1.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)intro.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd October 22, 2006 32.Dt INTRO 8 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm intro 36.Nd "introduction to system maintenance procedures and commands" 37.Sh DESCRIPTION 38This section contains information related to system operation 39and maintenance. 40.Pp 41It describes commands used to create new file systems 42.Pq Xr newfs 8 , 43verify the integrity of the file systems 44.Pq Xr fsck 8 , 45control disk usage 46.Pq Xr edquota 8 , 47maintain system backups 48.Pq Xr dump 8 , 49and recover files when disks die an untimely death 50.Pq Xr restore 8 . 51.\" The 52.\" .Xr format 8 53.\" manual 54.\" for the specific architecture the system is running on should be 55.\" consulted when formatting disks and tapes. 56Network related services like 57.Xr inetd 8 58and 59.Xr ftpd 8 60are also described. 61.Pp 62All commands set an exit status. 63Its value may be tested 64to see if the command completed normally. 65Unless otherwise noted (rare), the value 0 signifies successful 66completion of the command, while a value >0 indicates an error. 67Some commands attempt to describe the nature of the failure by using 68error codes defined in 69.Xr sysexits 3 , 70or set the status to arbitrary values >0 (typically 1), but many 71such values are not described in the manual. 72.Pp 73A number of pages in this section describe general system 74management topics. 75.Pp 76For example, the 77.Xr boot 8 78manual page describes the system bootstrapping procedures, 79and the 80.Xr diskless 8 81manual page describes how to boot a system over a network. 82The 83.Xr crash 8 84manual page 85should be consulted to understand how to interpret system 86crash dumps. 87.Sh HISTORY 88The 89.Nm 90section manual page appeared in 91.Bx 4.2 . 92