1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd March 3, 2010 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84To turn 85.Xr ata 4 86subsystem controller drivers into cam(4) interface modules (disables all native 87.Xr ata 4 88APIs and periperal drivers): 89.Cd options ATA_CAM 90.Pp 91The following tunables are settable from the loader: 92.Bl -ohang 93.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 94set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 95.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 96set to 0 to disable the 80pin cable check (default is 1, check the cable) 97.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 98set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 99.It Va hw.ata.wc 100set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 101.Em WARNING : 102can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 103.It Va hint.atapci.X.msi 104set to 1 to allow Message Signalled Interrupts (MSI) to be used by 105specified PCI ATA controller, if supported. 106.It Va hint.ata.X.pm_level 107controls SATA interface Power Management for specified channel, 108allowing to save some power by the cost of additional command latency. 109Possible values: 110.Bl -tag -compact 111.It 0 112interface Power Management is disabled, default value. 113.It 1 114device is allowed to initiate PM state change, host is passive. 115.It 2 116host initiates PARTIAL PM state transition every time port becomes idle. 117.It 3 118host initiates SLUMBER PM state transition every time port becomes idle. 119.El 120Modes 2 and 3 are implemented only for AHCI driver now. 121.El 122.Sh DESCRIPTION 123The 124.Nm 125driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 126ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 127connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 128.Pp 129The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 130.Pp 131.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 132.It Acard: 133ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 134.It ALI: 135M5228, M5229, M5281, M5283, M5287, M5288, M5289. 136.It AMD: 137AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536. 138.It ATI: 139IXP200, IXP300, IXP400, IXP600, IXP700, IXP800. 140.It CMD: 141CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 142.It Cypress: 143Cypress 82C693. 144.It Cyrix: 145Cyrix 5530. 146.It HighPoint: 147HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 148.It Intel: 1496300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, 150ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10, SCH, PCH. 151.It ITE: 152IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F. 153.It JMicron: 154JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368. 155.It Marvell 15688SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6042, 88SX6081, 88SX6101, 15788SX6102, 88SX6111, 88SX6121, 88SX6141, 88SX6145, 88SX7042. 158.It National: 159SC1100. 160.It NetCell: 161NC3000, NC5000. 162.It nVidia: 163nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4, 164MCP51, MCP55, MCP61, MCP65, MCP67, MCP73, MCP77, MCP79, MCP89. 165.It Promise: 166PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. 167.It ServerWorks: 168HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8. 169.It Silicon Image: 170SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512. 171.It SiS: 172SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 173.It VIA: 174VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, 175VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, 176VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251, CX700, VX800, VX855. 177.El 178.Pp 179Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 180busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 181also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 182not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 183.Pp 184The 185.Nm 186driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 187when the system is up and running. 188See 189.Xr atacontrol 8 . 190.Pp 191The 192.Nm 193driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 194However the 195.Nm 196driver sometimes warns: 197.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 198This means that 199the 200.Nm 201driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 202or could not be detected properly, 203or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 204to UDMA2/ATA33. 205The 206.Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 207tunable can be set to 0 to disable this check. 208.Pp 209Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 210.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 211tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 212Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 213common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 214You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 215.Xr atacontrol 8 , 216but be aware that your hardware might 217.Em not 218support it and can potentially 219.Em hang 220the entire system causing data loss. 221.Sh FILES 222.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 223.It Pa /dev/ad* 224ATA disk device nodes 225.It Pa /dev/ar* 226ATA RAID device nodes 227.It Pa /dev/acd* 228ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 229.It Pa /dev/afd* 230ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 231.It Pa /dev/ast* 232ATAPI tape drive device nodes 233.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 234sample generic kernel config file for 235.Nm 236based systems 237.El 238.Sh NOTES 239Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 240.Em must 241use 80 conductor cables. 242Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 243In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 244quality of the cables. 245SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 246.Pp 247Static device numbering 248(enabled with the 249.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 250kernel option) 251reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 252even when not present. 253This is useful in hotswap scenarios 254where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 255and not depend on attach order. 256.Pp 257Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. 258.Sh SEE ALSO 259.Xr ahci 4 , 260.Xr cam 4 , 261.Xr ataraid 4 , 262.Xr atacontrol 8 , 263.Xr burncd 8 , 264.Xr siis 4 265.Sh HISTORY 266The 267.Nm 268driver first appeared in 269.Fx 4.0 . 270.Sh AUTHORS 271.An S\(/oren Schmidt 272.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 273