man/man4/snd_hda.4

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.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
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.Dd November 8, 2008
.Dt SND_HDA 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm snd_hda
.Nd "Intel High Definition Audio bridge device driver"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your
kernel configuration file:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
.Cd "device sound"
.Cd "device snd_hda"
.Ed
.Pp
Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the
following line in
.Xr loader.conf 5 :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
snd_hda_load="YES"
.Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The High Definition (HD) Audio specification was developed by Intel as the
logical successor of the old AC'97 specification and has several advantages,
such as higher bandwidth which allows more channels and more detailed formats,
support for several logical audio devices, and general purpose DMA channels.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver is a HDA bus controller driver and HDA codecs audio functions bridge
driver that allows the generic audio driver,
.Xr sound 4 ,
to be used with this hardware.
Only audio functions are supported by
.Nm .
Modem, HDMI and other possible functions are not implemented.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver supports hardware that conforms with revision 1.0 of the Intel High
Definition Audio specification and tries to behave much like the Microsoft
Universal Audio Architecture (UAA) draft (revision 0.7b) for handling audio
devices.
.Pp
According to HDA and UAA specifications, depending on the number of HDA buses
and codecs present in system, their audio capabilities and BIOS provided
configuration, the
.Nm
driver often provides several PCM audio devices.
For example, one device for main rear 7.1 output and inputs, one device
for independent headset connectors at front and one device for SPDIF or
HDMI audio input/output.
The assignment of audio inputs and outputs may be tuned with
.Xr device.hints 5 .
The driver's verbose boot messages provide a lot of information about
the operation of the driver and present audio setup.
.Pp
The default audio device may be tuned by setting the
.Ar hw.snd.default_unit
sysctl, as described in
.Xr sound 4 ,
or explicitly specified in application settings.
.Ss Boot-time Configuration
The following variables are available at boot-time through the
.Xr device.hints 5
file:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va hint.hdac.%d.config"-offset indent
.It Va hint.hdac.%d.config
Configures a range of possible options.
Possible values are:
.Dq Li dmapos ,
.Dq Li eapdinv ,
.Dq Li gpio0 ,
.Dq Li gpio1 ,
.Dq Li gpio2 ,
.Dq Li gpio3 ,
.Dq Li gpio4 ,
.Dq Li gpio5 ,
.Dq Li gpio6 ,
.Dq Li gpio7 ,
.Dq Li gpioflush ,
.Dq Li ivref ,
.Dq Li ivref50 ,
.Dq Li ivref80 ,
.Dq Li ivref100 ,
.Dq Li fixedrate ,
.Dq Li forcestereo ,
.Dq Li ovref ,
.Dq Li ovref50 ,
.Dq Li ovref80 ,
.Dq Li ovref100 ,
.Dq Li senseinv ,
.Dq Li softpcmvol ,
and
.Dq Li vref .
An option prefixed with
.Dq Li no ,
such as
.Dq Li nofixedrate ,
will do the opposite and takes precedence.
Options can be separated by whitespace and commas.
.Dq Li GPIO Ns s
are a codec's General Purpose I/O pins which system integrators sometimes
use to control external muters, amplifiers and so on.
If you have no sound, or sound volume is not adequate, you may have to
experiment a bit with the GPIO setup to find the optimal setup for your
system.
The
.Dq Li ivref Ns Ar X
and
.Dq Li ovref Ns Ar X
options control the voltage used to power external microphones.
.It Va hint.hdac.%d.msi
Controls MSI (Message Signaled Interrupts) support.
.It Va hint.hdac.%d.cad%d.nid%d.config
Overrides codec pin configuration set by BIOS.
May be specified as a 32-bit hexadecimal value with a leading
.Dq 0x ,
or as a set of space-separated
.Dq Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value
pairs.
.El
.Pp
Pin configuration is the UAA driver's main source of information about codec
usage.
This information is usually provided by the codec manufacturer and tuned
by system integrators for specific system requirements.
The
.Nm
driver allows users to override it to fix integrator mistakes or to use the
available codec in alternative ways (for example to get stereo output and 2
inputs instead of a single 5.1 output).
.Pp
The following options are supported:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va device=" -offset indent
.It Va as
Association number.
