1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 33.\" 34.Dd June 5, 1993 35.Dt HIER 7 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm hier 39.Nd layout of filesystems 40.Sh DESCRIPTION 41A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 42.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 43.It Li / 44root directory of the filesystem 45.It Li /bin/ 46user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 47.It Li /dev/ 48block and character device files 49.Pp 50.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 51.It Li MAKEDEV 52script for creating device files; 53see 54.Xr makedev 8 55.It Li fd/ 56file descriptor files; 57see 58.Xr \&fd 4 59.El 60.It Li /etc/ 61system configuration files and scripts 62.Pp 63.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 64.It Li localtime 65local timezone information; 66see 67.Xr ctime 3 68.It Li disklabels/ 69backup disklabels; 70see 71.Xr disklabel 8 72.It Li kerberosIV/ 73configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 74see 75.Xr kerberos 1 76.It Li mtree/ 77mtree configuration files; 78see 79.Xr mtree 1 80.It Li namedb/ 81named configuration files; 82see 83.Xr named 8 84.El 85.It Li /mnt/ 86empty directory commonly used by 87system administrators as a temporary mount point 88.It Li /sbin/ 89system programs and administration utilities 90fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 91.It Li /stand/ 92programs used in a standalone environment 93.It Li /tmp/ 94temporary files, usually a 95.Xr mfs 8 96memory-based filesystem (the contents 97of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 98.It Li /usr/ 99contains the majority of user utilities and applications 100.Pp 101.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 102.It Li bin/ 103common utilities, programming tools, and applications 104.It Li contrib/ 105large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 106.It Li games/ 107useful and semi-frivolous programs 108.It Li include/ 109standard C include files 110.Pp 111.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 112.It Li X11/ 113C include files for X11 window system 114.It Li arpa/ 115C include files for Internet service protocols 116.It Li kerberosIV/ 117C include files for kerberos authentication package; 118see 119.Xr kerberos 1 120.It Li machine/ 121machine specific C include files 122.It Li net/ 123misc network C include files 124.It Li netimp/ 125C include files for IMP protocols; 126see 127.Xr imp 4 128.It Li netinet/ 129C include files for Internet standard protocols; 130see 131.Xr inet 4 132.It Li netiso/ 133C include files for ISO standard protocols; 134see 135.Xr iso 4 136.It Li netns/ 137C include files for XNS standard protocols; 138see 139.Xr \&ns 4 140.It Li nfs/ 141C include files for NFS (Network File System) 142.It Li pascal/ 143include files for pc 1 144.It Li protocols/ 145C include files for Berkeley service protocols 146.It Li sys/ 147system C include files (kernel data structures) 148.It Li ufs/ 149C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 150.El 151.Pp 152.It Li lib/ 153archive libraries 154.Pp 155.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 156.It Li uucp/ 157UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 158.El 159.It Li libdata/ 160misc. utility data files 161.It Li libexec/ 162system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 163.It Li local/ 164local executables, libraries, etc. 165.It Li obj/ 166architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 167.It Li old/ 168programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 169releases 170.It Li sbin/ 171system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 172.It Li share/ 173architecture-independent ascii text files 174.Pp 175.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 176.It Li calendar/ 177a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 178see 179.Xr calendar 1 180.It Li dict/ 181word lists; 182see 183.Xr look 1 184.Pp 185.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 186.It Li words 187common words 188.It Li web2 189words from Webster's 2nd International 190.It Li papers/ 191reference databases; 192see 193.Xr refer 1 194.It Li special/ 195custom word lists; 196see 197.Xr spell 1 198.El 199.Pp 200.It Li doc/ 201misc documentation; 202src for most of the printed 203.Bx BSD 204manuals (available 205from the 206.Tn USENIX 207association) 208.It Li games/ 209ascii text files used by various games 210.It Li man/ 211manual pages 212.It Li me/ 213macros for use with the me macro package 214.It Li misc/ 215misc system-wide ascii text files 216.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 217.It Li termcap 218terminal characteristics database; 219see 220.Xr termcap 5 221.El 222.It Li mk/ 223templates for make; 224see 225.Xr make 1 226.It Li ms/ 227macros for use with the ms macro package 228.It Li skel/ 229example . (dot) files for new accounts 230.It Li tabset/ 231tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 232the termcap file; 233see 234.Xr termcap 5 235.It Li tmac/ 236text processing macros; 237see 238.Xr nroff 1 239and 240.Xr troff 1 241.It Li zoneinfo/ 242timezone configuration information; 243see 244.Xr tzfile 5 245.El 246.Pp 247.It Li src/ 248BSD and/or local source files 249.Pp 250.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 251.It Li bin/ 252src for files in /bin 253.It Li contrib/ 254src for files in /usr/contrib 255.It Li etc/ 256src for files in /etc 257.It Li games/ 258src for files in /usr/games 259.It Li include/ 260src for files in /usr/include 261.It Li kerberosIV/ 262src for kerberos version IV 263.It Li lib/ 264src for files in /usr/lib 265.It Li libexec/ 266src for files in /usr/libexec 267.It Li local/ 268src for files in /usr/local 269.It Li old/ 270src for files in /usr/old 271.It Li pgrm/ 272src for programming tools in /usr/bin 273.It Li sbin/ 274src for files in /sbin 275.It Li share/ 276src for files in /usr/share 277.It Li sys/ 278kernel src files 279.It Li usr.bin/ 280src for files in /usr/bin 281.It Li usr.sbin/ 282src for files in /usr/sbin 283.El 284.El 285.It Li /var/ 286multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 287.Pp 288.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 289.It Li account/ 290system accounting files 291.Pp 292.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 293.It Li acct 294execution accounting file; 295see 296.Xr acct 5 297.El 298.Pp 299.It Li at/ 300timed command scheduling files; 301see 302.Xr \&at 1 303.It Li backups/ 304misc. backup files 305.It Li db/ 306misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 307.It Li games/ 308misc. game status and log files 309.It Li log/ 310misc. system log files 311.Pp 312.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 313.It Li wtmp 314login/logout log; 315see 316.Xr wtmp 5 317.El 318.Pp 319.It Li mail/ 320user mailbox files 321.It Li preserve/ 322temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 323of an editor; 324see 325.Xr \&ex 1 326.It Li quotas/ 327filesystem quota information files 328.It Li run/ 329system information files describing various info about 330system since it was booted 331.Pp 332.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 333.It Li utmp 334database of current users; 335see 336.Xr utmp 5 337.El 338.Pp 339.It Li rwho/ 340rwho data files; 341see 342.Xr rwhod 8 , 343.Xr rwho 1 , 344and 345.Xr ruptime 1 346.It Li spool/ 347misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 348.Pp 349.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 350.It Li ftp/ 351commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 352.It Li mqueue/ 353undelivered mail queue; 354see 355.Xr sendmail 8 356.It Li output/ 357line printer spooling directories 358.It Li secretmail/ 359secretmail spool directory; 360see 361.Xr xget 1 362.It Li uucp/ 363uucp spool directory 364.It Li uucppublic/ 365commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 366.El 367.Pp 368.It Li tmp/ 369temporary files that are kept between system reboots 370.El 371.It Li /kernel 372pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 373at boot time). 374.El 375.Sh SEE ALSO 376.Xr \&ls 1 , 377.Xr apropos 1 , 378.Xr whatis 1 , 379.Xr whereis 1 , 380.Xr finger 1 , 381.Xr which 1 , 382.Xr find 1 , 383.Xr grep 1 , 384.Xr fsck 8 385.Sh HISTORY 386A 387.Nm hier 388manual page appeared in 389.At v7 . 390