xref: /freebsd/stand/common/interp_forth.c (revision 98fc0505155575df4170c863107153df2a751a13)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Michael Smith <msmith@freebsd.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
29 
30 #include <sys/param.h>		/* to pick up __FreeBSD_version */
31 #include <string.h>
32 #include <stand.h>
33 #include "bootstrap.h"
34 #include "ficl.h"
35 
36 extern unsigned bootprog_rev;
37 INTERP_DEFINE("4th");
38 
39 /* #define BFORTH_DEBUG */
40 
41 #ifdef BFORTH_DEBUG
42 #define	DEBUG(fmt, args...)	printf("%s: " fmt "\n" , __func__ , ## args)
43 #else
44 #define	DEBUG(fmt, args...)
45 #endif
46 
47 /*
48  * Eventually, all builtin commands throw codes must be defined
49  * elsewhere, possibly bootstrap.h. For now, just this code, used
50  * just in this file, it is getting defined.
51  */
52 #define BF_PARSE 100
53 
54 /*
55  * FreeBSD loader default dictionary cells
56  */
57 #ifndef	BF_DICTSIZE
58 #define	BF_DICTSIZE	10000
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62  * BootForth   Interface to Ficl Forth interpreter.
63  */
64 
65 FICL_SYSTEM *bf_sys;
66 FICL_VM	*bf_vm;
67 
68 /*
69  * Shim for taking commands from BF and passing them out to 'standard'
70  * argv/argc command functions.
71  */
72 static void
73 bf_command(FICL_VM *vm)
74 {
75 	char			*name, *line, *tail, *cp;
76 	size_t			len;
77 	struct bootblk_command	**cmdp;
78 	bootblk_cmd_t		*cmd;
79 	int			nstrings, i;
80 	int			argc, result;
81 	char			**argv;
82 
83 	/* Get the name of the current word */
84 	name = vm->runningWord->name;
85 
86 	/* Find our command structure */
87 	cmd = NULL;
88 	SET_FOREACH(cmdp, Xcommand_set) {
89 		if (((*cmdp)->c_name != NULL) && !strcmp(name, (*cmdp)->c_name))
90 			cmd = (*cmdp)->c_fn;
91 	}
92 	if (cmd == NULL)
93 		panic("callout for unknown command '%s'", name);
94 
95 	/* Check whether we have been compiled or are being interpreted */
96 	if (stackPopINT(vm->pStack)) {
97 		/*
98 		 * Get parameters from stack, in the format:
99 		 * an un ... a2 u2 a1 u1 n --
100 		 * Where n is the number of strings, a/u are pairs of
101 		 * address/size for strings, and they will be concatenated
102 		 * in LIFO order.
103 		 */
104 		nstrings = stackPopINT(vm->pStack);
105 		for (i = 0, len = 0; i < nstrings; i++)
106 			len += stackFetch(vm->pStack, i * 2).i + 1;
107 		line = malloc(strlen(name) + len + 1);
108 		strcpy(line, name);
109 
110 		if (nstrings)
111 			for (i = 0; i < nstrings; i++) {
112 				len = stackPopINT(vm->pStack);
113 				cp = stackPopPtr(vm->pStack);
114 				strcat(line, " ");
115 				strncat(line, cp, len);
116 			}
117 	} else {
118 		/* Get remainder of invocation */
119 		tail = vmGetInBuf(vm);
120 		for (cp = tail, len = 0; cp != vm->tib.end && *cp != 0 && *cp != '\n'; cp++, len++)
121 			;
122 
123 		line = malloc(strlen(name) + len + 2);
124 		strcpy(line, name);
125 		if (len > 0) {
126 			strcat(line, " ");
127 			strncat(line, tail, len);
128 			vmUpdateTib(vm, tail + len);
129 		}
130 	}
131 	DEBUG("cmd '%s'", line);
132 
133 	command_errmsg = command_errbuf;
134 	command_errbuf[0] = 0;
135 	if (!parse(&argc, &argv, line)) {
136 		result = (cmd)(argc, argv);
137 		free(argv);
138 	} else {
139 		result=BF_PARSE;
140 	}
141 
142 	switch (result) {
143 	case CMD_CRIT:
144 		printf("%s\n", command_errmsg);
145 		break;
146 	case CMD_FATAL:
147 		panic("%s\n", command_errmsg);
148 	}
149 
150 	free(line);
151 	/*
152 	 * If there was error during nested ficlExec(), we may no longer have
153 	 * valid environment to return.  Throw all exceptions from here.
154 	 */
155 	if (result != CMD_OK)
156 		vmThrow(vm, result);
157 
158 	/* This is going to be thrown!!! */
159 	stackPushINT(vm->pStack,result);
160 }
161 
162 /*
163  * Replace a word definition (a builtin command) with another
164  * one that:
165  *
166  *        - Throw error results instead of returning them on the stack
167  *        - Pass a flag indicating whether the word was compiled or is
168  *          being interpreted.