Associations are used to group individual pins to form a complex multi-pin
device.
For example, to group 4 connectors for 7.1 output, or to treat several
input connectors as sources for the same input device.
Association numbers can be specified as numeric values from 0 to 15.
A value of 0 means disabled pin.
A value of 15 is a set of independent unassociated pins.
Each association includes only pins of the same direction (in/out) and is
detected atomically (all pins or none).
A separate PCM audio device is created for every pair of input and
output associations.
.It Va seq
Sequence number.
A unique, per-association number used to order pins inside the
particular association.
Sequence numbers can be specified as numeric values from 0 to 15.
.Pp
The sequence number 15 has a special meaning for output associations.
Output pins with this number and device type
.Dq Ar Headphones
will duplicate (with automatic mute if jack detection is supported) the
first pin in that association.
.It Va device
Device type.
Can be specified as a number from 0 to 15 or as a name:
.Dq Li Line-out ,
.Dq Li Speaker ,
.Dq Li Headphones,
.Dq Li CD ,
.Dq Li SPDIF-out ,
.Dq Li Digital-out ,
.Dq Li Modem-line ,
.Dq Li Modem-handset ,
.Dq Li Line-in ,
.Dq Li AUX ,
.Dq Li Mic ,
.Dq Li Telephony ,
.Dq Li SPDIF-in ,
.Dq Li Digital-in ,
.Dq Li Res.E ,
or
.Dq Li Other .
The device type also describes the pin direction (in/out).
For example,
.Dq Li CD
always means an input pin, while
.Dq Li Headphones
always means an output.
.It Va conn
Connection type.
Can be specified as a number from 0 to 3.
The connection type can also be specified as one of the special names
.Dq Li Jack ,
.Dq Li None ,
.Dq Li Fixed ,
or
.Dq Li Both .
Pins with a connection type of
.Dq Li None
are disabled.
.It Va ctype
Connector physical type.
Can be specified as a number from 0 to 15.
This is a reference only value.
It is ignored by the
.Nm
driver.
.It Va color
Connector color.
Can be specified as a number from 0 to 15 or as one of the names
.Dq Li Unknown ,
.Dq Li Black ,
.Dq Li Grey ,
.Dq Li Blue ,
.Dq Li Green ,
.Dq Li Red ,
.Dq Li Orange ,
.Dq Li Yellow ,
.Dq Li Purple ,
.Dq Li Pink ,
.Dq Li Res.A ,
.Dq Li Res.B ,
.Dq Li Res.C ,
.Dq Li Res.D ,
.Dq Li White ,
or
.Dq Li Other .
This is a reference only value.
It is ignored by the
.Nm
driver.
.It Va loc
Connector physical location.
Can be specified as a number from 0 to 63.
This is a reference only value.
It is ignored by the
.Nm
driver.
.It Va misc
Misc bits.
Can be specified as a number from 0 to 15.
Bit 0 has a special meaning.  When set it means that jack detection is
not implemented in hardware.
.El
.Ss Runtime Configuration
The following
.Xr sysctl 8
variables are available in addition to those available to all
.Xr sound 4
devices:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va dev.hdac.%d.polling" -offset indent
.It Va dev.hdac.%d.polling
Enables polling mode.
In this mode the driver operates by querying the device state on timer
ticks using
.Xr callout 9
instead of interrupts.
Polling is disabled by default.
Do not enable it unless you are facing weird interrupt problems or if the
device cannot generate interrupts at all.
.It Va dev.hdac.%d.polling_interval
Controller/Jack Sense polling interval (1-1000 ms)
.It Va dev.hdac.%d.pindump
Setting this to a non-zero value dumps the current pin configuration, main
capabilities and jack sense status to console and syslog.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
Taking HP Compaq DX2300 with Realtek ALC888 HDA codec for example.
This system has two audio connectors on a front side, three audio connectors
on a rear side and one internal speaker.
According to verbose driver output and the codec datasheet,
this codec has five stereo DACs and two stereo ADCs, all of them are routable to
any codec pin (external connector).
All codec pins are reversible (could be configured either as input or output).
.Pp
So high codec uniformity and flexibility allow driver to configure it in many
different ways, depending on requested pins usage decribed by pins configuration.
