xref: /freebsd/stand/libsa/gpt.c (revision 2008043f386721d58158e37e0d7e50df8095942d)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2010 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 #include <sys/param.h>
29 #include <sys/gpt.h>
30 
31 #ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
32 #error gpt.c works only for little endian architectures
33 #endif
34 
35 #include "stand.h"
36 #include "zlib.h"
37 #include "drv.h"
38 #include "gpt.h"
39 
40 static struct gpt_hdr hdr_primary, hdr_backup, *gpthdr;
41 static uint64_t hdr_primary_lba, hdr_backup_lba;
42 static struct gpt_ent table_primary[MAXTBLENTS], table_backup[MAXTBLENTS];
43 static struct gpt_ent *gpttable;
44 static int curent, bootonce;
45 
46 /*
47  * Buffer below 64kB passed on gptread(), which can hold at least
48  * one sector of data (512 bytes).
49  */
50 static char *secbuf;
51 
52 static void
53 gptupdate(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
54     struct gpt_ent *table)
55 {
56 	int entries_per_sec, firstent;
57 	daddr_t slba;
58 
59 	/*
60 	 * We need to update the following for both primary and backup GPT:
61 	 * 1. Sector on disk that contains current partition.
62 	 * 2. Partition table checksum.
63 	 * 3. Header checksum.
64 	 * 4. Header on disk.
65 	 */
66 
67 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
68 	slba = curent / entries_per_sec;
69 	firstent = slba * entries_per_sec;
70 	bcopy(&table[firstent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
71 	slba += hdr->hdr_lba_table;
72 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
73 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
74 		    BOOTPROG, which);
75 		return;
76 	}
77 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
78 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_table, (const Bytef *)table,
79 	    hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
80 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
81 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, (const Bytef *)hdr,
82 	    hdr->hdr_size);
83 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
84 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
85 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1)) {
86 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
87 		return;
88 	}
89 }
90 
91 int
92 gptfind(const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp, int part)
93 {
94 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
95 	int firsttry;
96 
97 	if (part >= 0) {
98 		if (part == 0 || part > gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
99 			printf("%s: invalid partition index\n", BOOTPROG);
100 			return (-1);
101 		}
102 		ent = &gpttable[part - 1];
103 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0) {
104 			printf("%s: specified partition is not UFS\n",
105 			    BOOTPROG);
106 			return (-1);
107 		}
108 		curent = part - 1;
109 		goto found;
110 	}
111 
112 	firsttry = (curent == -1);
113 	curent++;
114 	if (curent >= gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
115 		curent = gpthdr->hdr_entries;
116 		return (-1);
117 	}
118 	if (bootonce) {
119 		/*
120 		 * First look for partition with both GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME and
121 		 * GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE flags.
122 		 */
123 		for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
124 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
125 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
126 				continue;
127 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
128 				continue;
129 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
130 				continue;
131 			/* Ok, found one. */
132 			goto found;
133 		}
134 		bootonce = 0;
135 		curent = 0;
136 	}
137 	for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
138 		ent = &gpttable[curent];
139 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
140 			continue;
141 		if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
142 			continue;
143 		if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE)
144 			continue;
145 		/* Ok, found one. */
146 		goto found;
147 	}
148 	if (firsttry) {
149 		/*
150 		 * No partition with BOOTME flag was found, try to boot from
151 		 * first UFS partition.
152 		 */
153 		for (curent = 0; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
154 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
155 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof(uuid_t)) != 0)
156 				continue;
157 			/* Ok, found one. */
158 			goto found;
159 		}
160 	}
161 	return (-1);
162 found:
163 	dskp->part = curent + 1;
164 	ent = &gpttable[curent];
165 	dskp->start = ent->ent_lba_start;
166 	if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
167 		/*
168 		 * Clear BOOTME, but leave BOOTONCE set before trying to
169 		 * boot from this partition.