169  *
170  * There is one major problem with builtins that cannot be overcome
171  * in anyway, except by outlawing it. We want builtins to behave
172  * differently depending on whether they have been compiled or they
173  * are being interpreted. Notice that this is *not* the interpreter's
174  * current state. For example:
175  *
176  * : example ls ; immediate
177  * : problem example ;		\ "ls" gets executed while compiling
178  * example			\ "ls" gets executed while interpreting
179  *
180  * Notice that, though the current state is different in the two
181  * invocations of "example", in both cases "ls" has been
182  * *compiled in*, which is what we really want.
183  *
184  * The problem arises when you tick the builtin. For example:
185  *
186  * : example-1 ['] ls postpone literal ; immediate
187  * : example-2 example-1 execute ; immediate
188  * : problem example-2 ;
189  * example-2
190  *
191  * We have no way, when we get EXECUTEd, of knowing what our behavior
192  * should be. Thus, our only alternative is to "outlaw" this. See RFI
193  * 0007, and ANS Forth Standard's appendix D, item 6.7 for a related
194  * problem, concerning compile semantics.
195  *
196  * The problem is compounded by the fact that "' builtin CATCH" is valid
197  * and desirable. The only solution is to create an intermediary word.
198  * For example:
199  *
200  * : my-ls ls ;
201  * : example ['] my-ls catch ;
202  *
203  * So, with the below implementation, here is a summary of the behavior
204  * of builtins:
205  *
206  * ls -l				\ "interpret" behavior, ie,
207  *					\ takes parameters from TIB
208  * : ex-1 s" -l" 1 ls ;			\ "compile" behavior, ie,
209  *					\ takes parameters from the stack
210  * : ex-2 ['] ls catch ; immediate	\ undefined behavior
211  * : ex-3 ['] ls catch ;		\ undefined behavior
212  * ex-2 ex-3				\ "interpret" behavior,
213  *					\ catch works
214  * : ex-4 ex-2 ;			\ "compile" behavior,
215  *					\ catch does not work
216  * : ex-5 ex-3 ; immediate		\ same as ex-2
217  * : ex-6 ex-3 ;			\ same as ex-3
218  * : ex-7 ['] ex-1 catch ;		\ "compile" behavior,
219  *					\ catch works
220  * : ex-8 postpone ls ;	immediate	\ same as ex-2
221  * : ex-9 postpone ls ;			\ same as ex-3
222  *
223  * As the definition below is particularly tricky, and it's side effects
224  * must be well understood by those playing with it, I'll be heavy on
225  * the comments.
226  *
227  * (if you edit this definition, pay attention to trailing spaces after
228  *  each word -- I warned you! :-) )
229  */
230 #define BUILTIN_CONSTRUCTOR						\
231 	": builtin: "							\
232 	">in @ "		/* save the tib index pointer */	\
233 	"' "			/* get next word's xt */		\
234 	"swap >in ! "		/* point again to next word */		\
235 	"create "		/* create a new definition of the next word */ \
236 	", "			/* save previous definition's xt */	\
237 	"immediate "		/* make the new definition an immediate word */ \
238 									\
239 	"does> "		/* Now, the *new* definition will: */	\
240 	"state @ if "		/* if in compiling state: */		\
241 	"1 postpone literal "	/* pass 1 flag to indicate compile */	\
242 	"@ compile, "		/* compile in previous definition */	\
243 	"postpone throw "		/* throw stack-returned result */ \
244 	"else "		/* if in interpreting state: */			\
245 	"0 swap "			/* pass 0 flag to indicate interpret */ \
246 	"@ execute "		/* call previous definition */		\
247 	"throw "			/* throw stack-returned result */ \
248 	"then ; "
249 
250 /*
251  * Initialise the Forth interpreter, create all our commands as words.
252  */
253 void
254 bf_init(void)
255 {
256 	struct bootblk_command	**cmdp;
257 	char create_buf[41];	/* 31 characters-long builtins */
258 	int fd;
259 
260 	bf_sys = ficlInitSystem(BF_DICTSIZE);
261 	bf_vm = ficlNewVM(bf_sys);
262 
263 	/* Put all private definitions in a "builtins" vocabulary */
264 	ficlExec(bf_vm, "vocabulary builtins also builtins definitions");
265 
266 	/* Builtin constructor word  */
267 	ficlExec(bf_vm, BUILTIN_CONSTRUCTOR);
268 
269 	/* make all commands appear as Forth words */
270 	SET_FOREACH(cmdp, Xcommand_set) {
271 		ficlBuild(bf_sys, (char *)(*cmdp)->c_name, bf_command, FW_DEFAULT);
272 		ficlExec(bf_vm, "forth definitions builtins");
273 		sprintf(create_buf, "builtin: %s", (*cmdp)->c_name);
274 		ficlExec(bf_vm, create_buf);
275 		ficlExec(bf_vm, "builtins definitions");
276 	}
277 	ficlExec(bf_vm, "only forth definitions");
278 
279 	/* Export some version numbers so that code can detect the loader/host version */
280 	ficlSetEnv(bf_sys, "FreeBSD_version", __FreeBSD_version);
281 	ficlSetEnv(bf_sys, "loader_version", bootprog_rev);
282 
283 	/* try to load and run init file if present */
284 	if ((fd = open("/boot/boot.4th", O_RDONLY)) != -1) {
285 		(void)ficlExecFD(bf_vm, fd);
286 		close(fd);
287 	}
288 }
289 
290 /*
291  * Feed a line of user input to the Forth interpreter
292  */
293 static int
294 bf_run(const char *line)
295 {
296 	int		result;
297 
298 	/*
299 	 * ficl would require extensive changes to accept a const char *
300 	 * interface. Instead, cast it away here and hope for the best.
