1.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)environ.7 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd April 12, 2003 32.Dt ENVIRON 7 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm environ 36.Nd user environment 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Ar extern char **environ ; 39.Sh DESCRIPTION 40An array of strings called the 41.Ar environment 42is made available by 43.Xr execve 2 44when a process begins. 45By convention these strings have the form 46.Dq Ar name=value . 47The following names are used by various commands: 48.Bl -tag -width LC_MONETARY 49.It Ev BLOCKSIZE 50The size of the block units used by several commands, most notably 51.Xr df 1 , 52.Xr du 1 53and 54.Xr ls 1 . 55This variable is processed by the 56.Xr getbsize 3 57function. 58.It Ev COLUMNS 59The user's preferred width in column positions for the terminal. 60Utilities such as 61.Xr ls 1 62and 63.Xr who 1 64use this to format output into columns. 65If unset or empty, utilities will use an 66.Xr ioctl 2 67call to ask the terminal driver for the width. 68.It Ev EDITOR 69Default editor name. 70.It Ev EXINIT 71A startup list of commands read by 72.Xr ex 1 73and 74.Xr vi 1 . 75.It Ev HOME 76A user's login directory, set by 77.Xr login 1 78from the password file 79.Xr passwd 5 . 80.It Ev LANG 81This variable configures all programs which use 82.Xr setlocale 3 83to use the specified locale unless the 84.Ev LC_* 85variables are set. 86.It Ev LC_ALL 87Overrides the values of 88.Ev LC_COLLATE , 89.Ev LC_CTYPE , 90.Ev LC_MESSAGES , 91.Ev LC_MONETARY , 92.Ev LC_NUMERIC , 93.Ev LC_TIME 94and 95.Ev LANG . 96.It Ev LC_COLLATE 97Locale to be used for ordering of strings. 98.It Ev LC_CTYPE 99Locale to be used for character classification 100(letter, space, digit, etc.) and for interpreting byte sequences as 101multibyte characters. 102.It Ev LC_MESSAGES 103Locale to be used for diagnostic messages. 104.It Ev LC_MONETARY 105Locale to be used for interpreting monetary input 106and formatting output. 107.It Ev LC_NUMERIC 108Locale to be used for interpreting numeric input and 109formatting output. 110.It Ev LC_TIME 111Locale to be used for interpreting dates input and 112for formatting output. 113.It Ev MAIL 114The location of the user's 115mailbox instead of the default in /var/mail, 116used by 117.Xr mail 1 , 118.Xr sh 1 , 119and many other mail clients. 120.It Ev NLSPATH 121List of directories to be searched for the message catalog referred to by 122.Ev LC_MESSAGES . 123See 124.Xr catopen 3 . 125.It Ev PAGER 126Default paginator program. 127The program specified by this variable is used by 128.Xr mail 1 , 129.Xr man 1 , 130.Xr ftp 1 , 131etc, to display information which is longer than the current display. 132.It Ev PATH 133The sequence of directories, separated by colons, searched by 134.Xr csh 1 , 135.Xr sh 1 , 136.Xr system 3 , 137.Xr execvp 3 , 138etc, when looking for an executable file. 139.Ev PATH 140is set to ``/usr/bin:/bin'' initially by 141.Xr login 1 . 142.It Ev PRINTER 143The name of the default printer to be used by 144.Xr lpr 1 , 145.Xr lpq 1 , 146and 147.Xr lprm 1 . 148.It Ev PWD 149The current directory pathname. 150.It Ev SHELL 151The full pathname of the user's login shell. 152.It Ev TERM 153The kind of terminal for which output is to be prepared. 154This information is used by commands, such as 155.Xr nroff 1 156or 157.Xr plot 1 158which may exploit special terminal capabilities. 159See 160.Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap 161.Pq Xr termcap 5 162for a list of terminal types. 163.It Ev TERMCAP 164The string describing the terminal in 165.Ev TERM , 166or, if 167it begins with a '/', the name of the termcap file. 168See 169.Ev TERMPATH 170below, and 171.Xr termcap 5 . 172.It Ev TERMPATH 173A sequence of pathnames of termcap files, separated by colons or spaces, 174which are searched for terminal descriptions in the order listed. 175Having 176no 177.Ev TERMPATH 178is equivalent to a 179.Ev TERMPATH 180of 181.Dq Pa $HOME/.termcap:/etc/termcap . 182.Ev TERMPATH 183is ignored if 184.Ev TERMCAP 185contains a full pathname. 186.It Ev TMPDIR 187The directory in which to store temporary files. 188Most applications use either 189.Dq /tmp 190or 191.Dq /var/tmp . 192Setting this variable will make them use another directory. 193.It Ev TZ 194The timezone to use when displaying dates. 195The normal format is a pathname relative to 196.Dq Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo . 197For example, the command 198.Dq env TZ=America/Los_Angeles date 199displays the current time in California. 200See 201.Xr tzset 3 202for more information. 203.It Ev USER 204The login name of the user. 205.El 206.Pp 207Further names may be placed in the environment by the 208.Ic export 209command and 210.Ar name=value 211arguments in 212.Xr sh 1 , 213or by the 214.Ic setenv 215command if you use 216.Xr csh 1 . 217It is unwise to change certain 218.Xr sh 1 219variables that are frequently exported by 220.Pa .profile 221files, such as 222.Ev MAIL , 223.Ev PS1 , 224.Ev PS2 , 225and 226.Ev IFS , 227unless you know what you are doing. 228.Pp 229The current environment variables can be printed with 230.Xr env 1 , 231.Xr set 1 232or 233.Xr printenv 1 234in 235.Xr sh 1 236and 237.Xr env 1 , 238.Xr printenv 1 239or the 240.Cm printenv 241built-in command in 242.Xr csh 1 . 243.Sh SEE ALSO 244.Xr cd 1 , 245.Xr csh 1 , 246.Xr env 1 , 247.Xr ex 1 , 248.Xr login 1 , 249.Xr printenv 1 , 250.Xr sh 1 , 251.Xr execve 2 , 252.Xr execle 3 , 253.Xr getbsize 3 , 254.Xr getenv 3 , 255.Xr setenv 3 , 256.Xr setlocale 3 , 257.Xr system 3 , 258.Xr termcap 3 , 259.Xr termcap 5 260.Sh HISTORY 261The 262.Nm 263manual page appeared in 264.Bx 4.2 . 265