Driver reports such default pin configuration when verbose messages enabled:
.Bd -literal
hdac0: nid 20 0x01014020 as  2 seq  0   Line-out  Jack jack 1 loc  1 color   Green misc 0
hdac0: nid 21 0x99130110 as  1 seq  0    Speaker Fixed jack 3 loc 25 color Unknown misc 1
hdac0: nid 22 0x411111f0 as 15 seq  0    Speaker  None jack 1 loc  1 color   Black misc 1
hdac0: nid 23 0x411111f0 as 15 seq  0    Speaker  None jack 1 loc  1 color   Black misc 1
hdac0: nid 24 0x01a19830 as  3 seq  0        Mic  Jack jack 1 loc  1 color    Pink misc 8
hdac0: nid 25 0x02a1983f as  3 seq 15        Mic  Jack jack 1 loc  2 color    Pink misc 8
hdac0: nid 26 0x01813031 as  3 seq  1    Line-in  Jack jack 1 loc  1 color    Blue misc 0
hdac0: nid 27 0x0221401f as  1 seq 15 Headphones  Jack jack 1 loc  2 color   Green misc 0
hdac0: nid 28 0x411111f0 as 15 seq  0    Speaker  None jack 1 loc  1 color   Black misc 1
hdac0: nid 30 0x411111f0 as 15 seq  0    Speaker  None jack 1 loc  1 color   Black misc 1
hdac0: nid 31 0x411111f0 as 15 seq  0    Speaker  None jack 1 loc  1 color   Black misc 1
.Ed
.Pp
Here we can see, that the nodes with ID (nid) 25 and 27 are front pannel
connectors (Jack, loc 2), nids 20, 24 and 26 are rear pannel connectors
(Jack, loc 1) and nid 21 is a built-in speaker (Fixed, loc 25).
Pins with nids 22, 23, 28, 30 and 31 will be disabled by driver due to "None"
connectivity. So the pin count and description matches to connectors that
we have.
.Pp
Using association (as) and sequence (seq) fields values pins are grouped into
3 associations:
.Bd -literal
hdac0: Association 0 (1) out:
hdac0:   Pin nid=21 seq=0
hdac0:   Pin nid=27 seq=15
hdac0: Association 1 (2) out:
hdac0:   Pin nid=20 seq=0
hdac0: Association 2 (3) in:
hdac0:   Pin nid=24 seq=0
hdac0:   Pin nid=26 seq=1
hdac0:   Pin nid=25 seq=15
.Ed
.Pp
Each
.Xr pcm 4
device uses two associations: one for playback and one for recording.
Associations processed and assigned to
.Xr pcm 4
devices in increasing numerical order.
In this case association #0 (1) will become
.Li pcm0
device playback, using the internal speakers and
.Ar Headphones
jack with speaker automute on the headphones jack connection.
Association #1 (2) will become
.Li pcm1
playback, using the
.Ar Line-out
jack.
Association #2 (3) will become
.Li pcm0
recording, using the external microphones and the
.Ar Line-in
jack.
.Pp
The
.Nm
driver provides extensive verbose messages to diagnose its operation
logic and describe its current codec configuration.
.Pp
Using
.Xr device.hints 5
it is possible to modify the configuration of the existing pins,
allowing a broad range of different audio setups.
Here are a few examples of some setups possible for this particular
hardware:
.Ss Example 1
Setting the
.Xr device.hints 5
options
.Bd -literal
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid20.config="as=1"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid21.config="as=2"
.Ed
.Pp
will swap line-out and speaker functions.
So the
.Li pcm0
device will play to the line-out and headphones jacks. Line-out will
be muted on the headphones jack connection.
Recording on
.Li pcm0
will go from two external microphones and line-in jacks.
.Li pcm1
playback will go to the internal speaker.
.Pp
.Ss Example 2
Setting the
.Xr device.hints 5
options
.Bd -literal
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid20.config="as=1 seq=15 device=Headphones"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid27.config="as=2 seq=0"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid25.config="as=4 seq=0"
.Ed
.Pp
will split the headphones and one of the microphones to a separate device.
The
.Li pcm0
device will play to the internal speaker and to the line-out jack, with
speaker automute on the line-out jack connection.
Recording on
.Li pcm0
will use input from one external microphone and the line-in jacks.
