1.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 2.\" 3.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 4.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 5.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 6.\" 7.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 8.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 9.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 10.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 11.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 12.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 13.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 14.\" 15.\" $FreeBSD$ 16.\" 17.Dd April 4, 2017 18.Dt RAL 4 19.Os 20.Sh NAME 21.Nm ral 22.Nd "Ralink Technology IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless network device" 23.Sh SYNOPSIS 24To compile this driver into the kernel, 25place the following lines in your 26kernel configuration file: 27.Bd -ragged -offset indent 28.Cd "device ral" 29.Cd "device ralfw" 30.Cd "device wlan" 31.Cd "device wlan_amrr" 32.Cd "device firmware" 33.Ed 34.Pp 35Alternatively, to load the driver as a 36module at boot time, place the following line in 37.Xr loader.conf 5 : 38.Bd -literal -offset indent 39if_ral_load="YES" 40.Ed 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42The 43.Nm 44driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500, 45RT2501, RT2600, RT2700, RT2800, RT3090 and RT3900E chipsets. 46.Pp 47The RT2500 chipset is the first generation of 802.11b/g adapters from Ralink. 48It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2560 MAC/BBP and an RT2525 radio 49transceiver. 50.Pp 51The RT2501 chipset is the second generation of 802.11a/b/g adapters from 52Ralink. 53It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2561 MAC/BBP and an RT2527 radio 54transceiver. 55This chipset provides support for the IEEE 802.11e standard with multiple 56hardware transmission queues and allows scatter/gather for efficient DMA 57operations. 58.Pp 59The RT2600 chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2661 MAC/BBP and an 60RT2529 radio transceiver. 61This chipset uses the MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology with 62multiple radio transceivers to extend the operating range of the adapter and 63to achieve higher throughput. 64However, the RT2600 chipset does not support any of the 802.11n features. 65.Pp 66The RT2700 chipset is a low-cost version of the RT2800 chipset. 67It supports a single transmit path and two receiver paths (1T2R). 68It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2760 or RT2790 (PCIe) MAC/BBP and 69an RT2720 (2.4GHz) or RT2750 (2.4GHz/5GHz) radio transceiver. 70.Pp 71The RT2800 chipset is the first generation of 802.11n adapters from Ralink. 72It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2860 or RT2890 (PCIe) MAC/BBP and 73an RT2820 (2.4GHz) or RT2850 (2.4GHz/5GHz) radio transceiver. 74The RT2800 chipset supports two transmit paths and up to three receiver 75paths (2T2R/2T3R). 76It can achieve speeds up to 144Mbps (20MHz bandwidth) and 300Mbps (40MHz 77bandwidth.) 78.Pp 79The RT3090 chipset is the first generation of single-chip 802.11n adapters 80from Ralink. 81.Nm 82supports 83.Cm station , 84.Cm adhoc , 85.Cm hostap , 86.Cm mesh , 87.Cm wds , 88and 89.Cm monitor 90mode operation. 91Only one 92.Cm hostap 93or 94.Cm mesh 95virtual interface may be configured at a time. 96Any number of 97.Cm wds 98virtual interfaces may be configured together with a 99.Cm hostap 100interface. 101Multiple 102.Cm station 103interfaces may be operated together with a 104.Cm hostap 105interface to construct a wireless repeater device. 106.Pp 107The RT3900E chipset is a single-chip 802.11n adapters from Ralink. 108The MAC/Baseband Processor can be an RT5390 or RT5392. 109The RT5390 chip operates in the 2GHz spectrum and supports 1 transmit path 110and 1 receiver path (1T1R). 111The RT5392 chip operates in the 2GHz spectrum and supports up to 2 transmit 112paths and 2 receiver paths (2T2R). 113.Pp 114The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the 115driver depending on the number of hardware transmission retries. 116For more information on configuring this device, see 117.Xr ifconfig 8 . 118.Sh HARDWARE 119The 120.Nm 121driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on Ralink Technology 122chipsets, including: 123.Pp 124.Bl -column -compact ".Li Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54" "RT2561S" "CardBus" 125.It Em Card Ta Em MAC/BBP Ta Em Bus 126.It "A-Link WL54H" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 127.It "A-Link WL54PC" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 128.It "AirLink101 AWLC5025" Ta RT2661 Ta CardBus 129.It "AirLink101 AWLH5025" Ta RT2661 Ta PCI 130.It "Amigo AWI-914W" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 131.It "Amigo AWI-922W" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 132.It "Amigo AWI-926W" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 133.It "AMIT WL531C" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 134.It "AMIT WL531P" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 135.It "AOpen AOI-831" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 136.It "ASUS WL-107G" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 137.It "ASUS WL-130g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 138.It "Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 139.It "Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 140.It "Belkin F5D7000 v3" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 141.It "Belkin F5D7010 v2" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 142.It "Billionton MIWLGRL" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 143.It "Canyon CN-WF511" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 144.It "Canyon CN-WF513" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 145.It "CC&C WL-2102" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 146.It "CNet CWC-854" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 147.It "CNet CWP-854" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 148.It "Compex WL54G" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 149.It "Compex WLP54G" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 150.It "Conceptronic C54RC" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 151.It "Conceptronic C54Ri" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 152.It "D-Link DWA-525 rev A2" Ta RT5392 Ta PCI 153.It "Digitus DN-7001G-RA" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 154.It "Digitus DN-7006G-RA" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 155.It "E-Tech WGPC02" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 156.It "E-Tech WGPI02" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 157.It "Edimax EW-7108PCg" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 158.It "Edimax EW-7128g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 159.It "Eminent EM3036" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 