xref: /freebsd/stand/libsa/gpt.c (revision 389e4940069316fe667ffa263fa7d6390d0a960f)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2010 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
29 
30 #include <sys/param.h>
31 #include <sys/gpt.h>
32 
33 #ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
34 #error gpt.c works only for little endian architectures
35 #endif
36 
37 #include "stand.h"
38 #include "crc32.h"
39 #include "drv.h"
40 #include "gpt.h"
41 
42 static struct gpt_hdr hdr_primary, hdr_backup, *gpthdr;
43 static uint64_t hdr_primary_lba, hdr_backup_lba;
44 static struct gpt_ent table_primary[MAXTBLENTS], table_backup[MAXTBLENTS];
45 static struct gpt_ent *gpttable;
46 static int curent, bootonce;
47 
48 /*
49  * Buffer below 64kB passed on gptread(), which can hold at least
50  * one sector of data (512 bytes).
51  */
52 static char *secbuf;
53 
54 static void
55 gptupdate(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
56     struct gpt_ent *table)
57 {
58 	int entries_per_sec, firstent;
59 	daddr_t slba;
60 
61 	/*
62 	 * We need to update the following for both primary and backup GPT:
63 	 * 1. Sector on disk that contains current partition.
64 	 * 2. Partition table checksum.
65 	 * 3. Header checksum.
66 	 * 4. Header on disk.
67 	 */
68 
69 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
70 	slba = curent / entries_per_sec;
71 	firstent = slba * entries_per_sec;
72 	bcopy(&table[firstent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
73 	slba += hdr->hdr_lba_table;
74 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
75 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
76 		    BOOTPROG, which);
77 		return;
78 	}
79 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(table, hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
80 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = 0;
81 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr, hdr->hdr_size);
82 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
83 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
84 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1)) {
85 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
86 		return;
87 	}
88 }
89 
90 int
91 gptfind(const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp, int part)
92 {
93 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
94 	int firsttry;
95 
96 	if (part >= 0) {
97 		if (part == 0 || part > gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
98 			printf("%s: invalid partition index\n", BOOTPROG);
99 			return (-1);
100 		}
101 		ent = &gpttable[part - 1];
102 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0) {
103 			printf("%s: specified partition is not UFS\n",
104 			    BOOTPROG);
105 			return (-1);
106 		}
107 		curent = part - 1;
108 		goto found;
109 	}
110 
111 	firsttry = (curent == -1);
112 	curent++;
113 	if (curent >= gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
114 		curent = gpthdr->hdr_entries;
115 		return (-1);
116 	}
117 	if (bootonce) {
118 		/*
119 		 * First look for partition with both GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME and
120 		 * GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE flags.
121 		 */
122 		for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
123 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
124 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
125 				continue;
126 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
127 				continue;
128 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
129 				continue;
130 			/* Ok, found one. */
131 			goto found;
132 		}
133 		bootonce = 0;
134 		curent = 0;
135 	}
136 	for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
137 		ent = &gpttable[curent];
138 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
139 			continue;
140 		if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
141 			continue;
142 		if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE)
143 			continue;
144 		/* Ok, found one. */
145 		goto found;
146 	}
147 	if (firsttry) {
148 		/*
149 		 * No partition with BOOTME flag was found, try to boot from
150 		 * first UFS partition.
151 		 */
152 		for (curent = 0; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
153 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
154 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
155 				continue;
156 			/* Ok, found one. */
157 			goto found;
158 		}
159 	}
160 	return (-1);
161 found:
162 	dskp->part = curent + 1;
163 	ent = &gpttable[curent];
164 	dskp->start = ent->ent_lba_start;
165 	if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
166 		/*
167 		 * Clear BOOTME, but leave BOOTONCE set before trying to
168 		 * boot from this partition.
