1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 33.\" $Id$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 5, 1993 36.Dt HIER 7 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm hier 40.Nd layout of filesystems 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 43.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 44.It Li / 45root directory of the filesystem 46.It Li /bin/ 47user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 48.It Li /dev/ 49block and character device files 50.Pp 51.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 52.It Li MAKEDEV 53script for creating device files; 54see 55.Xr MAKEDEV 8 56.It Li fd/ 57file descriptor files; 58see 59.Xr \&fd 4 60.El 61.It Li /etc/ 62system configuration files and scripts 63.Pp 64.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 65.It Li localtime 66local timezone information; 67see 68.Xr ctime 3 69.It Li disklabels/ 70backup disklabels; 71see 72.Xr disklabel 8 73.It Li kerberosIV/ 74configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 75see 76.Xr kerberos 1 77.It Li mtree/ 78mtree configuration files; 79see 80.Xr mtree 8 81.It Li namedb/ 82named configuration files; 83see 84.Xr named 8 85.El 86.It Li /mnt/ 87empty directory commonly used by 88system administrators as a temporary mount point 89.It Li /sbin/ 90system programs and administration utilities 91fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 92.It Li /stand/ 93programs used in a standalone environment 94.It Li /tmp/ 95temporary files, usually a 96.Xr mfs 8 97memory-based filesystem (the contents 98of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 99.It Li /usr/ 100contains the majority of user utilities and applications 101.Pp 102.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 103.It Li bin/ 104common utilities, programming tools, and applications 105.It Li games/ 106useful and semi-frivolous programs 107.It Li include/ 108standard C include files 109.Pp 110.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 111.It Li arpa/ 112C include files for Internet service protocols 113.It Li kerberosIV/ 114C include files for kerberos authentication package; 115see 116.Xr kerberos 1 117.It Li machine/ 118machine specific C include files 119.It Li net/ 120misc network C include files 121.\" .It Li netimp/ 122.\" C include files for IMP protocols; 123.\" see 124.\" .Xr imp 4 125.It Li netinet/ 126C include files for Internet standard protocols; 127see 128.Xr inet 4 129.\" .It Li netiso/ 130.\" C include files for ISO standard protocols; 131.\" see 132.\" .Xr iso 4 133.\" .It Li netns/ 134.\" C include files for XNS standard protocols; 135.\" see 136.\" .Xr \&ns 4 137.It Li nfs/ 138C include files for NFS (Network File System) 139.It Li pascal/ 140include files for pc 1 141.It Li protocols/ 142C include files for Berkeley service protocols 143.It Li sys/ 144system C include files (kernel data structures) 145.It Li ufs/ 146C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 147.El 148.Pp 149.It Li lib/ 150archive libraries 151.Pp 152.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 153.It Li uucp/ 154UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 155.El 156.It Li libdata/ 157misc. utility data files 158.It Li libexec/ 159system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 160.It Li local/ 161local executables, libraries, etc. 162.br 163Also used as the default destination for the FreeBSD ports framework. 164Within local/, the general layout sketched out by 165.Xr hier 7 166should be used. Exceptions are the man directory is directly under local/ 167rather than under local/share/. Ports documentation is in share/doc/<port>/ 168.It Li X11R6/ 169X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc. 170.It Li ports 171The FreeBSD ports collection (optional). 172.It Li obj/ 173architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 174.It Li old/ 175programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 176releases 177.It Li sbin/ 178system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 179.It Li share/ 180architecture-independent ascii text files 181.Pp 182.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 183.It Li calendar/ 184a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 185see 186.Xr calendar 1 187.It Li dict/ 188word lists; 189see 190.Xr look 1 191.Pp 192.