man/man7/hier.7

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.\"	@(#)hier.7	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"	$Id: hier.7,v 1.13 1997/03/09 22:39:56 wosch Exp $
.\"
.Dd June 5, 1993
.Dt HIER 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm hier
.Nd layout of filesystems
.Sh DESCRIPTION
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
.Bl -tag -width "/stand/"
.It Li /
root directory of the filesystem
.It Li /bin/
user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
.It Li /dev/
block and character device files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact
.It Li MAKEDEV
script for creating device files;
see
.Xr MAKEDEV 8
.It Li fd/
file descriptor files;
see
.Xr \&fd 4
.El
.It Li /etc/
system configuration files and scripts
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact
.It Li gnats/
gnats configuration files;
see
.Xr send-pr 1
.It Li kerberosIV/
configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
see
.Xr kerberos 1
.It Li localtime
local timezone information;
see
.Xr ctime 3
.It Li mtree/
mtree configuration files;
see
.Xr mtree 8
.It Li namedb/
named configuration files;
see
.Xr named 8
.It Li ppp/
.Xr ppp 8
ppp configuration files;
see
.Xr ppp 8
.It Li skel/
local example . (dot) files for new accounts;
see
.Xr adduser 8
.It Li uucp/
uucp configuration files;
see
.Xr uucp 1
.El
.It Li /kernel
pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
at boot time).
.It Li /lkm/
loadable kernel modules;
see
.Xr lkm 4
.It Li /mnt/
empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point
.It Li /proc/
process file system;
see
.Xr procfs 5 ,
.Xr mount_procfs 8
.It Li /root
root's HOME directory
.It Li /sbin/
system programs and administration utilities
fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
.It Li /stand/
programs used in a standalone environment
.It Li /tmp/
temporary files, usually a
.Xr mfs 8
memory-based filesystem (the contents
of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
.It Li /usr/
contains the majority of user utilities and applications
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
.It Li bin/
common utilities, programming tools, and applications
.It Li games/
useful and semi-frivolous programs
.It Li include/
standard C include files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li arpa/
C include files for Internet service protocols
.It Li g++/
GNU C++ include files
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li std
GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
.El
.It Li isofs
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li cd9660
iso9660 filesystem
.El
.It Li kerberosIV/
C include files for kerberos authentication package;
see
.Xr kerberos 1
.It Li machine/
machine specific C include files
.It Li msdosfs/
MS-DOS file system
.It Li net/
misc network C include files
.\" .It Li netimp/
.\" C include files for IMP protocols;
.\" see
.\" .Xr imp 4
.It Li netatalk/
Appletalk protocol
.It Li netinet/
C include files for Internet standard protocols;
see
.Xr inet 4
.\" .It Li netiso/
.\" C include files for ISO standard protocols;
.\" see
.\" .Xr iso 4
.\" .It Li netns/
.\" C include files for XNS standard protocols;
.\" see
.\" .Xr \&ns 4
.It Li netipx/
IPX/SPX protocol stacks
.It Li netkey/
kernel key-management service
.It Li netns/
Xerox NS protocols
.It Li nfs/
C include files for NFS (Network File System)
.It Li objc/
???
.It Li pccard/
PC-CARD controllers
.It Li protocols/
C include files for Berkeley service protocols
.It Li readline/
get a line from a user with editing;
see
.Xr readline 3
.It Li rpc/
remote procedure calls;
see
.Xr rpc 3
.It Li rpcsvc/
???
.It Li ss/
libss ???
.It Li sys/
system C include files (kernel data structures)
.It Li tcl/
Tcl language;
see
Xr Tcl n
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li generic/
???
.It Li unix/
???
.El
.It Li ufs/
C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li ffs/
Fast filesystem
.It Li lfs/
log filesystem;
see
.Xr mount_lfs 8
.It Li mfs/
memory file system;
see
.Xr mount_mfs 8
.It Li ufs/
UFS filesystem
.El
.It Li vm/
virtual memory;
see
.Xr vmstat 8
.El
.Pp
.It Li lib/
archive libraries
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li compat/
shared libraries for compatibly
.El
.Pp
.It Li libdata/
misc. utility data files
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li gcc/
???
.It Li lint/
various prebuilt lint libraries;
see
.Xr lint 1
.It Li stallion/
holding the download firmware images
.It Li tcl
???;
see
.Xr Tcl n
.El
.Pp
.It Li libexec/
system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li lpr/
???
see
.Xr lpr 1
.It Li sm.bin/
restricted shell for sendmail;
see
.Xr smrsh 8
.It Li uucp/
uucp utilities;
see
.Xr uucp 1
.El
.Pp
.It Li local/
local executables, libraries, etc.
.br
Also used as the default destination for the
.Tn FreeBSD
ports framework.
Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
.Xr hier 7
should be used.  Exceptions are the man directory is directly under local/
rather than under local/share/.  Ports documentation is in share/doc/<port>/
.It Li mdec/
boot programs;
see
.Xr disklabel 8
.It Li obj/
architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
.It Li ports
The
.Tn FreeBSD
ports collection (optional).
