf_Note *note, int32_t *osrel);
112 static void	linux_vdso_install(void *param);
113 static void	linux_vdso_deinstall(void *param);
114 
115 #define LINUX_T_UNKNOWN  255
116 static int _bsd_to_linux_trapcode[] = {
117 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 0 */
118 	6,			/* 1  T_PRIVINFLT */
119 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 2 */
120 	3,			/* 3  T_BPTFLT */
121 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 4 */
122 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 5 */
123 	16,			/* 6  T_ARITHTRAP */
124 	254,			/* 7  T_ASTFLT */
125 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 8 */
126 	13,			/* 9  T_PROTFLT */
127 	1,			/* 10 T_TRCTRAP */
128 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 11 */
129 	14,			/* 12 T_PAGEFLT */
130 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 13 */
131 	17,			/* 14 T_ALIGNFLT */
132 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 15 */
133 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 16 */
134 	LINUX_T_UNKNOWN,	/* 17 */
135 	0,			/* 18 T_DIVIDE */
136 	2,			/* 19 T_NMI */
137 	4,			/* 20 T_OFLOW */
138 	5,			/* 21 T_BOUND */
139 	7,			/* 22 T_DNA */
140 	8,			/* 23 T_DOUBLEFLT */
141 	9,			/* 24 T_FPOPFLT */
142 	10,			/* 25 T_TSSFLT */
143 	11,			/* 26 T_SEGNPFLT */
144 	12,			/* 27 T_STKFLT */
145 	18,			/* 28 T_MCHK */
146 	19,			/* 29 T_XMMFLT */
147 	15			/* 30 T_RESERVED */
148 };
149 #define bsd_to_linux_trapcode(code) \
150     ((code)<nitems(_bsd_to_linux_trapcode)? \
151      _bsd_to_linux_trapcode[(code)]: \
152      LINUX_T_UNKNOWN)
153 
154 struct linux32_ps_strings {
155 	u_int32_t ps_argvstr;	/* first of 0 or more argument strings */
156 	u_int ps_nargvstr;	/* the number of argument strings */
157 	u_int32_t ps_envstr;	/* first of 0 or more environment strings */
158 	u_int ps_nenvstr;	/* the number of environment strings */
159 };
160 
161 LINUX_VDSO_SYM_INTPTR(linux32_sigcode);
162 LINUX_VDSO_SYM_INTPTR(linux32_rt_sigcode);
163 LINUX_VDSO_SYM_INTPTR(linux32_vsyscall);
164 LINUX_VDSO_SYM_CHAR(linux_platform);
165 
166 /*
167  * If FreeBSD & Linux have a difference of opinion about what a trap
168  * means, deal with it here.
169  *
170  * MPSAFE
171  */
172 static int
173 linux_translate_traps(int signal, int trap_code)
174 {
175 	if (signal != SIGBUS)
176 		return (signal);
177 	switch (trap_code) {
178 	case T_PROTFLT:
179 	case T_TSSFLT:
180 	case T_DOUBLEFLT:
181 	case T_PAGEFLT:
182 		return (SIGSEGV);
183 	default:
184 		return (signal);
185 	}
186 }
187 
188 static int
189 linux_fixup_elf(register_t **stack_base, struct image_params *imgp)
190 {
191 	Elf32_Auxargs *args;
192 	Elf32_Auxinfo *argarray, *pos;
193 	Elf32_Addr *auxbase, *base;
194 	struct linux32_ps_strings *arginfo;
195 	int error, issetugid;
196 
197 	arginfo = (struct linux32_ps_strings *)LINUX32_PS_STRINGS;
198 
199 	KASSERT(curthread->td_proc == imgp->proc,
200 	    ("unsafe linux_fixup_elf(), should be curproc"));
201 	base = (Elf32_Addr *)*stack_base;
202 	args = (Elf32_Auxargs *)imgp->auxargs;
203 	auxbase = base + (imgp->args->argc + 1 + imgp->args->envc + 1);
204 	argarray = pos = malloc(LINUX_AT_COUNT * sizeof(*pos), M_TEMP,
205 	    M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
206 
207 	issetugid = imgp->proc->p_flag & P_SUGID ? 1 : 0;
208 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_SYSINFO_EHDR,
209 	    imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_shared_page_base);
210 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_SYSINFO, linux32_vsyscall);
211 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_HWCAP, cpu_feature);
212 
213 	/*
214 	 * Do not export AT_CLKTCK when emulating Linux kernel prior to 2.4.0,
215 	 * as it has appeared in the 2.4.0-rc7 first time.
216 	 * Being exported, AT_CLKTCK is returned by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK),
217 	 * glibc falls back to the hard-coded CLK_TCK value when aux entry
218 	 * is not present.
219 	 * Also see linux_times() implementation.