160.It "Eminent EM3037" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 161.It "Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 162.It "Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 163.It "Fiberline WL-400P" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 164.It "Fibreline WL-400X" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 165.It "Gigabyte GN-WI01GS" Ta RT2561S Ta mini-PCI 166.It "Gigabyte GN-WIKG" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 167.It "Gigabyte GN-WMKG" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 168.It "Gigabyte GN-WP01GS" Ta RT2561S Ta PCI 169.It "Gigabyte GN-WPKG" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 170.It "Hawking HWC54GR" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 171.It "Hawking HWP54GR" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 172.It "iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03)" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 173.It "JAHT WN-4054P" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 174.It "JAHT WN-4054PCI" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 175.It "LevelOne WNC-0301 v2" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 176.It "LevelOne WPC-0301 v2" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 177.It "Linksys WMP54G v4" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 178.It "Micronet SP906GK" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 179.It "Micronet SP908GK V3" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 180.It "Minitar MN54GCB-R" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 181.It "Minitar MN54GPC-R" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 182.It "MSI CB54G2" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 183.It "MSI MP54G2" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 184.It "MSI PC54G2" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 185.It "OvisLink EVO-W54PCI" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 186.It "PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 187.It "Planex GW-NS300N" Ta RT2860 Ta CardBus 188.It "Pro-Nets CB80211G" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 189.It "Pro-Nets PC80211G" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 190.It "Repotec RP-WB7108" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 191.It "Repotec RP-WP0854" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 192.It "SATech SN-54C" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 193.It "SATech SN-54P" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 194.It "Sitecom WL-112" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 195.It "Sitecom WL-115" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 196.It "SMC SMCWCB-GM" Ta RT2661 Ta CardBus 197.It "SMC SMCWPCI-GM" Ta RT2661 Ta PCI 198.It "SparkLAN WL-685R" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 199.It "Surecom EP-9321-g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 200.It "Surecom EP-9321-g1" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 201.It "Surecom EP-9428-g" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 202.It "Sweex LC500050" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 203.It "Sweex LC700030" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 204.It "TekComm NE-9321-g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 205.It "TekComm NE-9428-g" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 206.It "Unex CR054g-R02" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 207.It "Unex MR054g-R02" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 208.It "Zinwell ZWX-G160" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 209.It "Zinwell ZWX-G360" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 210.It "Zinwell ZWX-G361" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 211.It "Zonet ZEW1500" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 212.It "Zonet ZEW1600" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 213.El 214.Sh EXAMPLES 215Join an existing BSS network (i.e., connect to an access point): 216.Pp 217.Dl "ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00" 218.Pp 219Join a specific BSS network with network name 220.Dq Li my_net : 221.Bd -literal -offset indent 222ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \e 223 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net 224.Ed 225.Pp 226Join a specific BSS network with 40-bit WEP encryption: 227.Bd -literal -offset indent 228ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \e 229 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 230 wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1 231.Ed 232.Pp 233Join a specific BSS network with 104-bit WEP encryption: 234.Bd -literal -offset indent 235ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \e 236 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 237 wepmode on wepkey 0x01020304050607080910111213 weptxkey 1 238.Ed 239.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 240.Bl -diag 241.It "ral%d: could not load 8051 microcode" 242An error occurred while attempting to upload the microcode to the onboard 8051 243microcontroller unit. 244.It "ral%d: timeout waiting for MCU to initialize" 245The onboard 8051 microcontroller unit failed to initialize in time. 246.It "ral%d: device timeout" 247A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 248The driver will reset the hardware. 249This should not happen. 250.El 251.Sh SEE ALSO 252.Xr cardbus 4 , 253.Xr intro 4 , 254.Xr wlan 4 , 255.Xr wlan_ccmp 4 , 256.Xr wlan_tkip 4 , 257.Xr wlan_wep 4 , 258.Xr wlan_xauth 4 , 259.Xr hostapd 8 , 260.Xr ifconfig 8 , 261.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 262.Rs 263.%T "Ralink Technology" 264.%U http://www.ralinktech.com/ 265.Re 266.Sh HISTORY 267The 268.Nm 269driver first appeared in 270.Ox 3.7 . 271Support for the RT2501 and RT2600 chipsets was added in 272.Ox 3.9 . 273Support for the RT2800 chipset was added in 274.Ox 4.3 . 275Support for the RT2700 chipset was added in 276.Ox 4.4 . 277Support for the RT3090 chipset was added in 278.Ox 4.9 . 279.Sh AUTHORS 280The original 281.Nm 282driver was written by 283.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien@openbsd.org . 284.Sh CAVEATS 285The 286.Nm 287driver does not make use of the hardware cryptographic engine. 288.Pp 289The 290.Nm 291driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by 292the RT2700 and RT2800 chipsets. 293Additional work is required in before those features can be supported. 294.Pp 295Host AP mode does not support power saving. 296Clients attempting to use power saving mode may experience significant 297packet loss (disabling power saving on the client will fix this). 298.Pp 299Some PCI 300.Nm 301adapters strictly require a system supporting PCI 2.2 or greater. 302Check the board's PCI version before purchasing the card as it is likely these 303adapters will not work in systems based on older revisions of the PCI 304specification. 305