301 	 * We know at the present time the caller for us in the boot
302 	 * forth loader can tolerate the string being modified because
303 	 * the string is passed in here and then not touched again.
304 	 */
305 	result = ficlExec(bf_vm, __DECONST(char *, line));
306 
307 	DEBUG("ficlExec '%s' = %d", line, result);
308 	switch (result) {
309 	case VM_OUTOFTEXT:
310 	case VM_ABORTQ:
311 	case VM_QUIT:
312 	case VM_ERREXIT:
313 		break;
314 	case VM_USEREXIT:
315 		printf("No where to leave to!\n");
316 		break;
317 	case VM_ABORT:
318 		printf("Aborted!\n");
319 		break;
320 	case BF_PARSE:
321 		printf("Parse error!\n");
322 		break;
323 	default:
324 		if (command_errmsg != NULL) {
325 			printf("%s\n", command_errmsg);
326 			command_errmsg = NULL;
327 		}
328 	}
329 
330 	if (result == VM_USEREXIT)
331 		panic("interpreter exit");
332 	setenv("interpret", bf_vm->state ? "" : "OK", 1);
333 
334 	return (result);
335 }
336 
337 void
338 interp_init(void)
339 {
340 
341 	setenv("script.lang", "forth", 1);
342 	bf_init();
343 	/* Read our default configuration. */
344 	interp_include("/boot/loader.rc");
345 }
346 
347 int
348 interp_run(const char *input)
349 {
350 
351 	bf_vm->sourceID.i = 0;
352 	return bf_run(input);
353 }
354 
355 /*
356  * Header prepended to each line. The text immediately follows the header.
357  * We try to make this short in order to save memory -- the loader has
358  * limited memory available, and some of the forth files are very long.
359  */
360 struct includeline
361 {
362 	struct includeline	*next;
363 	char			text[0];
364 };
365 
366 int
367 interp_include(const char *filename)
368 {
369 	struct includeline	*script, *se, *sp;
370 	char			input[256];			/* big enough? */
371 	int			res;
372 	char			*cp;
373 	int			prevsrcid, fd, line;
374 
375 	if (((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1)) {
376 		snprintf(command_errbuf, sizeof(command_errbuf),
377 		    "can't open '%s': %s", filename, strerror(errno));
378 		return(CMD_ERROR);
379 	}
380 
381 	/*
382 	 * Read the script into memory.
383 	 */
384 	script = se = NULL;
385 	line = 0;
386 
387 	while (fgetstr(input, sizeof(input), fd) >= 0) {
388 		line++;
389 		cp = input;
390 		/* Allocate script line structure and copy line, flags */
391 		if (*cp == '\0')
392 			continue;	/* ignore empty line, save memory */
393 		sp = malloc(sizeof(struct includeline) + strlen(cp) + 1);
394 		/* On malloc failure (it happens!), free as much as possible and exit */
395 		if (sp == NULL) {
396 			while (script != NULL) {
397 				se = script;
398 				script = script->next;
399 				free(se);
400 			}
401 			snprintf(command_errbuf, sizeof(command_errbuf),
402 			    "file '%s' line %d: memory allocation failure - aborting",
403 			    filename, line);
404 			close(fd);
405 			return (CMD_ERROR);
406 		}
407 		strcpy(sp->text, cp);
408 		sp->next = NULL;
409 
410 		if (script == NULL) {
411 			script = sp;
412 		} else {
413 			se->next = sp;
414 		}
415 		se = sp;
416 	}
417 	close(fd);
418 
419 	/*
420 	 * Execute the script
421 	 */
422 	prevsrcid = bf_vm->sourceID.i;
423 	bf_vm->sourceID.i = fd;
424 	res = CMD_OK;
425 	for (sp = script; sp != NULL; sp = sp->next) {
426 		res = bf_run(sp->text);
427 		if (res != VM_OUTOFTEXT) {
428 			snprintf(command_errbuf, sizeof(command_errbuf),
429 			    "Error while including %s, in the line:\n%s",
430 			    filename, sp->text);
431 			res = CMD_ERROR;
432 			break;
433 		} else
434 			res = CMD_OK;
435 	}
436 	bf_vm->sourceID.i = prevsrcid;
437 
438 	while (script != NULL) {
439 		se = script;
440 		script = script->next;
441 		free(se);
442 	}
443 	return(res);
444 }
445