1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)fstab.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 5, 1993 36.Dt FSTAB 5 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm fstab 40.Nd static information about the filesystems 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.In fstab.h 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The file 45.Nm 46contains descriptive information about the various file 47systems. 48.Nm 49is only read by programs, and not written; 50it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create 51and maintain this file. 52Each filesystem is described on a separate line; 53fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. 54The order of records in 55.Nm 56is important because 57.Xr fsck 8 , 58.Xr mount 8 , 59and 60.Xr umount 8 61sequentially iterate through 62.Nm 63doing their thing. 64.Pp 65The first field, 66.Pq Fa fs_spec , 67describes the block special device or 68remote filesystem to be mounted. 69For filesystems of type 70.Em ufs , 71the special file name is the block special file name, 72and not the character special file name. 73If a program needs the character special file name, 74the program must create it by appending a ``r'' after the 75last ``/'' in the special file name. 76.Pp 77The second field, 78.Pq Fa fs_file , 79describes the mount point for the filesystem. 80For swap partitions, this field should be specified as ``none''. 81.Pp 82The third field, 83.Pq Fa fs_vfstype , 84describes the type of the filesystem. 85The system can support various filesystem types. 86Only the root, /usr, and /tmp filesystems need be statically 87compiled into the kernel; 88everything else will be automatically loaded at mount 89time. (Exception: the UFS family - FFS and LFS cannot 90currently be demand-loaded.) Some people still prefer to statically 91compile other filesystems as well. 92.Pp 93The fourth field, 94.Pq Fa fs_mntops , 95describes the mount options associated with the filesystem. 96It is formatted as a comma separated list of options. 97It contains at least the type of mount (see 98.Fa fs_type 99below) plus any additional options 100appropriate to the filesystem type. See the options flag 101.Pq Fl o 102in the 103.Xr mount 8 104page and the filesystem specific page, such as 105.Xr mount_nfs 8 , 106for additional options that may be specified. 107.Pp 108If the options ``userquota'' and/or ``groupquota'' are specified, 109the filesystem is automatically processed by the 110.Xr quotacheck 8 111command, and user and/or group disk quotas are enabled with 112.Xr quotaon 8 . 113By default, 114filesystem quotas are maintained in files named 115.Pa quota.user 116and 117.Pa quota.group 118which are located at the root of the associated filesystem. 119These defaults may be overridden by putting an equal sign 120and an alternative absolute pathname following the quota option. 121Thus, if the user quota file for 122.Pa /tmp 123is stored in 124.Pa /var/quotas/tmp.user , 125this location can be specified as: 126.Bd -literal -offset indent 127userquota=/var/quotas/tmp.user 128.Ed 129.Pp 130If the option ``noauto'' is specified, the filesystem will not be automatically 131mounted at system startup. 132Note that, for network filesystems 133of third party types 134(i.e. types supported by additional software 135not included in the base system) 136to be automatically mounted at system startup, 137the 138.\" XXX This word is not marked up with .Va because it is not a variable 139.\" that relates to /etc/fstab, but rather an rc.conf(8) variable. 140.Bk -words 141extra_netfs_types 142.Ek 143.Xr rc.conf 5 144variable must be used to extend the 145.Xr rc 8 146startup script's list of network filesystem types. 147.Pp 148The type of the mount is extracted from the 149.Fa fs_mntops 150field and stored separately in the 151.Fa fs_type 152field (it is not deleted from the 153.Fa fs_mntops 154field). 155If 156.Fa fs_type 157is ``rw'' or ``ro'' then the filesystem whose name is given in the 158.Fa fs_file 159field is normally mounted read-write or read-only on the 160specified special file. 161If 162.Fa fs_type 163is ``sw'' then the special file is made available as a piece of swap 164space by the 165.Xr swapon 8 166command at the end of the system reboot procedure. 167The fields other than 168.Fa fs_spec 169and 170.Fa fs_type 171are unused. 172If 173.Fa fs_type 174is specified as ``xx'' the entry is ignored. 175This is useful to show disk partitions which are currently unused. 176.Pp 177The fifth field, 178.Pq Fa fs_freq , 179is used for these filesystems by the 180.Xr dump 8 181command to determine which filesystems need to be dumped. 182If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and 183.Nm dump 184will assume that the filesystem does not need to be dumped. 185.Pp 186The sixth field, 187.Pq Fa fs_passno , 188is used by the 189.Xr fsck 8 190program to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done 191at reboot time. 192The root filesystem should be specified with a 193.Fa fs_passno 194of 1, and other filesystems should have a 195.Fa fs_passno 196of 2. 197Filesystems within a drive will be checked sequentially, 198but filesystems on different drives will be checked at the 199same time to utilize parallelism available in the hardware. 200If the sixth field is not present or is zero, 201a value of zero is returned and 202.Xr fsck 8 203will assume that the filesystem does not need to be checked. 204.Bd -literal 205#define FSTAB_RW "rw" /* read/write device */ 206#define FSTAB_RQ "rq" /* read/write with quotas */ 207#define FSTAB_RO "ro" /* read-only device */ 208#define FSTAB_SW "sw" /* swap device */ 209#define FSTAB_XX "xx" /* ignore totally */ 210 211struct fstab { 212 char *fs_spec; /* block special device name */ 213 char *fs_file; /* filesystem path prefix */ 214 char *fs_vfstype; /* File system type, ufs, nfs */ 215 char *fs_mntops; /* Mount options ala -o */ 216 char *fs_type; /* FSTAB_* from fs_mntops */ 217 int fs_freq; /* dump frequency, in days */ 218 int fs_passno; /* pass number on parallel fsck */ 219}; 220.Ed 221.Pp 222The proper way to read records from 223.Pa fstab 224is to use the routines 225.Xr getfsent 3 , 226.Xr getfsspec 3 , 227.Xr getfstype 3 , 228and 229.Xr getfsfile 3 . 230.Sh FILES 231.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact 232.It Pa /etc/fstab 233The file 234.Nm 235resides in 236.Pa /etc . 237.El 238.Sh SEE ALSO 239.Xr getfsent 3 , 240.Xr getvfsbyname 3 , 241.Xr dump 8 , 242.Xr fsck 8 , 243.Xr mount 8 , 244.Xr quotacheck 8 , 245.Xr quotaon 8 , 246.Xr swapon 8 , 247.Xr umount 8 248.Sh HISTORY 249The 250.Nm 251file format appeared in 252.Bx 4.0 . 253