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 193.It Li words 194common words 195.It Li web2 196words from Webster's 2nd International 197.It Li papers/ 198reference databases; 199see 200.Xr refer 1 201.It Li special/ 202custom word lists; 203see 204.Xr spell 1 205.El 206.Pp 207.It Li doc/ 208misc documentation; 209src for most of the printed 210.Bx BSD 211manuals (available 212from the 213.Tn USENIX 214association) 215.It Li games/ 216ascii text files used by various games 217.It Li man/ 218manual pages 219.It Li me/ 220macros for use with the me macro package 221.It Li misc/ 222misc system-wide ascii text files 223.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 224.It Li termcap 225terminal characteristics database; 226see 227.Xr termcap 5 228.El 229.It Li mk/ 230templates for make; 231see 232.Xr make 1 233.It Li ms/ 234macros for use with the ms macro package 235.It Li skel/ 236example . (dot) files for new accounts 237.It Li tabset/ 238tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 239the termcap file; 240see 241.Xr termcap 5 242.It Li tmac/ 243text processing macros; 244see 245.Xr nroff 1 246and 247.Xr troff 1 248.It Li zoneinfo/ 249timezone configuration information; 250see 251.Xr tzfile 5 252.El 253.Pp 254.It Li src/ 255BSD and/or local source files 256.Pp 257.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 258.It Li bin/ 259src for files in /bin 260.It Li etc/ 261src for files in /etc 262.It Li games/ 263src for files in /usr/games 264.It Li include/ 265src for files in /usr/include 266.It Li kerberosIV/ 267src for kerberos version IV 268.It Li lib/ 269src for files in /usr/lib 270.It Li libexec/ 271src for files in /usr/libexec 272.It Li local/ 273src for files in /usr/local 274.It Li old/ 275src for files in /usr/old 276.It Li sbin/ 277src for files in /sbin 278.It Li share/ 279src for files in /usr/share 280.It Li sys/ 281kernel src files 282.It Li usr.bin/ 283src for files in /usr/bin 284.It Li usr.sbin/ 285src for files in /usr/sbin 286.El 287.El 288.It Li /var/ 289multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 290.Pp 291.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 292.It Li account/ 293system accounting files 294.Pp 295.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 296.It Li acct 297execution accounting file; 298see 299.Xr acct 5 300.El 301.Pp 302.It Li at/ 303timed command scheduling files; 304see 305.Xr \&at 1 306.It Li backups/ 307misc. backup files 308.It Li db/ 309misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 310.It Li games/ 311misc. game status and log files 312.It Li log/ 313misc. system log files 314.Pp 315.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 316.It Li wtmp 317login/logout log; 318see 319.Xr wtmp 5 320.El 321.Pp 322.It Li mail/ 323user mailbox files 324.It Li preserve/ 325temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 326of an editor; 327see 328.Xr \&ex 1 329.It Li quotas/ 330filesystem quota information files 331.It Li run/ 332system information files describing various info about 333system since it was booted 334.Pp 335.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 336.It Li utmp 337database of current users; 338see 339.Xr utmp 5 340.El 341.Pp 342.It Li rwho/ 343rwho data files; 344see 345.Xr rwhod 8 , 346.Xr rwho 1 , 347and 348.Xr ruptime 1 349.It Li spool/ 350misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 351.Pp 352.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 353.It Li ftp/ 354commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 355.It Li mqueue/ 356undelivered mail queue; 357see 358.Xr sendmail 8 359.It Li output/ 360line printer spooling directories 361.It Li secretmail/ 362secretmail spool directory; 363see 364.Xr xget 1 365.It Li uucp/ 366uucp spool directory 367.It Li uucppublic/ 368commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 369.El 370.Pp 371.It Li tmp/ 372temporary files that are kept between system reboots 373.El 374.It Li /kernel 375pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 376at boot time). 377.El 378.Sh SEE ALSO 379.Xr apropos 1 , 380.Xr find 1 , 381.Xr finger 1 , 382.Xr grep 1 , 383.Xr ls 1 , 384.Xr whatis 1 , 385.Xr whereis 1 , 386.Xr which 1 , 387.Xr fsck 8 388.Sh HISTORY 389A 390.Nm hier 391manual page appeared in 392.At v7 . 393