169 		 */
170 		if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
171 			table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
172 			gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
173 		}
174 		if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
175 			table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
176 			gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
177 		}
178 	}
179 	return (0);
180 }
181 
182 static int
183 gptread_hdr(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
184     uint64_t hdrlba)
185 {
186 	uint32_t crc;
187 
188 	if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, hdrlba, 1)) {
189 		printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
190 		return (-1);
191 	}
192 	bcopy(secbuf, hdr, sizeof(*hdr));
193 	if (bcmp(hdr->hdr_sig, GPT_HDR_SIG, sizeof(hdr->hdr_sig)) != 0 ||
194 	    hdr->hdr_lba_self != hdrlba || hdr->hdr_revision < 0x00010000 ||
195 	    hdr->hdr_entsz < sizeof(struct gpt_ent) ||
196 	    hdr->hdr_entries > MAXTBLENTS || DEV_BSIZE % hdr->hdr_entsz != 0) {
197 		printf("%s: invalid %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
198 		return (-1);
199 	}
200 	crc = hdr->hdr_crc_self;
201 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = 0;
202 	if (crc32(hdr, hdr->hdr_size) != crc) {
203 		printf("%s: %s GPT header checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG,
204 		    which);
205 		return (-1);
206 	}
207 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc;
208 	return (0);
209 }
210 
211 void
212 gptbootfailed(struct dsk *dskp)
213 {
214 
215 	if (!(gpttable[curent].ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
216 		return;
217 
218 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
219 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
220 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
221 		gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
222 	}
223 	if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
224 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
225 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
226 		gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
227 	}
228 }
229 
230 static void
231 gptbootconv(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
232     struct gpt_ent *table)
233 {
234 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
235 	daddr_t slba;
236 	int table_updated, sector_updated;
237 	int entries_per_sec, nent, part;
238 
239 	table_updated = 0;
240 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
241 	for (nent = 0, slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
242 	     slba < hdr->hdr_lba_table + hdr->hdr_entries / entries_per_sec;
243 	     slba++, nent += entries_per_sec) {
244 		sector_updated = 0;
245 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++) {
246 			ent = &table[nent + part];
247 			if ((ent->ent_attr & (GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME |
248 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE |
249 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED)) !=
250 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
251 				continue;
252 			}
253 			ent->ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
254 			ent->ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
255 			table_updated = 1;
256 			sector_updated = 1;
257 		}
258 		if (!sector_updated)
259 			continue;
260 		bcopy(&table[nent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
261 		if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
262 			printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
263 			    BOOTPROG, which);
264 		}
265 	}
266 	if (!table_updated)
267 		return;
268 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(table, hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
269 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = 0;
270 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr, hdr->hdr_size);
271 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
272 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
273 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1))
274 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
275 }
276 
277 static int
278 gptread_table(const char *which, const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp,
279     struct gpt_hdr *hdr, struct gpt_ent *table)
280 {
281 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
282 	int entries_per_sec;
283 	int part, nent;
284 	daddr_t slba;
285 
286 	if (hdr->hdr_entries == 0)
287 		return (0);
288 
289 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
290 	slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
291 	nent = 0;
292 	for (;;) {
293 		if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
294 			printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT partition table\n",
295 			    BOOTPROG, which);
296 			return (-1);
297 		}
298 		ent = (struct gpt_ent *)secbuf;
299 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++, ent++) {
300 			bcopy(ent, &table[nent], sizeof(table[nent]));
301 			if (++nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
302 				break;
303 		}
304 		if (nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
305 			break;
306 		slba++;
307 	}
308 	if (crc32(table, nent * hdr->hdr_entsz) != hdr->hdr_crc_table) {
309 		printf("%s: %s GPT table checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG, which);
310 		return (-1);
311 	}
312 	return (0);
313 }
314 
315 int
316 gptread(const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp, char *buf)
317 {
318 	uint64_t altlba;
319 
320 	/*
321 	 * Read and verify both GPT headers: primary and backup.
322 	 */
323 
324 	secbuf = buf;
325 	hdr_primary_lba = hdr_backup_lba = 0;
326 	curent = -1;
327 	bootonce = 1;
328 	dskp->start = 0;
329 
330 	if (gptread_hdr("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, 1) == 0 &&
331 	    gptread_table("primary", uuid, dskp, &hdr_primary,
332 	    table_primary) == 0) {
333 		hdr_primary_lba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_self;
334 		gpthdr = &hdr_primary;
335 		gpttable = table_primary;
336 	}
337 
338 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
339 		/*
340 		 * If primary header is valid, we can get backup
341 		 * header location from there.
342 		 */
343 		altlba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_alt;
344 	} else {
345 		altlba = drvsize(dskp);
346 		if (altlba > 0)
347 			altlba--;
348 	}
349 	if (altlba == 0)
350 		printf("%s: unable to locate backup GPT header\n", BOOTPROG);
351 	else if (gptread_hdr("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, altlba) == 0 &&
352 	    gptread_table("backup", uuid, dskp, &hdr_backup,
353 	    table_backup) == 0) {
354 		hdr_backup_lba = hdr_backup.hdr_lba_self;
355 		if (hdr_primary_lba == 0) {
356 			gpthdr = &hdr_backup;
357 			gpttable = table_backup;
358 			printf("%s: using backup GPT\n", BOOTPROG);
359 		}
360 	}
361 
362 	/*
363 	 * Convert all BOOTONCE without BOOTME flags into BOOTFAILED.
364 	 * BOOTONCE without BOOTME means that we tried to boot from it,
365 	 * but failed after leaving gptboot and machine was rebooted.
366 	 * We don't want to leave partitions marked as BOOTONCE only,
367 	 * because when we boot successfully start-up scripts should
368 	 * find at most one partition with only BOOTONCE flag and this
369 	 * will mean that we booted from that partition.
370 	 */
371 	if (hdr_primary_lba != 0)
372 		gptbootconv("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
373 	if (hdr_backup_lba != 0)
374 		gptbootconv("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
375 
376 	if (hdr_primary_lba == 0 && hdr_backup_lba == 0)
377 		return (-1);
378 	return (0);
379 }
380