170 		 */
171 		if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
172 			table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
173 			gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
174 		}
175 		if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
176 			table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
177 			gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
178 		}
179 	}
180 	return (0);
181 }
182 
183 static int
184 gptread_hdr(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
185     uint64_t hdrlba)
186 {
187 	uint32_t crc;
188 
189 	if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, hdrlba, 1)) {
190 		printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
191 		return (-1);
192 	}
193 	bcopy(secbuf, hdr, sizeof(*hdr));
194 	if (bcmp(hdr->hdr_sig, GPT_HDR_SIG, sizeof(hdr->hdr_sig)) != 0 ||
195 	    hdr->hdr_lba_self != hdrlba || hdr->hdr_revision < 0x00010000 ||
196 	    hdr->hdr_entsz < sizeof(struct gpt_ent) ||
197 	    hdr->hdr_entries > MAXTBLENTS || DEV_BSIZE % hdr->hdr_entsz != 0) {
198 		printf("%s: invalid %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
199 		return (-1);
200 	}
201 	crc = hdr->hdr_crc_self;
202 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
203 	if (crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, (const Bytef *)hdr, hdr->hdr_size) !=
204 	    crc) {
205 		printf("%s: %s GPT header checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG,
206 		    which);
207 		return (-1);
208 	}
209 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc;
210 	return (0);
211 }
212 
213 void
214 gptbootfailed(struct dsk *dskp)
215 {
216 
217 	if (!(gpttable[curent].ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
218 		return;
219 
220 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
221 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
222 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
223 		gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
224 	}
225 	if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
226 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
227 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
228 		gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
229 	}
230 }
231 
232 static void
233 gptbootconv(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
234     struct gpt_ent *table)
235 {
236 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
237 	daddr_t slba;
238 	int table_updated, sector_updated;
239 	int entries_per_sec, nent, part;
240 
241 	table_updated = 0;
242 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
243 	for (nent = 0, slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
244 	     slba < hdr->hdr_lba_table + hdr->hdr_entries / entries_per_sec;
245 	     slba++, nent += entries_per_sec) {
246 		sector_updated = 0;
247 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++) {
248 			ent = &table[nent + part];
249 			if ((ent->ent_attr & (GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME |
250 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE |
251 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED)) !=
252 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
253 				continue;
254 			}
255 			ent->ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
256 			ent->ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
257 			table_updated = 1;
258 			sector_updated = 1;
259 		}
260 		if (!sector_updated)
261 			continue;
262 		bcopy(&table[nent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
263 		if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
264 			printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
265 			    BOOTPROG, which);
266 		}
267 	}
268 	if (!table_updated)
269 		return;
270 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
271 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_table, (const Bytef *)table,
272 	    hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
273 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
274 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, (const Bytef *)hdr,
275 	    hdr->hdr_size);
276 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
277 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
278 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1))
279 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
280 }
281 
282 static int
283 gptread_table(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
284     struct gpt_ent *table)
285 {
286 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
287 	int entries_per_sec;
288 	int part, nent;
289 	daddr_t slba;
290 
291 	if (hdr->hdr_entries == 0)
292 		return (0);
293 
294 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
295 	slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
296 	nent = 0;
297 	for (;;) {
298 		if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
299 			printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT partition table\n",
300 			    BOOTPROG, which);
301 			return (-1);
302 		}
303 		ent = (struct gpt_ent *)secbuf;
304 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++, ent++) {
305 			bcopy(ent, &table[nent], sizeof(table[nent]));
306 			if (++nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
307 				break;
308 		}
309 		if (nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
310 			break;
311 		slba++;
312 	}
313 	if (crc32(0, (const Bytef *)table, nent * hdr->hdr_entsz) !=
314 	    hdr->hdr_crc_table) {
315 		printf("%s: %s GPT table checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG, which);
316 		return (-1);
317 	}
318 	return (0);
319 }
320 
321 int
322 gptread(struct dsk *dskp, char *buf)
323 {
324 	uint64_t altlba;
325 
326 	/*
327 	 * Read and verify both GPT headers: primary and backup.
328 	 */
329 
330 	secbuf = buf;
331 	hdr_primary_lba = hdr_backup_lba = 0;
332 	curent = -1;
333 	bootonce = 1;
334 	dskp->start = 0;
335 
336 	if (gptread_hdr("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, 1) == 0 &&
337 	    gptread_table("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary) == 0) {
338 		hdr_primary_lba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_self;
339 		gpthdr = &hdr_primary;
340 		gpttable = table_primary;
341 	}
342 
343 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
344 		/*
345 		 * If primary header is valid, we can get backup
346 		 * header location from there.
347 		 */
348 		altlba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_alt;
349 	} else {
350 		altlba = drvsize(dskp);
351 		if (altlba > 0)
352 			altlba--;
353 	}
354 	if (altlba == 0)
355 		printf("%s: unable to locate backup GPT header\n", BOOTPROG);
356 	else if (gptread_hdr("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, altlba) == 0 &&
357 	    gptread_table("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup) == 0) {
358 		hdr_backup_lba = hdr_backup.hdr_lba_self;
359 		if (hdr_primary_lba == 0) {
360 			gpthdr = &hdr_backup;
361 			gpttable = table_backup;
362 			printf("%s: using backup GPT\n", BOOTPROG);
363 		}
364 	}
365 
366 	/*
367 	 * Convert all BOOTONCE without BOOTME flags into BOOTFAILED.
368 	 * BOOTONCE without BOOTME means that we tried to boot from it,
369 	 * but failed after leaving gptboot and machine was rebooted.
370 	 * We don't want to leave partitions marked as BOOTONCE only,
371 	 * because when we boot successfully start-up scripts should
372 	 * find at most one partition with only BOOTONCE flag and this
373 	 * will mean that we booted from that partition.
374 	 */
375 	if (hdr_primary_lba != 0)
376 		gptbootconv("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
377 	if (hdr_backup_lba != 0)
378 		gptbootconv("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
379 
380 	if (hdr_primary_lba == 0 && hdr_backup_lba == 0)
381 		return (-1);
382 	return (0);
383 }
384