220 	 */
221 	if (linux_kernver(curthread) >= LINUX_KERNVER_2004000)
222 		AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_CLKTCK, stclohz);
223 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PHDR, args->phdr);
224 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PHENT, args->phent);
225 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PHNUM, args->phnum);
226 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_PAGESZ, args->pagesz);
227 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_FLAGS, args->flags);
228 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_ENTRY, args->entry);
229 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_BASE, args->base);
230 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_SECURE, issetugid);
231 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_UID, imgp->proc->p_ucred->cr_ruid);
232 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_EUID, imgp->proc->p_ucred->cr_svuid);
233 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_GID, imgp->proc->p_ucred->cr_rgid);
234 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_EGID, imgp->proc->p_ucred->cr_svgid);
235 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_PLATFORM, PTROUT(linux_platform));
236 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_RANDOM, PTROUT(imgp->canary));
237 	if (imgp->execpathp != 0)
238 		AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, LINUX_AT_EXECFN, PTROUT(imgp->execpathp));
239 	if (args->execfd != -1)
240 		AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_EXECFD, args->execfd);
241 	AUXARGS_ENTRY(pos, AT_NULL, 0);
242 
243 	free(imgp->auxargs, M_TEMP);
244 	imgp->auxargs = NULL;
245 	KASSERT(pos - argarray <= LINUX_AT_COUNT, ("Too many auxargs"));
246 
247 	error = copyout(&argarray[0], auxbase,
248 	    sizeof(*argarray) * LINUX_AT_COUNT);
249 	free(argarray, M_TEMP);
250 	if (error != 0)
251 		return (error);
252 
253 	base--;
254 	if (suword32(base, (uint32_t)imgp->args->argc) == -1)
255 		return (EFAULT);
256 	*stack_base = (register_t *)base;
257 	return (0);
258 }
259 
260 static void
261 linux_rt_sendsig(sig_t catcher, ksiginfo_t *ksi, sigset_t *mask)
262 {
263 	struct thread *td = curthread;
264 	struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
265 	struct sigacts *psp;
266 	struct trapframe *regs;
267 	struct l_rt_sigframe *fp, frame;
268 	int oonstack;
269 	int sig;
270 	int code;
271 
272 	sig = ksi->ksi_signo;
273 	code = ksi->ksi_code;
274 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
275 	psp = p->p_sigacts;
276 	mtx_assert(&psp->ps_mtx, MA_OWNED);
277 	regs = td->td_frame;
278 	oonstack = sigonstack(regs->tf_rsp);
279 
280 	/* Allocate space for the signal handler context. */
281 	if ((td->td_pflags & TDP_ALTSTACK) && !oonstack &&
282 	    SIGISMEMBER(psp->ps_sigonstack, sig)) {
283 		fp = (struct l_rt_sigframe *)((uintptr_t)td->td_sigstk.ss_sp +
284 		    td->td_sigstk.ss_size - sizeof(struct l_rt_sigframe));
285 	} else
286 		fp = (struct l_rt_sigframe *)regs->tf_rsp - 1;
287 	mtx_unlock(&psp->ps_mtx);
288 
289 	/* Build the argument list for the signal handler. */
290 	sig = bsd_to_linux_signal(sig);
291 
292 	bzero(&frame, sizeof(frame));
293 
294 	frame.sf_handler = PTROUT(catcher);
295 	frame.sf_sig = sig;
296 	frame.sf_siginfo = PTROUT(&fp->sf_si);
297 	frame.sf_ucontext = PTROUT(&fp->sf_sc);
298 
299 	/* Fill in POSIX parts. */
300 	ksiginfo_to_lsiginfo(ksi, &frame.sf_si, sig);
301 
302 	/*
303 	 * Build the signal context to be used by sigreturn and libgcc unwind.
304 	 */
305 	frame.sf_sc.uc_flags = 0;		/* XXX ??? */
306 	frame.sf_sc.uc_link = 0;		/* XXX ??? */
307 
308 	frame.sf_sc.uc_stack.ss_sp = PTROUT(td->td_sigstk.ss_sp);
309 	frame.sf_sc.uc_stack.ss_size = td->td_sigstk.ss_size;
310 	frame.sf_sc.uc_stack.ss_flags = (td->td_pflags & TDP_ALTSTACK)
311 	    ? ((oonstack) ? LINUX_SS_ONSTACK : 0) : LINUX_SS_DISABLE;
312 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
313 
314 	bsd_to_linux_sigset(mask, &frame.sf_sc.uc_sigmask);
315 
316 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_mask   = frame.sf_sc.uc_sigmask.__mask;
317 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_edi    = regs->tf_rdi;
318 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_esi    = regs->tf_rsi;
319 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_ebp    = regs->tf_rbp;
320 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_ebx    = regs->tf_rbx;
321 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_esp    = regs->tf_rsp;
322 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_edx    = regs->tf_rdx;
323 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_ecx    = regs->tf_rcx;
324 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_eax    = regs->tf_rax;
325 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_eip    = regs->tf_rip;
326 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_cs     = regs->tf_cs;
327 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_gs     = regs->tf_gs;
328 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_fs     = regs->tf_fs;
329 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_es     = regs->tf_es;
330 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_ds     = regs->tf_ds;
331 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_eflags = regs->tf_rflags;
332 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_esp_at_signal = regs->tf_rsp;
333 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_ss     = regs->tf_ss;
334 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_err    = regs->tf_err;
335 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_cr2    = (u_int32_t)(uintptr_t)ksi->ksi_addr;
336 	frame.sf_sc.uc_mcontext.sc_trapno = bsd_to_linux_trapcode(code);
337 
338 	if (copyout(&frame, fp, sizeof(frame)) != 0) {
339 		/*
340 		 * Process has trashed its stack; give it an illegal
341 		 * instruction to halt it in its tracks.
