xref: /freebsd/share/man/man9/swi.9 (revision 96b76a6a1edd6d0e0d4fa07c37d11d5805e8b8b3)

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.Dd July 25, 2020
.Dt SWI 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm swi_add ,
.Nm swi_remove ,
.Nm swi_sched
.Nd register and schedule software interrupt handlers
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h
.In sys/bus.h
.In sys/interrupt.h
.Vt "extern struct intr_event *tty_intr_event" ;
.Vt "extern struct intr_event *clk_intr_event" ;
.Ft int
.Fo swi_add
.Fa "struct intr_event **eventp"
.Fa "const char *name"
.Fa "driver_intr_t handler"
.Fa "void *arg"
.Fa "int pri"
.Fa "enum intr_type flags"
.Fa "void **cookiep"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fn swi_remove "void *cookie"
.Ft void
.Fn swi_sched "void *cookie" "int flags"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
These functions are used to register and schedule software interrupt handlers.
Software interrupt handlers are attached to a software interrupt thread, just
as hardware interrupt handlers are attached to a hardware interrupt thread.
Multiple handlers can be attached to the same thread.
Software interrupt handlers can be used to queue up less critical processing
inside of hardware interrupt handlers so that the work can be done at a later
time.
Software interrupt threads are different from other kernel threads in that they
are treated as an interrupt thread.
This means that time spent executing these threads is counted as interrupt
time, and that they can be run via a lightweight context switch.
.Pp
The
.Fn swi_add
function is used to add a new software interrupt handler to a specified
interrupt event.
The
.Fa eventp
argument is an optional pointer to a
.Vt struct intr_event
pointer.
If this argument points to an existing event that holds a list of
interrupt handlers, then this handler will be attached to that event.
Otherwise a new event will be created, and if
.Fa eventp
is not
.Dv NULL ,
then the pointer at that address to will be modified to point to the
newly created event.
The
.Fa name
argument is used to associate a name with a specific handler.
This name is appended to the name of the software interrupt thread that this
handler is attached to.
The
.Fa handler
argument is the function that will be executed when the handler is scheduled
to run.
The
.Fa arg
parameter will be passed in as the only parameter to
.Fa handler
when the function is executed.
The
.Fa pri
value specifies the priority of this interrupt handler relative to other
software interrupt handlers.
If an interrupt event is created, then this value is used as the vector,
and the
.Fa flags
argument is used to specify the attributes of a handler such as
.Dv INTR_MPSAFE .
The
.Fa cookiep
argument points to a
.Vt void *
cookie.
This cookie will be set to a value that uniquely identifies this handler,
and is used to schedule the handler for execution later on.
.Pp
The
.Fn swi_remove
function is used to teardown an interrupt handler pointed to by the
.Fa cookie
argument.
It detaches the interrupt handler from the associated interrupt event
and frees its memory.
.Pp
The
.Fn swi_sched
function is used to schedule an interrupt handler and its associated thread to
run.
The
.Fa cookie
argument specifies which software interrupt handler should be scheduled to run.
The
.Fa flags
argument specifies how and when the handler should be run and is a mask of one
or more of the following flags:
.Bl -tag -width SWI_FROMNMI
.It Dv SWI_DELAY
Specifies that the kernel should mark the specified handler as needing to run,
but the kernel should not schedule the software interrupt thread to run.
Instead,
.Fa handler
will be executed the next time that the software interrupt thread runs after
being scheduled by another event.
.It Dv SWI_FROMNMI
Specifies that
.Fn swi_sched
is called from NMI context and should be careful about used KPIs.
On platforms allowing IPI sending from NMI context it immediately wakes
.Va clk_intr_event
via the IPI, otherwise it works just like SWI_DELAY.
.El
.Pp
The
.Va tty_intr_event
and
.Va clk_intr_event
variables contain pointers to the software interrupt handlers for the tty and
clock software interrupts, respectively.
.Va tty_intr_event
is used to hang tty software interrupt handlers off of the same thread.
.Va clk_intr_event
is used to hang delayed handlers off of the clock interrupt, and is invoked
directly by
.Xr hardclock 9 .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn swi_add
and
.Fn swi_remove
functions return zero on success and non-zero on failure.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn swi_add
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EAGAIN
The system-imposed limit on the total
number of processes under execution would be exceeded.
The limit is given by the
.Xr sysctl 3
MIB variable
.Dv KERN_MAXPROC .
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa flags
argument specifies
.Dv INTR_ENTROPY .
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa eventp
argument points to a hardware interrupt thread.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Either of the
.Fa name
or
.Fa handler
arguments are
.Dv NULL .
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Dv INTR_EXCL
flag is specified and the interrupt event pointed to by
.Fa eventp
already has at least one handler, or the interrupt event already has an
exclusive handler.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn swi_remove
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
A software interrupt handler pointed to by
.Fa cookie
is
.Dv NULL .
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr hardclock 9 ,
.Xr ithread 9 ,
.Xr taskqueue 9
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn swi_add
and
.Fn swi_sched
functions first appeared in
.Fx 5.0 .
They replaced the
.Fn register_swi
function which appeared in
.Fx 3.0
and the
.Fn setsoft* ,
and
.Fn schedsoft*
functions which date back to at least
.Bx 4.4 .
The
.Fn swi_remove
function first appeared in
.Fx 6.1 .
.Sh BUGS
Most of the global variables described in this manual page should not be
global, or at the very least should not be declared in
.In sys/interrupt.h .