1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 33.\" 34.Dd June 5, 1993 35.Dt HIER 7 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm hier 39.Nd layout of filesystems 40.Sh DESCRIPTION 41A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 42.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 43.It Li / 44root directory of the filesystem 45.It Li /bin/ 46user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 47.It Li /dev/ 48block and character device files 49.Pp 50.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 51.It Li MAKEDEV 52script for creating device files; 53see 54.Xr MAKEDEV 8 55.It Li fd/ 56file descriptor files; 57see 58.Xr \&fd 4 59.El 60.It Li /etc/ 61system configuration files and scripts 62.Pp 63.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 64.It Li localtime 65local timezone information; 66see 67.Xr ctime 3 68.It Li disklabels/ 69backup disklabels; 70see 71.Xr disklabel 8 72.It Li kerberosIV/ 73configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 74see 75.Xr kerberos 1 76.It Li mtree/ 77mtree configuration files; 78see 79.Xr mtree 8 80.It Li namedb/ 81named configuration files; 82see 83.Xr named 8 84.El 85.It Li /mnt/ 86empty directory commonly used by 87system administrators as a temporary mount point 88.It Li /sbin/ 89system programs and administration utilities 90fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 91.It Li /stand/ 92programs used in a standalone environment 93.It Li /tmp/ 94temporary files, usually a 95.Xr mfs 8 96memory-based filesystem (the contents 97of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 98.It Li /usr/ 99contains the majority of user utilities and applications 100.Pp 101.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 102.It Li bin/ 103common utilities, programming tools, and applications 104.It Li games/ 105useful and semi-frivolous programs 106.It Li include/ 107standard C include files 108.Pp 109.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 110.It Li arpa/ 111C include files for Internet service protocols 112.It Li kerberosIV/ 113C include files for kerberos authentication package; 114see 115.Xr kerberos 1 116.It Li machine/ 117machine specific C include files 118.It Li net/ 119misc network C include files 120.\" .It Li netimp/ 121.\" C include files for IMP protocols; 122.\" see 123.\" .Xr imp 4 124.It Li netinet/ 125C include files for Internet standard protocols; 126see 127.Xr inet 4 128.\" .It Li netiso/ 129.\" C include files for ISO standard protocols; 130.\" see 131.\" .Xr iso 4 132.\" .It Li netns/ 133.\" C include files for XNS standard protocols; 134.\" see 135.\" .Xr \&ns 4 136.It Li nfs/ 137C include files for NFS (Network File System) 138.It Li pascal/ 139include files for pc 1 140.It Li protocols/ 141C include files for Berkeley service protocols 142.It Li sys/ 143system C include files (kernel data structures) 144.It Li ufs/ 145C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 146.El 147.Pp 148.It Li lib/ 149archive libraries 150.Pp 151.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 152.It Li uucp/ 153UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 154.El 155.It Li libdata/ 156misc. utility data files 157.It Li libexec/ 158system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 159.It Li local/ 160local executables, libraries, etc. 161.It Li X11R6/ 162X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc. 163.It Li ports 164The FreeBSD ports collection (optional). 165.It Li obj/ 166architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 167.It Li old/ 168programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 169releases 170.It Li sbin/ 171system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 172.It Li share/ 173architecture-independent ascii text files 174.Pp 175.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 176.It Li calendar/ 177a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 178see 179.Xr calendar 1 180.It Li dict/ 181word lists; 182see 183.Xr look 1 184.Pp 185.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 186.It Li words 187common words 188.It Li web2 189words from Webster's 2nd International 190.It Li papers/ 191reference databases; 192see 193.Xr refer 1 194.It Li special/ 195custom word lists; 196see 197.Xr spell 1 198.El 199.Pp 200.It Li doc/ 201misc documentation; 202src for most of the printed 203.Bx BSD 204manuals (available 205from the 206.Tn USENIX 207association) 208.It Li games/ 209ascii text files used by various games 210.It Li man/ 211manual pages 212.It Li me/ 213macros for use with the me macro package 214.It Li misc/ 215misc system-wide ascii text files 216.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 217.It Li termcap 218terminal characteristics database; 219see 220.Xr termcap 5 221.El 222.It Li mk/ 223templates for make; 224see 225.Xr make 1 226.It Li ms/ 227macros for use with the ms macro package 228.It Li skel/ 229example . (dot) files for new accounts 230.It Li tabset/ 231tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 232the termcap file; 233see 234.Xr termcap 5 235.It Li tmac/ 236text processing macros; 237see 238.Xr nroff 1 239and 240.Xr troff 1 241.It Li zoneinfo/ 242timezone configuration information; 243see 244.Xr tzfile 5 245.El 246.Pp 247.It Li src/ 248BSD and/or local source files 249.Pp 250.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 251.It Li bin/ 252src for files in /bin 253.It Li etc/ 254src for files in /etc 255.It Li games/ 256src for files in /usr/games 257.It Li include/ 258src for files in /usr/include 259.It Li kerberosIV/ 260src for kerberos version IV 261.It Li lib/ 262src for files in /usr/lib 263.It Li libexec/ 264src for files in /usr/libexec 265.It Li local/ 266src for files in /usr/local 267.It Li old/ 268src for files in /usr/old 269.It Li sbin/ 270src for files in /sbin 271.It Li share/ 272src for files in /usr/share 273.It Li sys/ 274kernel src files 275.It Li usr.bin/ 276src for files in /usr/bin 277.It Li usr.sbin/ 278src for files in /usr/sbin 279.El 280.El 281.It Li /var/ 282multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 283.Pp 284.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 285.It Li account/ 286system accounting files 287.Pp 288.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 289.It Li acct 290execution accounting file; 291see 292.Xr acct 5 293.El 294.Pp 295.It Li at/ 296timed command scheduling files; 297see 298.Xr \&at 1 299.It Li backups/ 300misc. backup files 301.It Li db/ 302misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 303.It Li games/ 304misc. game status and log files 305.It Li log/ 306misc. system log files 307.Pp 308.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 309.It Li wtmp 310login/logout log; 311see 312.Xr wtmp 5 313.El 314.Pp 315.It Li mail/ 316user mailbox files 317.It Li preserve/ 318temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 319of an editor; 320see 321.Xr \&ex 1 322.It Li quotas/ 323filesystem quota information files 324.It Li run/ 325system information files describing various info about 326system since it was booted 327.Pp 328.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 329.It Li utmp 330database of current users; 331see 332.Xr utmp 5 333.El 334.Pp 335.It Li rwho/ 336rwho data files; 337see 338.Xr rwhod 8 , 339.Xr rwho 1 , 340and 341.Xr ruptime 1 342.It Li spool/ 343misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 344.Pp 345.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 346.It Li ftp/ 347commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 348.It Li mqueue/ 349undelivered mail queue; 350see 351.Xr sendmail 8 352.It Li output/ 353line printer spooling directories 354.It Li secretmail/ 355secretmail spool directory; 356see 357.Xr xget 1 358.It Li uucp/ 359uucp spool directory 360.It Li uucppublic/ 361commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 362.El 363.Pp 364.It Li tmp/ 365temporary files that are kept between system reboots 366.El 367.It Li /kernel 368pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 369at boot time). 370.El 371.Sh SEE ALSO 372.Xr \&ls 1 , 373.Xr apropos 1 , 374.Xr whatis 1 , 375.Xr whereis 1 , 376.Xr finger 1 , 377.Xr which 1 , 378.Xr find 1 , 379.Xr grep 1 , 380.Xr fsck 8 381.Sh HISTORY 382A 383.Nm hier 384manual page appeared in 385.At v7 . 386