342 		 */
343 		PROC_LOCK(p);
344 		sigexit(td, SIGILL);
345 	}
346 
347 	/* Build context to run handler in. */
348 	regs->tf_rsp = PTROUT(fp);
349 	regs->tf_rip = linux32_rt_sigcode;
350 	regs->tf_rflags &= ~(PSL_T | PSL_D);
351 	regs->tf_cs = _ucode32sel;
352 	regs->tf_ss = _udatasel;
353 	regs->tf_ds = _udatasel;
354 	regs->tf_es = _udatasel;
355 	regs->tf_fs = _ufssel;
356 	regs->tf_gs = _ugssel;
357 	regs->tf_flags = TF_HASSEGS;
358 	set_pcb_flags(td->td_pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
359 	PROC_LOCK(p);
360 	mtx_lock(&psp->ps_mtx);
361 }
362 
363 
364 /*
365  * Send an interrupt to process.
366  *
367  * Stack is set up to allow sigcode stored
368  * in u. to call routine, followed by kcall
369  * to sigreturn routine below.  After sigreturn
370  * resets the signal mask, the stack, and the
371  * frame pointer, it returns to the user
372  * specified pc, psl.
373  */
374 static void
375 linux_sendsig(sig_t catcher, ksiginfo_t *ksi, sigset_t *mask)
376 {
377 	struct thread *td = curthread;
378 	struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
379 	struct sigacts *psp;
380 	struct trapframe *regs;
381 	struct l_sigframe *fp, frame;
382 	l_sigset_t lmask;
383 	int oonstack;
384 	int sig, code;
385 
386 	sig = ksi->ksi_signo;
387 	code = ksi->ksi_code;
388 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
389 	psp = p->p_sigacts;
390 	mtx_assert(&psp->ps_mtx, MA_OWNED);
391 	if (SIGISMEMBER(psp->ps_siginfo, sig)) {
392 		/* Signal handler installed with SA_SIGINFO. */
393 		linux_rt_sendsig(catcher, ksi, mask);
394 		return;
395 	}
396 
397 	regs = td->td_frame;
398 	oonstack = sigonstack(regs->tf_rsp);
399 
400 	/* Allocate space for the signal handler context. */
401 	if ((td->td_pflags & TDP_ALTSTACK) && !oonstack &&
402 	    SIGISMEMBER(psp->ps_sigonstack, sig)) {
403 		fp = (struct l_sigframe *)((uintptr_t)td->td_sigstk.ss_sp +
404 		    td->td_sigstk.ss_size - sizeof(struct l_sigframe));
405 	} else
406 		fp = (struct l_sigframe *)regs->tf_rsp - 1;
407 	mtx_unlock(&psp->ps_mtx);
408 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
409 
410 	/* Build the argument list for the signal handler. */
411 	sig = bsd_to_linux_signal(sig);
412 
413 	bzero(&frame, sizeof(frame));
414 
415 	frame.sf_handler = PTROUT(catcher);
416 	frame.sf_sig = sig;
417 
418 	bsd_to_linux_sigset(mask, &lmask);
419 
420 	/* Build the signal context to be used by sigreturn. */
421 	frame.sf_sc.sc_mask   = lmask.__mask;
422 	frame.sf_sc.sc_gs     = regs->tf_gs;
423 	frame.sf_sc.sc_fs     = regs->tf_fs;
424 	frame.sf_sc.sc_es     = regs->tf_es;
425 	frame.sf_sc.sc_ds     = regs->tf_ds;
426 	frame.sf_sc.sc_edi    = regs->tf_rdi;
427 	frame.sf_sc.sc_esi    = regs->tf_rsi;
428 	frame.sf_sc.sc_ebp    = regs->tf_rbp;
429 	frame.sf_sc.sc_ebx    = regs->tf_rbx;
430 	frame.sf_sc.sc_esp    = regs->tf_rsp;
431 	frame.sf_sc.sc_edx    = regs->tf_rdx;
432 	frame.sf_sc.sc_ecx    = regs->tf_rcx;
433 	frame.sf_sc.sc_eax    = regs->tf_rax;
434 	frame.sf_sc.sc_eip    = regs->tf_rip;
435 	frame.sf_sc.sc_cs     = regs->tf_cs;
436 	frame.sf_sc.sc_eflags = regs->tf_rflags;
437 	frame.sf_sc.sc_esp_at_signal = regs->tf_rsp;
438 	frame.sf_sc.sc_ss     = regs->tf_ss;
439 	frame.sf_sc.sc_err    = regs->tf_err;
440 	frame.sf_sc.sc_cr2    = (u_int32_t)(uintptr_t)ksi->ksi_addr;
441 	frame.sf_sc.sc_trapno = bsd_to_linux_trapcode(code);
442 
443 	frame.sf_extramask[0] = lmask.__mask;
444 
445 	if (copyout(&frame, fp, sizeof(frame)) != 0) {
446 		/*
447 		 * Process has trashed its stack; give it an illegal
448 		 * instruction to halt it in its tracks.
