xref: /freebsd/stand/libsa/gpt.c (revision 4543ef516683042d46f3bd3bb8a4f3f746e00499)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2010 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/param.h>
28 #include <sys/gpt.h>
29 
30 #ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
31 #error gpt.c works only for little endian architectures
32 #endif
33 
34 #include "stand.h"
35 #include "zlib.h"
36 #include "drv.h"
37 #include "gpt.h"
38 
39 static struct gpt_hdr hdr_primary, hdr_backup, *gpthdr;
40 static uint64_t hdr_primary_lba, hdr_backup_lba;
41 static struct gpt_ent table_primary[MAXTBLENTS], table_backup[MAXTBLENTS];
42 static struct gpt_ent *gpttable;
43 static int curent, bootonce;
44 
45 /*
46  * Buffer below 64kB passed on gptread(), which can hold at least
47  * one sector of data (512 bytes).
48  */
49 static char *secbuf;
50 
51 static void
52 gptupdate(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
53     struct gpt_ent *table)
54 {
55 	int entries_per_sec, firstent;
56 	daddr_t slba;
57 
58 	/*
59 	 * We need to update the following for both primary and backup GPT:
60 	 * 1. Sector on disk that contains current partition.
61 	 * 2. Partition table checksum.
62 	 * 3. Header checksum.
63 	 * 4. Header on disk.
64 	 */
65 
66 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
67 	slba = curent / entries_per_sec;
68 	firstent = slba * entries_per_sec;
69 	bcopy(&table[firstent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
70 	slba += hdr->hdr_lba_table;
71 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
72 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
73 		    BOOTPROG, which);
74 		return;
75 	}
76 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
77 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_table, (const Bytef *)table,
78 	    hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
79 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
80 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, (const Bytef *)hdr,
81 	    hdr->hdr_size);
82 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
83 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
84 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1)) {
85 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
86 		return;
87 	}
88 }
89 
90 int
91 gptfind(const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp, int part)
92 {
93 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
94 	int firsttry;
95 
96 	if (part >= 0) {
97 		if (part == 0 || part > gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
98 			printf("%s: invalid partition index\n", BOOTPROG);
99 			return (-1);
100 		}
101 		ent = &gpttable[part - 1];
102 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0) {
103 			printf("%s: specified partition is not UFS\n",
104 			    BOOTPROG);
105 			return (-1);
106 		}
107 		curent = part - 1;
108 		goto found;
109 	}
110 
111 	firsttry = (curent == -1);
112 	curent++;
113 	if (curent >= gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
114 		curent = gpthdr->hdr_entries;
115 		return (-1);
116 	}
117 	if (bootonce) {
118 		/*
119 		 * First look for partition with both GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME and
120 		 * GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE flags.
121 		 */
122 		for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
123 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
124 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
125 				continue;
126 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
127 				continue;
128 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
129 				continue;
130 			/* Ok, found one. */
131 			goto found;
132 		}
133 		bootonce = 0;
134 		curent = 0;
135 	}
136 	for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
137 		ent = &gpttable[curent];
138 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
139 			continue;
140 		if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
141 			continue;
142 		if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE)
143 			continue;
144 		/* Ok, found one. */
145 		goto found;
146 	}
147 	if (firsttry) {
148 		/*
149 		 * No partition with BOOTME flag was found, try to boot from
150 		 * first UFS partition.
151 		 */
152 		for (curent = 0; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
153 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
154 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
155 				continue;
156 			/* Ok, found one. */
157 			goto found;
158 		}
159 	}
160 	return (-1);
161 found:
162 	dskp->part = curent + 1;
163 	ent = &gpttable[curent];
164 	dskp->start = ent->ent_lba_start;
165 	if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
166 		/*
167 		 * Clear BOOTME, but leave BOOTONCE set before trying to
168 		 * boot from this partition.