The
.Li pcm1
device will be completely dedicated to a headset (headphones and mic)
connected to the front connectors.
.Pp
.Ss Example 3
Setting the
.Xr device.hints 5
options
.Bd -literal
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid20.config="as=1 seq=0"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid26.config="as=2 seq=0"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid27.config="as=3 seq=0"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid25.config="as=4 seq=0"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid24.config="as=5 seq=0 device=Line-out"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid21.config="as=6 seq=0"
.Ed
.Pp
will give 4 independent devices:
.Li pcm0
.Pq line-out and line-in ,
.Li pcm1
.Pq headphones and mic ,
.Li pcm2
.Pq additional line-out via retasked rear mic jack ,
and
.Li pcm3
.Pq internal speaker .
.Pp
.Ss Example 4
Setting the
.Xr device.hints 5
options
.Bd -literal
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid20.config="as=1 seq=0"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid24.config="as=1 seq=1 device=Line-out"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid26.config="as=1 seq=2 device=Line-out"
hint.hdac.0.cad0.nid21.config="as=2 seq=0"
.Ed
.Pp
will give 2 devices:
.Li pcm0
for 5.1 playback via 3 rear connectors (line-out and retasked
mic and line-in) and headset (headphones and mic) at front connectors.
.Li pcm1
for internal speaker playback.
On headphones connection rear connectors will be muted.
.Sh HARDWARE
The
.Nm
driver supports the following audio chipsets:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
ATI SB450
.It
ATI SB600
.It
Intel 631x/632xESB
.It
Intel 82801F
.It
Intel 82801G
.It
Intel 82801H
.It
Intel 82801I
.It
nVidia MCP51
.It
nVidia MCP55
.It
nVidia MCP61A
.It
nVidia MCP61B
.It
nVidia MCP65A
.It
nVidia MCP65B
.It
nVidia MCP67A
.It
nVidia MCP67B
.It
SiS 966
.It
VIA VT8251/8237A
.El
.Pp
Generic audio chipsets compatible with the Intel HDA specification should work,
but have not been verified yet.
The following codecs have been verified to work:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -compact
.It
Analog Devices AD1981HD
.It
Analog Devices AD1983
.It
Analog Devices AD1984
.It
Analog Devices AD1986A
.It
Analog Devices AD1988
.It
Analog Devices AD1988B
.It
CMedia CMI9880
.It
Conexant Venice
.It
Conexant Waikiki
.It
Realtek ALC260
.It
Realtek ALC262
.It
Realtek ALC268
.It
Realtek ALC660
.It
Realtek ALC861
.It
Realtek ALC861VD
.It
Realtek ALC880
.It
Realtek ALC882
.It
Realtek ALC883
.It
Realtek ALC885
.It
Realtek ALC888
.It
Realtek ALC889
.It
Sigmatel STAC9205
.It
Sigmatel STAC9220
.It
Sigmatel STAC9220D / 9223D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9221
.It
Sigmatel STAC9221D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9227D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9227X
.It
Sigmatel STAC9228D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9228X
.It
Sigmatel STAC9229D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9229X
.It
Sigmatel STAC9230D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9230X
.It
Sigmatel STAC9271D
.It
Sigmatel STAC9872AK
.It
VIA VT1708
.It
VIA VT1709
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr sound 4 ,
.Xr device.hints 5 ,
.Xr loader.conf 5 ,
.Xr sysctl 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
device driver first appeared in
.Fx 6.3 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
driver was written by
.An Stephane E. Potvin Aq sepotvin@videotron.ca ,
.An Ariff Abdullah Aq ariff@FreeBSD.org
and
.An Alexander Motin Aq mav@FreeBSD.org .
This manual page was written by
.An Joel Dahl Aq joel@FreeBSD.org ,
.An Alexander Motin Aq mav@FreeBSD.org
and
.An Giorgos Keramidas Aq keramida@FreeBSD.org .
.Sh BUGS
A few Hardware/OEM vendors tend to screw up BIOS settings, thus
rendering the
.Nm
driver useless, which usually results in a state where the
.Nm
driver seems to attach and work, but without any sound.
.Pp
Due to OSS limitation multichannel (not multidevice) playback is not
supported.