449 		 */
450 		PROC_LOCK(p);
451 		sigexit(td, SIGILL);
452 	}
453 
454 	/* Build context to run handler in. */
455 	regs->tf_rsp = PTROUT(fp);
456 	regs->tf_rip = linux32_sigcode;
457 	regs->tf_rflags &= ~(PSL_T | PSL_D);
458 	regs->tf_cs = _ucode32sel;
459 	regs->tf_ss = _udatasel;
460 	regs->tf_ds = _udatasel;
461 	regs->tf_es = _udatasel;
462 	regs->tf_fs = _ufssel;
463 	regs->tf_gs = _ugssel;
464 	regs->tf_flags = TF_HASSEGS;
465 	set_pcb_flags(td->td_pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
466 	PROC_LOCK(p);
467 	mtx_lock(&psp->ps_mtx);
468 }
469 
470 /*
471  * System call to cleanup state after a signal
472  * has been taken.  Reset signal mask and
473  * stack state from context left by sendsig (above).
474  * Return to previous pc and psl as specified by
475  * context left by sendsig. Check carefully to
476  * make sure that the user has not modified the
477  * psl to gain improper privileges or to cause
478  * a machine fault.
479  */
480 int
481 linux_sigreturn(struct thread *td, struct linux_sigreturn_args *args)
482 {
483 	struct l_sigframe frame;
484 	struct trapframe *regs;
485 	sigset_t bmask;
486 	l_sigset_t lmask;
487 	int eflags;
488 	ksiginfo_t ksi;
489 
490 	regs = td->td_frame;
491 
492 	/*
493 	 * The trampoline code hands us the sigframe.
494 	 * It is unsafe to keep track of it ourselves, in the event that a
495 	 * program jumps out of a signal handler.
496 	 */
497 	if (copyin(args->sfp, &frame, sizeof(frame)) != 0)
498 		return (EFAULT);
499 
500 	/* Check for security violations. */
501 #define	EFLAGS_SECURE(ef, oef)	((((ef) ^ (oef)) & ~PSL_USERCHANGE) == 0)
502 	eflags = frame.sf_sc.sc_eflags;
503 	if (!EFLAGS_SECURE(eflags, regs->tf_rflags))
504 		return(EINVAL);
505 
506 	/*
507 	 * Don't allow users to load a valid privileged %cs.  Let the
508 	 * hardware check for invalid selectors, excess privilege in
509 	 * other selectors, invalid %eip's and invalid %esp's.
510 	 */
511 #define	CS_SECURE(cs)	(ISPL(cs) == SEL_UPL)
512 	if (!CS_SECURE(frame.sf_sc.sc_cs)) {
513 		ksiginfo_init_trap(&ksi);
514 		ksi.ksi_signo = SIGBUS;
515 		ksi.ksi_code = BUS_OBJERR;
516 		ksi.ksi_trapno = T_PROTFLT;
517 		ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)regs->tf_rip;
518 		trapsignal(td, &ksi);
519 		return(EINVAL);
520 	}
521 
522 	lmask.__mask = frame.sf_sc.sc_mask;
523 	lmask.__mask = frame.sf_extramask[0];
524 	linux_to_bsd_sigset(&lmask, &bmask);
525 	kern_sigprocmask(td, SIG_SETMASK, &bmask, NULL, 0);
526 
527 	/* Restore signal context. */
528 	regs->tf_rdi    = frame.sf_sc.sc_edi;
529 	regs->tf_rsi    = frame.sf_sc.sc_esi;
530 	regs->tf_rbp    = frame.sf_sc.sc_ebp;
531 	regs->tf_rbx    = frame.sf_sc.sc_ebx;
532 	regs->tf_rdx    = frame.sf_sc.sc_edx;
533 	regs->tf_rcx    = frame.sf_sc.sc_ecx;
534 	regs->tf_rax    = frame.sf_sc.sc_eax;
535 	regs->tf_rip    = frame.sf_sc.sc_eip;
536 	regs->tf_cs     = frame.sf_sc.sc_cs;
537 	regs->tf_ds     = frame.sf_sc.sc_ds;
538 	regs->tf_es     = frame.sf_sc.sc_es;
539 	regs->tf_fs     = frame.sf_sc.sc_fs;
540 	regs->tf_gs     = frame.sf_sc.sc_gs;
541 	regs->tf_rflags = eflags;
542 	regs->tf_rsp    = frame.sf_sc.sc_esp_at_signal;
543 	regs->tf_ss     = frame.sf_sc.sc_ss;
544 	set_pcb_flags(td->td_pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
545 
546 	return (EJUSTRETURN);
547 }
548 
549 /*
550  * System call to cleanup state after a signal
551  * has been taken.  Reset signal mask and
552  * stack state from context left by rt_sendsig (above).
553  * Return to previous pc and psl as specified by
554  * context left by sendsig. Check carefully to
555  * make sure that the user has not modified the
556  * psl to gain improper privileges or to cause
557  * a machine fault.
558  */
559 int
560 linux_rt_sigreturn(struct thread *td, struct linux_rt_sigreturn_args *args)
561 {
562 	struct l_ucontext uc;
563 	struct l_sigcontext *context;
564 	sigset_t bmask;
565 	l_stack_t *lss;
566 	stack_t ss;
567 	struct trapframe *regs;
568 	int eflags;
569 	ksiginfo_t ksi;
570 
571 	regs = td->td_frame;
572 
573 	/*
574 	 * The trampoline code hands us the ucontext.
575 	 * It is unsafe to keep track of it ourselves, in the event that a
576 	 * program jumps out of a signal handler.
