xref: /freebsd/stand/common/interp_forth.c (revision 5e53a4f90f82c4345f277dd87cc9292f26e04a29)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Michael Smith <msmith@freebsd.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
29 
30 #include <sys/param.h>		/* to pick up __FreeBSD_version */
31 #include <string.h>
32 #include <stand.h>
33 #include "bootstrap.h"
34 #include "ficl.h"
35 
36 extern unsigned bootprog_rev;
37 
38 /* #define BFORTH_DEBUG */
39 
40 #ifdef BFORTH_DEBUG
41 #define	DEBUG(fmt, args...)	printf("%s: " fmt "\n" , __func__ , ## args)
42 #else
43 #define	DEBUG(fmt, args...)
44 #endif
45 
46 /*
47  * Eventually, all builtin commands throw codes must be defined
48  * elsewhere, possibly bootstrap.h. For now, just this code, used
49  * just in this file, it is getting defined.
50  */
51 #define BF_PARSE 100
52 
53 /*
54  * FreeBSD loader default dictionary cells
55  */
56 #ifndef	BF_DICTSIZE
57 #define	BF_DICTSIZE	10000
58 #endif
59 
60 /*
61  * BootForth   Interface to Ficl Forth interpreter.
62  */
63 
64 FICL_SYSTEM *bf_sys;
65 FICL_VM	*bf_vm;
66 
67 /*
68  * Shim for taking commands from BF and passing them out to 'standard'
69  * argv/argc command functions.
70  */
71 static void
72 bf_command(FICL_VM *vm)
73 {
74     char			*name, *line, *tail, *cp;
75     size_t			len;
76     struct bootblk_command	**cmdp;
77     bootblk_cmd_t		*cmd;
78     int				nstrings, i;
79     int				argc, result;
80     char			**argv;
81 
82     /* Get the name of the current word */
83     name = vm->runningWord->name;
84 
85     /* Find our command structure */
86     cmd = NULL;
87     SET_FOREACH(cmdp, Xcommand_set) {
88 	if (((*cmdp)->c_name != NULL) && !strcmp(name, (*cmdp)->c_name))
89 	    cmd = (*cmdp)->c_fn;
90     }
91     if (cmd == NULL)
92 	panic("callout for unknown command '%s'", name);
93 
94     /* Check whether we have been compiled or are being interpreted */
95     if (stackPopINT(vm->pStack)) {
96 	/*
97 	 * Get parameters from stack, in the format:
98 	 * an un ... a2 u2 a1 u1 n --
99 	 * Where n is the number of strings, a/u are pairs of
100 	 * address/size for strings, and they will be concatenated
101 	 * in LIFO order.
102 	 */
103 	nstrings = stackPopINT(vm->pStack);
104 	for (i = 0, len = 0; i < nstrings; i++)
105 	    len += stackFetch(vm->pStack, i * 2).i + 1;
106 	line = malloc(strlen(name) + len + 1);
107 	strcpy(line, name);
108 
109 	if (nstrings)
110 	    for (i = 0; i < nstrings; i++) {
111 		len = stackPopINT(vm->pStack);
112 		cp = stackPopPtr(vm->pStack);
113 		strcat(line, " ");
114 		strncat(line, cp, len);
115 	    }
116     } else {
117 	/* Get remainder of invocation */
118 	tail = vmGetInBuf(vm);
119 	for (cp = tail, len = 0; cp != vm->tib.end && *cp != 0 && *cp != '\n'; cp++, len++)
120 	    ;
121 
122 	line = malloc(strlen(name) + len + 2);
123 	strcpy(line, name);
124 	if (len > 0) {
125 	    strcat(line, " ");
126 	    strncat(line, tail, len);
127 	    vmUpdateTib(vm, tail + len);
128 	}
129     }
130     DEBUG("cmd '%s'", line);
131 
132     command_errmsg = command_errbuf;
133     command_errbuf[0] = 0;
134     if (!parse(&argc, &argv, line)) {
135 	result = (cmd)(argc, argv);
136 	free(argv);
137     } else {
138 	result=BF_PARSE;
139     }
140 
141     switch (result) {
142     case CMD_CRIT:
143 	printf("%s\n", command_errmsg);
144 	break;
145     case CMD_FATAL:
146 	panic("%s\n", command_errmsg);
147     }
148 
149     free(line);
150     /*
151      * If there was error during nested ficlExec(), we may no longer have
152      * valid environment to return.  Throw all exceptions from here.
153      */
154     if (result != CMD_OK)
155 	vmThrow(vm, result);
156 
157     /* This is going to be thrown!!! */
158     stackPushINT(vm->pStack,result);
159 }
160 
161 /*
162  * Replace a word definition (a builtin command) with another
163  * one that:
164  *
165  *        - Throw error results instead of returning them on the stack
166  *        - Pass a flag indicating whether the word was compiled or is
167  *          being interpreted.
168  *
169  * There is one major problem with builtins that cannot be overcome
170  * in anyway, except by outlawing it. We want builtins to behave
171  * differently depending on whether they have been compiled or they
172  * are being interpreted. Notice that this is *not* the interpreter's
173  * current state. For example:
174  *
175  * : example ls ; immediate
176  * : problem example ;		\ "ls" gets executed while compiling
177  * example			\ "ls" gets executed while interpreting
178  *
179  * Notice that, though the current state is different in the two
180  * invocations of "example", in both cases "ls" has been
181  * *compiled in*, which is what we really want.
182  *
183  * The problem arises when you tick the builtin. For example:
184  *
185  * : example-1 ['] ls postpone literal ; immediate
186  * : example-2 example-1 execute ; immediate
187  * : problem example-2 ;
188  * example-2
189  *
190  * We have no way, when we get EXECUTEd, of knowing what our behavior
191  * should be. Thus, our only alternative is to "outlaw" this. See RFI
192  * 0007, and ANS Forth Standard's appendix D, item 6.7 for a related
193  * problem, concerning compile semantics.