.It Li sbin/
system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
.It Li share/
architecture-independent ascii text files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
.It Li calendar/
a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
see
.Xr calendar 1
.It Li dict/
word lists;
see
.Xr look 1
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li words
common words
.It Li web2
words from Webster's 2nd International
.It Li papers/
reference databases;
see
.Xr refer 1
.It Li special/
custom word lists;
see
.Xr spell 1
.El
.Pp
.It Li doc/
misc documentation;
src for most of the printed
.Bx BSD
manuals (available
from the
.Tn USENIX
association)
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li FAQ/
Frequently Asked Questions
.It Li handbook/
.Tn FreeBSD
Handbook
.It Li papers/
UNIX Papers
.It Li psd/
UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
.It Li smm/
UNIX System Manager's Manual
.It Li usd/
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
.El
.Pp
.It Li examples/
various examples for users and programmers
.It Li games/
ascii text files used by various games
.It Li groff_font/
device description file for device name
.It Li info/
GNU Info hypertext system
.It Li isdn/
ISDN
.It Li libg++/
libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
.It Li locale/
internationalization files;
see
.Xr setlocale 3
.It Li man/
manual pages
.It Li me/
macros for use with the me macro package
.It Li misc/
misc system-wide ascii text files
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li fonts/
???
.It Li pcvtfonts/
???;
see
.Xr pcvt 4
.It Li pkg_manage/
package manager help files;
see
.Xr pkg_manage
.It Li termcap
terminal characteristics database;
see
.Xr termcap 5
.El
.It Li mk/
templates for make;
see
.Xr make 1
.It Li ms/
macros for use with the ms macro package
.It Li nls/
national language support files;
see
.Xr mklocale 1
.It Li perl/
perl library files;
see
.Xr perl 1
.It Li sgml/
SGML tools files;
see
.Xr instant 1
.It Li skel/
example . (dot) files for new accounts
.It Li tabset/
tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
the termcap file;
see
.Xr termcap 5
.It Li tmac/
text processing macros;
see
.Xr nroff 1
and
.Xr troff 1
.It Li zoneinfo/
timezone configuration information;
see
.Xr tzfile 5
.El
.It Li src/
BSD and/or local source files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li bin/
src for files in /bin
.It Li contrib/
src for file from contributed software
.It Li eBones
Kerberos and DES
.It Li etc/
src for files in /etc
.It Li games/
src for files in /usr/games
.It Li gnu/
Utilities covered by the GNU Public License
.It Li include/
src for files in /usr/include
.It Li kerberosIV/
src for kerberos version IV
.It Li lib/
src for files in /usr/lib
.It Li libexec/
src for files in /usr/libexec
.It Li local/
src for files in /usr/local
.It Li lkm
src for files in /lkm
.It Li release
Files required to produce a
.Tn FreeBSD
release
.It Li sbin/
src for files in /sbin
.It Li secure
DES Sources
.It Li share/
src for files in /usr/share
.It Li sys/
kernel src files
.It Li usr.bin/
src for files in /usr/bin
.It Li usr.sbin/
src for files in /usr/sbin
.El
.Pp
.It Li X11R6/
X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
.El
.It Li /var/
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Li account/
system accounting files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li acct
execution accounting file;
see
.Xr acct 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li at/
timed command scheduling files;
see
.Xr \&at 1
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Li jobs
directory containing job files
.It Li spool
directory containing output spool files
.El
.Pp
.It Li backups/
misc. backup files
.It Li crash
???;
see
.Xr crash 8
.It Li cron/
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Li log
cron log files;
see
.Xr cron 8
.It Li tabs
crontab files;
see
.Xr crontab 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li db/
misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
.It Li games/
misc. game status and log files
.It Li games/
games score files
.It Li log/
misc. system log files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li wtmp
login/logout log;
see
.Xr wtmp 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li mail/
user mailbox files
.It Li preserve/
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
of an editor;
see
.Xr \&ex 1
.It Li msgs/
system messages database;
see
.Xr msgs 1
.It Li quotas/
filesystem quota information files
.It preserve
???
.It Li run/
system information files describing various info about
system since it was booted
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li utmp
database of current users;
see
.Xr utmp 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li rwho/
rwho data files;
see
.Xr rwhod 8 ,
.Xr rwho 1 ,
and
.Xr ruptime 1
.It Li spool/
misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li ftp/
commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
.It Li mqueue/
undelivered mail queue;
see
.Xr sendmail 8
.It Li output/
line printer spooling directories
.It Li secretmail/
secretmail spool directory;
see
.Xr xget 1
.It Li uucp/
uucp spool directory
.It Li uucppublic/
commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory
.El
.Pp
.It Li tmp/
temporary files that are kept between system reboots
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li vi.recover
the directory where recovery files are stored
.El
.It Li yp
the NIS maps
.El
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr apropos 1 ,
.Xr find 1 ,
.Xr finger 1 ,
.Xr grep 1 ,
.Xr ls 1 ,
.Xr whatis 1 ,
.Xr whereis 1 ,
.Xr which 1 ,
.Xr fsck 8
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm hier
manual page appeared in
.At v7 .