577 	 */
578 	if (copyin(args->ucp, &uc, sizeof(uc)) != 0)
579 		return (EFAULT);
580 
581 	context = &uc.uc_mcontext;
582 
583 	/* Check for security violations. */
584 #define	EFLAGS_SECURE(ef, oef)	((((ef) ^ (oef)) & ~PSL_USERCHANGE) == 0)
585 	eflags = context->sc_eflags;
586 	if (!EFLAGS_SECURE(eflags, regs->tf_rflags))
587 		return(EINVAL);
588 
589 	/*
590 	 * Don't allow users to load a valid privileged %cs.  Let the
591 	 * hardware check for invalid selectors, excess privilege in
592 	 * other selectors, invalid %eip's and invalid %esp's.
593 	 */
594 #define	CS_SECURE(cs)	(ISPL(cs) == SEL_UPL)
595 	if (!CS_SECURE(context->sc_cs)) {
596 		ksiginfo_init_trap(&ksi);
597 		ksi.ksi_signo = SIGBUS;
598 		ksi.ksi_code = BUS_OBJERR;
599 		ksi.ksi_trapno = T_PROTFLT;
600 		ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)regs->tf_rip;
601 		trapsignal(td, &ksi);
602 		return(EINVAL);
603 	}
604 
605 	linux_to_bsd_sigset(&uc.uc_sigmask, &bmask);
606 	kern_sigprocmask(td, SIG_SETMASK, &bmask, NULL, 0);
607 
608 	/*
609 	 * Restore signal context
610 	 */
611 	regs->tf_gs	= context->sc_gs;
612 	regs->tf_fs	= context->sc_fs;
613 	regs->tf_es	= context->sc_es;
614 	regs->tf_ds	= context->sc_ds;
615 	regs->tf_rdi    = context->sc_edi;
616 	regs->tf_rsi    = context->sc_esi;
617 	regs->tf_rbp    = context->sc_ebp;
618 	regs->tf_rbx    = context->sc_ebx;
619 	regs->tf_rdx    = context->sc_edx;
620 	regs->tf_rcx    = context->sc_ecx;
621 	regs->tf_rax    = context->sc_eax;
622 	regs->tf_rip    = context->sc_eip;
623 	regs->tf_cs     = context->sc_cs;
624 	regs->tf_rflags = eflags;
625 	regs->tf_rsp    = context->sc_esp_at_signal;
626 	regs->tf_ss     = context->sc_ss;
627 	set_pcb_flags(td->td_pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
628 
629 	/*
630 	 * call sigaltstack & ignore results..
631 	 */
632 	lss = &uc.uc_stack;
633 	ss.ss_sp = PTRIN(lss->ss_sp);
634 	ss.ss_size = lss->ss_size;
635 	ss.ss_flags = linux_to_bsd_sigaltstack(lss->ss_flags);
636 
637 	(void)kern_sigaltstack(td, &ss, NULL);
638 
639 	return (EJUSTRETURN);
640 }
641 
642 static int
643 linux32_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td)
644 {
645 	struct proc *p;
646 	struct trapframe *frame;
647 	struct syscall_args *sa;
648 
649 	p = td->td_proc;
650 	frame = td->td_frame;
651 	sa = &td->td_sa;
652 
653 	sa->args[0] = frame->tf_rbx;
654 	sa->args[1] = frame->tf_rcx;
655 	sa->args[2] = frame->tf_rdx;
656 	sa->args[3] = frame->tf_rsi;
657 	sa->args[4] = frame->tf_rdi;
658 	sa->args[5] = frame->tf_rbp;	/* Unconfirmed */
659 	sa->code = frame->tf_rax;
660 
661 	if (sa->code >= p->p_sysent->sv_size)
662 		/* nosys */
663 		sa->callp = &p->p_sysent->sv_table[p->p_sysent->sv_size - 1];
664 	else
665 		sa->callp = &p->p_sysent->sv_table[sa->code];
666 	sa->narg = sa->callp->sy_narg;
667 
668 	td->td_retval[0] = 0;
669 	td->td_retval[1] = frame->tf_rdx;
670 
671 	return (0);
672 }
673 
674 /*
675  * Clear registers on exec
676  * XXX copied from ia32_signal.c.
677  */
678 static void
679 linux_exec_setregs(struct thread *td, struct image_params *imgp, u_long stack)
680 {
681 	struct trapframe *regs = td->td_frame;
682 	struct pcb *pcb = td->td_pcb;
683 	register_t saved_rflags;
684 
685 	regs = td->td_frame;
686 	pcb = td->td_pcb;
687 
688 	if (td->td_proc->p_md.md_ldt != NULL)
689 		user_ldt_free(td);
690 
691 	critical_enter();
692 	wrmsr(MSR_FSBASE, 0);
693 	wrmsr(MSR_KGSBASE, 0);	/* User value while we're in the kernel */
694 	pcb->pcb_fsbase = 0;
695 	pcb->pcb_gsbase = 0;
696 	critical_exit();
697 	pcb->pcb_initial_fpucw = __LINUX_NPXCW__;
698 
699 	saved_rflags = regs->tf_rflags & PSL_T;
700 	bzero((char *)regs, sizeof(struct trapframe));
701 	regs->tf_rip = imgp->entry_addr;
702 	regs->tf_rsp = stack;
703 	regs->tf_rflags = PSL_USER | saved_rflags;
704 	regs->tf_gs = _ugssel;
705 	regs->tf_fs = _ufssel;
706 	regs->tf_es = _udatasel;
707 	regs->tf_ds = _udatasel;
708 	regs->tf_ss = _udatasel;
709 	regs->tf_flags = TF_HASSEGS;
710 	regs->tf_cs = _ucode32sel;
711 	regs->tf_rbx = imgp->ps_strings;
712 
713 	fpstate_drop(td);
714 
715 	/* Do full restore on return so that we can change to a different %cs */
716 	set_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_32BIT | PCB_FULL_IRET);
717 }
718 
719 /*
720  * XXX copied from ia32_sysvec.c.