194  *
195  * The problem is compounded by the fact that "' builtin CATCH" is valid
196  * and desirable. The only solution is to create an intermediary word.
197  * For example:
198  *
199  * : my-ls ls ;
200  * : example ['] my-ls catch ;
201  *
202  * So, with the below implementation, here is a summary of the behavior
203  * of builtins:
204  *
205  * ls -l				\ "interpret" behavior, ie,
206  *					\ takes parameters from TIB
207  * : ex-1 s" -l" 1 ls ;			\ "compile" behavior, ie,
208  *					\ takes parameters from the stack
209  * : ex-2 ['] ls catch ; immediate	\ undefined behavior
210  * : ex-3 ['] ls catch ;		\ undefined behavior
211  * ex-2 ex-3				\ "interpret" behavior,
212  *					\ catch works
213  * : ex-4 ex-2 ;			\ "compile" behavior,
214  *					\ catch does not work
215  * : ex-5 ex-3 ; immediate		\ same as ex-2
216  * : ex-6 ex-3 ;			\ same as ex-3
217  * : ex-7 ['] ex-1 catch ;		\ "compile" behavior,
218  *					\ catch works
219  * : ex-8 postpone ls ;	immediate	\ same as ex-2
220  * : ex-9 postpone ls ;			\ same as ex-3
221  *
222  * As the definition below is particularly tricky, and it's side effects
223  * must be well understood by those playing with it, I'll be heavy on
224  * the comments.
225  *
226  * (if you edit this definition, pay attention to trailing spaces after
227  *  each word -- I warned you! :-) )
228  */
229 #define BUILTIN_CONSTRUCTOR \
230 ": builtin: "		\
231   ">in @ "		/* save the tib index pointer */ \
232   "' "			/* get next word's xt */ \
233   "swap >in ! "		/* point again to next word */ \
234   "create "		/* create a new definition of the next word */ \
235   ", "			/* save previous definition's xt */ \
236   "immediate "		/* make the new definition an immediate word */ \
237 			\
238   "does> "		/* Now, the *new* definition will: */ \
239   "state @ if "		/* if in compiling state: */ \
240     "1 postpone literal "	/* pass 1 flag to indicate compile */ \
241     "@ compile, "		/* compile in previous definition */ \
242     "postpone throw "		/* throw stack-returned result */ \
243   "else "		/* if in interpreting state: */ \
244     "0 swap "			/* pass 0 flag to indicate interpret */ \
245     "@ execute "		/* call previous definition */ \
246     "throw "			/* throw stack-returned result */ \
247   "then ; "
248 
249 /*
250  * Initialise the Forth interpreter, create all our commands as words.
251  */
252 void
253 bf_init(const char *rc)
254 {
255     struct bootblk_command	**cmdp;
256     char create_buf[41];	/* 31 characters-long builtins */
257     int fd;
258 
259     bf_sys = ficlInitSystem(BF_DICTSIZE);
260     bf_vm = ficlNewVM(bf_sys);
261 
262     /* Put all private definitions in a "builtins" vocabulary */
263     ficlExec(bf_vm, "vocabulary builtins also builtins definitions");
264 
265     /* Builtin constructor word  */
266     ficlExec(bf_vm, BUILTIN_CONSTRUCTOR);
267 
268     /* make all commands appear as Forth words */
269     SET_FOREACH(cmdp, Xcommand_set) {
270 	ficlBuild(bf_sys, (char *)(*cmdp)->c_name, bf_command, FW_DEFAULT);
271 	ficlExec(bf_vm, "forth definitions builtins");
272 	sprintf(create_buf, "builtin: %s", (*cmdp)->c_name);
273 	ficlExec(bf_vm, create_buf);
274 	ficlExec(bf_vm, "builtins definitions");
275     }
276     ficlExec(bf_vm, "only forth definitions");
277 
278     /* Export some version numbers so that code can detect the loader/host version */
279     ficlSetEnv(bf_sys, "FreeBSD_version", __FreeBSD_version);
280     ficlSetEnv(bf_sys, "loader_version", bootprog_rev);
281 
282     /* try to load and run init file if present */
283     if (rc == NULL)
284 	rc = "/boot/boot.4th";
285     if (*rc != '\0') {
286 	fd = open(rc, O_RDONLY);
287 	if (fd != -1) {
288 	    (void)ficlExecFD(bf_vm, fd);
289 	    close(fd);
290 	}
291     }
292 }
293 
294 /*
295  * Feed a line of user input to the Forth interpreter
296  */
297 int
298 bf_run(char *line)
299 {
300     int		result;
301 
302     result = ficlExec(bf_vm, line);
303 
304     DEBUG("ficlExec '%s' = %d", line, result);
305     switch (result) {
306     case VM_OUTOFTEXT:
307     case VM_ABORTQ:
308     case VM_QUIT:
309     case VM_ERREXIT:
310 	break;
311     case VM_USEREXIT:
312 	printf("No where to leave to!\n");
313 	break;
314     case VM_ABORT:
315 	printf("Aborted!\n");
316 	break;
317     case BF_PARSE:
318 	printf("Parse error!\n");
319 	break;
320     default:
321 	if (command_errmsg != NULL) {
322 	    printf("%s\n", command_errmsg);
323 	    command_errmsg = NULL;
324 	}
325     }
326 
327     if (result == VM_USEREXIT)
328 	panic("interpreter exit");
329     setenv("interpret", bf_vm->state ? "" : "OK", 1);
330 
331     return (result);
332 }
333