169 		 */
170 		if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
171 			table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
172 			gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
173 		}
174 		if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
175 			table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
176 			gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
177 		}
178 	}
179 	return (0);
180 }
181 
182 static int
183 gptread_hdr(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
184     uint64_t hdrlba)
185 {
186 	uint32_t crc;
187 
188 	if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, hdrlba, 1)) {
189 		printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
190 		return (-1);
191 	}
192 	bcopy(secbuf, hdr, sizeof(*hdr));
193 	if (bcmp(hdr->hdr_sig, GPT_HDR_SIG, sizeof(hdr->hdr_sig)) != 0 ||
194 	    hdr->hdr_lba_self != hdrlba || hdr->hdr_revision < 0x00010000 ||
195 	    hdr->hdr_entsz < sizeof(struct gpt_ent) ||
196 	    hdr->hdr_entries > MAXTBLENTS || DEV_BSIZE % hdr->hdr_entsz != 0) {
197 		printf("%s: invalid %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
198 		return (-1);
199 	}
200 	crc = hdr->hdr_crc_self;
201 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
202 	if (crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, (const Bytef *)hdr, hdr->hdr_size) !=
203 	    crc) {
204 		printf("%s: %s GPT header checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG,
205 		    which);
206 		return (-1);
207 	}
208 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc;
209 	return (0);
210 }
211 
212 void
213 gptbootfailed(struct dsk *dskp)
214 {
215 
216 	if (!(gpttable[curent].ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
217 		return;
218 
219 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
220 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
221 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
222 		gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
223 	}
224 	if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
225 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
226 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
227 		gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
228 	}
229 }
230 
231 static void
232 gptbootconv(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
233     struct gpt_ent *table)
234 {
235 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
236 	daddr_t slba;
237 	int table_updated, sector_updated;
238 	int entries_per_sec, nent, part;
239 
240 	table_updated = 0;
241 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
242 	for (nent = 0, slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
243 	     slba < hdr->hdr_lba_table + hdr->hdr_entries / entries_per_sec;
244 	     slba++, nent += entries_per_sec) {
245 		sector_updated = 0;
246 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++) {
247 			ent = &table[nent + part];
248 			if ((ent->ent_attr & (GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME |
249 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE |
250 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED)) !=
251 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
252 				continue;
253 			}
254 			ent->ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
255 			ent->ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
256 			table_updated = 1;
257 			sector_updated = 1;
258 		}
259 		if (!sector_updated)
260 			continue;
261 		bcopy(&table[nent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
262 		if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
263 			printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
264 			    BOOTPROG, which);
265 		}
266 	}
267 	if (!table_updated)
268 		return;
269 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
270 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_table, (const Bytef *)table,
271 	    hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
272 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
273 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, (const Bytef *)hdr,
274 	    hdr->hdr_size);
275 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
276 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
277 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1))
278 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
279 }
280 
281 static int
282 gptread_table(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
283     struct gpt_ent *table)
284 {
285 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
286 	int entries_per_sec;
287 	int part, nent;
288 	daddr_t slba;
289 
290 	if (hdr->hdr_entries == 0)
291 		return (0);
292 
293 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
294 	slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
295 	nent = 0;
296 	for (;;) {
297 		if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
298 			printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT partition table\n",
299 			    BOOTPROG, which);
300 			return (-1);
301 		}
302 		ent = (struct gpt_ent *)secbuf;
303 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++, ent++) {
304 			bcopy(ent, &table[nent], sizeof(table[nent]));
305 			if (++nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
306 				break;
307 		}
308 		if (nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
309 			break;
310 		slba++;
311 	}
312 	if (crc32(0, (const Bytef *)table, nent * hdr->hdr_entsz) !=
313 	    hdr->hdr_crc_table) {
314 		printf("%s: %s GPT table checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG, which);
315 		return (-1);
316 	}
317 	return (0);
318 }
319 
320 int
321 gptread(struct dsk *dskp, char *buf)
322 {
323 	uint64_t altlba;
324 
325 	/*
326 	 * Read and verify both GPT headers: primary and backup.
327 	 */
328 
329 	secbuf = buf;
330 	hdr_primary_lba = hdr_backup_lba = 0;
331 	curent = -1;
332 	bootonce = 1;
333 	dskp->start = 0;
334 
335 	if (gptread_hdr("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, 1) == 0 &&
336 	    gptread_table("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary) == 0) {
337 		hdr_primary_lba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_self;
338 		gpthdr = &hdr_primary;
339 		gpttable = table_primary;
340 	}
341 
342 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
343 		/*
344 		 * If primary header is valid, we can get backup
345 		 * header location from there.
346 		 */
347 		altlba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_alt;
348 	} else {
349 		altlba = drvsize(dskp);
350 		if (altlba > 0)
351 			altlba--;
352 	}
353 	if (altlba == 0)
354 		printf("%s: unable to locate backup GPT header\n", BOOTPROG);
355 	else if (gptread_hdr("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, altlba) == 0 &&
356 	    gptread_table("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup) == 0) {
357 		hdr_backup_lba = hdr_backup.hdr_lba_self;
358 		if (hdr_primary_lba == 0) {
359 			gpthdr = &hdr_backup;
360 			gpttable = table_backup;
361 			printf("%s: using backup GPT\n", BOOTPROG);
362 		}
363 	}
364 
365 	/*
366 	 * Convert all BOOTONCE without BOOTME flags into BOOTFAILED.
367 	 * BOOTONCE without BOOTME means that we tried to boot from it,
368 	 * but failed after leaving gptboot and machine was rebooted.
369 	 * We don't want to leave partitions marked as BOOTONCE only,
370 	 * because when we boot successfully start-up scripts should
371 	 * find at most one partition with only BOOTONCE flag and this
372 	 * will mean that we booted from that partition.
373 	 */
374 	if (hdr_primary_lba != 0)
375 		gptbootconv("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
376 	if (hdr_backup_lba != 0)
377 		gptbootconv("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
378 
379 	if (hdr_primary_lba == 0 && hdr_backup_lba == 0)
380 		return (-1);
381 	return (0);
382 }
383