721  */
722 static register_t *
723 linux_copyout_strings(struct image_params *imgp)
724 {
725 	int argc, envc;
726 	u_int32_t *vectp;
727 	char *stringp, *destp;
728 	u_int32_t *stack_base;
729 	struct linux32_ps_strings *arginfo;
730 	char canary[LINUX_AT_RANDOM_LEN];
731 	size_t execpath_len;
732 
733 	/* Calculate string base and vector table pointers. */
734 	if (imgp->execpath != NULL && imgp->auxargs != NULL)
735 		execpath_len = strlen(imgp->execpath) + 1;
736 	else
737 		execpath_len = 0;
738 
739 	arginfo = (struct linux32_ps_strings *)LINUX32_PS_STRINGS;
740 	destp =	(caddr_t)arginfo - SPARE_USRSPACE -
741 	    roundup(sizeof(canary), sizeof(char *)) -
742 	    roundup(execpath_len, sizeof(char *)) -
743 	    roundup(ARG_MAX - imgp->args->stringspace, sizeof(char *));
744 
745 	if (execpath_len != 0) {
746 		imgp->execpathp = (uintptr_t)arginfo - execpath_len;
747 		copyout(imgp->execpath, (void *)imgp->execpathp, execpath_len);
748 	}
749 
750 	/* Prepare the canary for SSP. */
751 	arc4rand(canary, sizeof(canary), 0);
752 	imgp->canary = (uintptr_t)arginfo -
753 	    roundup(execpath_len, sizeof(char *)) -
754 	    roundup(sizeof(canary), sizeof(char *));
755 	copyout(canary, (void *)imgp->canary, sizeof(canary));
756 
757 	vectp = (uint32_t *)destp;
758 	if (imgp->auxargs) {
759 		/*
760 		 * Allocate room on the stack for the ELF auxargs
761 		 * array.  It has LINUX_AT_COUNT entries.
762 		 */
763 		vectp -= howmany(LINUX_AT_COUNT * sizeof(Elf32_Auxinfo),
764 		    sizeof(*vectp));
765 	}
766 
767 	/*
768 	 * Allocate room for the argv[] and env vectors including the
769 	 * terminating NULL pointers.
770 	 */
771 	vectp -= imgp->args->argc + 1 + imgp->args->envc + 1;
772 
773 	/* vectp also becomes our initial stack base. */
774 	stack_base = vectp;
775 
776 	stringp = imgp->args->begin_argv;
777 	argc = imgp->args->argc;
778 	envc = imgp->args->envc;
779 	/* Copy out strings - arguments and environment. */
780 	copyout(stringp, destp, ARG_MAX - imgp->args->stringspace);
781 
782 	/* Fill in "ps_strings" struct for ps, w, etc. */
783 	suword32(&arginfo->ps_argvstr, (uint32_t)(intptr_t)vectp);
784 	suword32(&arginfo->ps_nargvstr, argc);
785 
786 	/* Fill in argument portion of vector table. */
787 	for (; argc > 0; --argc) {
788 		suword32(vectp++, (uint32_t)(intptr_t)destp);
789 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
790 			destp++;
791 		destp++;
792 	}
793 
794 	/* A null vector table pointer separates the argp's from the envp's. */
795 	suword32(vectp++, 0);
796 
797 	suword32(&arginfo->ps_envstr, (uint32_t)(intptr_t)vectp);
798 	suword32(&arginfo->ps_nenvstr, envc);
799 
800 	/* Fill in environment portion of vector table. */
801 	for (; envc > 0; --envc) {
802 		suword32(vectp++, (uint32_t)(intptr_t)destp);
803 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
804 			destp++;
805 		destp++;
806 	}
807 
808 	/* The end of the vector table is a null pointer. */
809 	suword32(vectp, 0);
810 
811 	return ((register_t *)stack_base);
812 }
813 
814 static SYSCTL_NODE(_compat, OID_AUTO, linux32, CTLFLAG_RW, 0,
815     "32-bit Linux emulation");
816 
817 static u_long	linux32_maxdsiz = LINUX32_MAXDSIZ;
818 SYSCTL_ULONG(_compat_linux32, OID_AUTO, maxdsiz, CTLFLAG_RW,
819     &linux32_maxdsiz, 0, "");
820 static u_long	linux32_maxssiz = LINUX32_MAXSSIZ;
821 SYSCTL_ULONG(_compat_linux32, OID_AUTO, maxssiz, CTLFLAG_RW,
822     &linux32_maxssiz, 0, "");
823 static u_long	linux32_maxvmem = LINUX32_MAXVMEM;
824 SYSCTL_ULONG(_compat_linux32, OID_AUTO, maxvmem, CTLFLAG_RW,
825     &linux32_maxvmem, 0, "");
826 
827 static void
828 linux32_fixlimit(struct rlimit *rl, int which)
829 {
830 
831 	switch (which) {
832 	case RLIMIT_DATA:
833 		if (linux32_maxdsiz != 0) {
834 			if (rl->rlim_cur > linux32_maxdsiz)
835 				rl->rlim_cur = linux32_maxdsiz;
836 			if (rl->rlim_max > linux32_maxdsiz)
837 				rl->rlim_max = linux32_maxdsiz;
838 		}
839 		break;
840 	case RLIMIT_STACK:
841 		if (linux32_maxssiz != 0) {
842 			if (rl->rlim_cur > linux32_maxssiz)
843 				rl->rlim_cur = linux32_maxssiz;
844 			if (rl->rlim_max > linux32_maxssiz)
845 				rl->rlim_max = linux32_maxssiz;
846 		}
847 		break;
848 	case RLIMIT_VMEM:
849 		if (linux32_maxvmem != 0) {
850 			if (rl->rlim_cur > linux32_maxvmem)
851 				rl->rlim_cur = linux32_maxvmem;
852 			if (rl->rlim_max > linux32_maxvmem)
853 				rl->rlim_max = linux32_maxvmem;
854 		}
855 		break;
856 	}
857 }
858 
859 struct sysentvec elf_linux_sysvec = {
860 	.sv_size	= LINUX32_SYS_MAXSYSCALL,
861 	.sv_table	= linux32_sysent,
862 	.sv_errsize	= ELAST + 1,
863 	.sv_errtbl	= linux_errtbl,
864 	.sv_transtrap	= linux_translate_traps,
865 	.sv_fixup	= linux_fixup_elf,
866 	.sv_sendsig	= linux_sendsig,
867 	.sv_sigcode	= &_binary_linux32_locore_o_start,
868 	.sv_szsigcode	= &linux_szsigcode,
869 	.sv_name	= "Linux ELF32",
870 	.sv_coredump	= elf32_coredump,
871 	.sv_imgact_try	= linux_exec_imgact_try,
872 	.sv_minsigstksz	= LINUX_MINSIGSTKSZ,
873 	.sv_minuser	= VM_MIN_ADDRESS,
874 	.sv_maxuser	= LINUX32_MAXUSER,
875 	.sv_usrstack	= LINUX32_USRSTACK,
876 	.sv_psstrings	= LINUX32_PS_STRINGS,
877 	.sv_stackprot	= VM_PROT_ALL,
878 	.sv_copyout_strings = linux_copyout_strings,
879 	.sv_setregs	= linux_exec_setregs,
880 	.sv_fixlimit	= linux32_fixlimit,
881 	.sv_maxssiz	= &linux32_maxssiz,
882 	.sv_flags	= SV_ABI_LINUX | SV_ILP32 | SV_IA32 | SV_SHP,
883 	.sv_set_syscall_retval = cpu_set_syscall_retval,
884 	.sv_fetch_syscall_args = linux32_fetch_syscall_args,
885 	.sv_syscallnames = NULL,
886 	.sv_shared_page_base = LINUX32_SHAREDPAGE,
887 	.sv_shared_page_len = PAGE_SIZE,
888 	.sv_schedtail	= linux_schedtail,
889 	.sv_thread_detach = linux_thread_detach,
890 	.sv_trap	= NULL,
891 };
892 
893 static void
894 linux_vdso_install(void *param)
895 {
896 
897 	linux_szsigcode = (&_binary_linux32_locore_o_end -
898 	    &_binary_linux32_locore_o_start);
899 
900 	if (linux_szsigcode > elf_linux_sysvec.sv_shared_page_len)
901 		panic("Linux invalid vdso size\n");
902 
903 	__elfN(linux_vdso_fixup)(&elf_linux_sysvec);
904 
905 	linux_shared_page_obj = __elfN(linux_shared_page_init)
906 	    (&linux_shared_page_mapping);
907 
908 	__elfN(linux_vdso_reloc)(&elf_linux_sysvec);
909 
910 	bcopy(elf_linux_sysvec.sv_sigcode, linux_shared_page_mapping,
911 	    linux_szsigcode);
912 	elf_linux_sysvec.sv_shared_page_obj = linux_shared_page_obj;
913 
914 	linux_kplatform = linux_shared_page_mapping +
915 	    (linux_platform - (caddr_t)elf_linux_sysvec.sv_shared_page_base);
916 }
917 SYSINIT(elf_linux_vdso_init, SI_SUB_EXEC, SI_ORDER_ANY,
918     linux_vdso_install, NULL);
919 
920 static void
921 linux_vdso_deinstall(void *param)
922 {
923 
924 	__elfN(linux_shared_page_fini)(linux_shared_page_obj);
925 }
926 SYSUNINIT(elf_linux_vdso_uninit, SI_SUB_EXEC, SI_ORDER_FIRST,
927     linux_vdso_deinstall, NULL);
928 
929 static char GNU_ABI_VENDOR[] = "GNU";
930 static int GNULINUX_ABI_DESC = 0;
931 
932 static bool
933 linux32_trans_osrel(const Elf_Note *note, int32_t *osrel)
934 {
935 	const Elf32_Word *desc;
936 	uintptr_t p;
937 
938 	p = (uintptr_t)(note + 1);
939 	p += roundup2(note->n_namesz, sizeof(Elf32_Addr));
940 
941 	desc = (const Elf32_Word *)p;
942 	if (desc[0] != GNULINUX_ABI_DESC)
943 		return (false);
944 
945 	/*
946 	 * For Linux we encode osrel using the Linux convention of
947 	 * 	(version << 16) | (major << 8) | (minor)
948 	 * See macro in linux_mib.h
949 	 */
950 	*osrel = LINUX_KERNVER(desc[1], desc[2], desc[3]);
951 
952 	return (true);
953 }
954 
955 static Elf_Brandnote linux32_brandnote = {
956 	.hdr.n_namesz	= sizeof(GNU_ABI_VENDOR),
957 	.hdr.n_descsz	= 16,	/* XXX at least 16 */
958 	.hdr.n_type	= 1,
959 	.vendor		= GNU_ABI_VENDOR,
960 	.flags		= BN_TRANSLATE_OSREL,
961 	.trans_osrel	= linux32_trans_osrel
962 };
963 
964 static Elf32_Brandinfo linux_brand = {
965 	.brand		= ELFOSABI_LINUX,
966 	.machine	= EM_386,
967 	.compat_3_brand	= "Linux",
968 	.emul_path	= "/compat/linux",
969 	.interp_path	= "/lib/ld-linux.so.1",
970 	.sysvec		= &elf_linux_sysvec,
971 	.interp_newpath	= NULL,
972 	.brand_note	= &linux32_brandnote,
973 	.flags		= BI_CAN_EXEC_DYN | BI_BRAND_NOTE
974 };
975 
976 static Elf32_Brandinfo linux_glibc2brand = {
977 	.brand		= ELFOSABI_LINUX,
978 	.machine	= EM_386,
979 	.compat_3_brand	= "Linux",
980 	.emul_path	= "/compat/linux",
981 	.interp_path	= "/lib/ld-linux.so.2",
982 	.sysvec		= &elf_linux_sysvec,
983 	.interp_newpath	= NULL,
984 	.brand_note	= &linux32_brandnote,
985 	.flags		= BI_CAN_EXEC_DYN | BI_BRAND_NOTE
986 };
987 
988 static Elf32_Brandinfo linux_muslbrand = {
989 	.brand		= ELFOSABI_LINUX,
990 	.machine	= EM_386,
991 	.compat_3_brand	= "Linux",
992 	.emul_path	= "/compat/linux",
993 	.interp_path	= "/lib/ld-musl-i386.so.1",
994 	.sysvec		= &elf_linux_sysvec,
995 	.interp_newpath	= NULL,
996 	.brand_note	= &linux32_brandnote,
997 	.flags		= BI_CAN_EXEC_DYN | BI_BRAND_NOTE
998 };
999 
1000 Elf32_Brandinfo *linux_brandlist[] = {
1001 	&linux_brand,
1002 	&linux_glibc2brand,
1003 	&linux_muslbrand,
1004 	NULL
1005 };
1006 
1007 static int
1008 linux_elf_modevent(module_t mod, int type, void *data)
1009 {
1010 	Elf32_Brandinfo **brandinfo;
1011 	int error;
1012 	struct linux_ioctl_handler **lihp;
1013 
1014 	error = 0;
1015 
1016 	switch(type) {
1017 	case MOD_LOAD:
1018 		for (brandinfo = &linux_brandlist[0]; *brandinfo != NULL;
1019 		     ++brandinfo)
1020 			if (elf32_insert_brand_entry(*brandinfo) < 0)
1021 				error = EINVAL;
1022 		if (error == 0) {
1023 			SET_FOREACH(lihp, linux_ioctl_handler_set)
1024 				linux32_ioctl_register_handler(*lihp);
1025 			stclohz = (stathz ? stathz : hz);
1026 			if (bootverbose)
1027 				printf("Linux ELF exec handler installed\n");
1028 		} else
1029 			printf("cannot insert Linux ELF brand handler\n");
1030 		break;
1031 	case MOD_UNLOAD:
1032 		for (brandinfo = &linux_brandlist[0]; *brandinfo != NULL;
1033 		     ++brandinfo)
1034 			if (elf32_brand_inuse(*brandinfo))
1035 				error = EBUSY;
1036 		if (error == 0) {
1037 			for (brandinfo = &linux_brandlist[0];
1038 			     *brandinfo != NULL; ++brandinfo)
1039 				if (elf32_remove_brand_entry(*brandinfo) < 0)
1040 					error = EINVAL;
1041 		}
1042 		if (error == 0) {
1043 			SET_FOREACH(lihp, linux_ioctl_handler_set)
1044 				linux32_ioctl_unregister_handler(*lihp);
1045 			if (bootverbose)
1046 				printf("Linux ELF exec handler removed\n");
1047 		} else
1048 			printf("Could not deinstall ELF interpreter entry\n");
1049 		break;
1050 	default:
1051 		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
1052 	}
1053 	return (error);
1054 }
1055 
1056 static moduledata_t linux_elf_mod = {
1057 	"linuxelf",
1058 	linux_elf_modevent,
1059 	0
1060 };
1061 
1062 DECLARE_MODULE_TIED(linuxelf, linux_elf_mod, SI_SUB_EXEC, SI_ORDER_ANY);
1063 MODULE_DEPEND(linuxelf, linux_common, 1, 1, 1);
1064 FEATURE(linux, "Linux 32bit support");
1065